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Journal articles on the topic 'Near surface site characterization'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Craig, Mitchell, and Koichi Hayashi. "Surface wave surveying for near-surface site characterization in the East San Francisco Bay Area, California." Interpretation 4, no. 4 (2016): SQ59—SQ69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2015-0227.1.

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Seismic surface wave methods are effective tools for estimating S-wave velocity in urban areas for near-surface site characterization and geologic hazard assessment. A surface wave survey can provide quantitative site-specific measurement of physical properties needed for the design of earthquake-resistant structures. We successfully used a combined active and passive seismic surface wave method to estimate the S-wave velocity in the upper 30 m at sites with a range of geologic conditions. At five of the six sites, multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and microtremor array method (MAM

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2

Hough, Susan E., Alan Yong, Jean Robert Altidor, Dieuseul Anglade, Doug Given, and Saint-Louis Mildor. "Site Characterization and Site Response in Port-au-Prince, Haiti." Earthquake Spectra 27, no. 1_suppl1 (2011): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3637947.

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Waveform analysis of aftershocks of the Mw7.0 Haiti earthquake of 12 January 2010 reveals amplification of ground motions at sites within the Cul de Sac valley in which Port-au-Prince is situated. Relative to ground motions recorded at a hard-rock reference site, peak acceleration values are amplified by a factor of approximately 1.8 at sites on low-lying Mio-Pliocene deposits in central Port-au-Prince and by a factor of approximately 2.5–3 on a steep foothill ridge in the southern Port-au-Prince metropolitan region. The observed amplitude, predominant periods, variability, and polarization of

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Tran, Khiem T., Majid Mirzanejad, Michael McVay, and David Horhota. "3-D time-domain Gauss–Newton full waveform inversion for near-surface site characterization." Geophysical Journal International 217, no. 1 (2019): 206–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz020.

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4

Thompson, G. R., and L. G. Long. "Hibernia geotechnical investigation and site characterization." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 26, no. 4 (1989): 653–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t89-078.

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A detailed offshore site investigation was conducted in the Hibernia field in 1983 to provide engineering data for the preliminary design of a gravity base structure (GBS) for use as an oil production platform. Reliable information regarding the strength and variability of near-surface soils was needed to verify that the foundation would be capable of resisting large environmental design loads, including those induced by iceberg impacts and storm waves. This paper presents an overview of the geotechnical equipment and methods that were successfully used to complete the investigation, major res

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Rathje, Ellen M., Kenneth H. Stokoe, and Brent Rosenblad. "Strong Motion Station Characterization and Site Effects during the 1999 Earthquakes in Turkey." Earthquake Spectra 19, no. 3 (2003): 653–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1596212.

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The 1999 Kocaeli and Duzce earthquakes in Turkey generated a moderate amount of strong ground motion data. This paper describes the shear-wave velocity profiles measured at a number of strong motion stations in Turkey using the spectral-analysis-of-surface-waves (SASW) method. The shear-wave velocity profiles from SASW testing compare well with deeper profiles developed by microtremor surface wave inversion, but SASW provides more shear-wave velocity resolution near the ground surface. The developed shear-wave velocity profiles are used to define site classifications for each station. For the

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Koçkar, M. K., H. Akgün, and E. M. Rathje. "Evaluation of site conditions for the Ankara Basin of Turkey based on seismic site characterization of near-surface geologic materials." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 30, no. 1-2 (2010): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2009.05.007.

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7

Ismail, Ahmed, and Neil Anderson. "Near-surface characterization of a geotechnical site in north-east Missouri using shear-wave velocity measurements." Near Surface Geophysics 5, no. 5 (2007): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2007014.

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Olafsdottir, Elin Asta, Sigurdur Erlingsson, and Bjarni Bessason. "Open-Source MASW Inversion Tool Aimed at Shear Wave Velocity Profiling for Soil Site Explorations." Geosciences 10, no. 8 (2020): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10080322.

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The shear wave velocity profile is of primary interest for geological characterization of soil sites and elucidation of near-surface structures. Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) is a seismic exploration method for determination of near-surface shear wave velocity profiles by analyzing Rayleigh wave propagation over a wide range of wavelengths. The inverse problem faced during the application of MASW involves finding one or more layered soil models whose theoretical dispersion curves match the observed dispersion characteristics. A set of open-source MATLAB-based tools for acquirin

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Rahman, Md Zillur, Sumi Siddiqua, and A. S. M. Maksud Kamal. "Shear wave velocity estimation of the near-surface materials of Chittagong City, Bangladesh for seismic site characterization." Journal of Applied Geophysics 134 (November 2016): 210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2016.09.006.

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10

Raibaud, A., G. Buck, T. Baltz, and H. Eisen. "Cloning and characterization of a variant surface glycoprotein expression site from Trypanosoma equiperdum." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 8 (1986): 2950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.8.2950.

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Variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes of African trypanosomes are expressed when they are inserted into one of several telomere-linked expression sites. We cloned and characterized an 11-kilobase (kb) DNA fragment located upstream of an expressed VSG gene. A DNA sequence of 1.8 kb that is located immediately upstream of the inserted VSG gene contains sequences homologous to the 76-base-pair repeats described as being upstream of VSG genes in Trypanosoma brucei (D. A. Campbell, M. P. Van Bree, and J. C. Boothroyd, Nucleic Acids Res. 12:2759-2774). There are no such sequences elsewhere in the

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Raibaud, A., G. Buck, T. Baltz, and H. Eisen. "Cloning and characterization of a variant surface glycoprotein expression site from Trypanosoma equiperdum." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 8 (1986): 2950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.8.2950-2956.1986.

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Variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes of African trypanosomes are expressed when they are inserted into one of several telomere-linked expression sites. We cloned and characterized an 11-kilobase (kb) DNA fragment located upstream of an expressed VSG gene. A DNA sequence of 1.8 kb that is located immediately upstream of the inserted VSG gene contains sequences homologous to the 76-base-pair repeats described as being upstream of VSG genes in Trypanosoma brucei (D. A. Campbell, M. P. Van Bree, and J. C. Boothroyd, Nucleic Acids Res. 12:2759-2774). There are no such sequences elsewhere in the

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Rucker, Dale F., Meng H. Loke, Marc T. Levitt, and Gillian E. Noonan. "Electrical-resistivity characterization of an industrial site using long electrodes." GEOPHYSICS 75, no. 4 (2010): WA95—WA104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3464806.

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An electrical-resistivity survey was completed at the T tank farm at the Hanford nuclear site in Washington State, U.S.A. The purpose of the survey was to define the lateral extent of waste plumes in the vadose zone in and around the tank farm. The T tank farm consists of single-shell tanks that historically have leaked and many liquid-waste-disposal facilities that provide a good target for resistivity mapping. Given that the site is highly industrialized with near-surface metallic infrastructure that potentially could mask any interpretable waste plume, it was necessary to use the many wells

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Khosro Anjom, Farbod, Daniela Teodor, Cesare Comina, Romain Brossier, Jean Virieux, and Laura Valentina Socco. "Full-waveform matching of VP and VS models from surface waves." Geophysical Journal International 218, no. 3 (2019): 1873–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz279.

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SUMMARY The analysis of surface wave dispersion curves (DCs) is widely used for near-surface S-wave velocity (VS) reconstruction. However, a comprehensive characterization of the near-surface requires also the estimation of P-wave velocity (VP). We focus on the estimation of both VS and VP models from surface waves using a direct data transform approach. We estimate a relationship between the wavelength of the fundamental mode of surface waves and the investigation depth and we use it to directly transform the DCs into VS and VP models in laterally varying sites. We apply the workflow to a rea

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Hing Ng, Yannick Choy, William Danovan, and Taeseo Ku. "The potential of seismic cross-hole tomography for geotechnical site investigation." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 18006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199218006.

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Seismic cross-hole tomography has been commonly used in oil and gas exploration and the mining industry for the detection of precious resources. For near-surface geotechnical site investigation, this geophysical method is relatively new and can be used to supplement traditional methods such as the standard penetration test, coring and sampling, thus improving the effectiveness of site characterization. This paper presents a case study which was carried out on a reclaimed land in the Eastern region of Singapore. A seismic cross-hole test was performed by generating both compressional waves and

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Kempton, Justin J., and Jonathan P. Stewart. "Prediction Equations for Significant Duration of Earthquake Ground Motions considering Site and Near-Source Effects." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 4 (2006): 985–1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2358175.

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For engineering systems having a potential for degradation under cyclic loading (e.g., landslides, soil profiles subject to liquefaction, some structural systems), the characterization of seismic demand should include the amplitude and duration of strong shaking within the system. This article is concerned with significant-duration parameters, which are defined as the time interval across which a specified amount of energy is dissipated (as measured by the integral of the square of the ground acceleration or velocity). We develop ground-motion prediction equations for significant-duration para

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Ridwan, Mohamad, Phil R. Cummins, Sri Widiyantoro, and Masyhur Irsyam. "Site Characterization Using Microtremor Array and Seismic Hazard Assessment for Jakarta, Indonesia." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 109, no. 6 (2019): 2644–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120190040.

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Abstract Site characterization is one of the most important components in seismic hazard analysis because it accounts for the important effects of near‐surface geology on ground motion. It is usually quantified based on the time‐averaged S‐wave velocity (VS) for the top 30 m of the profile (VS30). In this study, we estimate the site class in Jakarta based on VS structure estimated using microtremor array observations. The results show that microtremor‐derived VS profiles agree well with standard penetration test‐derived profiles at nine sites. The site‐class estimates in the Jakarta area can b

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17

S, Suharsono. "Measurement of Attenuation Coefficients of Near Surface Material Using SASW Method." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 4, no. 01 (2016): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/ijap.v4i01.1178.

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<span>The spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) is an <span><em>in situ </em><span>non-destructive method. It has been <span>developed and used for many years in the fields of geotechnical engineering and site <span>characterization. It is typically used in evaluation of elastic moduli and layer thickness of soils, <span>rocks and pavements.<br /><span>In this study the SASW was used to measure an attenuation coefficient (α) of near surface material <span>at 15 development sites with different material e.i. soils, granite an

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18

Waychunas, Glenn A., and Gordon E. Brown. "Fluorescence Yield Xanes and Exafs Experiments: Application to Highly Dilute and Surface Samples." Advances in X-ray Analysis 37 (1993): 607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800016165.

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The development of intense synchrotron radiation sources during the last twenty years has enabled several types of x-ray spectroscopy and scattering techniques to come into practical use. One of the most significant methods for the characterization of extremely dilute samples is high resolution x-ray absorption-edge spectroscopy. The technique is usually divided into two separate methods according to whether the x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) or the extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) is analyzed. XANES features are due mainly to bound-state electronic transitions ju

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19

Sheridan, Lindsay M., Raghavendra Krishnamurthy, Alicia M. Gorton, Will J. Shaw, and Rob K. Newsom. "Validation of Reanalysis-Based Offshore Wind Resource Characterization Using Lidar Buoy Observations." Marine Technology Society Journal 54, no. 6 (2020): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.54.6.13.

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AbstractThe offshore wind industry in the United States is gaining strong momentum to achieve sustainable energy goals, and the need for observations to provide resource characterization and model validation is greater than ever. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) operates two lidar buoys for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in order to collect hub height wind data and associated meteorological and oceanographic information near the surface in areas of interest for offshore wind development. This work evaluates the performance of commonly used reanalysis products and spatial appro

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Quanz, Meaghan E., Tony R. Walker, Ken Oakes, and Rob Willis. "Contaminant characterization in wetland media surrounding a pulp mill industrial effluent treatment facility." Wetlands Ecology and Management 29, no. 2 (2021): 209–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-020-09779-0.

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AbstractThree media (sediment, surface water, and dragonfly larvae tissue) were collected from wetlands surrounding an industrial effluent treatment facility prior to closure. Samples were analyzed for metals, total mercury, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) concentrations. Sediment and surface water concentrations were compared to provincial and federal guidelines, as well as reference wetland concentrations. Exceedances of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, zinc, and PCDD/PCDF guidelines were found in deeper areas of wetlands historically contam

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21

Rucker, Michael L., and Jeffrey R. Keaton. "Three-Dimensional Characterization with Limited Data: An Example from Playa-Lake Basin, Southeast Arizona." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1526, no. 1 (1996): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196152600125.

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Limited data of variable quality provided the basis for characterizing a proposed waste disposal site with an earth fissure in support of an aquifer protection permit. The data included driller's logs of water wells, down-hole and surface geophysical surveys, and repeated topographic survey profiles. Three-dimensional characterization of the site, located near the margin of a playa lake, based on the limited data was accomplished with methods appropriate for the amount and quality of subsurface information. These included application of Quaternary geology and sedimentology and percolation theo

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22

Preston, Leiph, Christian Poppeliers, and David J. Schodt. "Seismic Characterization of the Nevada National Security Site Using Joint Body Wave, Surface Wave, and Gravity Inversion." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 110, no. 1 (2019): 110–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120190151.

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ABSTRACT As a part of the series of Source Physics Experiments (SPE) conducted on the Nevada National Security Site in southern Nevada, we have developed a local-to-regional scale seismic velocity model of the site and surrounding area. Accurate earth models are critical for modeling sources like the SPE to investigate the role of earth structure on the propagation and scattering of seismic waves. We combine seismic body waves, surface waves, and gravity data in a joint inversion procedure to solve for the optimal 3D seismic compressional and shear-wave velocity structures and earthquake locat

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Shuman, Christopher A., Richard B. Alley, and Sridhar Anandakrishnan. "Characterization of a hoar-development episode using SSM/I brightness temperatures in the vicinity of the GISP2 site, Greenland." Annals of Glaciology 17 (1993): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500012817.

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Formation of a surface-hoar/depth-hoar complex at the GISP2 site in central Greenland was correlated with large changes in Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) brightness-temperature data. Pass-averaged SSM/I brightness-temperature data over a 1/2° latitude by 1° longitude cell for the 19 and 37 GHz, vertically (V) and horizontally (Η) polarized bands were manipulated to yield differential (V-Η) trends which clearly show a gradual decline as the hoar formation caused a progressively rougher surface with progressively lower density. The hoar episode ended as snowfall, and high winds buried a

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Shuman, Christopher A., Richard B. Alley, and Sridhar Anandakrishnan. "Characterization of a hoar-development episode using SSM/I brightness temperatures in the vicinity of the GISP2 site, Greenland." Annals of Glaciology 17 (1993): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500012817.

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Formation of a surface-hoar/depth-hoar complex at the GISP2 site in central Greenland was correlated with large changes in Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) brightness-temperature data. Pass-averaged SSM/I brightness-temperature data over a 1/2° latitude by 1° longitude cell for the 19 and 37 GHz, vertically (V) and horizontally (Η) polarized bands were manipulated to yield differential (V-Η) trends which clearly show a gradual decline as the hoar formation caused a progressively rougher surface with progressively lower density. The hoar episode ended as snowfall, and high winds buried a

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Yang, Changbing, Katherine Romanak, Susan Hovorka, Robert M. Holt, Jeff Lindner, and Ramon Trevino. "Near-Surface Monitoring of Large-Volume CO2 Injection at Cranfield: Early Field Test of SECARB Phase III." SPE Journal 18, no. 03 (2013): 486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/163075-pa.

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Summary An early field project of the Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (SECARB) was conducted in Cranfield oil field, western Mississippi. Carbon dioxide (CO2) was injected into coarse-grained fluvial deposits of the Cretaceous lower Tuscaloosa formation, forming a gentle anticline at depths of 3300 m. CO2 injection started in July 2008, increasing to 23 wells (as of May 2011), with total injection rates greater than 1 million tons/yr. Focused monitoring programs of the deep subsurface and near surface have been implemented in different study areas. Here we present results o

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Kim, Byungmin, and Youssef M. A. Hashash. "Site Response Analysis Using Downhole Array Recordings during the March 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake and the Effect of Long-Duration Ground Motions." Earthquake Spectra 29, no. 1_suppl (2013): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000114.

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Downhole arrays provide enhanced understanding of dynamic soil behavior and site response. Historically, downhole array recordings have been available only for earthquakes with relatively limited durations. New recordings from a number of KiK-net downhole arrays during the 11 March 2011, Mw 9.0, subduction zone earthquake near the east coast of Honshu, Japan, allow us to investigate dynamic soil characteristics and site response due to long-duration subduction zone earthquakes. Using these recordings, we perform one-dimensional site response analyses to evaluate the applicability of commonly u

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Mastrocicco, Micòl, Giulio Vignoli, Nicolò Colombani, and Nasser Abu Zeid. "Surface electrical resistivity tomography and hydrogeological characterization to constrain groundwater flow modeling in an agricultural field site near Ferrara (Italy)." Environmental Earth Sciences 61, no. 2 (2009): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0344-6.

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Ogaya, Xènia, Juan Alcalde, Ignacio Marzán, et al. "Joint interpretation of magnetotelluric, seismic, and well-log data in Hontomín (Spain)." Solid Earth 7, no. 3 (2016): 943–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-7-943-2016.

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Abstract. Hontomín (N of Spain) hosts the first Spanish CO2 storage pilot plant. The subsurface characterization of the site included the acquisition of a 3-D seismic reflection and a circumscribed 3-D magnetotelluric (MT) survey. This paper addresses the combination of the seismic and MT results, together with the available well-log data, in order to achieve a better characterization of the Hontomín subsurface. We compare the structural model obtained from the interpretation of the seismic data with the geoelectrical model resulting from the MT data. The models correlate well in the surroundi

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Green, W. N., L. B. Weiss, and O. S. Andersen. "Batrachotoxin-modified sodium channels in planar lipid bilayers. Characterization of saxitoxin- and tetrodotoxin-induced channel closures." Journal of General Physiology 89, no. 6 (1987): 873–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.89.6.873.

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The guanidinium toxin-induced inhibition of the current through voltage-dependent sodium channels was examined for batrachotoxin-modified channels incorporated into planar lipid bilayers that carry no net charge. To ascertain whether a net negative charge exists in the vicinity of the toxin-binding site, we studied the channel closures induced by tetrodotoxin (TTX) and saxitoxin (STX) over a wide range of [Na+]. These toxins carry charges of +1 and +2, respectively. The frequency and duration of the toxin-induced closures are voltage dependent. The voltage dependence was similar for STX and TT

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Seylabi, Elnaz, Andrew M. Stuart, and Domniki Asimaki. "Site Characterization at Downhole Arrays by Joint Inversion of Dispersion Data and Acceleration Time Series." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 110, no. 3 (2020): 1323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120190256.

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ABSTRACT We present a sequential data assimilation algorithm based on the ensemble Kalman inversion to estimate the near-surface shear-wave velocity profile and damping; this is applicable when heterogeneous data and a priori information that can be represented in forms of (physical) equality and inequality constraints in the inverse problem are available. Although noninvasive methods, such as surface-wave testing, are efficient and cost-effective methods for inferring an VS profile, one should acknowledge that site characterization using inverse analyses can yield erroneous results associated

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Pegah, Ehsan, and Huabei Liu. "Application of near-surface seismic refraction tomography and multichannel analysis of surface waves for geotechnical site characterizations: A case study." Engineering Geology 208 (June 2016): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.04.021.

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Mohammed, Mohammed A., and Abdelbaset M. Abudeif. "Geoelectrical Characterization of the Al-Kawamil New Settlement, Sohag, Egypt." Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 24, no. 2 (2019): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/jeeg24.2.327.

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Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is one of the most effective geophysical methods used to acquire detailed pictures of subsurface conditions without drilling. Site investigation using two- and three-dimensional electrical resistivity imaging is now a fundamental step before the design and construction of campus buildings at the University of Sohag in Egypt. In this study, an ERT survey was implemented at two pre-defined sites with the aim of selecting the most favorable location for construction of a new educational building on the university campus. The resistivity results were confirm

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Kemna, Andreas, Andrew Binley, and Lee Slater. "Crosshole IP imaging for engineering and environmental applications." GEOPHYSICS 69, no. 1 (2004): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1649379.

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Induced polarization (IP) imaging is a promising tool in engineering and environmental studies. Application of this technique for near‐surface investigations has previously been limited by incomplete understanding of the physicochemical controls on the IP response, together with a lack of appropriate methods for data inversion. As laboratory studies have shown, description of IP in terms of complex electrical conductivity enables access to various structural characteristics pertinent to practical issues such as subsurface lithology definition, hydraulic permeability estimation, or hydrocarbon

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Meads, Lindsay N., Laurence R. Bentley, and Carl A. Mendoza. "Application of electrical resistivity imaging to the development of a geologic model for a proposed Edmonton landfill site." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 40, no. 3 (2003): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t03-017.

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Electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) was used to further characterize the geologic setting at the proposed Aurum solid-waste landfill site near Edmonton, Alberta. Two bedrock channel aquifers, the east and south channels, exist in or near the site. Previous studies at the proposed site used borehole and pumping test data to determine that the two aquifers are separate and hydraulically disconnected by a sheet of ice thrust bedrock. The three objectives of the ERI were to resolve the sand channels and terrace sands, resolve the top of the thrust bedrock, and resolve the sand channels beneath th

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Lontsi, Agostiny Marrios, Matthias Ohrnberger, Frank Krüger, and Francisco José Sánchez-Sesma. "Combining surface-wave phase-velocity dispersion curves and full microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio for subsurface sedimentary site characterization." Interpretation 4, no. 4 (2016): SQ41—SQ49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2016-0021.1.

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We compute seismic velocity profiles by a combined inversion of surface-wave phase-velocity dispersion curves together with the full spectrum of the microtremor horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratio at two sediment-covered sites in Germany. The sediment deposits are approximately 100 m thick at the first test site and approximately 400 m thick at the second test site. We have used an extended physical model based on the diffuse wavefield assumption for the interpretation of the observed microtremor H/V spectral ratio. The extension includes the interpretation of the microtremor H/V spect

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Asibor, G., O. Edjere, and D. Ebighe. "Leachate characterization and assessment of surface and groundwater water qualities near municipal solid waste dump site at Okuvo, Delta State, Nigeria." Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management 9, no. 4 (2016): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejesm.v9i4.11.

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Ladak, Sameer, Sheri Molnar, and Samantha Palmer. "Multi-method site characterization to verify the hard rock (Site Class A) assumption at 25 seismograph stations across Eastern Canada." Earthquake Spectra 37, no. 1_suppl (2021): 1487–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/87552930211001076.

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Site characterization is a crucial component in assessing seismic hazard, typically involving in situ shear-wave velocity ( VS) depth profiling, and measurement of site amplification including site period. Noninvasive methods are ideal for soil sites and become challenging in terms of field logistics and interpretation in more complex geologic settings including rock sites. Multiple noninvasive active- and passive-seismic techniques are applied at 25 seismograph stations across Eastern Canada. It is typically assumed that these stations are installed on hard rock. We investigate which site cha

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Meneisy, Ahmed M., Mostafa Toni, and Awad A. Omran. "Soft Sediment Characterization using Seismic Techniques at Beni Suef City, Egypt." Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 25, no. 3 (2020): 391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.32389/jeeg19-069.

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It is well known that the local geological characteristics in terms of topographic setting and the existence of soft sediments over bedrock may affect earthquake waves and cause seismic amplification. These effects are called “site effects”. Microtremors which provide an efficient practical tool for site effects estimation were recorded at 43 sites in Beni Suef City, Egypt. The recorded seismic signals were analyzed using the Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method. The targeted site parameters are the fundamental frequency ( f0) and the corresponding amplitude of seismic waves ( A

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Oney, B., S. Henne, N. Gruber, et al. "The CarboCount CH sites: characterization of a dense greenhouse gas observation network." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 9 (2015): 12911–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-12911-2015.

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Abstract. We describe a new rural network of four densely placed (< 100 km apart), continuous atmospheric carbon (CO2, CH4, and CO) measurement sites in north-central Switzerland and analyze their suitability for regional-scale (~ 100 to 500 km) carbon flux studies. We characterize each site by analyzing surrounding land cover, observed local meteorology, and sensitivity to surface fluxes, as simulated with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART-COSMO. The Beromünster measurements are made on a tall tower (212 m) located on a gentle hill. At Beromünster, regional CO2 signals (mea

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Oney, B., S. Henne, N. Gruber, et al. "The CarboCount CH sites: characterization of a dense greenhouse gas observation network." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 19 (2015): 11147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11147-2015.

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Abstract. We describe a new rural network of four densely placed (< 100 km apart), continuous atmospheric carbon (CO2, CH4, and CO) measurement sites in north-central Switzerland and analyze its suitability for regional-scale (~ 100–500 km) carbon flux studies. We characterize each site for the period from March 2013 to February 2014 by analyzing surrounding land cover, observed local meteorology, and sensitivity to surface fluxes, as simulated with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART-COSMO (FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model-Consortium for Small-Scale Modeling). The Beromünst

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McMechan, George A., Robert G. Loucks, Paul Mescher, and Xiaoxian Zeng. "Characterization of a coalesced, collapsed paleocave reservoir analog using GPR and well‐core data." GEOPHYSICS 67, no. 4 (2002): 1148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1500376.

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The three‐dimensional architecture, spatial complexity, and pore‐type distribution are mapped in a near‐surface analog of a coalesced, collapsed paleocave system in the Lower Ordovician Ellenburger Group near the city of Marble Falls in central Texas. The surface area of the site has dimensions of about 350 × 1000 m. The data collected include about 12 km of 50‐MHz ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) data arranged in a grid of orthogonal lines, 29 cores of about 15‐m length, and detailed facies maps of an adjacent quarry face. Electrical property measurements along with detailed core descriptions w

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Vienken, Thomas, Carsten Leven, and Peter Dietrich. "Use of CPT and other direct push methods for (hydro-) stratigraphic aquifer characterization — a field study." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 49, no. 2 (2012): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t11-094.

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Every environmental site investigation aims at delineating near-surface (hydro-) stratigraphic units and their characterization. To determine the type and hydraulic properties of sedimentary deposits, direct push (DP) sensor probes and tools are promising methods and are therefore frequently applied to measure high-resolution vertical profiles of soil properties. Given the variety of these tools, the objective of this paper is to compare selected DP tools for the (hydro-) stratigraphic subsurface characterization in a heterogeneous unconsolidated sedimentary aquifer. An overview of current DP

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Preuss, D., J. Mulholland, A. Franzusoff, N. Segev, and D. Botstein. "Characterization of the Saccharomyces Golgi complex through the cell cycle by immunoelectron microscopy." Molecular Biology of the Cell 3, no. 7 (1992): 789–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.3.7.789.

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The membrane compartments responsible for Golgi functions in wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae were identified and characterized by immunoelectron microscopy. Using improved fixation methods, Golgi compartments were identified by labeling with antibodies specific for alpha 1-6 mannose linkages, the Sec7 protein, or the Ypt1 protein. The compartments labeled by each of these antibodies appear as disk-like structures that are apparently surrounded by small vesicles. Yeast Golgi typically are seen as single, isolated cisternae, generally not arranged into parallel stacks. The location of the Gol

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Gallée, H., S. Preunkert, S. Argentini, et al. "Characterization of the boundary layer at Dome C (East Antarctica) during the OPALE summer campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 23 (2014): 33089–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-33089-2014.

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Abstract. The regional climate model MAR was run for the region of Dome C located on the East Antarctic plateau, during Antarctic summer 2011–2012, in order to refine our understanding of meteorological conditions during the OPALE observation campaign. A very high vertical resolution is set up in the lower troposphere, with a grid spacing of roughly 2 m. Comparisons are made with observed temperatures and winds near the surface and from a 45 m high tower as well as sodar and radiation data. MAR is generally in very good agreement with the observations but sometimes underestimates cloud formati

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Eder, Gabriele C., Yiji Lin, Yuliya Voronko, and Lidija Spoljaric-Lukacic. "On-Site Identification of the Material Composition of PV Modules with Mobile Spectroscopic Devices." Energies 13, no. 8 (2020): 1903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13081903.

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With the increased development of portable and handheld molecular spectrometers within recent years, new fields of applications have opened up, such as their use (i) for material identification of samples contained in large and non-portable components and (ii) the detection of material degradation effects and failures directly in the plant. The usability and transferability of well-established analytical characterization techniques, such as attenuated total reflection (ATR) Infrared (IR)-, Raman, and Near-Infrared (NIR)-spectroscopy as mobile devices for the in-field characterization of Photov

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Kiernan, Michael, Dan Jackson, Jack Montgomery, J. Brian Anderson, Brannon W. McDonald, and Kaye Chancellor Davis. "Characterization of a Karst Site using Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Seismic Full Waveform Inversion." Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 26, no. 1 (2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32389/jeeg20-045.

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Karst geology is characterized by the presence of sinkholes and voids, which may pose significant risk to existing infrastructure. Sinkhole formation is often observed near active quarries, where dewatering operations can alter regional groundwater flow patterns leading to subsidence and increased void formation. In these areas, identifying locations which may be susceptible to sinkhole formation requires an ability to map dissolution features within the rock. Traditional geotechnical explorations alone are not well-suited to this effort as they only provide subsurface information at discrete

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Michna, P., W. Eugster, R. V. Hiller, M. J. Zeeman, and H. Wanner. "Topoclimatological case-study of Alpine pastures near the Albula Pass in the eastern Swiss Alps." Geographica Helvetica 68, no. 4 (2013): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-68-249-2013.

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Abstract. Alpine grasslands are an important source of fodder for the cattle of Alpine farmers. Only during the short summer season can these pastures be used for grazing. With the anticipated climate change, it is likely that plant production – and thus the fodder basis for the cattle – will be influenced. Investigating the dependence of biomass production on topoclimatic factors will allow us to better understand how anticipated climate change may influence this traditional Alpine farming system. Because small-scale topoclimatological variations of the main meteorological variables: temperat

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Huang, L. K., M. T. DeLand, S. L. Taylor, and L. E. Flynn. "Characterization of In Band Stray Light in SBUV/2 Instruments." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 6, no. 4 (2013): 7911–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-7911-2013.

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Abstract. Significant In-Band Stray Light (IBSL) error at solar zenith angle (SZA) values larger than 77° near sunset in 4 SBUV/2 instruments has been characterized. The IBSL error is caused by large surface reflection and scattering of the air-gapped depolarizer in front of the instrument's monochromator aperture. The source of the IBSL error is direct solar illumination of instrument components near the aperture rather than from earth shine. We have analyzed SBUV/2 albedo measurements on both dayside and night side to develop an empirical model for the IBSL error. This error has been correct

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Jackson, Richard E., Varadarajan Dwarakanath, John E. Ewing, and John Avis. "Migration of viscous non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in alluvium, Fraser River lowlands, British Columbia." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 43, no. 7 (2006): 694–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t06-034.

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Coal tar, creosote, and similar viscous non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) behave in alluvial soils in a manner significantly different from that of less viscous NAPLs, such as gasoline and chlorinated solvents. Their unique behavior is due to the interaction of their physicalchemical parameters: a density often greater than water, a viscosity significantly greater than water, and an interfacial tension that yields a positive initial spreading coefficient at airwaterNAPL interfaces. This results in slow, creeping flow that causes long-term contamination at former manufactured gas plants and

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Seybold, C. A., M. R. Balks, and D. S. Harms. "Characterization of active layer water contents in the McMurdo Sound region, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 22, no. 6 (2010): 633–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102010000696.

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AbstractThe liquid soil water contents in the seasonally thawed layer (active layer) were characterized from seven soil climate monitoring sites - four coastal sites from south to north (Minna Bluff, Scott Base, Marble Point and Granite Harbour), and inland sites from low to high altitude (Wright Valley, Victoria Valley and Mount Fleming). Mean water contents ranged from 0.013 m3 m-3 near the surface at Victoria Valley to 0.33 m3 m-3 near the ice-cemented layer at Granite Harbour. The coastal sites have greater soil water contents than the McMurdo Dry Valley and Mount Fleming sites, and moistu

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