Relevant bibliographies by topics / Neck – Wounds and injuries

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Academic literature on the topic 'Neck – Wounds and injuries'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Neck – Wounds and injuries"

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Low, Garren M. I., Kenji Inaba, Konstantinos Chouliaras, Bernardino Branco, Lydia Lam, Elizabeth Benjamin, Jay Menaker, and Demetrios Demetriades. "The Use of the Anatomic ‘Zones’ of the Neck in the Assessment of Penetrating Neck Injury." American Surgeon 80, no. 10 (October 2014): 970–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481408001013.

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The traditional classification of neck injuries uses an anatomic description of Zones I through III. The objective of this article was to characterize the association between external wounds and the corresponding internal injuries after penetrating neck trauma to identify the clinical use of the anatomic zones of the neck. Patients who sustained penetrating neck trauma from December 2008 to March 2011 were analyzed. All patients underwent structured clinical examination documenting the external zone where the wound(s) were located. All internal injuries were then correlated with the external wounds. An internal injury was defined as “unexpected” if it was located outside the borders of the neck zone corresponding to the external wound. In total, 146 patients sustaining a penetrating neck injury were analyzed; 126 (86%) male. The mechanism of injury was stab wounds in 74 (51%) and gunshot wounds in 69 (47%). Mean age was 31 years (range, nine to 62 years). Thirty-seven (25%) patients sustained had a total of 50 internal injuries. There was a high incidence of noncorrelation between the location of the external injury and the internal structures that were damaged in patients with hard signs of vascular or aerodigestive injury. The use of the anatomic zones and their role in the workup of penetrating neck injury are questionable.
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Sizyi, M. Yu. "Septic complications in patients with neck wounds." Експериментальна і клінічна медицина 84, no. 3 (August 21, 2020): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/ekm.2019.84.03.10.

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Nowadays, we have been a steady increase in injuries as the social conditions of life and have changed. Statistically found that 54.0 % of people of car accidents have injuries to the head and neck. According to the literature, mortality in patients with neck injury which is complicating by pyoinflammatory persists up to 30.0-76.0 %. The management of neck trauma can be challenging and sometimes overwhelming, as this anatomical region contains many vital structures. These structures may pose a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Our research based on the results of diagnosis and treatment of 124 patients with a purulent mediastinitis, complicating traumatic injuries of the neck organs. Among these men – 92 (74.2 %), women – 32 (25.8 %). The results of treatment depend on timely diagnosis, hospitalization in a specialized compartment and conducting active surgical tactics
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Madsen, AS, GL Laing, JL Bruce, and DL Clarke. "A comparative audit of gunshot wounds and stab wounds to the neck in a South African metropolitan trauma service." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 98, no. 7 (September 2016): 488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2016.0181.

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Introduction The aim of this comparative study of gunshot wounds (GSWs) and stab wounds (SWs) to the neck was to quantify the impact of the mechanism of injury on the outcome and management of penetrating neck injury (PNI). Methods A prospective trauma registry was interrogated retrospectively. Data were analysed pertaining to demographics and injury severity score (ISS), physiology on presentation, anatomical site of wounds and injuries sustained, investigations, management, outcome and complications. Results There were 452 SW and 58 GSW cases over the 46 months of the study. Patients with GSWs were more likely to have extracervical injuries than those with SWs (69% vs 63%). The incidence of a ‘significant cervical injury’ was almost twice as high in the GSW cohort (55% vs 31%). For patients with transcervical GSWs, this increased to 80%. The mean ISS was 17 for GSW and 11 for SW patients. Those in the GSW cohort presented with threatened airways and a requirement for an emergency airway three times as often as patients with SWs (24% vs 7% and 14% vs 5% respectively). The incidence among GSW and SW patients respectively was 5% and 6% for airway injuries, 12% and 8% for injuries to the digestive tract, 21% and 16% for vascular injuries, 59% and 10% for associated cervical injuries, 36% and 14% for maxillofacial injuries, 16% and 9% for injuries to the head, and 35% and 45% for injuries to the chest. In the GSW group, 91% underwent computed tomography angiography (CTA), with 23% of these being positive for a vascular injury. For SWs, 74% of patients underwent CTA, with 17% positive for a vascular injury. Slightly more patients with GSWs required operative intervention than those with SWs (29% vs 26%). Conclusions Patients with GSWs to the neck have a worse outcome than those with injuries secondary to SWs. However, the proportion of neck injuries actually requiring direct surgical intervention is not increased and most cases with PNI secondary to GSWs can be managed conservatively with a good outcome. Imaging should be performed for all GSWs to the neck.
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Yetiser, Sertac, and Mustafa Kahramanyol. "High-Velocity Gunshot Wounds to the Head and Neck: A Review of Wound Ballistics." Military Medicine 163, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/163.5.346.

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Abstract Patients who sustain gunshot injuries to the head and neck face heavy tissue damage and eventually life-threatening conditions. A very significant factor that determines the degree of injury is the course and extent of the missile track. The missile track is well correlated with bullet structure, size, and velocity, which have distinct features in civilian and military firearm injuries. The missile entrance or exit wound may be out of sight in some injuries, and often it is difficult to predict the severity of the injury in the chaotic circumstances of the battlefield. We studied the wound ballistics in five soldiers who suffered penetrating cranial and cervical firearm injuries.
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Swain, Rajanikanta, Shivani Dhaka, Munish Sharma, Mantaran Singh Bakshi, OP Murty, and Asit Kumar Sikary. "Accidental cut-throat injuries from the broken windshield of an auto rickshaw: Two unusual cases." Medicine, Science and the Law 58, no. 3 (April 22, 2018): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802418768320.

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Accidental cut-throat injuries are extremely rare and usually involve a sharp-edged weapon. In this paper, two cases of a cut-throat wound to two auto-rickshaw drivers are presented where the broken windshield of the auto-rickshaws was responsible for the wounds. In both the cases, fatal incised wounds were present over the neck, cutting the soft tissue along with the major vessels. The death occurred due to exsanguination caused by neck-vessel injury in one case and trachea along with neck-vessel injury in the second case. Although the wounds on the neck initially suggested homicide, they were found to have occurred accidentally as a result of a road traffic accident involving a head-on collision of auto rickshaws. The injuries were inflicted by the shattered glass of the windshield.
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Syzyi, M. Yu. "TREATMENT-DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES FOR INJURY OF THE NECK." Kharkiv Surgical School, no. 3-4 (December 20, 2019): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37699/2308-7005.3-4.2019.28.

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Summary. The article is devoted to the study of the urgent problem of neck injury and medical diagnostic tactics. Externally, a small wound on the neck can hide serious damage to deep structures and adjacent anatomical areas. In peacetime during neck injuries, it is necessary stick to the basic principles of surgery: all wounds are subject to primary surgical treatment with a thorough revision of the wound canal. The algorithm of therapeutic and diagnostic measures depends on the nature and severity of the damage, clinical symptoms, and related injuries that are life-threatening.
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Tkachenko, Pavlo I., Serhii O. Bilokon, Olha B. Dolenko, Nataliia M. Korotych, Yuliia V. Popelo, and Nataliia P. Bilokon. "BITTEN WOUNDS OF THE MAXILLOFACIAL AREA IN CHILDREN." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 6 (2020): 1108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202006105.

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The aim of the work is to determine the frequency, structure, features of clinical manifestations and treatment of bitten wounds of the face and neck in children of Poltava region. Materials and methods: It has been analyzed 91 histories of disease of thematic patients undergone treatment at the Surgical Department of Pediatric town clinical hospital of Poltava. Results: In the structure of traumatic injuries of maxillofacial area in children 5.3% were patients with bitten wounds of the face and neck. Among the injured were children of the age 7-12 years old (30.2%). In 74.7% of cases, the bites were complicated by acute inflammatory processes. Urban residents accounted for 71.8% of the total number of cases, while rural residents accounted for 28.2%. Boys were injured by 53.6% and girls by 46.4%. Sharps (74.5%), punctures (19.3%) and lacerations (6.2%) differed in form. The comprehensive treatment of patients with bitten maxillofacial area wounds was carried out according to the protocol of care. Conclusions: The clinical picture and severity of bitten wounds of maxillofacial area in children have individual features, which are largely due to topographic and anatomical localization of injuries. The choice of the optimal variant of primary surgical treatment of wounds and the amount of surgery should be determined individually depending on the severity of the injury, the time of injury. Special attention should be paid to normalization of psycho-emotional state of patients and prevention of scar formation.
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Vassiliu, Pantelis, Jay Baker, Shawn Henderson, Kathy Alo, George Velmahos, and Demetrios Demetriades. "Aerodigestive Injuries of the Neck." American Surgeon 67, no. 1 (January 2001): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480106700117.

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Cervical aerodigestive trauma is rare and most centers have a limited experience with its management. The purpose of this review was to study the epidemiology, diagnosis, and problems related to the early evaluation and management of these injuries. This was a retrospective study based on trauma registry and on chart, operative, radiological, and endoscopic reports. There were 1560 admissions with blunt or penetrating trauma to the neck. The overall incidence of aerodigestive trauma was 4.9 per cent (10.2% for gunshot wounds, 4.6% for stab wounds, and 1.2% for blunt trauma). All patients with aerodigestive trauma had suspicious signs or symptoms on admission. The most common life-threatening problem in the emergency room and directly related to the aerodigestive trauma was airway compromise. Twenty-nine per cent of patients with laryngotracheal trauma required an emergency room airway establishment because of threatened airway loss. Although rapid sequence induction was successful in the majority of cases, in 11.9 per cent there was loss of airway and a cricothyroidotomy was necessary. Overall, 9 per cent of cases with aerodigestive injuries were successfully treated nonoperatively. Thirty-six per cent of patients with laryngotracheal trauma and surgical repair were successfully treated without a protective tracheostomy. There was no mortality due to the aerodigestive injuries. Cervical aerodigestive trauma is rare. In conclusion, all patients with significant aerodigestive injuries requiring treatment had suspicious signs and symptoms. Airway compromise was a common problem in the emergency room. Loss of airway after rapid sequence induction is a potentially lethal complication and the trauma team should be ready for a surgical airway. Repair of laryngotracheal injuries without a protective tracheostomy is safe in selected cases.
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Lee, Dennis, Michael Nash, Jon Turk, and Gady Har-El. "Low-Velocity Gunshot Wounds to the Paranasal Sinuses." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 116, no. 3 (March 1997): 372–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59989770276-6.

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There are more than 200 million private firearms in the United States today. Firearm-associated deaths are the second leading cause of mortality for men 1 to 38 years of age. There are many studies in the literature concerning the management of high-velocity gunshot injuries to the head and neck. However, there are no studies in the English language literature concerning the management of isolated low-velocity gunshot wounds to the paranasal sinuses. We retrospectively reviewed 35 patients treated for low-velocity gunshot wounds of the paranasal sinuses between 1985 and 1994 at Kings County Hospital Center. The injuries sustained by these patients were less severe than previously reported for high-velocity missile or shotgun injuries. The management of these injuries is outlined with emphasis on (1) indications for angiographic studies, (2) airway management, and (3) indications for operative removal of bullet fragments.
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Piccart, Frederik, JakobTitiaan Dormaar, Ruxandra Coropciuc, Joseph Schoenaers, Michel Bila, and Constantinus Politis. "Dog Bite Injuries in the Head and Neck Region: A 20-Year Review." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 12, no. 3 (September 2019): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660441.

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Dog bite-related wounds seem to have become a common problem, especially when they relate to the head and neck region. According to Overall and Love, up to 18 per 1,000 people sustain a dog bite every year, of whom 3 need medical attention. Approximately 1 to 2% of bite injuries require hospitalization of the victims. Most of the lacerations are found in the upper lip and the nose regions and they are classified according to severity and concomitant damage to other organs. Bite wounds are considered “dirty” wounds and are prone to infection. When dealing with bite wounds, there is always an indication for antibiotic treatment. Broad-spectrum antibiotics like amoxicillin-clavulanate and/or moxifloxacin cover most of the pathogenic flora and should be administered in every bite wound case at risk of infection. This article would like to present a medical record review: a retrospective analysis of all bite wounds sustained in the head and neck region, treated at the University Hospital of Leuven over the past 20 years. Furthermore, it provides an overview of the current literature and its standings on the treatment of dog bite injuries in the maxillofacial region. We assessed both surgical and medical treatment options, as well as primary management, which includes infection prevention strategies, closure management, and additional vaccination requirements. Secondary management or scar revision methods will be mentioned. After conducting a UZ Leuven database search using keywords such as “dog,” “dog bite,” “face,” “head,” “lip,” and others, 223 patients were included. Age at the time of injury, location of the injury, treatment method used, and whether secondary infection was present or not were documented. All patients have been divided in age groups. We concluded that 21.52% was 5 years old or younger. Almost half of our patients (49.33%) were 18 years old or younger. Of all patients, 79 were hospitalized (35.43%). Primary closure was the treatment of choice. In 141 patients, the wounds were closed primarily (63.23%), resulting in only 2.24% reported secondary infections. Only one fatality was reported in our center over the course of 20 years (0.45%), a 6-year-old girl who had been attacked by her father's Rottweilers. Most patients who sustained dog bite injuries in the head and neck region seem to be children, specifically toddlers. Due to their height, it is possible they are more prone to dog bite injuries in the head and neck region. It is essential to optimize management of these injuries due to the impact they have on patients. This article provides the epidemiological data and clinical outcome of the approach at our center.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Neck – Wounds and injuries"

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Estep, Christina Renee. "Modeling of the human head/neck system using rigid body dynamics." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10062009-020148/.

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Saggu, Rajinder Kaur. "Effect of a chair and computer screen height adjustment on the neck and upper back musculoskeletal symptoms in an office worker." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96971.

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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aims: To assess the effect of a chair and computer screen height adjustment on the neck and upper back musculoskeletal symptoms in an office worker. Methods: An N=1 study was conducted using the ABC design. Ethics approval was obtained for the study and the participant provided informed written consent. The participant was assessed over three four week phases as she performed her habitual computer work. The outcome measures assessed during the three phases were the pain intensity and perceived sitting comfort. The three phases were named the baseline, intervention and wash-out phases. During the baseline phase, the outcome measures were obtained at the participant‟s habitual work station. The intervention phase involved a vertical adjustment of the chair and computer screen height. The wash-out phase allowed the participant to adjust the chair and computer screen height to their choice. A follow-up interview was conducted with the participant three months after completion of the study. The mean values and the ranges of the pain intensity and perceived comfort were obtained and compared. The data collected was captured on a Microsoft Excel 2010 spread sheet, where after the data was tabulated and presented graphically. Results: The mean pain intensity of the participant increased slightly during the intervention phase in comparison to the baseline phase, but remained stable during the wash-out phase. The mean perceived sitting comfort deteriorated initially during the intervention phase, but improved later during the intervention phase and showed greater improvement during the wash out phase. The perceived sitting comfort showed more improvement than the pain intensity during the washout phase. Both the pain intensity and perceived sitting comfort showed improvement at the three months follow up assessment, post completion of the study. Conclusion: The vertical height adjustment of the chair and the VDT did not improve the participant‟s pain intensity and perceived sitting comfort when compared to the participant‟s habitual workstation parameters. The findings do not favour the horizontal viewing angle. The findings of this study however support the use of „slightly below horizontal‟ viewing angle as being conducive to reduce the pain intensity and improve the sitting comfort of an office worker.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doelstelling: Om die effek te bepaal van die hoogte aanpassing van die stoel en rekenaarskerm op die nek en bo-rug muskuloskeletale simptome van 'n kantoorwerker. Metodes: „n N=1 studie was uitgevoer deur gebruik te maak van die ABC ontwerp. Etiese goedkeuring was verkry vir die studie en die deelnemer het ingeligte skriftelike toestemming verleen. Die deelnemer was ge-evalueer oor drie vier week-lange fases terwyl sy haar gewone rekenaarwerk verrig het. Die uitkomsmetings ge-evalueer tydens die drie fases was pyn intensiteit en waargenome sitgemak. Die drie fases was genoem die basislyn, intervensie en uitwas fases. Gedurende die basislyn fase was die uitkomsmetings by die deelnemer se gewone werkstasie ingevorder. Die intervensie fase het 'n vertikale aanpassing van die stoel en rekenaarskerm behels. Die uitwas fase het die deelnemer toegelaat om haar stoel en rekenaarskerm se hoogte aan te pas volgens haar keuse. 'n Opvolg onderhoud was gevoer met die deelnemer drie maande na die voltooiing van die studie. Die resultate was vasgelê op 'n Microsoft Excel 2010 data bladsy, waarna die data getabuleer en grafies uitgebeeld is. Resultate: Die gemiddelde pyn intensiteit van die deelnermer het effens toegeneem tydens die intervensie fase in vergelyking met die basislyn fase, maar het stabiel gebly tydens die uitwas fase. Die gemiddelde waargenome sitgemak het aanvanklik verswak tydens die intervensie fase, maar het later verbeter tydens die intervensie fase en het aangehou verbeter tydens die uitwas fase. Die waargenome sitgemak het groter verbetering getoon as die pyn intensiteit tydens die uitwas fase. Beide pyn intensiteit en waargenome sitgemak het verbetering getoon by die drie maande opvolg evaluasie, na voltooiing van die studie. Gevolgtrekking. Die vertikale hoogte aanpassing van die stoel en rekenaarskerm het nie die deelnemer se pyn intensiteit en waargenome sitgemak in vergelyking met die deelnemer se gewone werkstasie parameters verbeter nie. Hierdie bevindinge is nie ten voordeel van die horisontale kykhoek nie. Nietemin, ondersteun die bevindinge van hierdie studie die gebruik van die "effens onder die horisontale" kykhoek as bevorderend om die pyn intensiteit te verminder en die sitgemak van 'n kantoorwerker te verbeter.
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Van, Vledder Nicole. "An ergonomic intervention : the effect of a chair and computer screen height adjustment on musculoskeletal pain and sitting comfort in office workers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96865.

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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aims: To assess the effect of a vertical height adjustment of the chair and visual display unit (VDU) on work related upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain (WRUQMP) and sitting comfort in computer users. The upper quadrant refers to the occiput, cervical and upper thoracic spine including the clavicles and scapulae. Methods: An N=1 study was conducted using the ABC design whereby an ergonomic workstation adjustment, of VDU and chair height, was compared to the subject’s usual workstation settings. Pain and sitting comfort were measured using visual analogue scales (VAS). The subject was assessed over the four week phases as she performed her typical VDU work. The results were compiled and tabulated. Results: Both the mean and variance in pain intensity decreased after the workstation intervention. A deterioration was noted in sitting comfort. Conclusion: The vertical height adjustment of the chair and VDU may have contributed to a decrease in WRUQMP in this subject. This safe, economical workstation intervention may be a practical management option for the computer user suffering from WRUQMP. Further research into the measurement of comfort whilst sitting at a computer workstation, is recommended.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doelwitte: Om die effek te bepaal van n vertikale aanpassing van die stoel en beeldskerm van rekenaargebruikers op werksverwandte boonste kwadrant muskuloskeletale pyn en sitgemak. Die boonste kwadrant verwys na die oksiput, servikale en boonste torakale werwelkolom en sluit ook die klavikel en skapula in. Methode: Die N=1 studie is onderneem met gebruik van die ABC ontwerp in terme waarvan n ergonomiese aanpassing van stoel en beeldskerm vergelyk is met die normale gebruik van die deelnemer. Pyn en sitgemak is gemeet deur die gebruik van die Visueel analoogskaal. Die interwensies is ge-evalueer oor vierweekfases tydens normale rekenaar gebruik van die deelnemer. Die resultate is saamgestel en getabuleer. Uitkoms: Beide die gemiddelde en veranderlike pynintensiteit het verminder nadat die werkstasie aangepas is. Geen verbetering in sitgemak is opgemerk nie. Gevolgtrekking: Die vertikale hoogte-aanpassing van die stoel en beeldskerm het moontlik bygedra tot die verminderde pynvlakke in hierdie deelnemer. Hierdie veilige, ekonomiese verstelling is moontlik n praktiese beheeropsie vir rekenaargebruikers wat werksverwandte boonste kwadrant muskuloskeletale pyn verduur. Verder studie in die meet en waarneming van sitgemak tydens rekenaarwerk is nodig.
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Foster, Michele. "A window of opportunity : referral from acute care to rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16181.pdf.

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Schneider, Jillian Claire Zillmer Eric Moelter Stephen T. "Emotional sequelae of sports-related injuries : concussive and orthopedic injuries /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1115.

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Murnyack, Roberta Michelle. "Development of a three-dimensional finite element model of lateral controlled cortical impact injury in the rat with geometry from magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17058.

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Lin, Htein. "Causes and prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors of school children aged 10-14 years in Maseru, Lesotho." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, etiology and types of injuries to permanent incisors among schoolchildren aged 10-14 years from Maseru, Lesotho. Upper and lower permanent incisors were examined for dental injuries.
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Margand, Paul Marcus Buchanan. "Ultrastructural changes in electrically damaged x-enopus laevis sciatic nerve." Scholarly Commons, 1991. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2217.

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Electrical injury is known to alter the normal physiological function of nerves. In most cases, the change in function is only minor, but in severe instances the physiological function may be lost entirely. The changes in function involve the ability of the nerve to transmit an impulse, which is a function of the nerve's ability to create and maintain an electrical gradient across its membrane. When the nerve is exposed to an electrical current, the ability to maintain an electrical gradient across the membrane is reduced or lost. This change may be transient or permanent. The changes in the gradient hinder the nerve from propagating the impulse, which is the means of information transfer to and from the CNS (central nervous system). Due to the manner in which human victims are typically exposed to an electric shock, the peripheral axons usually display the greatest change in physiological function.
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Ackermann, Tessa Ruth. "Minor "dings" - major effects? a study into the cognitive effects of mild head injuries in high school rugby." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002429.

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The present study is part of a larger and ongoing research initiative investigating the cumulative cognitive effects of mild head injury in rugby union and focused specifically on high school rugby players. A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests was administered to top team high school rugby players (n = 47), and a non-contact sport control group of top team high school hockey players (n = 34). Direct comparisons of group mean scores and standard deviations across each neuropsychological test were carried out for the Total Rugby group versus the Total Hockey group as well as for the subgroups Rugby Forwards versus Rugby Backs. A correlational analysis was conducted to ascertain whether a relationship exists between the number of mild head injuries reported by the players and their cognitive test performance. Results of the group comparisons of means and variability on WMS Paired Associate Learning Hard Pairs - Delayed Recall provides tentative indications of the initial stages of diffuse damage associated with mild head injury in the rugby group and provides some evidence for impairment of verbal learning and memory in the Rugby Forwards group. The correlational analysis revealed no significant relationship between number of reported mild head injuries and cognitive performance. The findings and possible latent effects of the multiple mild head injuries reported by the rugby players are discussed in terms of brain reserve capacity theory and suggestions for future research are provided.
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Scholtz, Hendrik Johannes. "Fatal penetrating injuries of the chest." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26781.

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In the Republic of South Africa, an autopsy is required in all cases of unnatural death, or in cases where the cause of death is unknown in terms of the Inquest Act of 1959. These are performed at the Salt River Medicolegal Laboratory by Forensic Pathologists and Registrars of the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of the University of Cape Town. The Salt River Medicolegal Laboratory serves the greater Cape Town area with a population of approximately 2,5 million, including the magisterial districts of Cape Town, Wynberg, Mitchell's Plain and Simonstown. Cape Town has one of the world's highest homicide rates and in 1986 the incidence was 56, 91 100000 population per annum. In contrast, Singapore has a homicide rate of only 2, 5/100 000, while the United States has an overall homicide rate of 7,7/ 100 000 population. In order to document the true impact of penetrating chest injuries, and to place mortality data in perspective, a retrospective descriptive study of all cases with fatal penetrating chest injuries admitted to the Salt River Medicolegal Laboratory in Cape Town during 1990 was undertaken. In 1990, a total of 5 758 cases was admitted to the Salt River Medicolegal Laboratory of which 1834 cases (39%) were the result of homicide. Of the homicide cases, 408 (22%) were the result of firearm injuries. A total of 2044 (35, 5%) cases admitted was deemed to have died of natural causes. This study identified a total of 841 cases of fatal penetrating injuries of the chest admitted during 1990, which constituted 22,6% of all non-natural cases admitted.
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Books on the topic "Neck – Wounds and injuries"

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McQuade, J. Stanley. Low back & neck injuries. [Harrisburg, Pa.] (104 South St., P.O. Box 1027, Harrisburg 17108-1027): Pennsylvania Bar Institute, 1991.

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Tarantino, John A. Litigating neck & back injuries. Santa Ana, CA: Ford Pub., 1987.

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J. S. H. M. Wismans. Preliminary development, head-neck simulator. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1986.

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Pathology of neck injury. London: Butterworths, 1989.

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Pike, Jeffrey A. Neck injury biomechanics. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, 2009.

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Murray, Thomas J. Understanding & handling the back & neck injury case. Eau Claire, Wis. (P.O. Box 1208, Eau Claire 54701): Professional Education Systems, 1985.

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1933-, Robertson Donald W., ed. Understanding & handling the back & neck injury case. [Eau Claire, Wis.]: Pesi Legal Pub., 1990.

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Green, Jacob. Common head, neck, and back injuries. Malabar, Fla: Krieger, 1988.

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Blaker, J. L. Evaluation tests of lower neck transducer for the Hybrid III Dummy. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1987.

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Smith, Lawrence J. Head and neck injury handbook. Colorado Springs, Colo: Shepard's/McGraw-Hill, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Neck – Wounds and injuries"

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Datarkar, Abhay, and Shikha Tayal. "Management of Soft Tissue Injuries in the Maxillofacial Region." In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 997–1012. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_49.

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AbstractSoft tissue injuries of head and neck are the most common injuries encountered by the maxillofacial surgeons during their clinical practice. Therefore, one must have a sound knowledge of the various types, their mechanisms of injuries and most importantly, the management of the same. This chapter discusses the classification system of all types of soft tissue injuries, and focuses on the principles of management of different types of the injuries, with emphasis on their mechanism and healing process. Numerous figures, box diagrams and case scenarios are added to make the chapter interesting and provide real time information about the topic. A special note on necrotizing fasciitis, one of the most challenging infections in the head and neck region has also been mentioned along with information about wound dressings. Recent advances in the management of soft tissue injuries like use of growth factors, bioengineered skin substitutes and stem cell therapy are enumerated for the readers to encourage them about futuristic approaches. The authors hope that the readership attains a holistic knowledge about various aspects of the soft tissue injuries and their management.
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Payne, Christopher, and Andrew Kjos. "Wounds and Injuries." In A Beginner’s Guide to Special Makeup Effects, 89–94. New York : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003093701-19.

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Petty, John K. "Neck Injuries." In Fundamentals of Pediatric Surgery, 139–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27443-0_18.

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Masiakos, Peter T., and George C. Velmahos. "Neck Injuries." In Fundamentals of Pediatric Surgery, 117–21. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6643-8_16.

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Sölveborn, Sven-Anders. "Neck Injuries." In Emergency Orthopedics, 141–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41854-9_22.

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Athanasiou, Antonios. "Neck Injuries." In Hot Topics in Acute Care Surgery and Trauma, 215–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34116-9_16.

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Petty, John K. "Neck Injuries." In Fundamentals of Pediatric Surgery, 203–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07524-7_20.

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Penn, Edward B., Charissa M. Lake, and Romeo C. Ignacio. "Neck Injuries." In Pediatric Trauma Care, 201–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08667-0_16.

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Babar, Syed Maqbool Ahmad. "latrogenic Injuries." In Neck Injuries, 37–38. London: Springer London, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0787-3_11.

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Babar, Syed Maqbool Ahmad. "Laryngeal Injuries." In Neck Injuries, 121–27. London: Springer London, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0787-3_31.

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Conference papers on the topic "Neck – Wounds and injuries"

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Gordon, Jeffrey, Florentina M. Gantoi, Som P. Singh, and Anand Prabhakaran. "Development of a Secondary Impact Protection System (SIPS) for Locomotive Crew." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6199.

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In this study, a Secondary Impact Protection System (SIPS) consisting of an airbag and a deformable knee bolster for use on a modern freight locomotive was developed and tested. During rail vehicle collisions, a modern locomotive designed to current crashworthiness requirements should provide sufficient survival space to the engineer in cab. However, without additional protection against secondary impacts, a locomotive engineer could be subjected to head, neck, and femur injuries that exceed the limits specified in the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS 208). The SIPS study aimed to design a system that would control these injuries within the limiting criteria. Simulation results for the design concept showed that it would meet the FMVSS 208 criteria for the head, neck, chest, and femur, injuries and continuing to meet all existing functional requirements of the locomotive cab. A sled testing of the prototype showed that to optimize the SIPS, further airbag design modifications, characterization and testing are required.
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Galmarini, Gianmarco, Massimiliano Gobbi, Gianpiero Mastinu, and Giorgio Previati. "A Method for the Assessment of the Dynamic Performance of Neck Protection Devices." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12921.

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In this paper a method for the evaluation of the dynamic performance of neck protection devices for motorcyclists is presented. The research project involves both experimental and numerical activities. An impulsive load is applied to the head of a 50th percentile male Hybrid III dummy while wearing a helmet by means of a pendulum of calibrated mass starting from a well-defined initial condition. The impact load and the load at the neck of the dummy are measured by means of two six axes load cells. Additionally, head linear and rotational accelerations are measured. The test procedure shows a very good repeatability and allows for the comparison of the force passing through the neck with and without neck protection devices. Since neck protection devices should work in situations in which no relevant head injuries are present, the experimental parameters (pendulum mass and speed) are chosen to cause a high probability of injuries to the neck together with a low probability of damages to the head while wearing a standard helmet. Injury indices, found in the literature, have been used to determine the neck injury level. A multibody model of the human neck, developed in Matlab™ SimMechanics™, is validated by using the data acquired during the tests. A study of real-world crashes has allowed the identification of reference impact scenarios which have been simulated by using the multibody model. The validated model is suitable to determine the chance that a motorcyclist would have significant neck injury with or without a neck protecting device.
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Luan, Feng, Longmao Zhao, and King H. Yang. "Computer Simulations of Human Neck Loads in a Car Equipped With an Airbag." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0079.

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Abstract It has been shown that driver fatalities in frontal collisions were reduced by 28% in airbag-equipped cars based on comparisons with similar cars equipped with manual lap/shoulder belts only (Zador and Ciccone, 1991). A similar finding was reported by the Department of Transportation that driver fatality rates in airbag equipped cars were reduced by 31% in purely frontal crashes (12:00 point of impact on the vehicle), and 19% in all frontal crashes (10:00 to 2:00). About 10% of drivers of vehicles with airbags involved in accidents received moderate to severe injuries. Most, if not all, of these people would have been more seriously injured or killed without the airbag. In a recent report to Congress, NHTSA estimated that airbags have saved 1,198 lives from 1987 through 1995, including 475 lives saved in 1995 alone.
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Ott, Kyle, Liming Voo, Andrew Merkle, Alexander Iwaskiw, Alexis Wickwire, Brock Wester, and Robert Armiger. "Experimental Determination of Pressure Wave Transmission to the Brain During Head-Neck Blast Tests." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14834.

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Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has been the termed the “signature injury” in wounded soldiers in recent military operations [1]. Evidence has shown a strong association between TBI and blast loading to the head due to exposure to explosive events [2, 3]. Head injury mechanisms in a primary blast environment remain elusive and are the subject of much speculation and hypotheses. However, brain injury mechanisms have traditionally been attributed to either a direct impact or a rapid head acceleration or deceleration. Extensive research has been performed regarding the effects of blunt trauma and inertial loading on head injuries [4, 5]. Direct impacts to the head can largely be described based on linear acceleration measurements that correlate to skull fracture and focal brain injuries [6]. Computational head modeling of blunt impact events has shown that the linear acceleration response correlates well with increases in brain pressure [7]. Intracranial pressure, therefore, has been one of the major quantities investigated for correlation to blast induced TBI injury mechanisms [8–14].
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Chontos, Rafael, Daniel Grindle, Alexandrina Untaroiu, Zachary Doerzaph, and Costin Untaroiu. "A Finite Element Model of an Electric Scooter for Simulating Traffic Accidents." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-90669.

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Abstract In the past several years, injuries caused by electric scooter accidents have significantly increased in areas serviced by scooter ride-share companies. The majority of injuries observed are mild to moderate in severity. In this study, a FE model of an electric scooter accident was created to observe the effect that impact speed and the type of ground have on the risk of severe injury to the rider. A FE standing Hybrid III dummy was calibrated against the certification test data using optimization techniques. To model a scooter-bump accident, the calibrated HIII FE model was placed on the scooter to mimic how a rider would stand on an electric scooter. Three scooter-bump impact simulations were run where the impact speeds were either 4.48 m/s or 3.2 m/s. The ground was similarly switched between soil and concrete. The simulation where the dummy fell on a concrete surface resulted in the highest risk of severe injury to the rider. Furthermore, the results concurred with previous literature that the head/neck region presented one of the biggest risks of severe injury. It is believed that the models developed in this study could be used in future to improve the e-scooter riders’ safety by development of new safety.
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Akpinar, Seyda, Parisa Saboori, and Graham Walker. "Accelerations and Jerks Associated With Shaken Baby Syndrome." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52450.

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Shaken Baby Syndrome is a collection of injuries that have been associated with the violent shaking of an infant or small child. These injuries can then lead to serious brain damage or even death. It is therefore important to identify the exact mechanism that leads from the shaking to the observed injuries, but little experimental work has been done in this area. The first part of this study was designed to identify if a correlation exists between the physical characteristics of a person shaking a crash test dummy (CRABI) and the resulting accelerations and jerks associated with the motion of the dummy’s head. This was done by placing a three axis accelerometer in the head and two in the body (one in the chest and one in the groin) of a median twelve month old male dummy to determine the acceleration of the head and body. In particular, the relative angular acceleration and jerk of the head relative to the body was determined, since it was felt to be a better predictor of brain damage than would be the absolute linear acceleration of the head. Similar work has been done in the past; however that study only considered the absolute acceleration of the head, and in only one direction. Since the present study allows the attitude of the head to be determined, a true relative angular acceleration of the head relative to the body was found. Consequently, it was found that no strong correlation existed between the absolute linear acceleration and any body characteristic, however a correlation (R2) of 0.6 was found to exist between the body weight of the shaker and the maximum angular jerk of the dummy’s head relative to its body, as compared to only a correlation of 0.5 when the shaker’s body weight was compared to the absolute linear acceleration of the head. A two dimensional dynamic simulation was also developed that modelled the behavior of a child crash test dummy. The model included the legs, torso, and head of the dummy, and the elastic behavior of the neck. The model was created to allow the associated accelerations and jerks to be determined for inputs of various magnitude and temporal profiles. The model was then validated by comparing the simulation results to the test results obtained from the experimental study described above.
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Pintar, Frank A., Srirangam Kumaresan, Brian Stemper, Narayan Yoganandan, and Thomas A. Gennarelli. "Finite Element Modeling of Penetrating Traumatic Brain Injuries." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2602.

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Abstract Recent advances in the treatment of penetrating gunshot wounds to the head have saved lives. These advances are largely reported using retrospective analysis of patients with recommendations for treatment. Biomechanical quantification of intracranial deformation/stress distribution associated with the type of weapon (e.g., projectile geometry) will advance clinical understanding of the mechanics of penetrating wounds. The present study was designed to delineate the biomechanical behavior of the human head under penetrating impact of two different projectile geometries using a nonlinear, three-dimensional finite element model. The human head model included the skull and brain. The qualitative comparison of the model output with each type of projectile during various time steps indicates that the deformation/stress progresses as the projectile penetrates the tissue. There is also a distinct difference in the patterns of displacement for each type of projectile. The present study is a first step in the study of the biomechanics of penetrating traumatic brain injuries.
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Hashemi, Siavash, Sharlin Anwar, Shahab Mansoorbaghaei, and Ali M. Sadegh. "The Influence of Sulci Trabeculae in Mitigating Impact Induced TBI." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70905.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an intracranial injury caused by impacts or angular accelerations of the head such as a violent blow, a bump, a projectile, or even a blast. TBI is a major problem that accounts for over 1.4 million emergency room visits in US. Thus, it is important to understand and predict the occurrence of TBI. Previous studies have shown that the interaction between the subarachnoid space (SAS) trabeculae and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays an important role in damping the effect of impacts and reducing the brain injuries. However, the influence of sulci parameters and sulci trabeculae in impact induced TBI is still unexplored. A few studies have shown that inclusion of sulci in brain models alters the brain injuries conclusions, even though those models do not take into account the trabecular tissue present in the sulci. In this study, to obtain a perspective of the morphology and architecture of the sulci trabeculae at the frontal lobe of the brain, Human cadaver brain of an 87 year old male was used. For the first experiment, several sulci from the frontal lobe were sectioned and measured to find the average sulci depth, using the image processing software called ‘ImageJ’. This experiment was followed by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) study on the samples prepared from the frontal lobe. Indeed, numerous images were taken at various magnifications to find different trabecular morphology and architecture in the sulci. The results from the experimental studies were used in our numerical analyses. To do so, the validated global 3D FE model of the human head and neck, created at The City College of New York, were impacted by a rigid barrier on the forehead. The pressure time history, beneath the skull, was calculated during and after the impact. Moreover, a local 3D FE model has been created, having the meninges and the brain with sulci, including the trabeculae and the CSF. The depth of the sulci and the architecture of the trabeculae have been inspired by the imaging and SEM studies. Indeed, the top surface of the local model was subjected to the pressure loading condition obtained from the global model. The results of the finite element simulations reveal that the interaction between the trabeculae and the CSF inside the sulci, would affect and reduce the movement and displacement of gyri and sulci’s walls when the forehead of the head is impacted by an elastic barrier.
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Lamping, Jeffrey W., Stephen K. Bubb, and Terence E. McIff. "Effectiveness of Negative Pressure in Promoting Tissue Growth Into Porous Metal Implants." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80884.

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Extremity War Injuries (EWI) with large open segmental and periarticular defects constitute a high volume and high morbidity challenge for the military trauma management system. Open segmental tibia and elbow fractures caused by Improvised Explosive Device (IED) wounds, are two examples of such injuries. Several problems occur when trying to repair such a wound. The large, gaping wounds make skin closure difficult. Infection is also a prevalent complication typically caused by debris contaminating the wound. Lastly, large amounts of damaged tissue including segmental bone defects make repair difficult.
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Prange, Michael, William Newberry, Tara Moore, Daniel Peterson, Brian Smyth, and Catherine Corrigan. "Inertial Neck Injuries in Children Involved in Frontal Collisions." In SAE World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-1170.

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Reports on the topic "Neck – Wounds and injuries"

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Wade, Amber L., Judy L. Dye, Charlene R. Mohrle, and Michael R. Galarneau. Head, Face, and Neck Injuries During Operation Iraqi Freedom II: Results From the US Navy and Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada445195.

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An elevator construction foreman was caught under an elevator car and died of injuries to the head and neck and compression asphyxia. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface96md055.

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