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Journal articles on the topic 'Necrotroph'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Shi, Gongjun, Zengcui Zhang, Timothy L. Friesen, et al. "The hijacking of a receptor kinase–driven pathway by a wheat fungal pathogen leads to disease." Science Advances 2, no. 10 (2016): e1600822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600822.

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Necrotrophic pathogens live and feed on dying tissue, but their interactions with plants are not well understood compared to biotrophic pathogens. The wheatSnn1gene confers susceptibility to strains of the necrotrophic pathogenParastagonospora nodorumthat produce the SnTox1 protein. We report the positional cloning ofSnn1, a member of the wall-associated kinase class of receptors, which are known to drive pathways for biotrophic pathogen resistance. Recognition of SnTox1 bySnn1activates programmed cell death, which allows this necrotroph to gain nutrients and sporulate. These results demonstra

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2

McGrann, Graham R. D., Steven Miller, and Neil D. Havis. "The ENHANCED MAGNAPORTHE RESISTANCE 1 locus affects Ramularia leaf spot development in barley." European Journal of Plant Pathology 156, no. 1 (2019): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01869-x.

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AbstractRamularia leaf spot (RLS) is a newly-important disease of barley which is caused when the fungus Ramularia collo-cygni enters necrotrophic development during colonisation of the host. Mutant alleles at the barley MILDEW LOCUS O, mlo, locus confer broad spectrum durable resistance against the powdery mildew fungus, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, but can enhance susceptibility to pathogens with necrotrophic development stages such as R. collo-cygni. Given the importance of mlo in spring barley breeding programmes, identifying loci that mitigate the effect of mlo-mediated susceptibility

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3

Laluk, Kristin, and Tesfaye Mengiste. "Necrotroph Attacks on Plants: Wanton Destruction or Covert Extortion?" Arabidopsis Book 8 (January 2010): e0136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1199/tab.0136.

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4

Liang, Xiaofei, and Jeffrey A. Rollins. "Mechanisms of Broad Host Range Necrotrophic Pathogenesis in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Phytopathology® 108, no. 10 (2018): 1128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-06-18-0197-rvw.

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Among necrotrophic fungi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is remarkable for its extremely broad host range and for its aggressive host tissue colonization. With full genome sequencing, transcriptomic analyses and the increasing pace of functional gene characterization, the factors underlying the basis of this broad host range necrotrophic pathogenesis are now being elucidated at a greater pace. Among these, genes have been characterized that are required for infection via compound appressoria in addition to genes associated with colonization that regulate oxalic acid (OA) production and OA catabolism

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5

Craven, Kelly D., Heriberto Vélëz, Yangrae Cho, Christopher B. Lawrence, and Thomas K. Mitchell. "Anastomosis Is Required for Virulence of the Fungal Necrotroph Alternaria brassicicola." Eukaryotic Cell 7, no. 4 (2008): 675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00423-07.

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ABSTRACTA fungal mycelium is typically composed of radially extending hyphal filaments interconnected by bridges created through anastomoses. These bridges facilitate the dissemination of nutrients, water, and signaling molecules throughout the colony. In this study, we used targeted gene deletion and nitrate utilization mutants of the cruciferous pathogenAlternaria brassicicolaand two closely related species to investigate hyphal fusion (anastomosis) and its role in the ability of fungi to cause disease. All eight of theA. brassicicolaisolates tested, as well asA. mimiculaandA. japonica, were

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6

Derbyshire, Mark C., and Sylvain Raffaele. "Till death do us pair: Co-evolution of plant–necrotroph interactions." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 76 (December 2023): 102457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102457.

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7

Sierota, Zbigniew, and Wojciech Grodzki. "Picea abies–Armillaria–Ips: A Strategy or Coincidence?" Forests 11, no. 9 (2020): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11091023.

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Norway spruce trees weakened by soil drought and progressive die-off of mycorrhizas in root systems become susceptible to infection by rhizomorphs of Armillaria spp. The developing mycelium of this necrotroph induces resin channels in wood, and the induced resin releases some volatile compounds which falsely signal bark beetles that it is safe to invade the host. As a result of the developing beetle outbreak, host trees die, becoming a long-term stock of substrate for the fungus in its saprotrophic stage. This hypothesis is discussed as a fungal survival strategy.

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8

Ederli, Luisa, Gianandrea Salerno, and Mara Quaglia. "In the tripartite combination Botrytis cinerea–Arabidopsis–Eurydema oleracea, the fungal pathogen alters the plant–insect interaction via jasmonic acid signalling activation and inducible plant-emitted volatiles." Journal of Plant Research 134, no. 3 (2021): 523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10265-021-01273-9.

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AbstractIn ecosystems, plants are continuously challenged by combined stress conditions more than by a single biotic or abiotic factor. Consequently, in recent years studies on plant relationships with multiple stresses have aroused increasing interest. Here, the impact of inoculation with fungal pathogens with different lifestyles on Arabidopsis plants response to the following infestation with the invasive crop pest Eurydema oleracea was investigated. In particular, as fungal pathogens the necrotroph Botrytis cinerea and the biotroph Golovinomyces orontii were used. Plants exposed to B. cine

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9

Falconieri, Gaia Salvatore, Laura Bertini, Matteo Fiaschetti, et al. "Arabidopsis GLYI4 Reveals Intriguing Insights into the JA Signaling Pathway and Plant Defense." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 22 (2024): 12162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms252212162.

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Plant hormones play a central role in various physiological functions and mediate defense responses against (a)biotic stresses. Jasmonic acid (JA) has emerged as one of the key phytohormones involved in the response to necrotrophic pathogens. Under stressful conditions, plants can also produce small molecules, such as methylglyoxal (MG), a cytotoxic aldehyde. The enzymes glyoxalase I (GLYI) and glyoxalase II primarily detoxify MG. In Arabidopsis thaliana, GLYI4 has been recently characterized as having a crucial role in MG detoxification and emerging involvement in the JA pathway. Here, we inv

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10

Kumari, Anita, Abhijeet Ghatak, and Srinivasaraghavan A. "Biochemical responses of soil-borne necrotroph Sclerotium rolfsii during the pathogenesis on chickpea." International Journal of Chemical Studies 8, no. 1 (2020): 2596–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i1an.8661.

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11

Tripathi, Ashutosh, Ved Prakash Giri, Shipra Pandey, et al. "Dismantling of necrotroph Alternaria alternata by cellular intervention of Peppermint Oil Nanoemulsion (PNE)." Microbial Pathogenesis 197 (December 2024): 107041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107041.

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12

Bailey, Bryan A., Shahin S. Ali, Mary D. Strem, and Lyndel W. Meinhardt. "Morphological variants of Moniliophthora roreri on artificial media and the biotroph/necrotroph shift." Fungal Biology 122, no. 7 (2018): 701–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2018.03.003.

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13

Dubey, Manish K., Milind H. Gajbhiye, and Ram S. Upadhyay. "Achlya bisexualis (Achlyaceae, Saprolegniales, Oomycota) – A new record for India." Nova Hedwigia 111, no. 1 (2020): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2020/0589.

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In the present report, Achlya bisexualis Coker and Couch is isolated, described and illustrated based on morpho-physiological characteristics and molecular analysis. The oogonial thallus of this dioecious (heterothallic) species is mainly recognized by the presence of predominantly spherical or pyriform gemmae and spherical or obpyriform oogonia with non-maturing oospores. The isolated specimen was identified by sequences comparison of the D1/D2 domains of the LSU and ITS-rDNA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first confirmed record in India of Achlya bisexualis, known in the literatu

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14

Boyarkina, S. V., Yu V. Omelichkina, O. D. Volkova, A. G. Enikeev, V. V. Verkhoturov, and T. N. Shafikova. "RESPONSE OF NICOTIANA TABACUM ON THE IMPACT OF BIOTROPH CLAVIBACTER MICHIGANENSIS AND NECROTROPH PECTOBACTERIUM CAROTOVORUM." Proceedings of universities. Applied chemistry and biotechnology 6, no. 3 (2016): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2016-6-3-42-49.

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15

Willoughby, L. G., and R. J. Roberts. "Occurrence of the sewage fungus Leptomitus lacteus, a necrotroph on perch (Perca fluviatilis), in Windermere." Mycological Research 95, no. 6 (1991): 755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80827-7.

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16

Sarkar, Tuhin Subhra, Pranjal Biswas, Subrata Kumar Ghosh, and Sanjay Ghosh. "Nitric Oxide Production by Necrotrophic Pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina and the Host Plant in Charcoal Rot Disease of Jute: Complexity of the Interplay between Necrotroph–Host Plant Interactions." PLoS ONE 9, no. 9 (2014): e107348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107348.

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17

Akhtar, Nishar, Shahina Perween Shahina Perween2, Abdul Ansari, and Md Ahmad. "Life style of fungi from Biotrophy to Necrotrophy and Saprotrophy." International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences 1, no. 1 (2020): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2020.1118.

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Plant pathogenic fungi causes’ economic menace to crop production throughout the world. On the basis of their life styles they may be classified as biotrophs, hemibiotrophs and necrotrophs. For biotrophs it is mandatory to thrive on living host cell and tissues and often found to secrete a little amount of cell wall degrading enzymes and certain effector molecules for suppressing plant host defense mechanism. Necrotrophs survive on dead host cell and tissues which are killed by them before or during infection. Hemibiotrophs in their early stage of life behave as biotrophs and become necrotroph

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18

Jeffries, Peter. "Biology and ecology of mycoparasitism." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 1284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-389.

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The term mycoparasitism applies strictly to those relationships in which one living fungus acts as a nutrient source for another, but fungicolous relationships may also be included in which nutrient exchange has not been shown. Fungicolous fungi have a constant but indeterminate association with another fungus, and it can be difficult to demonstrate a true parasitic relationship. Mycoparasitic relationships can be necrotrophic or biotrophic, and can be classified on the basis of the host–parasite interface as contact necrotrophs, invasive necrotrophs, haustorial biotrophs, intracellular biotro

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19

Liang, Kuan, Jianbin Lan, Baoquan Wang, Yuanyuan Liu, Qi Lu, and Pu Liu. "High-Quality Genome Resource of the Pathogen of Botryosphaeria dothidea Causing Kiwifruit Soft Rot." PhytoFrontiers™ 1, no. 2 (2021): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phytofr-07-20-0006-a.

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Kiwifruit soft rot caused by the fungal pathogen Botryosphaeria dothidea is a serious disease in kiwifruit-growing regions worldwide. In this study, we reported the high-quality genome sequence of the highly virulent B. dothidea strain PTZ1 using PacBio Sequel techniques. In total, 100.87 million clean reads with mean read length of 9,871 bp were obtained. De novo assembly resulted in 28 contigs with a total size of 44.45 Mb. The GC content of the genome was 54.59%. Furthermore, genes related to specific virulence of the strain were identified, including 259 fungal cytochrome P450s, 550 carboh

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20

Azevedo, H., T. Lino-Neto, and R. M. Tavares. "The Necrotroph Botrytis cinerea Induces a Non-Host Type II Resistance Mechanism in Pinus pinaster Suspension-Cultured Cells." Plant and Cell Physiology 49, no. 3 (2008): 386–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcn015.

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21

Goodwin, Paul H., and Grace Y. J. Chen. "Expression of a glycogen synthase protein kinase homolog from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. malvae during infection of Malva pusilla." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 48, no. 11 (2002): 1035–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w02-102.

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The potential role of a GSK3 protein kinase homolog, cggsk, was examined from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. malvae, a fungal pathogen of Malva pusilla. A peak in cggsk expression relative to a constitutively expressed fungal actin gene occurred during host penetration and was followed by much lower expression levels during subsequent biotrophic and necrotrophic growth in host tissue. The peak level of cggsk expression observed during penetration was 21-fold greater than that during necrotrophic growth. Expression of cggsk showed small but reproducible changes during growth in culture; h

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22

Melton, Rachel E., Lynda M. Flegg, James K. M. Brown, Richard P. Oliver, Michael J. Daniels, and Anne E. Osbourn. "Heterologous Expression of Septoria lycopersici Tomatinase in Cladosporium fulvum: Effects on Compatible and Incompatible Interactions with Tomato Seedlings." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 11, no. 3 (1998): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.3.228.

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The anti-fungal, steroidal, glycoalkaloid saponin, α-tomatine, is present in uninfected tomato plants in substantial concentrations, and may contribute to the protection of tomato plants against attack by phytopathogenic fungi. In general, successful fungal pathogens of tomato are more resistant to α-tomatine in vitro than fungi that do not infect this plant. For a number of tomato pathogens, this resistance has been associated with the ability to detoxify α-tomatine through the action of enzymes known as tomatinases. In contrast, the biotrophic tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum is sensitive

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23

Lorang, Jennifer. "Necrotrophic Exploitation and Subversion of Plant Defense: A Lifestyle or Just a Phase, and Implications in Breeding Resistance." Phytopathology® 109, no. 3 (2019): 332–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-18-0334-ia.

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Breeding disease-resistant plants is a critical, environmentally friendly component of any strategy to sustainably feed and clothe the 9.8 billion people expected to live on Earth by 2050. Here, I review current literature detailing plant defense responses as they relate to diverse biological outcomes; disease resistance, susceptibility, and establishment of mutualistic plant–microbial relationships. Of particular interest is the degree to which these outcomes are a function of plant-associated microorganisms’ lifestyles; biotrophic, hemibiotrophic, necrotrophic, or mutualistic. For the sake o

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24

Beccaccioli, Marzia, Manuel Salustri, Valeria Scala, et al. "The Effect of Fusarium verticillioides Fumonisins on Fatty Acids, Sphingolipids, and Oxylipins in Maize Germlings." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (2021): 2435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052435.

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Fusarium verticillioides causes multiple diseases of Zea mays (maize) including ear and seedling rots, contaminates seeds and seed products worldwide with toxic chemicals called fumonisins. The role of fumonisins in disease is unclear because, although they are not required for ear rot, they are required for seedling diseases. Disease symptoms may be due to the ability of fumonisins to inhibit ceramide synthase activity, the expected cause of lipids (fatty acids, oxylipins, and sphingolipids) alteration in infected plants. In this study, we explored the impact of fumonisins on fatty acid, oxyl

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25

Bennett, Sarita Jane, Ashmita Rijal Lamichhane, Linda L. Thomson, King Yin Lui, and Pippa J. Michael. "Impact of Fungicide Application and Host Genotype on Susceptibility of Brassica napus to Sclerotinia Stem Rot across the South-Western Australian Grain Belt: A Genotype × Environment × Management Study." Agronomy 11, no. 6 (2021): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061170.

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Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by the necrotroph Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lib. (de Bary), is a major disease of canola in Australia, greatly reducing yields in high infection years. This study investigated genotype by environment by management interactions at 25 sites across the south-west Australian grainbelt from 2017 to 2020. Up to 10 canola varieties were grown each year with +/− fungicide application at 30% flowering. Disease incidence was low, with less than 20% infection recorded across most sites. Most variation in yield occurred between sites, rather than by management or variety,

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Kariola, Tarja, Tiina A. Palomäki, Günter Brader, and E. Tapio Palva. "Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and Erwinia-Derived Elicitors HrpN and PehA Trigger Distinct but Interacting Defense Responses and Cell Death in Arabidopsis." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 16, no. 3 (2003): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2003.16.3.179.

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We have used an hrp-positive strain of the soft rot pathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora to elucidate plant responses to this bacterial necrotroph. Purified virulence determinants, harpin (HrpN) and polygalacturonase (PehA), were used as tools to facilitate this analysis. We show that HrpN elicits lesion formation in Arabidopsis and tobacco and triggers systemic resistance in Arabidopsis. Establishment of resistance is accompanied by the expression of salicylic acid (SA)-dependent, but also jasmonate/ethylene (JA/ET)-dependent, marker genes PR1 and PDF1.2, respectively, suggesting tha

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27

Chatterjee, Madhuvanti, Mrinmoy Mazumder, and Debabrata Basu. "Functional Analysis of the Promoter of a Glycosyl Hydrolase Gene Induced in Resistant Sinapis alba by Alternaria brassicicola." Phytopathology® 103, no. 8 (2013): 841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-11-12-0303-r.

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A putative family 3 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) gene showed significant differential expression in resistant Sinapis alba, compared with the susceptible Brassica juncea, as part of the initial responses during interaction with the necrotroph Alternaria brassicicola. To understand the mechanism of induction, the promoter was isolated and deletion analysis carried out. All the promoter fragments were fused with the β-glucuronidase gene and the expressions were studied in stable B. juncea transgenics and transiently transformed Nicotiana tabacum. Analysis of the expression of the promoter showed the

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28

De Vallée, Amelie, Jean-William Dupuy, Christine Moriscot, et al. "Extracellular Vesicles of the Plant Pathogen Botrytis cinerea." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 4 (2023): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9040495.

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Fungal secretomes are known to contain a multitude of components involved in nutrition, cell growth or biotic interactions. Recently, extra-cellular vesicles have been identified in a few fungal species. Here, we used a multidisciplinary approach to identify and characterize extracellular vesicles produced by the plant necrotroph Botrytis cinerea. Transmission electron microscopy of infectious hyphae and hyphae grown in vitro revealed extracellular vesicles of various sizes and densities. Electron tomography showed the co-existence of ovoid and tubular vesicles and pointed to their release via

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29

Macioszek, Violetta Katarzyna, Tomasz Jęcz, Iwona Ciereszko, and Andrzej Kiejstut Kononowicz. "Jasmonic Acid as a Mediator in Plant Response to Necrotrophic Fungi." Cells 12, no. 7 (2023): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12071027.

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Jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives, all named jasmonates, are the simplest phytohormones which regulate multifarious plant physiological processes including development, growth and defense responses to various abiotic and biotic stress factors. Moreover, jasmonate plays an important mediator’s role during plant interactions with necrotrophic oomycetes and fungi. Over the last 20 years of research on physiology and genetics of plant JA-dependent responses to pathogens and herbivorous insects, beginning from the discovery of the JA co-receptor CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1), research has spe

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30

Wytinck, Nick, Dylan J. Ziegler, Philip L. Walker, et al. "Host induced gene silencing of the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ABHYDROLASE-3 gene reduces disease severity in Brassica napus." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (2022): e0261102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261102.

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Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a pathogenic fungus that infects hundreds of crop species, causing extensive yield loss every year. Chemical fungicides are used to control this phytopathogen, but with concerns about increasing resistance and impacts on non-target species, there is a need to develop alternative control measures. In the present study, we engineered Brassica napus to constitutively express a hairpin (hp)RNA molecule to silence ABHYRDOLASE-3 in S. sclerotiorum. We demonstrate the potential for Host Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS) to protect B. napus from S. sclerotiorum using leaf, stem

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31

Passos, J. L., L. C. A. Barbosa, A. J. Demuner, R. W. Barreto, B. King-Diaz, and B. Lotina-Hennsen. "Effects of Corynespora cassiicola on Lantana camara." Planta Daninha 28, no. 2 (2010): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582010000200001.

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The present study combines the examination of toxins produced by C. cassiicola and the effects of the fungus colonization on L. camara. C. cassiicola was cultivated on solid media and the crude extracts CAE and CE were produced. Both extracts were submitted to a seed germination and growth assay utilizing Physalis ixocarpa, Trifolium alexandrinum, Lolium multiflorum and Amaranthus hypochodriacus. The effect of the extracts on the ATP-synthesis in isolated spinach chloroplasts was also tested. Bioassay guided chromatographic fractionation identified the most active extract (CAE). From this extr

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Rodríguez-Pires, Silvia, Paloma Melgarejo, Antonieta De Cal, and Eduardo A. Espeso. "Pectin as Carbon Source for Monilinia laxa Exoproteome and Expression Profiles of Related Genes." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 33, no. 9 (2020): 1116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-01-20-0019-r.

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Pectin, as part of the fruit cell wall, can be degraded by brown rot fungi by coordinating the production, secretion, and action of extracellular enzymes. In this study, pectin utilization by the necrotroph Monilinia laxa 8L was studied by in vitro and in silico approaches. A total of 403 genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were identified, including 38 coding a predicted pectin-degrading activity. Analyzing the differences between M. laxa 8L exoproteomes in media containing glucose and pectin as sole carbon sources, we identified 107 pectin-specific proteins, among them, 64.4

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De Vleesschauwer, David, Pierre Cornelis, and Monica Höfte. "Redox-Active Pyocyanin Secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7NSK2 Triggers Systemic Resistance to Magnaporthe grisea but Enhances Rhizoctonia solani Susceptibility in Rice." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 19, no. 12 (2006): 1406–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-19-1406.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7NSK2 induces resistance in dicots through a synergistic interaction of the phenazine pyocyanin and the salicylic acid-derivative pyochelin. Root inoculation of the monocot model rice with 7NSK2 partially protected leaves against blast disease (Magnaporthe grisea) but failed to consistently reduce sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani). Only mutations interfering with pyocyanin production led to a significant decrease in induced systemic resistance (ISR) to M. grisea, and in trans complementation for pyocyanin production restored the ability to elicit ISR. Intriguingly, pyoc

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Brader, Günter, Armin Djamei, Markus Teige, E. Tapio Palva, and Heribert Hirt. "The MAP Kinase Kinase MKK2 Affects Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 20, no. 5 (2007): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-20-5-0589.

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The Arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase 2 (MKK2) was shown to mediate cold and salt stress responses through activation of the two MAP kinases MPK4 and MPK6. Transcriptome analysis of plants expressing constitutively active MKK2 (MKK2-EE plants) showed altered expression of genes induced by abiotic stresses but also a significant number of genes involved in defense responses. Both MPK4 and MPK6 became rapidly activated upon Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 infection and MKK2-EE plants showed enhanced levels of MPK4 activation. Although MKK2-EE plants shared enhance

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Loehrer, Marco, Caspar Langenbach, Katharina Goellner, Uwe Conrath, and Ulrich Schaffrath. "Characterization of Nonhost Resistance of Arabidopsis to the Asian Soybean Rust." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 21, no. 11 (2008): 1421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-21-11-1421.

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Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is a devastating disease of soybean. We report the use of the nonhost plant Arabidopsis thaliana to identify the genetic basis of resistance to P. pachyrhizi. Upon attack by P. pachyrhizi, epidermal cells of wild-type Arabidopsis accumulated H2O2, which likely orchestrates the frequently observed epidermal cell death. However, even when epidermal cell death occurred, fungal hyphae grew on and infection was terminated at the mesophyll boundary. These events were associated with expression of PDF1.2, suggesting that P. pachyrhizi, an ost

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Mansfield, J., I. Brown, and M. Papp‐Rupar. "Life at the edge – the cytology and physiology of the biotroph to necrotroph transition in Hymenoscyphus fraxineus during lesion formation in ash." Plant Pathology 68, no. 5 (2019): 908–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13014.

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Temmerman, R., H. Vervaeren, B. Noseda, N. Boon, and W. Verstraete. "Necrotrophic Growth of Legionella pneumophila." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 6 (2006): 4323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00070-06.

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ABSTRACT This study examined whether Legionella pneumophila is able to thrive on heat-killed microbial cells (necrotrophy) present in biofilms or heat-treated water systems. Quantification by means of plate counting, real-time PCR, and flow cytometry demonstrated necrotrophic growth of L. pneumophila in water after 96 h, when at least 100 dead cells are available to one L. pneumophila cell. Compared to the starting concentration of L. pneumophila, the maximum observed necrotrophic growth was 1.89 log units for real-time PCR and 1.49 log units for plate counting. The average growth was 1.57 ï¿½

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Rahman, Taha Abd El, Mohamed El Oirdi, Rocio Gonzalez-Lamothe, and Kamal Bouarab. "Necrotrophic Pathogens Use the Salicylic Acid Signaling Pathway to Promote Disease Development in Tomato." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 25, no. 12 (2012): 1584–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-07-12-0187-r.

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Plants use different immune pathways to combat pathogens. The activation of the jasmonic acid (JA)-signaling pathway is required for resistance against necrotrophic pathogens; however, to combat biotrophic pathogens, the plants activate mainly the salicylic acid (SA)-signaling pathway. SA can antagonize JA signaling and vice versa. NPR1 (noninducible pathogenesis-related 1) is considered a master regulator of SA signaling. NPR1 interacts with TGA transcription factors, ultimately leading to the activation of SA-dependent responses. SA has been shown to promote disease development caused by the

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Nováková, Miroslava, Vladimír Šašek, Petre I. Dobrev, Olga Valentová, and Lenka Burketová. "Plant hormones in defense response of Brassica napus to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum – Reassessing the role of salicylic acid in the interaction with a necrotroph." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 80 (July 2014): 308–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.04.019.

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Vicedo, Begonya, Víctor Flors, María de la O Leyva, et al. "Hexanoic Acid-Induced Resistance Against Botrytis cinerea in Tomato Plants." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 22, no. 11 (2009): 1455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-22-11-1455.

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We have demonstrated that root treatment with hexanoic acid protects tomato plants against Botrytis cinerea. Hexanoic acid-induced resistance (Hx-IR) was blocked in the jasmonic acid (JA)-insensitive mutant jai1 (a coi1 homolog) and in the abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutant flacca (flc). Upon infection, the LoxD gene as well as the oxylipin 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid and the bioactive molecule JA-Ile were clearly induced in treated plants. However, the basal ABA levels were not altered. Hexanoic acid primed callose deposition against B. cinerea in a cultivar-dependent manner. Treated plants fr

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Rojas, Damiana S., and Gregory S. Gilbert. "The Response of Botrytis cinerea to Fire in a Coast Redwood Forest." International Journal of Plant Biology 15, no. 1 (2024): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijpb15010008.

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Coast redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens) are long-lived trees that create deep shade and litter layers, and have limited recruitment from seedlings. Botrytis cinerea is an airborne fungal pathogen that attacks redwood seedlings. B. cinerea lives as a saprotroph in dead plant matter or as a necrotroph in live tissue. In the coast redwood forest, accumulated leaf litter may provide inoculum for subsequent infections, limiting redwood seedling recruitment. Here, we examine the response of B. cinerea to fire in the coast redwood forest. We measured the abundance of airborne B. cinerea spores in paire

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Sache, Ivan, and Claude de Vallavieille-Pope. "Classification of airborne plant pathogens based on sporulation and infection characteristics." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 8 (1995): 1186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-128.

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The infection cycles of 26 airborne fungal plant pathogens were compared using six monocyclic variables: latent period, infectious period, sporulation capacity, relative date of sporulation peak, lesion size, and infection efficiency. All variables were measured at the seedling stage in conditions highly conducive to disease development. Multivariate analyses of literature and experimental data were used to describe epidemic strategies based on compensation, addition, and multiplication effects between the monocyclic variables. A typology of fungi according to these effects is proposed, the ma

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López-Cruz, Jaime, Óscar Crespo-Salvador, and Carmen González-Bosch. "Infection with Botrytis cinerea that lacks NADPH oxidase provides new insights into the impact of the redox environment on plant responses against this necrotroph." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 120 (May 2018): S104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.344.

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Raiola, Alessandro, Vincenzo Lionetti, Ibrahim Elmaghraby, et al. "Pectin Methylesterase Is Induced in Arabidopsis upon Infection and Is Necessary for a Successful Colonization by Necrotrophic Pathogens." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 24, no. 4 (2011): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-07-10-0157.

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The ability of bacterial or fungal necrotrophs to produce enzymes capable of degrading pectin is often related to a successful initiation of the infective process. Pectin is synthesized in a highly methylesterified form and is subsequently de-esterified in muro by pectin methylesterase. De-esterification makes pectin more susceptible to the degradation by pectic enzymes such as endopolygalacturonases (endoPG) and pectate lyases secreted by necrotrophic pathogens during the first stages of infection. We show that, upon infection, Pectobacterium carotovorum and Botrytis cinerea induce in Arabido

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Anta-Fernández, Francisco, Daniela Santander-Gordón, Sioly Becerra, Rodrigo Santamaría, José María Díaz-Mínguez, and Ernesto Pérez Benito. "Nitric Oxide Metabolism Affects Germination in Botrytis cinerea and Is Connected to Nitrate Assimilation." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 7 (2022): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8070699.

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Nitric oxide regulates numerous physiological processes in species from all taxonomic groups. Here, its role in the early developmental stages of the fungal necrotroph Botrytis cinerea was investigated. Pharmacological analysis demonstrated that NO modulated germination, germ tube elongation and nuclear division rate. Experimental evidence indicates that exogenous NO exerts an immediate but transitory negative effect, slowing down germination-associated processes, and that this effect is largely dependent on the flavohemoglobin BCFHG1. The fungus exhibited a “biphasic response” to NO, being mo

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Agan, Ahto, Rein Drenkhan, Kalev Adamson, et al. "The Relationship between Fungal Diversity and Invasibility of a Foliar Niche—The Case of Ash Dieback." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 3 (2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6030150.

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European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is threatened by the invasive ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus originating from Asia. Ash leaf tissues serve as a route for shoot infection but also as a sporulation substrate for this pathogen. Knowledge of the leaf niche partitioning by indigenous fungi and H. fraxineus is needed to understand the fungal community receptiveness to the invasion. We subjected DNA extracted from unwashed and washed leaflets of healthy and diseased European ash to PacBio sequencing of the fungal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region. Leaflets from co-inhabiting rowan trees (Sorbus aucupa

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Nandi, Ashis, Wolfgang Moeder, Pradeep Kachroo, Daniel F. Klessig, and Jyoti Shah. "Arabidopsis ssi2-Conferred Susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea Is Dependent on EDS5 and PAD4." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 18, no. 4 (2005): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-18-0363.

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Loss of a stearoyl-ACP desaturase activity in the Arabidopsis thaliana ssi2 mutant confers susceptibility to the necrotroph, Botrytis cinerea. In contrast, the ssi2 mutant exhibits enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae, Peronospora parasitica, and Cucumber mosaic virus. The altered basal resistance to these pathogens in the ssi2 mutant plant is accompanied by the constitutive accumulation of elevated salicylic acid (SA) level and expression of the pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1) gene, the inability of jasmonic acid (JA) to activate expression of the defensin gene, PDF1.2, and the spontaneou

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Bhadauria, Vijai, Sabine Banniza, Albert Vandenberg, Gopalan Selvaraj, and Yangdou Wei. "Overexpression of a Novel Biotrophy-Specific Colletotrichum truncatum Effector, CtNUDIX, in Hemibiotrophic Fungal Phytopathogens Causes Incompatibility with Their Host Plants." Eukaryotic Cell 12, no. 1 (2012): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00192-12.

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ABSTRACT The hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum truncatum causes anthracnose disease on lentils and a few other grain legumes. It shows initial symptomless intracellular growth, where colonized host cells remain viable (biotrophy), and then switches to necrotrophic growth, killing the colonized host plant tissues. Here, we report a novel effector gene, CtNUDIX , from C. truncatum that is exclusively expressed during the late biotrophic phase (before the switch to necrotrophy) and elicits a hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death in tobacco leaves transiently expressing the effector. CtN

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Turrion-Gomez, Juan Luis, Arturo P. Eslava, and Ernesto P. Benito. "The flavohemoglobin BCFHG1 is the main NO detoxification system and confers protection against nitrosative conditions but is not a virulence factor in the fungal necrotroph Botrytis cinerea." Fungal Genetics and Biology 47, no. 5 (2010): 484–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2010.03.001.

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Fatima, Urooj, Priyadarshini Bhorali, Sudarshana Borah, and Muthappa Senthil-Kumar. "Perspectives on the utilization of resistance mechanisms from host and nonhost plants for durable protection of Brassica crops against Alternaria blight." PeerJ 7 (September 26, 2019): e7486. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7486.

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Background Alternaria brassicae, the causal organism of Alternaria blight, is a necrotroph infecting crops of the Brassicaceae family at all growth stages. To circumvent this problem, several disease management strategies are being used in the field, and disease-resistant varieties have also been developed. However, no strategy has proven completely successful, owing to the high variability in virulence among A. brassicae isolates, which causes a diverse spectrum of symptoms. Nonhost resistance (NHR) is a robust and broad-spectrum defense mechanism available in plants, and the exploitation of

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