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Journal articles on the topic 'Necrotrophic pathogens'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Shi, Gongjun, Zengcui Zhang, Timothy L. Friesen, et al. "The hijacking of a receptor kinase–driven pathway by a wheat fungal pathogen leads to disease." Science Advances 2, no. 10 (2016): e1600822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600822.

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Necrotrophic pathogens live and feed on dying tissue, but their interactions with plants are not well understood compared to biotrophic pathogens. The wheatSnn1gene confers susceptibility to strains of the necrotrophic pathogenParastagonospora nodorumthat produce the SnTox1 protein. We report the positional cloning ofSnn1, a member of the wall-associated kinase class of receptors, which are known to drive pathways for biotrophic pathogen resistance. Recognition of SnTox1 bySnn1activates programmed cell death, which allows this necrotroph to gain nutrients and sporulate. These results demonstra

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2

Rahman, Taha Abd El, Mohamed El Oirdi, Rocio Gonzalez-Lamothe, and Kamal Bouarab. "Necrotrophic Pathogens Use the Salicylic Acid Signaling Pathway to Promote Disease Development in Tomato." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 25, no. 12 (2012): 1584–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-07-12-0187-r.

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Plants use different immune pathways to combat pathogens. The activation of the jasmonic acid (JA)-signaling pathway is required for resistance against necrotrophic pathogens; however, to combat biotrophic pathogens, the plants activate mainly the salicylic acid (SA)-signaling pathway. SA can antagonize JA signaling and vice versa. NPR1 (noninducible pathogenesis-related 1) is considered a master regulator of SA signaling. NPR1 interacts with TGA transcription factors, ultimately leading to the activation of SA-dependent responses. SA has been shown to promote disease development caused by the

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3

Tan, Kar-Chun, Richard P. Oliver, Peter S. Solomon, and Caroline S. Moffat. "Proteinaceous necrotrophic effectors in fungal virulence." Functional Plant Biology 37, no. 10 (2010): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp10067.

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The host–pathogen interface can be considered as a biological battlefront. Molecules produced by both the pathogen and the host are critical factors determining the outcome of the interaction. Recent studies have revealed that an increasing number of necrotrophic fungal pathogens produce small proteinaceous effectors that are able to function as virulence factors. These molecules can cause tissue death in host plants that possess dominant sensitivity genes, leading to subsequent pathogen colonisation. Such effectors are only found in necrotrophic fungi, yet their roles in virulence are poorly

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4

Ghozlan, Mahmoud H., Eman EL-Argawy, Serkan Tokgöz, Dilip K. Lakshman, and Amitava Mitra. "Plant Defense against Necrotrophic Pathogens." American Journal of Plant Sciences 11, no. 12 (2020): 2122–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2020.1112149.

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5

Lorang, Jennifer. "Necrotrophic Exploitation and Subversion of Plant Defense: A Lifestyle or Just a Phase, and Implications in Breeding Resistance." Phytopathology® 109, no. 3 (2019): 332–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-18-0334-ia.

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Breeding disease-resistant plants is a critical, environmentally friendly component of any strategy to sustainably feed and clothe the 9.8 billion people expected to live on Earth by 2050. Here, I review current literature detailing plant defense responses as they relate to diverse biological outcomes; disease resistance, susceptibility, and establishment of mutualistic plant–microbial relationships. Of particular interest is the degree to which these outcomes are a function of plant-associated microorganisms’ lifestyles; biotrophic, hemibiotrophic, necrotrophic, or mutualistic. For the sake o

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6

Faris, Justin D., and Timothy L. Friesen. "Plant genes hijacked by necrotrophic fungal pathogens." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 56 (August 2020): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2020.04.003.

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7

Klemme, Sonja, Yorick De Smet, Bruno Cammue, and Marc De Block. "Selection of Salicylic Acid Tolerant Epilines in Brassica napus." Agronomy 9, no. 2 (2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9020092.

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Two of the major pathways involved in induced defense of plants against pathogens include the salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated pathways that act mainly against biotrophs and necrotrophs, respectively. However, some necrotrophic pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea, actively induce the SA pathway, resulting in cell death that allows the pathogen to proliferate in the plant. Starting from an isogenic canola (Brassica napus) line, epilines were selected with a reduced sensitivity to SA. The genes belonging to the SA pathway had an altered transcription profile in the SA-toleran

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8

Liang, Xiaofei, and Jeffrey A. Rollins. "Mechanisms of Broad Host Range Necrotrophic Pathogenesis in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Phytopathology® 108, no. 10 (2018): 1128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-06-18-0197-rvw.

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Among necrotrophic fungi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is remarkable for its extremely broad host range and for its aggressive host tissue colonization. With full genome sequencing, transcriptomic analyses and the increasing pace of functional gene characterization, the factors underlying the basis of this broad host range necrotrophic pathogenesis are now being elucidated at a greater pace. Among these, genes have been characterized that are required for infection via compound appressoria in addition to genes associated with colonization that regulate oxalic acid (OA) production and OA catabolism

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9

Csosz, Maria. "Occurrence of necrotrophic leaf pathogens in wheat and their relation to symptom development in Hungary (2000-2002)." Acta Agrobotanica 58, no. 1 (2012): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2005.002.

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1879-2720 leaf samples from 8-13 stations of Hungary were collected in March, April, May and June 2000-2002. <i>Drechslera tritici</i>-<i>repentis</i>, <i>Septoria tritici</i>, <i>Stagonospora nodorum</i> and <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> were found in the leaf samples. The occurrence of necrotrophic pathogens was highest (10,79%) in 2001 and lowest (2,63%) in 2002. The occurrence and rate of the necrotrophic pathogens changed significantly among years and locations. The resistance of cultivars based on natural infection could not be p

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10

Seifi, Hamed Soren, Jonas Van Bockhaven, Geert Angenon, and Monica Höfte. "Glutamate Metabolism in Plant Disease and Defense: Friend or Foe?" Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 26, no. 5 (2013): 475–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-07-12-0176-cr.

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Plant glutamate metabolism (GM) plays a pivotal role in amino acid metabolism and orchestrates crucial metabolic functions, with key roles in plant defense against pathogens. These functions concern three major areas: nitrogen transportation via the glutamine synthetase and glutamine-oxoglutarate aminotransferase cycle, cellular redox regulation, and tricarboxylic acid cycle-dependent energy reprogramming. During interactions with pathogens, the host GM is markedly altered, leading to either a metabolic state, termed “endurance”, in which cell viability is maintained, or to an opposite metabol

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11

McGrann, Graham R. D., Steven Miller, and Neil D. Havis. "The ENHANCED MAGNAPORTHE RESISTANCE 1 locus affects Ramularia leaf spot development in barley." European Journal of Plant Pathology 156, no. 1 (2019): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01869-x.

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AbstractRamularia leaf spot (RLS) is a newly-important disease of barley which is caused when the fungus Ramularia collo-cygni enters necrotrophic development during colonisation of the host. Mutant alleles at the barley MILDEW LOCUS O, mlo, locus confer broad spectrum durable resistance against the powdery mildew fungus, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, but can enhance susceptibility to pathogens with necrotrophic development stages such as R. collo-cygni. Given the importance of mlo in spring barley breeding programmes, identifying loci that mitigate the effect of mlo-mediated susceptibility

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12

Sache, Ivan, and Claude de Vallavieille-Pope. "Classification of airborne plant pathogens based on sporulation and infection characteristics." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 8 (1995): 1186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-128.

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The infection cycles of 26 airborne fungal plant pathogens were compared using six monocyclic variables: latent period, infectious period, sporulation capacity, relative date of sporulation peak, lesion size, and infection efficiency. All variables were measured at the seedling stage in conditions highly conducive to disease development. Multivariate analyses of literature and experimental data were used to describe epidemic strategies based on compensation, addition, and multiplication effects between the monocyclic variables. A typology of fungi according to these effects is proposed, the ma

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13

Ellis, Christine, Ioannis Karafyllidis, and John G. Turner. "Constitutive Activation of Jasmonate Signaling in an Arabidopsis Mutant Correlates with Enhanced Resistance to Erysiphe cichoracearum, Pseudomonas syringae, and Myzus persicae." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 15, no. 10 (2002): 1025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.10.1025.

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In Arabidopsis spp., the jasmonate (JA) response pathway generally is required for defenses against necrotrophic pathogens and chewing insects, while the salicylic acid (SA) response pathway is generally required for specific, resistance (R) gene-mediated defenses against both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. For example, SA-dependent defenses are required for resistance to the biotrophic fungal pathogen Erysiphe cichoracearum UCSC1 and the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola, and also are expressed during response to the green peach aphid Myzus persicae. However, rece

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14

Friesen, Timothy L., and Justin D. Faris. "Characterization of Effector–Target Interactions in Necrotrophic Pathosystems Reveals Trends and Variation in Host Manipulation." Annual Review of Phytopathology 59, no. 1 (2021): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-120320-012807.

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Great strides have been made in defining the details of the plant defense response involving biotrophic fungal and bacterial pathogens. The groundwork for the current model was laid by H.H. Flor and others who defined the gene-for-gene hypothesis, which is now known to involve effector-triggered immunity (ETI). PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) is also a highly effective response to most pathogens because of the recognition of common pathogen molecules by pattern recognition receptors. In this article, we consider the three pathogens that make up the foliar disease complex of wheat, Zymoseptoria t

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15

Glazebrook, Jane. "Contrasting Mechanisms of Defense Against Biotrophic and Necrotrophic Pathogens." Annual Review of Phytopathology 43, no. 1 (2005): 205–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.43.040204.135923.

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16

Pandey, Dinesh, Subin Raj Cheri Kunnumal Rajendran, Manu Gaur, P. K. Sajeesh, and Anil Kumar. "Plant Defense Signaling and Responses Against Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 35, no. 4 (2016): 1159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00344-016-9600-7.

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17

Solomon, Peter S. "Assessing the mycotoxigenic threat of necrotrophic pathogens of wheat." Mycotoxin Research 27, no. 4 (2011): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12550-011-0108-5.

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18

Laborde, Marie Caroline Ferreira, Deila Magna dos Santos Botelho, Gabriel Alfonso Alvarez Rodriguez, et al. "PHIALOMYCES MACROSPORUS REDUCES CERCOSPORA COFFEICOLA SURVIVAL ON SYMPTOMATIC COFFEE LEAVES." Coffee Science 14, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25186/cs.v14i1.1448.

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<p>Saprobe fungi and necrotrophic pathogens share the same niche within crop stubble and the search for fungi non-pathogenic to plants that are able to displace the plant pathogens from its overwintering substrate contributes to the disease management. Brown eye spot (<em>Cercospora coffeicola</em>) is among the most important coffee diseases, it is caused by a necrotrophic pathogen that has decaying leaves as its major source of inoculum. We have screened saprobe fungi for the ability to reduce <em>C. coffeicola</em> sporulation and viability and determined the p

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19

Son, Geon Hui, Jiyun Moon, Rahul Mahadev Shelake, et al. "Conserved Opposite Functions in Plant Resistance to Biotrophic and Necrotrophic Pathogens of the Immune Regulator SRFR1." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12 (2021): 6427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126427.

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Plant immunity is mediated in large part by specific interactions between a host resistance protein and a pathogen effector protein, named effector-triggered immunity (ETI). ETI needs to be tightly controlled both positively and negatively to enable normal plant growth because constitutively activated defense responses are detrimental to the host. In previous work, we reported that mutations in SUPPRESSOR OF rps4-RLD1 (SRFR1), identified in a suppressor screen, reactivated EDS1-dependent ETI to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000. Besides, mutations in SRFR1 boosted defense responses

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20

Raiola, Alessandro, Vincenzo Lionetti, Ibrahim Elmaghraby, et al. "Pectin Methylesterase Is Induced in Arabidopsis upon Infection and Is Necessary for a Successful Colonization by Necrotrophic Pathogens." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 24, no. 4 (2011): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-07-10-0157.

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The ability of bacterial or fungal necrotrophs to produce enzymes capable of degrading pectin is often related to a successful initiation of the infective process. Pectin is synthesized in a highly methylesterified form and is subsequently de-esterified in muro by pectin methylesterase. De-esterification makes pectin more susceptible to the degradation by pectic enzymes such as endopolygalacturonases (endoPG) and pectate lyases secreted by necrotrophic pathogens during the first stages of infection. We show that, upon infection, Pectobacterium carotovorum and Botrytis cinerea induce in Arabido

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21

Foroud, Nora A., Reyhaneh Pordel, Ravinder K. Goyal, et al. "Chemical Activation of the Ethylene Signaling Pathway Promotes Fusarium graminearum Resistance in Detached Wheat Heads." Phytopathology® 109, no. 5 (2019): 796–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-08-18-0286-r.

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Plant signaling hormones such as ethylene have been shown to affect the host response to various pathogens. Often, the resistance responses to necrotrophic fungi are mediated through synergistic interactions of ethylene (ET) with the jasmonate signaling pathway. On the other hand, ET is also an inducer of senescence and cell death, which could be beneficial for some invading necrotrophic pathogens. Fusarium graminearum, a causative agent in Fusarium head blight of wheat, is a hemibiotrophic pathogen, meaning it has both biotrophic and necrotrophic phases during the course of infection. However

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22

Vallélian-Bindschedler, Laurence, Jean-Pierre Métraux, and Patrick Schweizer. "Salicylic Acid Accumulation in Barley Is Pathogen Specific but Not Required for Defense-Gene Activation." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 11, no. 7 (1998): 702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.7.702.

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Barley (Hordeum vulgare) seedlings were inoculated with the biotrophic pathogen Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei, the biotrophic nonhost pathogen E. graminis f. sp. tritici, and the necrotrophic nonhost pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. The levels of free salicylic acid and of salicylic-acid conjugates remained low after infection with E. graminis f. sp. hordei or E. graminis f. sp. tritici while they increased after inoculation with P. syringae pv. syringae. Pathogenesis-related proteins PR1, PR3 (chitinase), PR5 (thaumatin-like), and PR9 (peroxidase) accumulated after inoculation wi

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23

Dobón, Albor, Juan Vicente Canet, Javier García-Andrade, et al. "Novel Disease Susceptibility Factors for Fungal Necrotrophic Pathogens in Arabidopsis." PLOS Pathogens 11, no. 4 (2015): e1004800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004800.

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24

Lai, Zhibing, and Tesfaye Mengiste. "Genetic and cellular mechanisms regulating plant responses to necrotrophic pathogens." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 16, no. 4 (2013): 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2013.06.014.

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25

Khare, Deepa, Hyunju Choi, Sung Un Huh, et al. "Arabidopsis ABCG34 contributes to defense against necrotrophic pathogens by mediating the secretion of camalexin." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 28 (2017): E5712—E5720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702259114.

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Plant pathogens cause huge yield losses. Plant defense often depends on toxic secondary metabolites that inhibit pathogen growth. Because most secondary metabolites are also toxic to the plant, specific transporters are needed to deliver them to the pathogens. To identify the transporters that function in plant defense, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants of full-size ABCG transporters for hypersensitivity to sclareol, an antifungal compound. We found that atabcg34 mutants were hypersensitive to sclareol and to the necrotrophic fungi Alternaria brassicicola and Botrytis cinerea. AtABCG34

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Geraats, Bart P. J., Peter A. H. M. Bakker, Christopher B. Lawrence, Enow A. Achuo, Monica Höfte, and L. C. van Loon. "Ethylene-Insensitive Tobacco Shows Differentially Altered Susceptibility to Different Pathogens." Phytopathology® 93, no. 7 (2003): 813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.7.813.

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Transgenic tobacco plants (Tetr) expressing the mutant etr1-1 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana are insensitive to ethylene and develop symptoms of wilting and stem rot when grown in nonautoclaved soil. Several isolates of Fusarium, Thielaviopsis, and Pythium were recovered from stems of diseased Tetr plants. Inoculation with each of these isolates of 6-week-old plants growing in autoclaved soil caused disease in Tetr plants but not in nontransformed plants. Also, when 2-week-old seedlings were used, nontransformed tobacco appeared nonsusceptible to the Fusarium isolates, whereas Tetr seedlings d

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27

Vleeshouwers, Vivianne G. A. A., and Richard P. Oliver. "Effectors as Tools in Disease Resistance Breeding Against Biotrophic, Hemibiotrophic, and Necrotrophic Plant Pathogens." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 27, no. 3 (2014): 196–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-10-13-0313-ia.

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One of most important challenges in plant breeding is improving resistance to the plethora of pathogens that threaten our crops. The ever-growing world population, changing pathogen populations, and fungicide resistance issues have increased the urgency of this task. In addition to a vital inflow of novel resistance sources into breeding programs, the functional characterization and deployment of resistance also needs improvement. Therefore, plant breeders need to adopt new strategies and techniques. In modern resistance breeding, effectors are emerging as tools to accelerate and improve the i

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Singh, Vijayata, Deepjyoti Singh, Janesh Kumar Gautam, and Ashis Kumar Nandi. "RSI1/FLD is a positive regulator for defense against necrotrophic pathogens." Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 107 (August 2019): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2019.04.005.

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29

Lenz, Heike D., Eva Haller, Eric Melzer, et al. "Autophagy differentially controls plant basal immunity to biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens." Plant Journal 66, no. 5 (2011): 818–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04546.x.

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30

Asai, Shuta, and Hirofumi Yoshioka. "Nitric Oxide as a Partner of Reactive Oxygen Species Participates in Disease Resistance to Necrotrophic Pathogen Botrytis cinerea in Nicotiana benthamiana." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 22, no. 6 (2009): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-22-6-0619.

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Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential regulatory molecule in plant immunity in synergy with reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, little is known about the role of NO in disease resistance to necrotrophic pathogens. NO and oxidative bursts were induced during necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea and Nicotiana benthamiana compatible interaction. Histochemical analyses showed that both NO and ROS were produced in adjacent cells of invaded areas in N. benthamiana leaves. Activation of salicylic acid–induced protein kinase, which regulates the radical burst, and several defense-related gene

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31

Thatcher, Louise, and Karam Singh. "The Arabidopsis altered in stress response2 is Impaired in Resistance to Root and Leaf Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens." Plants 8, no. 3 (2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8030060.

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The Arabidopsis thaliana Glutathione S-transferase Phi8 (GSTF8) gene is recognised as a marker for early defence and stress responses. To identify regulators of these responses, a forward genetic screen for Arabidopsis mutants with up-regulated GSTF8 promoter activity was conducted by screening a mutagenized population containing a GSTF8 promoter fragment fused to the luciferase reporter gene (GSTF8:LUC). We previously identified several enhanced stress response (esr) mutants from this screen that conferred constitutive GSTF8:LUC activity and increased resistance to several pathogens and/or in

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Keon, John, John Antoniw, Raffaella Carzaniga, et al. "Transcriptional Adaptation of Mycosphaerella graminicola to Programmed Cell Death (PCD) of Its Susceptible Wheat Host." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 20, no. 2 (2007): 178–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-20-2-0178.

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Many important fungal pathogens of plants spend long periods (days to weeks) of their infection cycle in symptomless association with living host tissue, followed by a sudden transition to necrotrophic feeding as host tissue death occurs. Little is known about either the host responses associated with this sudden transition or the specific adaptations made by the pathogen to invoke or tolerate it. We are studying a major host-specific fungal pathogen of cultivated wheat, Septoria tritici (teleomorph Mycosphaerella graminicola). Here, we describe the host responses of wheat leaves infected with

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Kumar, Jagdish, Ralph Hückelhoven, Ulrich Beckhove, Subrahmaniam Nagarajan, and Karl-Heinz Kogel. "A Compromised Mlo Pathway Affects the Response of Barley to the Necrotrophic Fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana (Teleomorph: Cochliobolus sativus) and Its Toxins." Phytopathology® 91, no. 2 (2001): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.2.127.

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In search of new durable disease resistance traits in barley to control leaf spot blotch disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana (teleomorph: Cochliobolus sativus), we developed macroscopic and microscopic scales to judge spot blotch disease development on barley. Infection of barley was associated with cell wall penetration and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. The latter appeared to take place in cell wall swellings under fungal penetration attempts as well as during cell death provoked by the necrotrophic pathogen. Additionally, we tested the influence of a compromi

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Bhadauria, Vijai, Sabine Banniza, Albert Vandenberg, Gopalan Selvaraj, and Yangdou Wei. "Overexpression of a Novel Biotrophy-Specific Colletotrichum truncatum Effector, CtNUDIX, in Hemibiotrophic Fungal Phytopathogens Causes Incompatibility with Their Host Plants." Eukaryotic Cell 12, no. 1 (2012): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00192-12.

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ABSTRACT The hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum truncatum causes anthracnose disease on lentils and a few other grain legumes. It shows initial symptomless intracellular growth, where colonized host cells remain viable (biotrophy), and then switches to necrotrophic growth, killing the colonized host plant tissues. Here, we report a novel effector gene, CtNUDIX , from C. truncatum that is exclusively expressed during the late biotrophic phase (before the switch to necrotrophy) and elicits a hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death in tobacco leaves transiently expressing the effector. CtN

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Zhang, Wei, Feng Zhao, Lihui Jiang, Cun Chen, Lintao Wu, and Zhibin Liu. "Different Pathogen Defense Strategies in Arabidopsis: More than Pathogen Recognition." Cells 7, no. 12 (2018): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells7120252.

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Plants constantly suffer from simultaneous infection by multiple pathogens, which can be divided into biotrophic, hemibiotrophic, and necrotrophic pathogens, according to their lifestyles. Many studies have contributed to improving our knowledge of how plants can defend against pathogens, involving different layers of defense mechanisms. In this sense, the review discusses: (1) the functions of PAMP (pathogen-associated molecular pattern)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), (2) evidence highlighting the functions of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylen

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Blanc, Catherine, Fania Coluccia, Floriane L’Haridon, et al. "The Cuticle Mutant eca2 Modifies Plant Defense Responses to Biotrophic and Necrotrophic Pathogens and Herbivory Insects." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 31, no. 3 (2018): 344–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-07-17-0181-r.

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We isolated previously several Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with constitutive expression of the early microbe-associated molecular pattern–induced gene ATL2, named eca (expresión constitutiva de ATL2). Here, we further explored the interaction of eca mutants with pest and pathogens. Of all eca mutants, eca2 was more resistant to a fungal pathogen (Botrytis cinerea) and a bacterial pathogen (Pseudomonas syringae) as well as to a generalist herbivorous insect (Spodoptera littoralis). Permeability of the cuticle is increased in eca2; chemical characterization shows that eca2 has a significant red

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37

Stukenbrock, Eva H., and Bruce A. McDonald. "Population Genetics of Fungal and Oomycete Effectors Involved in Gene-for-Gene Interactions." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 22, no. 4 (2009): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-22-4-0371.

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Antagonistic coevolution between plants and pathogens has generated a broad array of attack and defense mechanisms. In the classical avirulence (Avr) gene-for-gene model, the pathogen gene evolves to escape host recognition while the host resistance (R) gene evolves to track the evolving pathogen elicitor. In the case of host-specific toxins (HST), the evolutionary arms race may be inverted, with the gene encoding the pathogen toxin evolving to maintain recognition of the host sensitivity target while the host sensitivity gene evolves to escape binding with the toxin. Pathogen effector genes,

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Okubara, Patricia A., Amy B. Peetz, and Richard M. Sharpe. "Cereal Root Interactions with Soilborne Pathogens—From Trait to Gene and Back." Agronomy 9, no. 4 (2019): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9040188.

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Realizing the yield potential of crop plants in the presence of shifting pathogen populations, soil quality, rainfall, and other agro-environmental variables remains a challenge for growers and breeders worldwide. In this review, we discuss current approaches for combatting the soilborne phytopathogenic nematodes, Pratylenchus and Heterodera of wheat and barley, and Meloidogyne graminicola Golden and Birchfield, 1965 of rice. The necrotrophic fungal pathogens, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn 1858 AG-8 and Fusarium spp. of wheat and barley, also are discussed. These pathogens constitute major causes of

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Scholes, Julie D., and Stephen A. Rolfe. "Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging as tool for understanding the impact of fungal diseases on plant performance: a phenomics perspective." Functional Plant Biology 36, no. 11 (2009): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp09145.

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Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging is a non-invasive, non-destructive means with which to examine the impact of fungal pathogens on the photosynthetic metabolism of host plants. As such, it has great potential for screening purposes in high-throughput phenomics environments. However, there is great diversity in the responses of plants to different plant-fungal pathogens and the choice of suitable experimental conditions and protocols and interpretation of the results requires both preliminary laboratory experiments and an understanding of the biology of the specific plant-pathogen interaction. I

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Monazzah, Maryam, Sattar Tahmasebi Enferadi, Mohammad J. Soleimani, and Zohreh Rabiei. "An unspecific phytotoxin oxalic acid and its effect on sunflower proteome." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 3 (2016): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt15143.

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Oxalic acid (OA) is found naturally in many plants and animals: it plays diverse roles in nature. It is an important pathogenicity determinant of many necrotrophic pathogens including Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. In order to understand the resistance mechanisms in Helianthus annuus L., a proteomic study was conducted on sunflower 12 h after inoculation by OA. A total of 17 differentially expressed proteins (either OA-induced or -suppressed proteins) were identified as a result of OA treatment. The candidate proteins were classified into two groups depending on their up/downregulati

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Walz, Andreas, та Oliver Simon. "β-Aminobutyric Acid-induced Resistance in Cucumber against Biotrophic and Necrotrophic Pathogens". Journal of Phytopathology 157, № 6 (2009): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2008.01502.x.

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Al-Naemi, Fatima, and Paul E. Hatcher. "Contrasting effects of necrotrophic and biotrophic plant pathogens on the aphidAphis fabae." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 148, no. 3 (2013): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eea.12091.

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Mzid, Rim, Chloé Marchive, Dominique Blancard, et al. "Overexpression of VvWRKY2 in tobacco enhances broad resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens." Physiologia Plantarum 131, no. 3 (2007): 434–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2007.00975.x.

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Zheng, Zuyu, Synan Abu Qamar, Zhixiang Chen, and Tesfaye Mengiste. "Arabidopsis WRKY33 transcription factor is required for resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens." Plant Journal 48, no. 4 (2006): 592–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02901.x.

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Lai, Zhibing, Fei Wang, Zuyu Zheng, Baofang Fan, and Zhixiang Chen. "A critical role of autophagy in plant resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens." Plant Journal 66, no. 6 (2011): 953–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04553.x.

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Amselem, Joelle, Christina A. Cuomo, Jan A. L. van Kan, et al. "Genomic Analysis of the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea." PLoS Genetics 7, no. 8 (2011): e1002230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002230.

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Neukermans, Jenny, Annelies Inzé, Janick Mathys, et al. "ARACINs, Brassicaceae-Specific Peptides Exhibiting Antifungal Activities against Necrotrophic Pathogens in Arabidopsis." Plant Physiology 167, no. 3 (2015): 1017–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.114.255505.

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Łaźniewska, Joanna, Violetta K. Macioszek, Christopher B. Lawrence, and Andrzej K. Kononowicz. "Fight to the death: Arabidopsis thaliana defense response to fungal necrotrophic pathogens." Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 32, no. 1 (2009): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11738-009-0372-6.

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Delaye, Luis, Graciela García-Guzmán, and Martin Heil. "Endophytes versus biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens—are fungal lifestyles evolutionarily stable traits?" Fungal Diversity 60, no. 1 (2013): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0240-y.

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Scott, KJ, AD Davidson, W. Jutidamrongphan, G. Mackinnon, and JM Manners. "The Activation of Genes of Wheat and Barley by Fungal Phytopathogens." Functional Plant Biology 17, no. 3 (1990): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9900229.

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The induction of six infection-related mRNAs (IRmRNAs) was studied in barley and wheat following infection by different pathogens. Barley was inoculated with the compatible pathogens, chlorostriate mosaic virus, barley stripe virus, Pseudomonas syringae, Pyrenophora teres, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei and the incompatible pathogens E. graminis f. sp. tritici, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici and Py. tritici-repentis. Wheat was inoculated with the compatible pathogens B. sorokiniana, Pu. Graminis f. sp. tritici and E. graminis f. sp. tritici and the incompatible pathog

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