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1
Seker, Murat, Kenan Kaynas, Ahmet Yilmaz, and Uygar Us. "Plant and Fruit Characteristics of a Novel White Nectarine Type." HortScience 40, no. 5 (August 2005): 1208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.5.1208.
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In this study, we described some tree and fruit characteristics of a novel white nectarine type. The genetic diversity within this white nectarine population was investigated using six enzyme systems and its isozyme variation was also compared with common peach and nectarine cultivars. The results demonstrated that there was a significant variation within the white nectarine population in terms of plant and fruit characteristics probably due to the repropagation of the white nectarines using seedlings by growers. This variation was also verified by isozyme polymorphisms. Plants characteristics of white nectarines were similar to the trees of common peach or nectarine cultivars. However, the white nectarines produce less yield than the common peach or nectarine cultivars and they have small fruit with white-cream color and small flesh ratio making their fruit less attractive. We believe that the white nectarines have high market value and consumer acceptance because of its unique flavor which was confused with taste of either plums or apricots. So far, no standard white nectarine cultivar has been reported. This is the first report characterizing some plant and fruit characteristics of white nectarines which could be used for breeding of standard white nectarine cultivars with high yield and fruit characteristics while keeping its unique flavor. In addition, the white nectarines represent a novel source of germplasm for improvement of peaches and nectarines.
2
Luchsinger, L. E., G. H. Reginato, and P. Miranda. "172 Changes in Quality and Maturity of Early Season Nectarines (cvs. Aurelio and Early May) during Maturation and Ripening." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 471F—472. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.471f.
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The objectives of this study were to characterize the quality and maturity changes of nectarine (Prunus persica var. Nectarina) fruit cvs. Aurelio and Early May during maturation and ripening and to identify harvest maturity indices. After fruit set, 250 fruit of similar diameter and tree position were tagged to follow maturation and ripening on the tree. During commercial harvest, 48 fruit were ramdomly harvested every 2 to 3 days. Ethylene evolution rate (EER) at 20 °C, fresh weight, and peel ground and cover color (L*, a*, b*, C* and Hue value) were measured on all 48 fruit. Flesh color, firmness at several fruit points, soluble solids (SS), pH, titratable acidity (TA) and SS: TA ratio were measured only to 24 fruit, and the rest were held for up to 7 days at 20 °C as a ripening period to measure the same parameters mentioned above. Pearson correlation coefficients were determined between variables to explore possible harvest maturity indices. The most significant changes occurred in EER, fruit firmness, and peel ground color (a* and hue value). For `Aurelio' nectarines the highest correlations (P < 0.001) were obtained between logEER-tip firmness (r = -0.69), tip firmness-a* ground color (r = -0.66) and, tip firmness-hue ground color (r = -0.67). No important correlations (r > 0.60) were found for `Early May' nectarines. It was also found that fruit softening varies according to the point of measurement in the fruit depending on the cultivar.
3
Liu, Sha, Huan-Huan Gao, Yi-Fan Zhai, Hao Chen, Hai-Yan Dang, Dong-Yun Qin, Li-Li Li, Qiang Li, and Yi Yu. "Oviposition Suitability of Drosophila Suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) for Nectarine Varieties and Its Correlation with the Physiological Indexes." Insects 10, no. 8 (July 24, 2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10080221.
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The nectarine is an important fruit, which is attacked by Drosophila suzukii in Europe and the United States but there are no reports of it attacking nectarines in China. Here, we determined the oviposition preference of D. suzukii six on intact and sliced nectarine varieties in China and how physical and physiological indexes of the fruit correlate with these preferences. D. suzukii were allowed to oviposit on two early–, two middle– and two late–maturing varieties of nectarine—Shuguang and Chunguang, Fengguang and Zhong you 4, Zhong you 7 and Zhong you 8, respectively and the number of larvae also followed the order. The firmness, soluble solids content and the nutritional components of the amino acid, protein, soluble sugar and pectin contents of each variety were measured. D. suzukii preferred the early Shuguang variety, followed by the early Chunguang variety and then the middle Zhong you 4 and Fengguang varieties. Taken together, results show that D. suzukii shows preferences for earlier rather than later varieties of nectarines in China and that these preferences are related to the fruit’s physical and physiological traits. Results suggest that mixed cultivation of early–, middle– and late–maturing nectarine varieties should be avoided in order to prevent fly dispersal and infestation by D. suzukii.
4
El-Wazir, Fairuz, Dangyang Ke, and Adel A. Kader. "TOLERANCE OF NECTARINE AND PEACH CULTIVARS TO INSECTICIDAL CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 678a—678. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.678a.
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The tolerances (based on time before detection of off-flavor) of nectarine and peach cultivars to an insecticidal controlled atmosphere of 0.25% O2 (balance N2) at 20C were 2.8, 4.0, 4.0, 4.4, 5.1, and 5.3 days for `John Henry' peaches, `Fantasia' nectarines, `Five Red' peaches, `O'Henry' peaches, `Royal Giant' nectarines, and `Flamekist' nectarines, respectively. The greater sensitivity of `John Henry' peaches to low O2 stress was associated with a higher respiration rate; faster accumulation rates of acetaldehyde, ethanol, and ethyl acetate; and a more mature and larger fruit. The tolerances of `Fairtime' peaches to 0.21% O2 + 99% CO2 at 20C, 0.21 O2 + 99% CO2 at 0C, and 0.21% O2 at 20C were 3.8, 5.0, and 6.0 days respectively. There was a good correlation between tolerance of nectarines and peaches to insecticidal atmospheres and the accumulation rates of acetaldehyde (r=-0.94, p<0.01) and ethanol (r=-0.88, p,0.01).
5
Layne, Desmond R., and W. R. Okie. "(94) White-fleshed Peaches and Nectarines for the Southeastern United States." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1029B—1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1029b.
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White-fleshed peaches and nectarines are delicacies that have been enjoyed for centuries around the world. They are native to China and were introduced to the United States in the 1800s. Some white-fleshed peaches and nectarines are highly perishable and bruise easily, but are of very high eating quality. These are perhaps best suited for the local roadside market, where they can be sold and consumed more quickly. Others are much firmer at harvest, have a longer shelf life. and are suitable for long-distance transport to wholesale markets. White-fleshed peaches and nectarines may have some acidity or they may be very low acid with high sugar content (°Brix). Some novel flat (peento or donut) types also exist. Proximity to an urban market with a substantial Asian population is advantageous because Asians, in particular, often prefer the low-acid flavor and are willing to pay premium prices for high quality fruits. In our peach and nectarine cultivar evaluation program at Clemson University, we are currently evaluating 70 cultivars and advanced selections at four different locations in South Carolina. Several of these have been evaluated since 2000 and the “top performers” over the last six seasons by ripening date (earliest to latest) include the following: `Sugar May', `Scarletpearl', `Snowbrite', `Southernpearl', `White Lady', `Sugar Lady', `Summer Sweet', `Sugar Giant', `Stark's Summer Pearl', `Snow King', and `Snow Giant'. In general, most of the white nectarines and the flat/donut peaches and nectarines have serious problems with insect damage and brown rot. Complete details of our peach and nectarine (yellow- and white-flesh) evaluation work in South Carolina since 2000 will be noted by referring to my peach website (http://www.clemson.edu/hort/Peach/index.php).
6
Okie, W. R. "Inheritance of the Roughskin Character in Peach." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 618d—618. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.618d.
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Pubescence in peach fruit is controlled by the Gg locus, with the homozygous recessive being the glabrous-skinned nectarine. The roughskin character in peach causes the loss of all long hairs on the epidermis of the fruit. Under a microscope short stubs are visible. The fruit is rough to the touch and appears dull rather than shiny as a nectarine would appear. A pleiotropic effect is lack of hairs on the dormant leaf and flower buds, making them noticeably shiny to the naked eye, unlike normal peaches and nectarines. The roughskin character appeared in 3 of 70 seedlings from the cross of Pekin × Durbin. The remaining seedlings all produced normal peaches. Sibling F2 progenies segregated for peach and nectarine, and in one case, for roughskin as well, indicating the cross was valid. Results from numerous crosses and F2 populations indicate this character is controlled by a single recessive gene, which is hereby designated rs. Nectarines homozygous for this gene have glabrous buds, but otherwise appear normal. The origin of the mutation is unclear. Selfed seedlings of Pekin and Durbin have not expressed the recessive form of the gene. Possibly a limb of the Pekin tree (now gone) used for the crosses had mutated to the recessive form at one or both loci. The homozygous roughskin progeny would have then been inadvertent self-pollinations rather than hybrids, since none of them segregated for nectarine.
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González, Ana María. "Nectarios extraflorales en Turnera series Canaligerae y Leiocarpae." Bonplandia 9, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1996): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.30972/bon.91-21478.
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<div>En este trabajo se describe la anatomía de los nectarios extraflorales de diecisiete especies de Turnera, pertenecientes a Canaligerae y series Leiocarpae. </div><div>Los nectarios foliares nacen en el ápice del pecíolo o en la base de las láminas foliares, son discoides, cupular with a rim surrounding a cup. Aunque el tamaño y la morfología son variables entre las especies, la estructura de los nectarios es básicamente la misma. </div><div>Están compuestos por una epidermis secretora, que consiste en 1-4 capas de células columnares. Detrás de este tejido, por lo general hay 2-8 capas de parénquima glandular. </div><div>El cuerpo del nectario está formado por ground parenchyma; drusas de oxalato de calcio y idioblastos taninos son abundantes en esta zona. </div><div>El aporte vascular proviene del paquete pecíolo mediano. Es proporcionada por 1 ó 2 paquetes laterales que se ramifican en varias ocasiones en la parénquima baja del nectario. </div><div>En todos los nectarios estudiados el tejido vascular termina como hebras aisladas de floema entre las células de la parénquima secretora. </div><div>Por primera vez, tracheoids se describen en nectarios; estos elementos eran conocidos solamente en el vetillas de hojas de angiospermas. </div><div>La mayoría de las especies de la serie Canaligerae, tienen «poros» en la epidermis secretora, que es de hecho, una protuberancia determinado por la parénquima glandular, la superficie es plana o crateriforme.</div><div>Una cutícula densa cubre la epidermis, sólo en el centro de los «poros» es lo suficientemente delgada como para permitir la extrusión de néctar. </div><div>En ninguna de las especies se observó ruptura de la cutícula. En los nectarios Leiocarpae el «poro» está menos desarrollado o ausente.</div>
8
Ramming, D. W. "Genetic control of a slow-ripening fruit trait in nectarine." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 601–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-090.
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Inheritance of a slow-ripening trait was investigated in segregating progenies of nectarine (Prunus Persica (L.), Batsch var. nucipersica Schneid). Segregation ratios suggest that the trait is controlled by a single recessive gene, for which the symbol sr is proposed. Fantasia, Flamekist, and Fairlane nectarines are heterozygous at the sr locus. Key words: Peach, breeding, postharvest, genetics, stone fruit
9
Scalisi, Alessio, Mark G. O’Connell, Daniele Pelliccia, Tim Plozza, Christine Frisina, Subhash Chandra, and Ian Goodwin. "Reliability of a Handheld Bluetooth Colourimeter and Its Application to Measuring the Effects of Time from Harvest, Row Orientation and Training System on Nectarine Skin Colour." Horticulturae 7, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7080255.
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This work aimed to (i) determine the reliability of a portable Bluetooth colourimeter for fruit colour measurements; (ii) characterise the changes in quantitative skin colour attributes in a nectarine cultivar in response to time from harvest; and (iii) determine the influence of row orientation and training system on nectarine skin colour. The skin colour attributes measured with the colourimeter, namely L*, a* and b*, were calibrated and validated against a reference spectrophotometer. C* and h° were obtained from a* and b*. Skin colour was measured in situ from 42 days before to 6 days after harvest on ‘Majestic Pearl’ nectarines subjected to different row orientations and training systems. Validation models showed high reliability of colour estimations. The trends of colour attributes over time were characterised by cubic regression models, with h° proving to be the best parameter to describe changes of colour over time, with a clear link to the maturation process. No significant effects of row orientation and training system on skin colour were observed at harvest. Overall, the device proved reliable for fruit colour detection. Results of this study highlight the potential of h° as a quantitative index to monitor ripening prior to harvest in ‘Majestic Pearl’ nectarines.
10
Ahmadi, H., W. V. Biasi, and E. J. Mitcham. "Control of Brown Rot Decay of Nectarines with 15% Carbon Dioxide Atmospheres." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 124, no. 6 (November 1999): 708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.124.6.708.
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Effects of short-term exposure to a 15% CO2 atmosphere on nectarines [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Nectarine Group) `Summer Red'] inoculated with Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey (causal agent of brown rot) were investigated. Nectarines were inoculated with spores of M. fructicola and incubated at 20 °C for 24, 48 or 72 hours and then transferred to storage in either air or air enriched with 15% CO2 at 5 °C. Fruit were removed from storage after 5 and 16 days and were examined for brown rot decay immediately and after ripening in air for 3 days at 20 °C. Noninoculated nectarines were stored and treated likewise for evaluation of postharvest fruit attributes to determine their tolerance to 15% CO2. Incubation period after inoculation, storage duration, and storage atmosphere had highly significant effects on fruit decay. `Summer Red' nectarines tolerated a 15% CO2 atmosphere for 16 days at 5 °C. Development of brown rot decay in fruit inoculated 24 hours before 5 or 16 days storage in 15% CO2 at 5 °C was arrested. After 3 days ripening in air at 20 °C, the progression of brown rot disease was rapid in all inoculated nectarines, demonstrating the fungistatic effect of 15% CO2. The quantity of fungal cell wall materials (estimated by glucosamine concentration) was compared to visual estimation of decayed area and visual rating of fungal sporulation. The glucosamine assay defined the onset and progress of brown rot infection more precisely than either of the two visual tests.
11
Wociór, Stanisław. "Growth and cropping of two cultivars of peach and nectarine in the conditions of the Sandomierska Plateau." Folia Horticulturae 21, no. 1 (June 1, 2009): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2013-0127.
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Abstract In this experiment, the growth of peach and nectarine trees was determined to be related to the cultivar. ‘Inka’ peach trees grew weaker than ‘Harbinger’ trees. The ‘John Rivers’ nectarine was characterized by stronger growth than the ‘Harko’. The amount of crops produced by the trees was related to the cultivar and the meteorological conditions during winter and spring. ‘Inka’ produced higher yields and bigger fruits as compared to ‘Harbinger’. The ‘Harko’ cultivar provided significantly higher yields than the ‘John Rivers’ only in 2006. Peach and nectarine fruit production in the Sandomierska Plateau in the years 2004 − 2007 was risky. In 2006, damage to the flower buds during winter caused no crop yield in young peach trees and the older ones of the ‘Harbinger’ cultivar. A minor reaction to the temperature drop, down to -26.8oC, was found for nectarines in comparison with peach trees. In 2007, the spring frost injured flower pistils and caused a lack of crops from the studied cultivars.
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Aitouakli, Thilelli, and Ettayib Bensaci. "Breeding Ecology and Nest- Site Selection of Turtle Doves (Streptopelia turtur) in Three New Orchard Habitats." Journal of Bioresource Management 8, no. 2 (April 23, 2021): 01–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35691/jbm.1202.0175.
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The main aim of our work was to investigate the breeding parameters in three orchard types in Algeria (apple, cherry and nectarine) for better conservation of existing species. A total of 149 active Turtle dove nests were monitored in these man–made agro-systems. Egg laying occurred from early May and continued until mid-August. Egg laying started later in cherry trees and stopped earlier in nectarines. Nest density was higher in apple orchards. Nests were located higher in nectarine. Clutch size was similar among orchard types. Northeast was the dominant orientation in all orchards. Breeding success was higher than that recorded in former studies. Desertion was the main cause of nest failure. The apple orchards are the preferred breeding area for turtle dove in this region.
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Beckman, T. G., W. R. Okie, G. Krewer, and W. B. Sherman. "Moderate-chilling Peach Breeding Project for the Coastal Plain of the Southeastern United States." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 833B—833. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.833b.
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The purpose of this three-way cooperative project is to develop new fresh-market peach and nectarine varieties in the 400 to 650 chill hour range for the early season shipping market. Since 1990, >3000 seedlings have been evaluated, resulting in 48 selections. Additionally, several hundred selections from other programs have been evaluated. `Sunsplash', an attractive, early season, 400 chill hour nectarine, was released in 1993 as a result of this cooperative effort. A novel aspect of the program has been the use of non-melting flesh parents for the purpose of improving handling characteristics. Selections include both yellow- and white-flesh types, peaches and nectarines. Some may be adapted for use in other production areas and are available for testing under non-propagation agreement. Evaluation summaries of selections and standards will be presented.
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Smykov, A. V., E. P. Shoferistov, and N. V. Mesyats. "Conveyor of a new assortment of peaches and nectarines for Crimea and southern Russia." Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation, no. 159 (July 28, 2021): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/2712-7788-2021-2-159-72-82.
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Aim and task: Goals and objectives: to form a conveyor of industrial assortment of peach and nectarine for the Crimea and southern Russia. To do this, study the new varieties of peach and nectarine bred by the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens for a complex of economic and biological characteristics. The study of varieties was carried out according to the "Program and methodology for the study of varieties of fruit, berry and nut crops" (Sedov, 1995), as well as in accordance with the classifier (Khloptseva, Sharova, Korneichuk, 1988). 34 new varieties of peach and 7 - nectarine of NBG selection of different ripening periods were studied by a complex of economically valuable traits. Genotypes with a complex of outstanding properties in terms of yield, frost resistance of flower buds, drought resistance, resistance to fungal diseases, and commercial qualities of fruits with an increased content of biologically active substances have been identified. A conveyor belt of a new industrial assortment of peaches and nectarines of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden selection for gardening in Crimea and southern Russia has been proposed.
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McLaren, G. F., and J. A. Fraser. "Development of thresholds for insecticidal control of New Zealand flower thrips on nectarines in spring." New Zealand Plant Protection 53 (August 1, 2000): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2000.53.3634.
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Numbers of adult and larval New Zealand flower thrips Thrips obscuratus were recorded daily on nectarines from flowering (early September) to shuck fall (early November) over 5 years Adults were more common than larvae and occurred throughout this period increasing to their highest numbers in late October Larvae occurred for three weeks from petal fall Adults were released weekly onto bagged nectarine flowers or fruitlets from flowering to shuck fall Damage to the fruit was assessed in November Adults caused the most severe damage when released during flowering; slightly less damage was caused after petal fall and minor damage occurred in the weeks before shuck fall Adult feeding did not affect fruit set Three thresholds based on adult numbers are proposed for determining the need for insecticidal control in an Integrated Fruit Production programme for nectarines These thresholds reflect the decreasing risk of damage through the sensitive period
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Hinsch, R. T., C. M. Harris, P. L. Hartsell, and J. C. Tebbets. "Fresh Nectarine Quality and Methyl Bromide Residues after In-package Quarantine Treatments." HortScience 27, no. 12 (December 1992): 1288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.12.1288.
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California nectarines [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. var. nectarina (Ait) Maxim.] packed in single-layer corrugated fiberboard boxes were fumigated with methyl bromide (MB) at a rate of 48 g·m-3 for 21 hours at 21C and normal atmospheric pressure and a 50% load (v/v) as a quarantine treatment for codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.). When the boxes were loosely stacked with spaces between them or tightly stacked and forced-air fumigated, concentration multiplied by time (C × T) relationships were > 68 g·m-3·h-1, which is recommended for efficacy. Tightly stacked boxes that were not forced-air fumigated had C × T products <68 g·m-3·h-1. Organic bromide residues were <0.001 μg·g-1 and inorganic bromide residues were < 7.0 μg·g-1 after 3 days. A trace to slightly phytotoxic response was observed in `Summer Grand' and `Fantasia' nectarines in 1989 but not in 1990.
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Cheng, Guiwen W., and Carlos H. Crisosto. "Iron—Polyphenol Complex Formation and Skin Discoloration in Peaches and Nectarines." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 122, no. 1 (January 1997): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.122.1.95.
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The formation of metallo-pigmentation and copigmentation as potential mechanisms of inking formation was investigated in peach and nectarine skin tissues. Cyanidin-3-glucoside, the most abundant anthocyanin in peaches and nectarines, formed very purple ferric complexes with an anthocyanin/iron molar ratio of two. Greenish metallo complexes between ferric ion and chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, or epicatechin formed with an phenolic/iron molar ratio of one. The lack of copigmentation pointed out the importance to focus research on the metallo-phenolics reaction. High intensity of dark color formation was developed with cyanidin-3-glucoside, followed by caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, and epicatechin on an equal molar basis. Citric acid acted as a strong iron chelator to prevent and reverse the formation of ferric cyanidin-3-glucoside complexes. The variety of dark and light colored spots observed on the surface of peaches and nectarines is explained by the formation of metallo-pigment complexes.
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Villamor, D. E. V., T. A. Mekuria, S. S. Pillai, and K. C. Eastwell. "High-Throughput Sequencing Identifies Novel Viruses in Nectarine: Insights to the Etiology of Stem-Pitting Disease." Phytopathology® 106, no. 5 (May 2016): 519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-07-15-0168-r.
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Recent studies have shown the superiority of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology over many standard protocols for pathogen detection. HTS was initiated on fruit tree accessions from disparate sources to improve and advance virus-testing procedures. A virus with genomic features resembling most closely that of the recently described Nectarine stem-pitting-associated virus, putative member of genus Luteovirus, was found in three nectarine trees (Prunus persica cv. nectarina), each exhibiting stem-pitting symptoms on the woody cylinder above the graft union. In these samples, HTS also revealed the presence of a coinfecting virus with genome characteristics typical of members of the genus Marafivirus. The same marafivirus- and luteovirus-like viruses were detected in nonsymptomatic nectarine and peach selections, indicating only a loose relationship between these two viruses with nectarine stem-pitting disease symptoms. Two selections infected with each of these viruses had previously tested free of known virus or virus-like agents using the current biological, serological, and molecular tests employed at the Clean Plant Center Northwest. Overall, this study presents the characterization by HTS of novel marafivirus- and luteovirus-like viruses of nectarine, and provides further insights into the etiology of nectarine stem-pitting disease. The discovery of these new viruses emphasizes the ability of HTS to reveal viruses that are not detected by existing protocols.
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Cheng, Guiwen W., and Carlos H. Crisosto. "Browning Potential, Phenolic Composition, and Polyphenoloxidase Activity of Buffer Extracts of Peach and Nectarine Skin Tissue." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120, no. 5 (September 1995): 835–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.5.835.
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The relationship of phenolic composition and polyphenoloxidase activity (PPO, E.C. 1.14.18.1) to browning potential (BP) was studied in buffer extracts of peach [Prunus persica L. Batsch) and nectarine [P. persica var. nectarine (L.) Batsch] fruit skin. The BP varied among cultivars with `Flavorcrest' having the highest value and `Maycrest' the lowest. On average, over 83 % of the browning measured at the end of the S-hour incubation occurred during the first hour. The total soluble phenolics (TSP), the total anthocyanin (TA), and glutathione content (GLU) varied among cultivars, but were not significantly correlated to the BP. Of the phenolics determined by HPLC, only chlorogenic acid had a significant positive correlation and epicatechin a significant negative correlation with BP by the first hour of incubation. The PPO activity, ranging from 4 to 11 optical density units per gram dry weight per minute among peaches and nectarines, was not significantly correlated with BP. However, no browning was detected if the buffer extract was previously boiled. These results indicated that browning in the buffer extracts of peach and nectarine skin tissue depends on the presence of PPO activity and chlorogenic acid, which are major contributors to enzymatic browning.
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LASLO, Vasile, Alin C. TEUSDEA, Sonia A. SOCACI, Daniel MIERLITA, and Simona I. VICAS. "Influence of Pasteurization on Total Phenols Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Prunus persica L. Juices." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 45, no. 2 (September 15, 2017): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha45210699.
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Peach and nectarine (Prunus persica ) production has an important place in the world, being the most important fruit after apple crops in the European Union. Because the fruits are perishable, it is desirable to valorize them as juice. Seven peaches and three nectarines cultivars grown in the N-W part of Romania were investigated for quality parameters, volatile profile, total phenols content and antioxidant capacity. The volatile composition of peach and nectarine cultivars was determined via the ITEX/GC-MS technique, the main volatile compounds belonging to alcohols and aldehydes. Another objective was to obtain the pasteurised juices from these fruits and to investigate the best time of pasteurisation in order to identify the most valuable cultivar from the perspective of total phenols content and its antioxidant capacity. For a better interpretation of results and a proper discrimination between cultivars, according to the total phenols content and antioxidant capacity, the multivariate analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) were applied. The peach cultivars showed the highest content in total phenols compared with nectarine. From peach cultivars, the highest concentration was recorded in ‘Southland’ (47.49 ± 0.14 mg GAE 100 g-1 FW) and from nectarine cultivars in ‘Romamer’ (16.28 ± 0.83 mg GAE 100 g-1 FW). The highest antioxidant capacities were recorded in ‘Southland’ peach in the case of both methods (DPPH and FRAP). The results showed that ‘Southland’ peach and ‘Romamer’ nectarine pasteurised juices are the best from the point of view of total phenolic compounds content with high antioxidant capacity.
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Okie, W. R. "“Peach and Nectarine Varieties”-A Hypertext Index." HortScience 28, no. 12 (December 1993): 1186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.12.1186.
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“Peach and Nectarine Varieties” is a self-contained computer program describing more than 600 varieties and their performance in the southeastern United States. The information can be accessed in various ways, including searching for any word or name. A Master Index of names and synonyms lists more than 6000 names used in the United States, plus many foreign names. This index includes pedigree, origin, and a coded description. General information is included regarding peaches and nectarines. All North American breeding programs are chronicled. The program is available for MS-DOS computers with an EGA or VGA monitor, and may be freely distributed.
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Okie, W. R. "Three New Peaches and a Nectarine for the Southeastern United States." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 463e—463. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.463e.
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Four new varieties have been released from the USDA–ARS Stone Fruit Breeding program located in central Georgia. All are adapted to the humid Southeastern U.S. climate. `Rubyprince' is an early yellow-fleshed peach with excellent size, firmness, and color. The slow-softening fruit ripens in early June at Byron, about with `Dixired', but is slightly lower chilling (about 800 h below 45 °F). `Blazeprince' is a very firm yellow-fleshed peach with a solid red blush that ripens in late mid-season between `Harvester' and `Redglobe'. It is susceptible to bacterial spot disease similar to `O'Henry'. It requires about 850 chill hours. `Southern Pearl' is a large white-fleshed, mid-season peach with very good acid flavor and medium firmness. It ripens about with `Harvester' or `Redhaven'. Chilling requirement is only about 650 h, similar to `Springcrest'. `Juneprincess' nectarine ripens in about the same season as `Southern Pearl' and produces large, attractive, firm fruit that is less prone to rain cracking than many nectarines. Skin color is bright red, typical of California nectarines, with yellow flesh. Chilling requirement is about 850 h.
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Smykov, Anatoly, Evgeny Shoferistov, Vadim Korzin, Natalya Mesyats, and Nikita Saplev. "Promising directions in the selection of peach, apricot and nectarine." E3S Web of Conferences 254 (2021): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125401010.
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The collection of stone fruit crops (peach, apricot and nectarine) was analyzed in accordance with their belonging to certain ecological-geographical groups and ecotypes. The most valuable characteristics were determined, sources of economically valuable properties were identified, and included in crossbreeding combinations for intraspecific and interspecific hybridization. Methods of radiation and chemical mutagenesis were used in the selection of peach and apricot. New genotypes with different levels of susceptibility to common diseases have been created. As a result of breeding, new varieties of stone fruit crops selected by NBG were introduced into the Register of Plant Varieties of the Russian Federation: 28 peaches, 3 nectarines, 15 apricots.
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Ahmad, Riaz, Dan Potter, and Stephen M. Southwick. "Genotyping of Peach and Nectarine Cultivars with SSR and SRAP Molecular Markers." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 129, no. 2 (March 2004): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.129.2.0204.
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Simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) molecular markers were evaluated for detecting intraspecific variation in 38 commercially important peach and nectarine (Prunus persica) cultivars. Out of the 20 SSR primer pairs 17 were previously developed in sweet cherry and three in peach. The number of putative alleles revealed by SSR primer pairs ranged from one to five showing a low level of genetic variability among these cultivars. The average number of alleles per locus was 2.2. About 76% of cherry primers produced amplification products in peach and nectarine, showing a congeneric relationship within Prunus species. Only nine cultivars out of the 38 cultivars could be uniquely identified by the SSR markers. For SRAP, the number of fragments produced was highly variable, ranging from 10 to 33 with an average of 21.8 per primer combination. Ten primer combinations resulted in 49 polymorphic fragments in this closely related set of peaches and nectarines. Thirty out of the 38 peach and nectarine cultivars were identified by unique SRAP fingerprints. UPGMA Cluster analysis based on the SSR and SRAP polymorphic fragments was performed; the relationships inferred are discussed with reference to the pomological characteristics and pedigree of these cultivars. The results indicated that SSR and SRAP markers can be used to distinguish the genetically very close peach and nectarine cultivars as a complement to traditional pomological studies. However, for fingerprinting, SRAP markers appear to be much more effective, quicker and less expensive to develop than are SSR markers.
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Jemrić, Tomislav, and Goran Fruk. "Postharvest Quality of Nectarine cv. ‘Venus’ as Affected by Hot Water Dips and Length of Storage." АГРОЗНАЊЕ 14, no. 1 (November 15, 2013): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agren1301019j.
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The effect of hot water dip (48° C) duration (6 or 12 minutes) (HWD 48° C 6' and HWD 48° C 12') and length of storage at 0° C in normal atmosphere (two or four weeks) on chemical and sensory quality of nectarine (Prunus persica var. nectarina cv. 'Venus') was studied. After two weeks of storage, HWD-treated fruits had significantly lower weight loss and SSC compared to control. There was no significant difference between HWD 48 °C 6' and HWD 48 °C 12' – treated fruit. HWD 48 °C 12' - treated fruit maintained sensory quality after two weeks of storage. After four weeks of storage, control fruit received higher scores compared to HWD – treated fruit for all traits, except for aroma which was still higher for HWD 48 °C 12' - treated fruit. Duration of hot water dip is significant factor for maintaining postharvest quality of nectarine fruit.
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Crisosto, Carlos H., Gayle M. Crisosto, Gemma Echeverria, and Jaume Puy. "Developing a Tree Fruit Code [Prunus persica (Batch.)] for Cultivars According to Their Organoleptic Characteristics." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1145A—1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1145a.
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Cultivar segregation according to their organoleptic perception was attempted by using trained panel data evaluated by principal component analysis in four sources of 24 peach and 27 nectarine cultivars as a part of our program to develop minimum quality indexes. Source significantly affected cultivar ripe soluble solids concentration (RSSC) and ripe titratable acidity (RTA), but it did not significantly affect sensory perception of flavor, sourness and aroma by the trained panel. On two out of 51 cultivars tested, source played a role on sweetness perception. In all of these cases, when source fell out of the proposed cultivar organoleptic group it could be explained by fruit being harvested outside the commercial physiological maturity (immature or overmature). The perception of the four sensory attributes was reduced to three principal components that explain 92% for peach and 94% for nectarine of the variation in the sensory characteristics of the cultivars tested. Season did not affect significantly the classification of three cultivars that were evaluated during these two seasons. By plotting organoleptic characteristics in PC1 and PC2 (∼76%), cultivars were segregated into groups (balanced, robust, sweet, peach or nectarine aroma, and/or peach or nectarine flavor) with similar sensory attributes; nectarines were classified into five groups and peaches into four groups. Based on this information, we recommend that cultivars should be clustered in organoleptic groups and a development of a minimum quality index should be attempted within each organoleptic group rather than proposing a generic minimum quality index based on RSSC. This organoleptic cultivar classification will help to match ethnic preferences and enhance the current promotion and marketing programs.
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Perkins-Veazie, P., J. K. Collins, and J. R. Clark. "Sensory and Storage Evaluation of Nectarine and White Peach Breeding Lines." HortScience 33, no. 4 (July 1998): 605c—605. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.4.605c.
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Promising white peach and nectarine selections, many with nonmelting flesh, from the Univ. of Arkansas breeding program were evaluated for fruit quality and flavor. About 20 kg of fruit, consisting of mature ripe and ripe stages, were harvested from 4- to 7-year-old trees in Arkansas and transported to Lane, Okla. Fruit were divided into two boxes per selection. One box was held at 5 °C for 8 days, then transferred to 20 °C for 4 days to induce chilling injury and was evaluated for storage quality. The other box was held at 20 °C for 4 days and fruit used for taste panels. Of the 14 nectarine and 12 white peach selections evaluated, one nectarine and four white peach selections had slight chilling injury. Flesh firmness of selections after storage ranged from 6 to 50 N. Taste panelist scores indicated that sweetness was associated with peach flavor in both nectarines and white peaches and that overall acceptability was dependent on sweetness, peach flavor, and low tartness. Ten of the white peach selections were equal to or better in overall acceptability compared to `Summer Pearl' and `Carolina Belle' cultivars included in the study. Panelists did not consider firm texture to be detrimental to overall acceptability. Results indicate that many of the breeding lines used in this study had fruit equal to or better than currently available cultivars in storage life, firmness, and sweetness.
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Byrne, David H., and Terry A. Bacon. "Founding Parents of Low-Chill Peaches." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 592c—592. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.592c.
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A computer program was developed to calculate the percent contribution of the founding parents for any given peach or nectarine (Prunus persica) cultivar. The founding parents used most frequently for three low-chill (0 to 500 chill units) peach and nectarine breeding programs (Florida and Pelotas and Campinas, Brazil) were determined. The Florida program used several low-chill honey type peaches (`Hawaiian', `Okinawa') as a source of low chilling and then did extensive crossing with higher quality cultivars developed mainly in the northeastern United States. About 50% of the background of the Brazilian peach releases consists of local selections that were originally brought by the Portuguese explorers. Although each of the Brazilian programs used local peach materials, the local peaches used by each program are different. In addition, the program at Pelotas used germplasm from the Georgia–Florida and New Jersey breeding programs and the Campinas program used `Jewel' (honey peach) and several Florida nectarines (`Sunlite', `Sunred') in their development work. The founding parents among these three programs, although there is some common parentage, are different, and the intercrossing of materials from the various programs would be a useful approach to create more diversity in this germplasm.
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Engel, Karl Heinz, David W. Ramming, Robert A. Flath, and Roy Teranishi. "Investigation of volatile constituents in nectarines. 2. Changes in aroma composition during nectarine maturation." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 36, no. 5 (September 1988): 1003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00083a024.
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Hong, C. X., and T. J. Michailides. "Prune, Plum, and Nectarine as Hosts of Trichothecium roseum in California Orchards." Plant Disease 81, no. 1 (January 1997): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.1.112d.
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Trichothecium roseum (Pers.:Fr.) Link was frequently observed (up to 21%) on mummified peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch), nectarine (P. persica (L.) Batsch var. nectarina (Aiton) Maxim.), plum (P. salicina Lindl.), and prune (P. domestica L.) fruits in orchards during a 1995 to 1996 survey. Pink mold rot caused by T. roseum was also frequently observed (at about the 1 to 2% level) on a number of samples of prune fruit collected from commercial orchards in Glenn, Butte, Madera, Fresno, and Tulare counties in 1996, after storage at 4°C for 7 days and then 20°C for 4 days. Wounded and nonwounded prune (cv. French), plum (cv. Casselman), peach (cv. Fairtime), and nectarine (cv. Spring Bright) fruits were infected after inoculation with a drop (20 μl) of T. roseum suspension (5 × 105 conidia/ml). Characteristic pink sporulation covered the surface of most fruit 7 days after inoculation. Conidia of T. roseum completely covered all wounded and nonwounded prune fruit, sparsely on the wounded plum fruit, and densely on both wounded and nonwounded peach and nectarine fruits (lesion diameter = 1 to 7 cm) 2 weeks after inoculation. T. roseum sporulated more rapidly and better on the fruits that were contaminated with either Monilinia fructicola (G. Wint.) Honey, or a Cladosporium sp. Peach has been listed as a host of T. roseum (California Plant Disease Host Index, Part 1: Fruits and Nuts, A M. French, ed., 1987), but this is the first report on the pathogenicity of this fungus on prune, plum, and nectarine from California.
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Yonce, C. E., R. J. Beshear, J. A. Payne, and D. L. Horton. "Population Distribution of Flower Thrips and the Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Nectarines and their Relative Association with Injury to Fruit in the Southeastern United States2." Journal of Entomological Science 25, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-25.3.427.
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Thrips populations and injury attributed to thrips feeding on fruit surfaces was monitored in unsprayed middle Georgia nectarines during 1986 – 1988. The flower thrips, Frankliniella tritici (Fitch), the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and the soybean thrips, Neohydatothrips variabilis (Beach), were the most abundant thrips species recovered from the orchard. Their relative abundance changed each year. The western flower thrips particularly appears to be most damaging in causing russeting on fruit surfaces. Silvering injury was caused by either or both of the flower thrips and coincided with peak populations of adults at or near final fruit swell. Soybean thrips caused little or no injury to fruit. None of the above mentioned flower thrips species were recovered from various weed and grass species in and near the nectarine orchard during two years of overwintering studies.
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Garcia-Benitez, C., P. Melgarejo, and A. De Cal. "Detection of Latent Monilinia Infections in Nectarine Flowers and Fruit by qPCR." Plant Disease 101, no. 6 (June 2017): 1002–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-16-1682-re.
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Most stone fruit with a latent brown rot infection caused by Monilinia do not develop visible signs of disease until the arrival of fruit at the markets or the consumer’s homes. The overnight freezing-incubation technique (ONFIT) is a well-established method for detecting latent brown rot infections, but it takes between 7 to 9 days. In this report, we inform on the advantages of applying a qPCR-based method to (i) detect a latent brown rot infection in the blossoms and fruit of nectarine trees (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) and (ii) distinguish between the Monilinia spp. in them. For applying this qPCR-based method, artificial latent infections were established in nectarine flowers and fruit using 10 Monilinia fructicola isolates, 8 M. fructigena isolates, and 10 M. laxa isolates. We detected greater amounts of M. fructicola DNA than M. laxa and M. fructigena DNA in latently infected flowers using qPCR. However, greater DNA amounts of M. laxa than M. fructicola were detected in the mesocarp of latently infected nectarines. We found that the qPCR-based method is more sensitive, reliable, and quicker than ONFIT for detecting a latent brown rot infection, and could be very useful in those countries where Monilinia spp. are classified as quarantine pathogens.
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Oliveira Lino, Leandro, Bénédicte Quilot-Turion, Claire Dufour, Marie-Noëlle Corre, René Lessire, Michel Génard, and Jean-Luc Poëssel. "Cuticular waxes of nectarines during fruit development in relation to surface conductance and susceptibility to Monilinia laxa." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 18 (June 18, 2020): 5521–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa284.
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Abstract The cuticle is composed of cutin and cuticular waxes, and it is the first protective barrier to abiotic and biotic stresses in fruit. In this study, we analysed the composition of and changes in cuticular waxes during fruit development in nectarine (Prunus persica L. Batsch) cultivars, in parallel with their conductance and their susceptibility to Monilinia laxa. The nectarine waxes were composed of triterpenoids, mostly ursolic and oleanolic acids, phytosterols, and very-long-chain aliphatics. In addition, we detected phenolic compounds that were esterified with sugars or with triterpenoids, which are newly described in cuticular waxes. We quantified 42 compounds and found that they changed markedly during fruit development, with an intense accumulation of triterpenoids during initial fruit growth followed by their decrease at the end of endocarp lignification and a final increase in very-long-chain alkanes and hydroxylated triterpenoids until maturity. The surface conductance and susceptibility to Monilinia decreased sharply at the beginning of endocarp lignification, suggesting that triterpenoid deposition could play a major role in regulating fruit permeability and susceptibility to brown rot. Our results provide new insights into the composition of cuticular waxes of nectarines and their changes during fruit development, opening new avenues of research to explore brown rot resistance factors in stone fruit.
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Jevremovic, Darko, and Svetlana Paunovic. "Low incidence of peach latent mosaic viroid in peach mother blocks in Serbia." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 29, no. 2 (2014): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1402109j.
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Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) is the causal agent of peach latent mosaic disease that is common on peaches and nectarines worldwide. Most of the isolates do not cause any symptoms on the foliage and the disease may be latent for years. A survey to investigate the presence of PLMVd in selected peach mother blocks in 9 Serbian districts was carried out in 2011 through 2013. A total of 315 trees/samples originating from 43 mother blocks, representing 35 peach and nectarine varieties and 2 rootstocks, were tested by Reverse Transcription - Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). PLMVd was detected in 13 samples (4.13%) belonging to 7 varieties and one vineyard peach rootstock. Infected samples were found in 7 mother blocks from 3 districts. Our results indicated a low incidence of PLMVd in the analyzed peach mother blocks.
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Felts, Molly, Renee T. Threlfall, and Margaret L. Worthington. "Physicochemical and Descriptive Sensory Analysis of Arkansas-grown Peaches and Nectarines." HortScience 54, no. 2 (February 2019): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13306-18.
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Understanding how human perception is related to physicochemical attributes strengthens identification of ripeness and marketability parameters for peaches and nectarines [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. Six peach and nectarine cultivars (Amoore Sweet, Bowden, Effie, Loring, Souvenirs, and White River) and three advanced breeding selections (A-827, A-850, and A-865) were harvested from trees grown at the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture Fruit Breeding Program in Clarksville, AR. Physical and chemical characteristics of the genotypes at harvest were as follows: fruit weight of 134.4 to 330.2 g, firmness of 7.8 to 35.8 N, soluble solids of 7.5% to 14.7%, pH of 3.3 to 4.8, titratable acidity of 0.2% to 1.1%, total sugars of 1.7 to 10.4 g/100 g, and total organic acids of 0.1 to 0.9 g/100 g. Overall, A-865 had the lowest fruit weight (134.0 g) and pH (3.3), and the highest firmness (35.8 N), soluble solids (14.7%), titratable acidity (1.1%), total sugars (10.4 g/100 g), and total organic acids (0.8 g/100 g). ‘White River’ had the largest fruit (330.2 g) and pit (11.06 g). A-850 (63.6) had the highest soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio, and ‘Bowden’ (12.7) had the lowest. A trained descriptive sensory panel (n = 10) was used to create a lexicon for Arkansas-grown fresh-market peaches and nectarines. The panel evaluated the fruit for aroma (n = 4), external appearance (n = 8), internal appearance and pit attributes (n = 6), basic tastes (n = 3), aromatics while eating fruit (n = 5), feeling factors (n = 2), and texture (n = 6). Principal component analysis explained 63.4% of the data variance attributed to texture and acidity. Of all of the physicochemical attributes, firmness had the most significant correlations with the descriptive sensory attributes, followed by fruit weight. Firmness was negatively correlated (r = −0.70 to 0.81) to fruit size, fuzziness, amount of bruises on the flesh, pit size, and moisture release, and positively correlated (r = 0.68–0.84) to sourness, green/unripe aromatics, flesh hardness, flesh crispness, and fibrousness between the teeth. Fruit weight was positively correlated (r = 0.67–0.75) to fruit and pit size, overripe aromatics, and moisture release. Significant correlations between descriptive sensory appearance, basic tastes, aromatics, and texture attributes with physicochemical attributes provide an indication of ripeness and marketability parameters for peaches and nectarines. These descriptive attributes are quality factors that impact consumer purchases and perception of fresh-market peaches and nectarines.
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Ruiz, Ana I., María I. Mercado, María E. Guantay, and Graciela I. Ponessa. "Anatomía e histoquímica foliar y caulinar de Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae)." Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica 54, no. 3 (September 24, 2019): 325–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v54.n3.25357.
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Introducción y objetivos: Moringa oleifera, es un árbol cultivado en regiones tropicales y subtropicales. Valorado por sus múltiples usos ornamentales, alimenticios, forrajeros, medicinales e industriales, ha sido recientemente incluido en el Código Alimentario Argentino. El objetivo fue estudiar la anatomía e histoquímica foliar y caulinar de ejemplares de M. oleifera, cultivados en Tucumán, Argentina y señalar caracteres de valor diagnóstico para su identificación. M&M: Las muestras fueron procesadas mediante técnicas estándares para microscopía óptica y electrónica. Resultados: M. oleifera presenta hojas compuestas, pinnadas con folíolos de venación pinnada, camptódroma-broquidódroma. Lámina foliar con ceras epicuticulares, tricomas eglandulares, estomas actinocíticos y anomocíticos, mesofilo dorsiventral con proteínas y lípidos, y haces colaterales. Campos glandulares formados por nectarios extraflorales estipitados, tricomas glandulares y eglandulares. Peciólulo, raquis y pecíolo presentan contorno circular a sub-circular, con un haz o un anillo de haces colaterales, delimitados por esclerénquima. Médula del pecíolo con 1-2 conductos secretores, conteniendo proteínas, alcaloides, mucílagos y lípidos. Tallo con médula parenquimática con 1-2 conductos secretores e idioblastos cristalíferos (cristales solitarios de oxalato de calcio). Idioblastos con fenoles, taninos, saponinas, triterpenos, polisacáridos y proteínas, en foliólulo, peciólulo, raquis, pecíolo y tallo. Se describe por primera vez para M. oleifera, su arquitectura foliolar, la presencia de campos glandulares e histología del nectario y del pecíolo; así como, la histoquímica de sus órganos vegetativos aéreos. Los caracteres de valor diagnóstico para M. oleifera son: tricomas, presencia de campos glandulares, nectarios extraflorales, idioblastos y conductos secretores.
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Limon, John. "Nectarines." Yale Journal of Criticism 10, no. 1 (1997): 121–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/yale.1997.0007.
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Bilgere, George. "Nectarines." Missouri Review 24, no. 3 (2001): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.2001.0139.
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Cook, Nigel C., Etienne Rabe, and Gerard Jacobs. "Early Expression of Apical Control Regulates Length and Crotch Angle of Sylleptic Shoots in Peach and Nectarine." HortScience 34, no. 4 (July 1999): 604–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.4.604.
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Syllepsis is the predominant mode of branching in young peach and nectarine trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. Cultivars differ considerably in expression of apical control of sylleptic shoots. This has practical implications regarding tree training. Four cultivars were selected for increasing apical control by the central shoot axis, viz., `Zaigina', `Mayglo', `Fiesta Red' (all nectarines), and `Oom Sarel' (clingstone peach), respectively. Young, actively growing shoots were harvested when ≈300 mm in length, at a time when development of sylleptic shoots (laterals) had begun. Length, crotch angle, and position (as distance from the apex) of the laterals were recorded. When length of the laterals was plotted against their position, two zones were observed. The gradient of length vs. position was shallower in the distal than in the proximal zone. Autonomy in lateral shoots can be described as their ability to grow independently of apical control by the apex of the branch. Autonomy of laterals near the branch apex increased with their length. In `Zaigina' this was established via a more distal start of the second zone, and in `Mayglo' via an increased gradient in the second zone. The early loss or maintenance of apical control regulates architecture in sylleptically branched peach and nectarine shoots. Crotch angle widening of laterals appears to be largely dependent on position, but in some cultivars, such as `Mayglo', other factors are also involved. The data provide evidence of correlative phenomena between actively growing shoots.
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Obenland, David, Paul Neipp, Bruce Mackey, and Lisa Neven. "Peach and Nectarine Quality Following Treatment with High-temperature Forced Air Combined with Controlled Atmosphere." HortScience 40, no. 5 (August 2005): 1425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.5.1425.
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Yellow- and white-fleshed peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] and nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. nectarina (Ait) Maxim.] cultivars of mid- and late-season maturity classes were subjected to combined controlled atmosphere–temperature treatment system (CATTS) using heating rates of either 12 °C/hour (slow rate) or 24 °C/hour (fast rate) with a final chamber temperature of 46 °C, while maintaining a controlled atmosphere (CA) of 1 kPa oxygen and 15 kPa carbon dioxide. Fruit seed surface temperatures generally reached 45 °C within 160 minutes and 135 minutes for the slow and fast heating rate, respectively. The total duration of the slow heating rate treatment was 3 hours, while 2.5 h was required for the fast heating rate treatment. Following treatment the fruit were stored at 1 °C for either 1, 2, or 3 weeks followed by a ripening period of 2 to 4 d at 23 °C and subsequent evaluation of fruit quality. Fruit quality was similar for both heating rate treatments. Compared with the untreated controls, CATTS fruit displayed higher amounts of surface injury, although increased injury was only an important factor to marketability in cultivars that had high amounts of surface injury before treatment. The percentage of free juice in the flesh was slightly less in CATTS fruit early in storage but was often greater in treated fruit toward the end of the storage period. Slower rates of softening during fruit ripening were apparent in CATTS fruit. Soluble solids, acidity, weight loss and color all were either not affected or changed to a very small degree as a result of CATTS. Members of a trained sensory panel preferred the taste of untreated fruit over fruit that had been CATTS but the ratings of treated and nontreated fruit were generally similar and it is unclear whether an average consumer could detect the difference. Although further work needs to be done regarding the influence of CATTS on taste, it otherwise appears that CATTS does not adversely affect the marketability of good quality fruit and therefore shows promise as a nonchemical quarantine treatment for peaches and nectarines.
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Olivos, Andrés, Scott Johnson, Qin Xiaoqiong, and Carlos H. Crisosto. "Fruit Phosphorous and Nitrogen Deficiencies Affect ‘Grand Pearl’ Nectarine Flesh Browning." HortScience 47, no. 3 (March 2012): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.3.391.
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Fruit flesh browning (FB) is a major component of cold storage disorders that limits fresh and fresh cut fruit consumption. Using fertigation, nutrient deficiencies were imposed on ‘Grand Pearl’ nectarines (Prunus persica var. nectarina) grown in sand culture for 8 years and postharvest flesh browning was studied over 2 years. Antioxidant activity, polyphenol oxidase activity, total phenolics, and fruit FB potential were evaluated. Nutrient deficiencies did not always result in leaf or fruit tissue deficiency, indicating complex interactions among nutrients during uptake and use in the plant and its fruit. Low phosphorus and nitrogen fruit concentrations were associated with biochemical browning reactions in fruit flesh at harvest and with fruit FB during storage, signs of a shorter market life and lower consumer quality. Currently recommended leaf and fruit nutrient critical values are based only on production and do not address postharvest quality. Further research is needed to determine new recommended leaf and fruit nutrient values suitable for both production and maintaining fruit quality during storage.
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McLaren, G. F., J. A. Fraser, and P. A. Alspach. "New Zealand flower thrips and their impact on nectarine fruit diseases." New Zealand Plant Protection 56 (August 1, 2003): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2003.56.6035.
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Insecticides fungicides and a bactericide were applied in spring 2001 and 2002 to nectarine trees to determine the impact of thrips (mainly New Zealand flower thrips Thrips obscuratus) on summerfruit pathogens Thrips numbers were assessed over 7 weeks from the beginning of flowering The insecticide programme increased the proportion of fruit meeting export standards for thrips damage but did not influence the level of either brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola or the bacterial diseases bacterial blast (Pseudomonas syringae) and bacterial spot (Xanthomonas arboricola pv pruni) The fungicide programme reduced the level of brown rot Cumulative thrips counts were positively correlated with levels of brown rot infection on the fruit at harvest time in 2001/02 (P002) and 2002/03 (P009) and bacterial disease symptoms in 2001/ 02 (P003) It was concluded that New Zealand flower thrips could increase levels of disease in nectarines but the value of treating with insecticides was not clear
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López, María M., Pablo Lopez-Soriano, Jerson Garita-Cambronero, Carmen Beltrán, Geraldine Taghouti, Perrine Portier, Jaime Cubero, Marion Fischer-Le Saux, and Ester Marco-Noales. "Xanthomonas prunicola sp. nov., a novel pathogen that affects nectarine (Prunus persica var. nectarina) trees." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 68, no. 6 (June 1, 2018): 1857–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.002743.
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Karabaeva, Ra"no Botirovna, Alidzhan Aminovich Ibragimov, and Otabek Mamadaliyevich Nazarov. "COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL PRUNUS PERSICA VAR. NECTARINA GROWING IN UZBEKI-STAN." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2020046542.
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The article presents the results of determining the composition of essential oils of Prunus persica var. nectarina varieties "yellow nectarine" – "sariк luchchak (uzb.) ", growing in two regions of the Ferghana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The pale yellow essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation from un-dried fresh leaves of plants. The oil composition was determined by chromatography-mass spectrometry on an Agilent 7890 AGC 6890 N gas chromotograph with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (Agilent 5975C inert MSD) as a detector on an HP-5 MS quartz capillary column. An essential oil of pale yellow color was isolated from the leaves of plants. In the composition of essential oils, 56 and 61 compounds were identified in the first and second samples, respectively, wich is 94.55 and 96.00% of the total components. The dominant components of the first saple are camphor bicyclic monoterpene ketones (24.21%), α-thujone (15.00%) and β-thujone (4.27%), aromatic aldehyde benzaldehyde (18.83%) and isobornoleol bicyclic monoterpene alcohol (6.17%). In the second sample, bicyclic monoterpenic ketones (camphor) (36.67%), α-thujone (21.81%) and β-thujone (7.06%) and bicyclic monoterpene alcohol isobornoleol (9.4%) predominate and monocyclic unsaturated monoterpene α-terpinene (2.18%). In both samples, (+)-2-bornanone (camphor) is predominant. The studied variety Prunus persica var. nectarina can serve as a raw material for the production of essential oil, the main components of which are camphor and isobornoleol.
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Yaghmour, Mohammad A., Richard M. Bostock, James E. Adaskaveg, and Themis J. Michailides. "Propiconazole Sensitivity in Populations of Geotrichum candidum, the Cause of Sour Rot of Peach and Nectarine, in California." Plant Disease 96, no. 5 (May 2012): 752–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-11-0796.
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The sour rot pathogen of peach (Prunus persica var. persica) and nectarine (P. persica var. nectarina) fruit, Geotrichum candidum, can cause significant postharvest losses in California fruit production. Harvested peach and nectarine fruit, treated with fungicide at the packinghouse but culled after inspection because of disease and defects, were collected for further assessment and pathogen isolation. The incidence of fruit with sour rot was 3.4 ± 1.0 to 26.1 ± 2.3%. Culled fruit that had been treated with postharvest fungicides from five different orchards had a significantly higher incidence of sour rot when compared with nontreated fruit. Since August 2006, propiconazole has been used as a postharvest treatment to protect peach and nectarine fruit against sour rot. The mean effective concentration that inhibits 50% of mycelial growth (EC50) value of 57 isolates of G. candidum to propiconazole collected before and during 2006 was 0.072 μg/ml. However, 61 isolates from propiconazole-treated, diseased fruit collected from 2007 to 2009 had a mean EC50 value for mycelial growth of 0.378 μg/ml, a fivefold shift in mean sensitivity. Propiconazole applied as either a protective or curative treatment significantly reduced disease severity and decay development in fruit inoculated with a propiconazole-sensitive isolate. The fungicide was significantly less effective when applied as a preventive or a curative application to fruit that were inoculated with a less-sensitive isolate of G. candidum. Under laboratory conditions, isolates of the pathogen less sensitive to propiconazole were stable over multiple transfers on fungicide-free medium. The potential for the development of G. candidum populations with reduced sensitivity to propiconazole and the increased risk of crop loss due to the practice of returning culled fruit to production orchards are discussed.
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Engel, Karl Heinz, Robert A. Flath, Ron G. Buttery, Thomas R. Mon, David W. Ramming, and Roy Teranishi. "Investigation of volatile constituents in nectarines. 1. Analytical and sensory characterization of aroma components in some nectarine cultivars." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 36, no. 3 (May 1988): 549–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00081a036.
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Farina, Lo Bianco, and Mazzaglia. "Evaluation of Late-Maturing Peach and Nectarine Fruit Quality by Chemical, Physical, and Sensory Determinations." Agriculture 9, no. 9 (September 3, 2019): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9090189.
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In this work, both analytical and sensory determinations were carried out to evaluate the quality of yellow (‘Summerset‘, ‘Tardiva 2000‘, ‘Fairtime”, ‘Guglielmina’) and white flesh (‘Daniela’) late-ripening peach and nectarine (‘California’ and ‘Fairlane’) cultivars. Analytical measurements included weight, diameter, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, pH, and peel color. To describe and quantify the peach and nectarine sensory profile, a panel of 10 judges generated 15 descriptors. According to univariate analysis of fruit quality attributes, ‘Fairtime’, ‘Summerset, ‘Daniela’, and ‘California’ produced large and attractive fruits with an extensive red peel color. On the other hand, ‘Guglielmina’, ‘Daniela’, ‘Tardiva 2000’, and ‘Fairlane’ produced superior quality fruit in terms of soluble solids, titratable acidity, sweetness, and flavor. The white flesh peach ‘Daniela’ produced fruits with the best balance between external and internal quality. Cluster analysis on standardized component coordinates from biplot analysis allowed for the identification of two main groups. One group included ‘Daniela’, ‘Guglielmin’, ‘Tardiva 2000’, and ‘Fairlane’, along with attributes that are more indicative of ripe fruit such as soluble solids, sweetness, sugar/acid, juiciness, ground color index, peel color uniformity, flesh color intensity, mealiness, peach odor and flavor, and flower odor and flavor. The other group included ‘Summerset’, ‘Fairtime’, and ‘California’ along with weight, diameter, consistency, flesh firmness, percentage of cover color, bitterness, titratable acidity, sour odor and flavor, and grassy odor and flavor. The dual approach adopted in this study indicates that cultivars with large and attractive fruits are often lacking real eating quality. This poses serious doubts on the real value of exterior appearance for recognizing high-quality peaches and nectarines.
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Reginato, Gabino, Terence Robinson, and Victor Garcia de Cortazar. "Predicted Crop Value for a Cling Peach and Three Nectarines of Different Harvest Seasons as a Function of Crop Load." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 995C—995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.995c.
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Several field experiments to assess the effect of tree size and crop load on fruit size and yield were conducted in a `Ross' cling peach orchard and in three nectarine orchards of different harvest seasons in Chile. Trees were randomly selected in each orchard and then hand-thinned at the beginning of pit hardening to a wide range of crop loads. The fraction of above-canopy photosynthetically active radiation intercepted by the canopy (PARi) was determined at harvest and all fruits were counted, weighted, and average fruit weight calculated. Cropload and yield were expressed in terms of fraction of PARi. Data on farm gate prices for export fruit of different sizes and export dates were obtained from a Chilean export company. For each orchard, the relationship between cropload and fruit size or cropload and yield efficiency was assessed by regression analysis. Fruit size distribution was calculated from adjusted fruit size assuming a normal fruit size distribution and valued according to shipment date and price. Using crop load as a covariate, fruit size adjusted for cropload was calculated for each nectarine orchard. Differences in adjusted fruit size and yield efficiency were detected among cultivars. Predicted crop value, normalized in terms of PARi intercepted, was calculated for all the cultivars. Large differences in predicted crop value were found for early, mid-season, and late-ripening nectarines. The early and late ripening cultivars showed the highest predicted crop value, especially at lower crop loads and larger fruit sizes. On the other hand, `Ross' cling peach showed its highest crop value at a medium crop load with high yield and relatively small fruit size. (Funded by FONDECYT grant 1930695.)
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Lay-Yee, Michael, and Kellie J. Rose. "Quality of `Fantasia' Nectarines following Forced-air Heat Treatments for Insect Disinfestation." HortScience 29, no. 6 (June 1994): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.6.663.
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`Fantasia' nectarine fruit [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. nectarina (Ait.) Maxim.], held at 0C for ≤ 1 week following harvest, were forced-air heated either immediately after removal from cold storage or after an overnight pretreatment at 20C. Fruit were heated to 41,43, or 46 ± lC for 24,36, or 48 hours. Following treatment, fruit were stored for 3 weeks at 0C, held at 20C for 1 or 5 days, and then assessed for quality. No significant damage, relative to nonheated controls, was observed in pretreated fruit subjected to 41C for 24 hours. Nonpretreated fruit given the same treatment showed only a slight increase in damage relative to controls. Higher temperatures and longer treatment times, however, were associated with an increased incidence of fruit damage (scald, internal browning, or decay). Heat treatment was associated with reduction in ethylene production and titratable acidity of the fruit following storage.
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Stpiczyńska, Małgorzata, and Jacek Pielecki. "Structure of floral nectaries, nectar production and sugar composition in nectar of 7 species of Vicia L. Fabaceae." Acta Agrobotanica 52, no. 1-2 (2013): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1999.006.
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Nectaries of investigated species of <em>Vicia</em> were ranked into 3 morphological types: automorphic (<em>V. sepium</em> L.), transitoric (<em>V. angustifolia</em> L., <em>V. sativa</em> L., <em>V. villosa</em> Roth, <em>V. cracca</em> L.) and flat, epimorphic (<em>V. hirsuta</em> (L.) S. F. Gray and <em>V. tetrasperma</em> (L.) Schreb.). The best nectaring was connected with well defined nectary structure, and moreover quantity of nectar was correlated with nectary size but was not depended on number of secretory stomata. Sucrose dominated in the nectar of 6 species of vetches, the exception was balanced nectar of <em>V. tetrasperma</em>.