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Journal articles on the topic 'Need of Surface Conditioning'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Szawioła-Kirejczyk, Magdalena, Karolina Chmura, Krzysztof Gronkiewicz, Andrzej Gala, Jolanta E. Loster, and Wojciech Ryniewicz. "Adhesive Cementation of Zirconia Based Ceramics-Surface Modification Methods Literature Review." Coatings 12, no. 8 (2022): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081067.

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Introduction: The conditioning procedures for glass-based ceramic restorations before adhesive cementation are generally recognized. In the case of polycrystalline ceramics, which include zirconium oxide, there is still no standardized protocol. The aim of this work was to present conditioning methods of the cementation surface of zirconium oxide fixed dentures. The new generation high translucency zirconia has been also considered. Material and method: The following keywords for the PUBMED and EMBASE databases were used: zirconium oxide, zirconium oxide with increased translucency, bond stren

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Cavenago, M., M. Barbisan, R. S. Delogu, et al. "Volume and surface effects in Cs-free regimes in NIO1." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 09 (2023): C09009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/09/c09009.

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Abstract NIO1 (Negative Ion Optimization phase 1) is a compact multiaperture radiofrequency H- ion source whose design was optimized for sustainable prolonged beam on target operation; for installation economy, its size was drastically reduced with respect to fusion device D- sources, down to a plasma volume of 1.6 × 10-3 m-3. Even if Cesium improves H- production as well known, also Cs-free regimes (and intermediate regimes) well deserve some development effort, in view of avoiding long term contamination of the accelerator and for use as cleaning procedure. Data collected by NIO1 in a true C

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Chen, Yijiang, and Jun Zhang. "Optimization of Air Supply Conditions for Large Space Radiant Air Conditioning Based on Response Surface Analysis." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 9, no. 1 (2024): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.9.1.384.2024.

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In large spaces, the comfort control of radiant air conditioning systems still has deficiencies. Mainly reliant on traditional parameter control methods, the interaction effects of diverse operating conditions are not taken into account, and the control results are still in need of optimization. To improve indoor air conditioning comfort control and address gaps in existing research, the response surface analysis method combined with numerical simulation is applied to determine the optimal air supply conditions for large-space radiant air conditioning. With the real model as a reference, simul

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Alzainal, Ali H., Ahmed Shehab Majud, Abdulfatah M. Al-Ani, and Adil O. Mageet. "Orthodontic Bonding: Review of the Literature." International Journal of Dentistry 2020 (July 14, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8874909.

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Background. Patients seeking orthodontic treatment are increasing, and clinicians often have to place brackets on various surfaces aside from enamel. It is crucial to know what materials or instruments are required to bond brackets to each surface. Objective. This study aims to serve as a clinical guideline for the safest and most effective approaches taken to condition various surfaces for bonding to orthodontic brackets and provide background knowledge on the subject. Materials and Methods. PubMed and EBSCO databases were searched, along with the use of Google Scholar search engine, to obtai

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Saleh, Muhammad, Puteri Fitriaty, and Andi Jiba Rifai Bassaleng. "Performance of Green Roofs on Building Energy Efficiency in Tropical and Subtropical Climates." Technium Social Sciences Journal 68 (February 8, 2025): 316–31. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v68i1.12411.

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This research examines the performance of green roof architectural designs in enhancing energy efficiency in buildings within tropical and subtropical climates. Green roofs, which integrate vegetation and planting media, can improve energy efficiency by reducing the heat absorbed by buildings, thereby increasing indoor thermal comfort and lowering the need for air conditioning. The study employs a comparative method to analyse the performance of green roofs in improving energy efficiency across both climates. From 218 selected searches, 15 studies indicate that both intensive and extensive gre

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EDUARDO, Carlos de Paula, Wilson Tavares de OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, Silvio Issáo MYAKI, and Denise Maria ZEZELL. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF COMPOSITE RESIN TO DENTAL ENAMEL CONDITIONED WITH PHOSPHORIC ACID OR Nd: YAG LASER." Revista de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo 11, no. 4 (1997): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-06631997000400004.

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This study has been focused on a comparison between the shear bond strength of a composite resin attached to dental enamel surface, after a 35% phosphoric acid etching and after a Nd:YAG laser irradiation with 165.8 J/cm2 of energy density per pulse. After etching and attaching resin to these surfaces, the specimens were thermocycled and then underwent the shearing bond strength tests at a speed of 5 mm/min. The results achieved, after statistical analysis with Student's t-test, showed that the adhesion was significantly greater in the 35% phosphoric acid treated group than in the group treate

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Flanagan, Dennis. "Photofunctionalization of Dental Implants." Journal of Oral Implantology 42, no. 5 (2016): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-15-00145.

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After dental implants are manufactured there can be a loss of biological activity that may be reactivated by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, that is, photofunctionalization. The titanium surface is energy conditioned by UV radiation. This imparts a slight positive surface energy and hydrophilicity to the titanium dental implant surface. This conditioning renews biological activity lost after a shelf life of as little as 2 weeks. The UV radiation has chemical and biological effects on the osseous-implant interface. Photofunctionization for as little as 15 minutes accelerates healing and

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Rafael, Caroline Freitas, Valquíria Quinelato, Carolina Schaffer Morsch, Gustavo DeDeus, and Claudia Mendonca Reis. "Morphological Analysis of Dentin Surface after Conditioning with Two Different methods: Chemical and Mechanical." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 17, no. 1 (2016): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1803.

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ABSTRACT Background Alternative pretreatment strategies of dentin and adhesionare constantly being developed and studied with the goal of improving the adhesion of resin restorative materials with this tissue. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the ability of airborne-particle abrasion (APA) with aluminum oxide on dentin to remove the smear layer and the effects produced on the dentin microstructure. Materials and methods The phosphoric acid (PA) was used for a comparison. For that, 20 human third molars were randomly allocated into two experimental groups, according to the d

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Levermore, Geoffrey, Stefan Vandaele, and John Parkinson. "Temperature adjustments for design data for urban air conditioning design." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, no. 2 (2017): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624417748246.

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The urban heat island, where the urban area air temperature is higher than the nearby rural or semi-rural air temperature reference site, is now hopefully well known. The urban heat island intensity is the actual urban air temperature minus the rural air temperature. However, the “air conditioned urban heat island intensity” is measured by the air temperature sensor in an air conditioning condenser unit minus the rural air temperature. This is often different to the standard urban heat island intensity. Designers need to appreciate this difference, as it determines how the air conditioning sys

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Risse, Konstantin, Matthias Schorgel, Dirk Bartel, Bernhard Karpuschewski, and Florian Welzel. "Resource-efficient piston ring/cylinder liner pairing." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 71, no. 1 (2019): 154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-06-2018-0250.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of different finish processes on the surface integrity and tribological behaviour of cylinder running surfaces for internal combustion engines. Design/methodology/approach The cutting force during finishing and the resulting surface topography was measured for a variety of cylinder running surfaces made of EN-GJL-250, EN-GJV-400 and thermal sprayed aluminium alloy. A separate conditioning tool was developed and tested. Different analysis methods (SEM, EDX, SIMS and FIB) for the characterisation of the boundary conditions were us

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Gottumukkala, Sruthima N. V. S., Mikkili Rajya Lakshmi, Gautami S. Penmetsa, K. S. V. Ramesh, Mohan Kumar Pasupuleti, and Vivek Bypalli. "Scanning electron microscopic analysis of 5% glycolic acid as a novel alternative to 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in root biomodification: An in vitro study." Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 28, no. 1 (2024): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_150_23.

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Abstract: Background: Nonsurgical periodontal therapy results in the formation of a smear layer which inhibits tissue regeneration. Root biomodification (RB) using various agents has been tried for the enhancement of new attachment formation. However, no substantial therapeutic advantages of currently available root conditioning agents have been reported emphasizing the need for additional biologically acceptable agents. Glycolic acid (GA) due to its antimicrobial nature and ability of initiation and proliferation of fibroblasts may potentially modify root surface enabling regeneration. Materi

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van Dorp, Dennis H., Daniel Cuypers, Sophia Arnauts, Paul W. Mertens, and Stefan de Gendt. "Cleaning of III-V Materials: Surface Chemistry Considerations." Solid State Phenomena 195 (December 2012): 98–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.195.98.

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Compound semiconductors based on group III and V elements of the periodic system have high charge carrier mobility and are, therefore, candidates for channel material in future CMOS devices [1]. In order to design wet chemical solutions that lead to appropriate surface pre-conditioning and allow for nanoscale processing and minimal substrate loss, a thorough understanding of the interactions between the substrate and the chemical solutions is needed and the basic etching mechanisms needs to be resolved. The focus of this research is on InP in acidic solutions. ESH aspects are also considered.

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Cascetta, F., and M. Musto. "Assessment of thermal comfort in a car cabin with sky-roof." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 221, no. 10 (2007): 1251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto264.

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The need to address the problem of thermal comfort inside a car cabin is becoming more significant for the automobile industry especially as recent developments in vehicle styling entail an increase in the glazed surfaces of the car, in particular for sky-roof models. The extended glazed surfaces produce an increase in radiative thermal loads on the area involved and so greater attention is being given to the enhancement and upgrading of the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system capacity, and efforts are being made to find solutions to the problem of thermal comfort inside the cabi

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Niemczewska-Wójcik, Magdalena, Thomas Mathia, and Artur Wójcik. "Measurement Techniques Used for Analysis of the Geometric Structure of Machined Surfaces." Management and Production Engineering Review 5, no. 2 (2014): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mper-2014-0014.

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Abstract The quality of machined surfaces, resulting from the manufacturing process and conditioning their functionality, is determined by the surface geometric structure (SGS). There is a close relationship between surface properties, shape, qualitative imagining of the surface topography, technique and technology employed for machining purposes [1, 2]. If a given surface is to have practical applications in engineering, the correct technological process needs to be chosen. In the paper, various techniques used for measuring the surface geometric structure were described. The results of the s

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MACHUGA, OLEG, and TETYANA OLYANYSHEN. "STUDY OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN WOOD-COMPOSITE MATERIALS BY MEANS OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 335, no. 3(1) (2024): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2024-335-3-20.

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Wood-composite materials (WCM), undergoes complex heat and mass transfer processes during its conditioning. Understanding these interactions is crucial for optimizing the conditioning process and ensuring high quality of the final product. This study focuses on the problem of modeling the interactions that occur during WCM conditioning, taking into account their characteristics that depend on temperature, moisture content, and density of the material. In addition, various input parameters are taken into account in the modeling process to set the optimal conditioning conditions. Despite the ava

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Baptista, Manuela C., Beatriz Moura Gomes, Diana Capela, et al. "Conditioning Solid-State Anode-Less Cells for the Next Generation of Batteries." Batteries 9, no. 8 (2023): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9080402.

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Anode-less batteries are a promising innovation in energy storage technology, eliminating the need for traditional anodes and offering potential improvements in efficiency and capacity. Here, we have fabricated and tested two types of anode-less pouch cells, the first using solely a copper negative current collector and the other the same current collector but coated with a nucleation seed ZnO layer. Both types of cells used the same all-solid-state electrolyte, Li2.99Ba0.005ClO composite, in a cellulose matrix and a LiFePO4 cathode. Direct and indirect methods confirmed Li metal anode plating

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Prabhjot Kaur. "Role of surfactants in cosmetic industry." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 14, no. 1 (2025): 1599–604. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2025.14.1.0136.

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The chemical that lowers surface tension is called a surfactant. Surfactants are utilised as raw ingredients in the production of a wide range of products, including soap, surface-active ionic liquids, nanoparticles, carbon nanotube dispersions, and cosmetics. Surfactants are essential for cleaning, conditioning, and foam stabilization in shampoos, conditioners, and styling solutions. The need for novel and environmentally friendly surfactants is growing along with the cosmetics sector. Current patterns include Bio-based Surfactants, Mild Surfactants, Sustainable Processes. Amino acid and surf

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Mr., Jadhav Vishal, and D. S. Patil Mr. "Experimental Analysis of Automotive Exhaust Heat Exchanger for Thermal Uniformity." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 3 (2018): 2096–99. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd11702.

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The I.C. Engines are losing large amount of heat into environment directly. This waste heat can be reused for other purpose like TEG, Air conditioning etc. A heat exchanger is a device that is used to transfer thermal energy between two or more fluids, between a solid surface and a fluid, or between solid particulates and a fluid, at different temperatures and in thermal contact. In case of TEG there is need to have temperature uniformity on surface of heat exchanger is important. So, it is important design achieve thermal uniformity for converting the heat into other form of energy effectivel

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Gu, Ya Xiu, Tian Wang, Wei Liu, and Feng Feng Ma. "Energy-Saving Analysis and Heat Transfer Performance of Wastewater Source Heat Pump." Applied Mechanics and Materials 694 (November 2014): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.694.211.

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There is a large potential in the heat loss from the urban wastewater. In all kinds of low-grade heat sources, urban wastewater is gradually widely used because of its advantages such as huge quantities, small variation of temperature, warm in winter and cool in summer, etc. By integrating a heat pump to utilize this heat, the wastewater source heat pump (WWSHP), which is a new water reuse and treatment strategy to tackle the water problems of China and to realize the sustainable development, recovers the heat of wastewater. The WWSHP air conditioning system as residential application can redu

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Romahadi, Dedik, Nanang Ruhyat, and L. B. Desti Dorion. "CONDENSOR DESIGN ANALYSIS WITH KAYS AND LONDON SURFACE DIMENSIONS." SINERGI 24, no. 2 (2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2020.2.001.

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The use of condensers in air conditioning units is more common in large-capacity units than in ones with a smaller capacity. Air conditioning provides comfort and freshness to an air-conditioned room. It should be noted that each room has a different heat load, which affects the specifications of the condenser used. The accuracy with which appropriate condenser specifications are determined affects the performance of the air conditioner. Thus, considering how important condenser needs are, it is necessary to design condensers with optimal performance, which adhere to proven standards. To achie

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Brinkerhoff, Douglas, Andy Aschwanden, and Mark Fahnestock. "Constraining subglacial processes from surface velocity observations using surrogate-based Bayesian inference." Journal of Glaciology 67, no. 263 (2021): 385–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.112.

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AbstractBasal motion is the primary mechanism for ice flux in Greenland, yet a widely applicable model for predicting it remains elusive. This is due to the difficulty in both observing small-scale bed properties and predicting a time-varying water pressure on which basal motion putatively depends. We take a Bayesian approach to these problems by coupling models of ice dynamics and subglacial hydrology and conditioning on observations of surface velocity in southwestern Greenland to infer the posterior probability distributions for eight spatially and temporally constant parameters governing t

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Kunrath, Marcel F., André Correia, Eduardo R. Teixeira, Roberto Hubler, and Christer Dahlin. "Superhydrophilic Nanotextured Surfaces for Dental Implants: Influence of Early Saliva Contamination and Wet Storage." Nanomaterials 12, no. 15 (2022): 2603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12152603.

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Hydrophilic and nanotextured surfaces for dental implants have been reported as relevant properties for early osseointegration. However, these surface characteristics are quite sensitive to oral interactions. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to investigate the superficial alterations caused on hydrophilic nanotubular surfaces after early human saliva interaction. Titanium disks were treated using an anodization protocol followed by reactive plasma application in order to achieve nanotopography and hydrophilicity, additionally; surfaces were stored in normal atmospheric oxygen or wet condition

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Ha, Thang N., Kurt J. Marfurt, Bradley C. Wallet, and Bryce Hutchinson. "Pitfalls and implementation of data conditioning, attribute analysis, and self-organizing maps to 2D data: Application to the Exmouth Plateau, North Carnarvon Basin, Australia." Interpretation 7, no. 3 (2019): SG23—SG42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2018-0248.1.

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Recent developments in attribute analysis and machine learning have significantly enhanced interpretation workflows of 3D seismic surveys. Nevertheless, even in 2018, many sedimentary basins are only covered by grids of 2D seismic lines. These 2D surveys are suitable for regional feature mapping and often identify targets in areas not covered by 3D surveys. With continuing pressure to cut costs in the hydrocarbon industry, it is crucial to extract as much information as possible from these 2D surveys. Unfortunately, much if not most modern interpretation software packages are designed to work

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Demirci, Selami, Nandini Mondal, Wayne Austin, et al. "CD117 Antibody Conditioning and Multiplex Base Editing Enable Rapid and Robust Fetal Hemoglobin Reactivation in a Rhesus Autologous Transplantation Model." Blood 144, Supplement 1 (2024): 516. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-204403.

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Current genetic therapies for sickle cell disease (SCD) require busulfan or other myeloablative conditioning regimens prior to cell infusion. Busulfan leads to both acute and chronic toxicities including infertility, organ injury and the potential for increased rates of malignancy. Due to the significant adverse effects of myeloablative conditioning with busulfan or other conditioning agents, many patients will not be eligible or will not choose to receive a potentially transformative therapy. To address this challenge, we developed a non-genotoxic conditioning strategy with our Engineered Ste

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Salamanca, F., M. Georgescu, A. Mahalov, and M. Moustaoui. "Summertime Response of Temperature and Cooling Energy Demand to Urban Expansion in a Semiarid Environment." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 54, no. 8 (2015): 1756–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-14-0313.1.

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AbstractThis article explores regional impacts on near-surface air temperature and air conditioning (AC) electricity consumption due to projected urban expansion in a semiarid environment. In addition to the modern-day urban landscape setting, two projected urban expansion scenarios are analyzed with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled to a multilayer building energy scheme. The authors simulate a 10-day extreme heat period at high spatial resolution (1-km horizontal grid spacing) over Arizona, one of the fastest-growing regions in the United States. Results show that replacemen

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Jaiswal, Akanksha, and Lata Dyaram. "Diversity: a matter of reality or perception?" International Journal of Organizational Analysis 26, no. 5 (2018): 798–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-01-2018-1324.

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PurposeWhile extant literature is replete with studies on actual diversity, research on perceived diversity is scant. The authors examine perceived diversity as an underlying mechanism explaining the effect of actual diversity on affect-related outcome (employee well-being).Design/methodology/approachIn total, 617 full-time employees from large organizations representing varied industries in India have participated in the survey-based study. The authors used PROCESS macro for mediation analysis.FindingsAn index estimating actual surface-level diversity was found to correlate significantly with

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Sharifi, Ehsan, and Steffen Lehmann. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SURFACE URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT OF ROOFTOPS AND STREETSCAPES IN CENTRAL SYDNEY." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 9, no. 1 (2015): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2015.v9n1.003011.

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Cities are frequently experiencing artificial heat stress, known as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. The UHI effect is commonly present in cities due to increased urbanization, where anthropogenic heat and human modifications have altered the characteristics of surfaces and atmosphere. Urban structure, land cover and metabolism are underlined as UHI key contributors and can result in higher urban densities being up to 10°C hotter compared to their peri-urban surroundings. The UHI effect increases the health-risk of spending time outdoors and boosts the need for energy consumption, particula

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Sharifi, Ehsan, and Steffen Lehmann. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SURFACE URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT OF ROOFTOPS AND STREETSCAPES IN CENTRAL SYDNEY." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 9, no. 1 (2015): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2015.v9n1.3-11.

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Cities are frequently experiencing artificial heat stress, known as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. The UHI effect is commonly present in cities due to increased urbanization, where anthropogenic heat and human modifications have altered the characteristics of surfaces and atmosphere. Urban structure, land cover and metabolism are underlined as UHI key contributors and can result in higher urban densities being up to 10°C hotter compared to their peri-urban surroundings. The UHI effect increases the health-risk of spending time outdoors and boosts the need for energy consumption, particula

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Chauhan, Piyush, Karl Hiekel, Maximilian Georgi, et al. "Electrochemical Surface Area Quantification, CO₂ Reduction Performance and Stability Studies of Au and Au-Cu Aerogels." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 49 (2022): 2087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01492087mtgabs.

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The efficient scale-up of CO2-reduction technologies is a pivotal step to facilitate intermittent energy storage and for closing the carbon cycle, and thus there is a strong need for catalysts with minimal side reactions and high specific surface areas. While the latter requirement is usually fulfilled by nanostructured catalysts, it is often combined with the use of carbon supports that improve the nanoparticles’ dispersion and concomitantly increases the catalysts’ electrochemical surface area (ECSA), but can also shift the product selectivity towards undesirable H2 due to the intrinsic H2-e

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Mayur, Dukare* Rafey Shaikh Rutuja Hirde Gaurav Sonune Surbhi Rawka Dr. Rao Javvaji. "Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 6 (2025): 137–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15572106.

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The increasing demand for natural and eco-friendly cosmetic products has led to the development of herbal shampoos as alternatives to synthetic formulations. This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a herbal shampoo using various plant-based ingredients known for their cleansing, conditioning, and antimicrobial properties. Selected herbs such as Neem, Acacia concinna (Shikakai), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Aloe vera, and Phyllanthus emblica (Amla) were used in the formulation. The prepared shampoo was evaluated for physicochemical parameters including pH, viscosity, foam stability,

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Roy, Snehangshu, R. K. Singh, Kiran Kumar Keshari, et al. "Reduction in Surface Defect in Continuous Cast Slab through Intervention in Process Parameters." Materials Science Forum 978 (February 2020): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.978.91.

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Occurrence of defects like crack on the surface of the cast products has long been recognized as a critical challenge for steelmakers in the continuous casting. Cracks on the surface can severely reduce yield and required further operations like salvage and scarfing. Depending on the severity of defect slabs can be diverted or in worst cases a slab can be rejected altogether if the defect cannot be removed by surface conditioning. Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP) of Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) produces continuously cast slabs as feed material for plate mills and hot strip mill. Sometimes

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SCHOLZ, Dieter. "Routes of Aircraft Cabin Air Contamination from Engine Oil, Hydraulic and Deicing Fluid." INCAS BULLETIN 14, no. 1 (2022): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2022.14.1.13.

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Purpose: This paper discusses potential contamination of the air in passenger aircraft cabins. It gives an overview of cabin air contamination basics. It further names possible contamination sources and possible routes of contamination. – Methodology: Evidence follows from a review of material found on the Internet and from the documentation of a visit to an aircraft recycling site. Parts were retrieved at the site and investigated later with more time. – Findings: Jet engine seals leak oil in small quantities. Metallic nanoparticles are found in the oil and have been detected in human fatty t

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Nie, Changliang, Xueyun Geng, Runqi Zhang, Lina Wang, Ling Li, and Jianmin Chen. "Abundant Cyanobacteria in Autumn Adhering to the Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) in Shanghai." Microorganisms 11, no. 7 (2023): 1835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071835.

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Cyanobacteria are ever-present, mainly flourishing in aquatic environments and surviving virtually in other habitats. The microbiota of indoor dust on the pre-filter of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, which reflect indoor microbial contamination and affect human health, has attracted attention. Contemporary studies on cyanobacteria deposited on the pre-filter of HVAC remain scant. By the culture-independent approach of qPCR and high throughput sequencing technologies, our results documented that the cyanobacterial concentrations were highest in autumn, occurred recur

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Stangeby, P. C., E. A. Unterberg, J. W. Davis, et al. "Developing solid-surface plasma facing components for pilot plants and reactors with replenishable wall claddings and continuous surface conditioning. Part B: required research in present tokamaks." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 64, no. 5 (2022): 055003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ac55f8.

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Abstract The companion part A paper (Stangeby et al 2022) reports a number of independent estimates indicating that high-duty-cycle DT tokamaks starting with pilot plants will likely experience rates of net erosion and deposition of solid PFC, plasma facing component, material in the range of 103 to 104 kg yr−1, regardless of the material used. The subsequent redeposition of such large quantities of material has the potential for major interference with tokamak operation. Similar levels and issues will be involved if ∼continuous low-Z powder dropping is used for surface conditioning of DT toka

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Pages-Ramon, Anna, Judit Lopez-Besora, and Carlos Alonso-Montolio. "Housing Energy Equivalence: A Graphical Approach." Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability 6 (2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rees/2021037.

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All buildings, even the most passive, need active energy to provide habitability. Apart from heating and cooling needs, which have been broadly studied and regulated, a significant percentage of the energy consumed in housing is due to home appliances. Furthermore, this value is increasing as the design of environmental conditioning becomes more efficient. The objective of this paper is to visualize the impact of these consumptions by a graphical equivalence that uses drawing to represent the surface area of photovoltaic modules that correspond to the energy demand. With this aim, a straightfo

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Pages-Ramon, Anna, Judit Lopez-Besora, and Carlos Alonso-Montolio. "Housing Energy Equivalence: A Graphical Approach." Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability 6 (2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rees/2021037.

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All buildings, even the most passive, need active energy to provide habitability. Apart from heating and cooling needs, which have been broadly studied and regulated, a significant percentage of the energy consumed in housing is due to home appliances. Furthermore, this value is increasing as the design of environmental conditioning becomes more efficient. The objective of this paper is to visualize the impact of these consumptions by a graphical equivalence that uses drawing to represent the surface area of photovoltaic modules that correspond to the energy demand. With this aim, a straightfo

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Olishevskyi, Illia, and Hennadiy Olishevskyi. "Automated method of calculation of parameters for non-traditional heating technologies and conditioning of buildings." Electrical Engineering and Power Engineering, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-6761-2021-3-4.

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Purpose. Develop an automated method for calculating parameters for heat pump systems for heating, air conditioning and hot water supply, designed for use in domestic conditions with non-standard heat transfer flows. Methodology. Mathematical modeling of thermodynamic processes occurring in heating, air conditioning and hot water supply systems. Findings. The automated method of calculating the parameters of non-traditional technology, which uses standard heat pump equipment of the water heating system for the cooling mode of the air in the warm period of the year, and the discharge of heat di

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Lawing, Andrew Scott. "On the Use of Pad Mechanical Properties as a Proxy for Conditioning Response." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 20 (2024): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01201260mtgabs.

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A proliferation of pad materials in recent years, coupled with the increasing complexity of process integration and limited resources available for process development, has highlighted the need for a more in depth understanding of conditioning interactions and better predictive tools for process and consumable design. We have previously noted a range of conditioning response as illustrated in Figure 1. As the figure illustrates, on some materials the surface height distribution imparted by the pad conditioner is shifted to the left relative to the exponential signature of the pad native porosi

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Heuzé, Y. "What Does Nasal Cavity Size Tell us about Functional Nasal Airways?" Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris 31, no. 1-2 (2018): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/bmsap-2018-0011.

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Studies on dry human skulls have shown that nasal cavity (NC) morphology varies with eco-geographic factors. These findings have been used by some authors to interpret the facial morphology of Neanderthals. However, respiratory and air-conditioning functions are primarily carried out by the nasal airways (NA), which are delimited by mucosa. The aims of this study were to test whether: (1) NC volume (V) and surface-area-to-volume ratio (SA/ V) are proportional to NA counterparts; (2) measurements for male NC and NA are larger than in females; (3) the centroid size (CS) of a set of landmarks mea

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Tonus, Bianca, Carlos Lautenschläger, Amanda Visintin, Vítor Faro, and Cristina Tsuha. "Site characterization for a study on shallow geothermal energy exploitation in Southern Brazil." Soils and Rocks 45, no. 1 (2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.2022.078221.

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The energy crisis scenario currently going on in Brazil, along with the need to reduce greenhouse emissions, lead to an urgent need to design buildings with greater energy efficiency. Shallow geothermal energy surges as a sustainable alternative to reduce the electricity consumption in buildings related to air conditioning and water heating systems. In Brazil, the use of this technique is still incipient due to the lack of studies that demonstrate its viability in the country’s climatic conditions, as well as underground temperature and demand for acclimatization of buildings. The aim of the c

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Scholz, Dieter. "Routes of Aircraft Cabin Air Contamination from Engine Oil, Hydraulic and Deicing Fluid." INCAS Bulletin 14, no. 1 (2022): 153–70. https://doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2022.14.1.13.

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<strong>Purpose</strong>: This paper discusses potential contamination of the air in passenger aircraft cabins. It gives an overview of cabin air contamination basics. It further names possible contamination sources and possible routes of contamination. <strong>Methodology</strong>: Evidence follows from a review of material found on the Internet and from the documentation of a visit to an aircraft recycling site. Parts were retrieved at the site and investigated later with more time. <strong>Findings</strong>: Jet engine seals leak oil in small quantities. Metallic nanoparticles are found in

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Vresdian, Devan Junesco, Legenda Prameswono Pratama, Pius Adrian Trisnaaji, Rizka Sabila Setyono, Adam Amril Jaharadak, and Shahad Al-yousif. "Linearity of Soil Moisture in Residential Plants Using Soil moisture sensor YL-69." Eksergi 20, no. 01 (2024): 14–17. https://doi.org/10.32497/eksergi.v20i01.5412.

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Planting media for plants is very important because various kinds of ornamental plants used in housing can grow well according to the needs of their respective conditions. Soil moisture is generally defined as the water contained on the unsaturated soil surface of the Earth. Soil moisture has an influence on the level of moisture needed by plants. The use of soil moisture sensor YL-69s is very popular, especially in the last 2 - 3 decades, where these sensors can review soil moisture and soil conditions in percentage form. However, how can the value of the soil moisture sensor YL-69 itself rep

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Manríquez, María, and Jaime Hamdan. "Concepts and techniques to improve resin/resin bonding. Literature Review." International Journal of Medical and Surgical Sciences 6, no. 1 (2019): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/ijmss.2019.009.

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The availability of new scientific information about the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of carious lesions and the introduction of reliable adhesive restorative materials substantially reduced the need of extensive tooth preparations. In order to achieve a successful procedure, an adequate bonding interface between old and new composite is required. The aim of this article is to review the concepts and techniques described in the literature for the improvement of resin-resin bonding. Bonding to dentin has been quite difficult to achieve. The difficulties are that dentin’s histological struc

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Totaro, Michele, Anna Costa, Beatrice Casini, et al. "Microbiological Air Quality in Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems of Surgical and Intensive Care Areas: The Application of a Disinfection Procedure for Dehumidification Devices." Pathogens 8, no. 1 (2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8010008.

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International literature data report that the increase of infectious risk may be due to heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems contaminated by airborne pathogens. Moreover, the presence of complex rotating dehumidification wheels (RDWs) may complicate the cleaning and disinfection procedures of the HVAC systems. We evaluated the efficacy of a disinfection strategy applied to the RDW of two hospitals’ HVAC systems. Hospitals have four RDW systems related to the surgical areas (SA1 and SA2) and to the intensive and sub-intensive care (IC and sIC) units. Microbiological air and

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Laukkanen, Liina, Cassiano R. A. F. Diniz, Sebastien Foulquier, Jos Prickaerts, Eero Castrén, and Plinio C. Casarotto. "Facilitation of TRKB Activation by the Angiotensin II Receptor Type-2 (AT2R) Agonist C21." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 8 (2021): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14080773.

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Blockers of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) exert antidepressant-like effects by indirectly facilitating the activation of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R), which leads to increased surface expression and transactivation of tropomyosin-related kinase B receptors (TRKB). Compound 21 (C21) is a non-peptide AT2R agonist that produces neuroprotective effects. However, the behavioral effects of C21 and its involvement with the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-TRKB system still need further investigation. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of C21 on the acti

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Cetik, Sibel, Thaï Hoang Ha, Léa Sitri, Hadrien Duterme, Viet Pham, and Ramin Atash. "Comparison of Shear Strength of Metal and Ceramic Orthodontic Brackets Cemented to Zirconia Depending on Surface Treatment: An In Vitro Study." European Journal of Dentistry 13, no. 02 (2019): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1694304.

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Abstract Objectives Due to the high demand for all-ceramic restorations, monolithic zirconia restorations are nowadays frequently used. With the demand for adult orthodontic treatments, orthodontists need to be mindful of the quality of their brackets bonding to this type of material, as it requires special conditioning. This study aimed to compare different surface treatments of zirconia when bonding metal or ceramic orthodontic brackets. The objectives are to compare the shear bond strength; the amount of adhesive remaining on the surface of the material; the incidence of adhesive, cohesive,

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Xiang, Mingli, Yuxuan Liao, Yonghong Jia, Wentao Zhang, and Enshen Long. "Summer Thermal Challenges in Emergency Tents: Insights into Thermal Characteristics of Tents with Air Conditioning." Buildings 14, no. 3 (2024): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030710.

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Emergency tents face challenges in harsh weather conditions and sometimes require the use of air conditioning for indoor thermal environment control. However, their lightweight structure makes their control methods different from conventional buildings. This study focuses on the indoor thermal environment and thermal comfort of air-conditioned tents during summer. Through experimental measurements, this study captures the distribution of air temperatures and inner surface temperatures within a tent, thus providing an understanding of the characteristics of indoor thermal environment in air-con

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Stosik, Michał, Beata Tokarz-Deptuła, and Wiesław Deptuła. "Characterisation of thrombocytes in Osteichthyes." Journal of Veterinary Research 63, no. 1 (2019): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2019-0017.

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AbstractThrombocytes in vertebrates other than mammals, inter alia in fish, are analogues of platelets in mammals. In Osteichthyes, these cells take part in haemostatic processes, including aggregation and release reactions in cases of blood vessel damage, and in the immune response development as well. This paper discusses the development of thrombocytes in Osteichthyes, taking into account the need to make changes to the concept of grouping progenitor cells as suggested in the literature. The following pages present the morphological and cytochemical properties of thrombocytes as well as the

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Narote, Mr Saurabh. "Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 5 (2025): 637–43. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.70028.

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Abstract: The natural, mild, and efficient methods of preserving the health of the scalp and hair, herbal shampoos have become a viable substitute for synthetic hair care products. The creation and assessment of herbal shampoos using historically utilized medicinal herbs with cleaning, conditioning, and therapeutic qualities are the main topics of this research. The pharmacological activity of the ingredients—including their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hair growth-promoting properties—is taken into consideration while choosing them. The effectiveness of common plants lik

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Strickland, Susan, and Michael Tong. "What Are the Key Built Environment Features Associated with Heat-Related Health Risks Among Older People in High Income Countries?" Green Health 1, no. 1 (2025): 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/greenhealth1010002.

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The study aims to identify key features in the built environment that are associated with heat-related health risks among older people in high-income countries, which could inform the development of targeted interventions to reduce built-environment-related heat risks for older populations in the context of climate change. We conducted a systematic review to identify features of the built environment associated with the health impacts of heat amongst people aged 65 or over, living in urban areas. Three databases, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched for the period from database in

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