Relevant bibliographies by topics / Neet phenomenon

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Neet phenomenon'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 24 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Neet phenomenon"

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Muster, Rafał. "Zjawisko NEET na europejskim rynku pracy — zarys problemu." Górnośląskie Studia Socjologiczne. Seria Nowa 11 (September 22, 2020): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/gss_sn.2020.11.09.

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The article describes the phenomenon of NEETs (young people not in employment, education or training) in the European labour market. The focus of the article is on the presentation of Eurostat statistical data. It shows the dynamics of change in the population share of young people meeting all of the three conditions: they are not gainfully employed, enrolled at any kind of education institution, and do not gain work experience as trainees or interns. Available quantitative data shows the scale of this unfavourable social phenomenon in the years 2006—2015 within the area of the European Union. The scale of the NEETs phenomenon was visible before, during, and after the recent economic crisis. Due to the lack of unambiguous defining framework — referring to the age limits of persons included in the NEETs category — the scale of this phenomenon, based on Eurostat’s analyses, was presented in reference to broader perspective: 15—34 years, and then among people aged 18—24. Not only does the article indicate a number of adverse consequences of this phenomenon, but also delineates recommendations whose implementation could contribute to curbing it.
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Caroleo, Floro Ernesto, Antonella Rocca, Gabriela Neagu, and Dilyana Keranova. "NEETs and the Process of Transition From School to the Labor Market: A Comparative Analysis of Italy, Romania, and Bulgaria." Youth & Society 54, no. 2_suppl (November 7, 2021): 109S—129S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x211056360.

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The aim of this article is to identify the main mechanisms leading to the NEET status in Italy, Romania, and Bulgaria. It does so by highlighting the differences amongst them and verifying how place of residence effectively affects the connected propensity to this status after having controlled for many personal characteristics through a series of probit models. Furthermore, multiple correspondence analyses produce profound understanding of the NEET phenomenon and associated determinants. The results highlight the need to plan support actions tailored to specific NEET characteristics. Whilst the degree of urbanization impacts upon the NEET status throughout Romania and Bulgaria, Italy shows a strong divide between the North and the South. However, in all three countries there is a need to improve the education system and stimulate higher levels of education as the main measure of NEET prevention.
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Bulanova, M. B., and E. A. Artamonova. "The NEET youth: European context and Russian realities." RUDN Journal of Sociology 20, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2020-20-1-64-72.

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The article attempts to identify features and provide a social portrait of the NEET youth in the European and Russian contexts. The developed European countries faced the NEET phenomenon in the late 20th - early 21st century: according to the Eurostat definition, this group includes young people aged 15-24, unemployed or economically inactive, who do not study and do not get vocational training - in 2017, the NEET youth made on average 14.7% of the working population. In Russia, the number of NEETs is at the average European level - 15%. According to the classification of the International Labor Organization (ILO), there are two groups of NEETs: NEET-unemployed and NEET-inactive. The authors consider as the determining factor of becoming a part of the NEET group one’s unwillingness to work and study, i.e. the criteria of being NEET is not working (rather than being unemployed) and not studying (rather than being economically inactive). Thus, it is the forms of ‘social dependency’ of the NEET youth that make the study of this group so difficult. The article examines objective and subjective reasons for the emergence of this group and social consequences of being in the NEET group, whose representatives try to benefit from the situation. The authors show that the assessment of the NEET youth as marginal, i.e. a transitional and unstable group, encourages European states to provide assistance to these young people to help them to get out of the situation of non-working and non-studying. The article provides some examples of such assistance in Italy, Great Britain, Poland, Spain, and the Netherlands.
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Barszcz, Patryk. "NEET- social group of young people, who is at risk of social and professional exclusion." Studia z Teorii Wychowania X, no. 2 (27) (June 30, 2019): 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5750.

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In this article was presented casus of NEET in youth in current Polish society. This term is used when we say about Youth at the age of 15 to 29, who is not active in labour market. NEETs are not in employment, education or training. The main aim of this work was to present the phenomenon of NEET in reference to social exlusion. It was made an analysis of NEET in Europe in last dacade 2007-2017. This article also presented the causes and effects of this style of live in Youth people. The main bibliography was reports from Eurostat, which informed about situation of Youth in labour market and periodical of social exclusion.
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Gutiérrez-García, Raúl A., Kalina Isela Martínez Martínez, María de la Villa Moral Jiménez, Lorena Cudris-Torres, Rogaciano González-González, and María Abigail Paz-Pérez. "Fieldwork approaching in socially excluded participants of young neet." Gaceta Médica de Caracas 129, s1 (May 13, 2021): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47307/gmc.2021.129.s1.24.

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This article offers a reflection on how to approach the phenomenon of young people who neither study nor work with the intention of showing an alternative to perform the fieldwork procedure with the support of various qualitative methodological strategies and psychological clinical intervention. El presente artículo ofrece una reflexión de cómo aproximarse al fenómeno de los jóvenes que no estudian ni trabajan con la intención de mostrar una alternativa de realizar el procedimiento de trabajo de campo con el apoyo de diversas estrategias metodológicas cualitativas y para una intervención clínica.
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Chintia Anggraini, Werry Darta Taifur, and Zulkifli N. "Phenomenon and determinant characteristics of NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training) youth in matrilineal province." Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 7, no. 4 (February 29, 2020): 327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v7i4.8690.

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Nawrat, Dorota. "Career guidance in combating social exclusion and pathology among adolescents." Pedagogika Rodziny 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fampe-2014-0017.

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Abstract The issue of unemployment among adolescents as one of the causes of social pathology is examined. It is also emphasized that the NEET phenomenon is spreading and that it furthers social exclusion and pathologies. It is argued that school and career guidance at the earliest levels of education, especially developed among adolescents who face making decisions important for their education and career, is a way to prevent and minimalize negative effects of these phenomena. Thus it is advised to develop various forms of guidance and to raise the need among adolescents to plan their own educational and professional development
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Monti, Luciano. "Generational Divide: A New Model to Measure and Prevent Youth Social and Economic Discrimination." Review of European Studies 9, no. 3 (August 16, 2017): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v9n3p151.

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Measures concerning intergenerational inequality generally refer to youth unemployment or youth household income and wealth. The common conclusion is that the generational gap is represented by negative trend of youth unemployment and NEETS. In this paper, I argue that this phenomenon is not the cause of intergenerational unfairness, but one of its effects.The pioneering efforts to measure the intergenerational fairness through a set of multidimensional indicators are the starting point for deeper analysis. The purpose of this paper, however, is not only to measure unfairness, but to quantify the generational divide. The latter is defined as the intensity of material and immaterial barriers affecting a sound development of individuals.The way to measure such a phenomenon is to use a new and comprehensive, synthetic index, applied to the Italian youth emergency and social discrimination. For this reason some new indicators are added to the previous models, such as credit crunch, the scar inferred to NEET (Not in Education, Employment or Training), digital divide and barriers to mobility.The results of this pilot analysis in the selected country for the period 2004-2012 demonstrate a worsening of the generational divide over the last five years and these high negative trends are mainly due to housing costs, decreasing incomes and the pension burden. These results suggest the need for a deep and careful consideration on the real intergenerational sustainability of current European and development strategies and show a large discrimination towards the younger generations.
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Li, Tim MH, Lucia Liu, and Paul WC Wong. "Withdrawal experience and possible way-outs from withdrawal behavior in young people." Qualitative Social Work 17, no. 4 (January 13, 2017): 537–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325016688369.

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The term NEET (not in employment, education, or training) has been increasingly applied to young people in Europe not engaged in the three systems mentioned. Young people who seclude themselves at home and progress to social withdrawal can be considered a NEET subgroup—the “disengaged.” This phenomenon was first identified in Japan, where such reclusive individuals are referred to as hikikomori, but youth social withdrawal has also been reported in other countries, including South Korea and Hong Kong. Research on youth social withdrawal has mainly focused on describing and identifying contributing factors to this withdrawal behavior. Very few studies have examined the transitional processes from the initial self-seclusion to later help-seeking. Examining the mechanisms behind the engagement process for helping professionals is important to guide social work services for this unique group of young people. We conducted a qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with 30 socially withdrawn young people in Hong Kong. Thematic analysis conceptualized their social withdrawal processes into three subthemes: private status, de-friending spiral, and suspension of experiences. Three reasons for changing their withdrawal behavior were also identified: rebalancing one’s ideal self with reality, reconnecting with tuned-in people, and regaining momentum in life. This study provides practical implications for social workers to develop approaches to engage withdrawn young people.
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Mijal, Anna. "Les miraculés a bierność edukacyjna i zawodowa młodych mieszkańców wsi – case study Polska i kraje UE = Les miraculés versus educationally and economically inactive young inhabitants of rural areas – case study of Poland and EU." Studia Obszarów Wiejskich 52 (2018): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/sow.52.10.

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The level of education as a component of competence may play an important role in determining the chances of social and material success, as well as raising the living standards, forming conditions for economic growth. This finds its reflection in the EU strategic documents, which lays the foundations for opening a public debate. It is commonly accepted that the level of education stands behind the heritage and thus, a significant role is played by the parents’ educational lifelines. Population inhabiting rural areas is presented in the subject literature as a community usually more inclined towards ending their education as early as possible and displaying professional passivity. The aim of the article is to identify the scale of the phenomenon concerning professional and educational inactive young people aged 15–34 in Poland and in the EU (the so-called NEET – Not in Education, Employment, or Training), particularly in rural areas, in the context of rural inhabitants’ opinions, concerning the impact of education on their situation and expectations relating to the sphere of their children’s education. For the purpose of the study the non-reactive method of the existing data analysis (desk research) was used. Basing upon the study of the subject literature and analysis of articles provided by experts, information was collected on the essence of the NEET population and its subgroups. Reasons behind the educational and professional inactivity of the youth were identified. Reports published by the Eurostat, Poland’s statistics in form of Diagnoza społeczna 2015 results and reports by the Institute of Educational Studies comprised the source of information. For a relatively long time the possibility of social advancement owing to education remained within the reach of solely the most ambitious individuals who left the country as les miraculés or les héritiers – “heirs” equipped in culture capital, successors to family educational biographies. There appear substantial differences in this sphere between individual EU member states, which can reach several dozen percent. In the comparative analysis, the NEET population inhabiting rural areas of Poland comprised over 16% in 2008, almost 21% in 2013 and over 17% in 2017. The attempt of diagnosing poses a strategic challenge to the rural EU areas as regards the selection of appropriate solutions resulting from the specificity of the motives for belonging to the NEET group.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Neet phenomenon"

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Wang, Hanlin. "The Economic Phenomena of Net Games and of Bit Coins in China." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193137.

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This paper mainly deals with a special but highly-developing industry in China, net game industry. Due to the significant construction and improvement have been happening at China since 30 years ago, and the influence of traditional culture, population boom or demographic dividend and the invasion of western technologies and cultures, net game industry, which has been only existing for less than 15 years at China, has become one of most profitable industries and changed the living of millions of people. The goal of this essay is to explore the economic performance of networks during last dozen years in China and find the drivers and reasons. By picking up the data between 2001 and 2013, sufficient data and researches will be provided for the study for the network games in China.
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Bradley, Frank Mitchell. "Transport imaging for the study of quantum scattering phenomena in next generation Semiconductor devices /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Dec%5FBradley.pdf.

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Wu, Haoyu. "Gas Membrane Characterization Via the Time-Lag Method for Neat and Mixed-Matrix Membranes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41226.

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Separation technologies with polymeric membranes are widely studied and have a wide range of applications. The membrane's heart is a dense selective layer whose permeability should strongly depend on the permeating species' properties. In turn, permeability depends on the diffusivity and solubility of the permeating species in the selective layer, which are considered intrinsic properties of the polymer forming the selective layer. When developing new membrane materials, the ultimate objective is to exceed the famous "upper bound" limit by achieving simultaneously higher selectivity and higher permeability. This objective is impossible without a reliable and accurate characterization method to determine the selective layer's intrinsic transport properties. The time-lag method is the most common membrane characterization technique, initially developed for polymeric membranes. However, as the membrane technology and material science advance, the selective layer structure becomes more complex and not limited to organic polymers. As a result, the time-lag method needs to be reviewed and adapted to these more complicated cases, which was the main objective of this thesis. Numerical simulation of dynamic gas permeation experiments is a powerful tool to examine different aspects of the time-lag method. Therefore, we have established a comprehensive variable-mesh finite-difference scheme, which was used throughout the thesis. It allowed us to investigate the effect of different random and resolution errors and an extrapolation error on the resulting time lag of an ideal membrane. We then considered more complex systems, particularly those of glassy polymers and mixed matrix membranes, to investigate the effect of different transport mechanisms on the results of dynamic and steady-state gas permeation experiments. In parallel, we also focused on developing a novel gas permeation system that would monitor dynamic gas permeation experiments based on pressure decay at the feed side. All the existing constant-volume gas permeation systems rely on monitoring pressure to rise at the membrane's permeate side. Although this work is still ongoing, we have made considerable progress. Among the numerous contributions made through this thesis, there are three of particular significance. We have developed an analytical model to predict mixed matrix membranes' relative permeability with the uniformly dispersed non-permeable fillers of different shapes. The model requires three structural parameters arising from the filler's shape and size, and it is superior to all existing analytical models, including the famous Maxwell model. We have also demonstrated that the diffusivity of mixed matrix membranes determined by the time-lag method depends on the number of layers of dispersed particles. In the limiting case of a single layer of uniformly impermeable fillers, it is possible for the diffusivity determined by the time-lag method to be greater than that of the host polymer, which might appear as counterintuitive in the absence of defects at the polymer-particle interface. In the case of glassy polymers, it is possible to observe an upward deviation from the steady-state flux, resulting from a non-instantaneous equilibrium between permeating species in Henry's and Langmuir adsorption sites.
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Ruszkiewicz, Dorota M. "The secret life of small alcohols : the discovery and exploitation of fragmentation, adduct formation and auto-modification phenomena in differential ion mobility spectrometry leading to next-generation toxicity screening." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/23270.

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The research presented in this thesis started with the idea to study alcohols as modifiers and dopants in differential ion mobility spectrometry (d-IMS) to produce complicated chemical signatures to explore a concept of chemical labels for product security application. D-IMS is a gas phase atmospheric pressure separation and detection technique which distinguishes compounds based on differences in their ions mobility as their travel under a low and high electric field. The hypothesis was that alcohols will form typical d-IMS products such as protonated monomers and proton bound cluster ions. However, the very first experiments revealed unexpected phenomena which included changes in the mobility of ions over a narrow range of concentrations that could not be explained by existing theory. Another observation was the apparent regeneration of reactant ions. It became evident that the observed phenomena had not been described in the open literature and that addressing the research-questions that were being raised would be essential for the determination of alcohols by d-IMS and its use in medical applications for toxicity screening and monitoring of alcohols. The above discovery shifted the research objective towards a fundamental and comprehensive study on the behaviour of alcohols in d-IMS. This thesis describes designed experiments and constructed systems allowing the efficient study of effect of concentration, electric field and temperature on the d-IMS responses of alcohols. The results of those studies demonstate: extensive fragmentation of alcohols, including previously undescribed fragmentation patterns with regeneration of the hydrated proton; new phenomena of adduct ion formation within the d-IMS drift tube, observed in the case of methanol within a narrow range of concentration; and self-modification of the alpha function of alcohols. This knowledge was exploited by developing an non-invasive analytical method for recovery, separation and detection of toxins from human saliva (including alcohols, diols and GHB) using TD-GC-d-IMS (thermal desorption - gas chromatography d-IMS) within a full range of toxicological concentration levels.
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Ríos, Camacho Xosé Carlos. "Mozarabismo en la Gallaecia Altomedieval. Estudios generales y análisis desde sus fuentes documentales monásticas (siglos VIII, IX, X y XI)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/11017.

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El objetivo de esta aproximación al fenómeno de la mozarabización-arabización de las gentes desplazadas desde Al-Ándalus o ubicadas y desplazadas en territorios de la amplia Gallaecia y fronteras, es poder ver su huella, seguir su rastro allá donde se localice cualquier fenómeno de tradición latino-romance y andalusí. Los datos de contexto de la Ylliqiyya son claves más allá de la Galiza nuclear, en las fronteras (Marcas Inferior, Al-Tagr al garbi y Central, cabeza y discurso del Duero) e interior, y así nuestras fuentes documentales monásticas seleccionadas (tumbos de Sobrado, Samos, Celanova y Castañeda sanabrés) son capaces de enfocar onomástica-antroponimia, léxico, objetos de extracción comercial y litúrgicos, toponimia-hagiotoponimia, y esos nuevos caminos de investigación que atisbamos en los siglos VIII al XI.
The objective of this approach to the phenomenon of the mozarabization-arabicization of the people moved from Al-Ándalus or located and moved in territories of the ample Gallaecia and borders, is to be able to see its track, to follow its sign there where any phenomenon of Latin-Romance and andalusí tradition is located. The data of context of the Ylliqiyya are keys beyond the nuclear Galiza, in the borders (Marks Inferior, Al-Tagr al Garbi and Power station, head and route of the Duero) and interior, and thus our selected monastic documentary sources (tumbles of Sobrado, Samos, Celanova and Castañeda) are able to focus onomastic-anthroponymy, lexicon, objects of commercial extraction and liturgical, toponymy-hagiotoponymy, and those new ways of investigation that we watched in centuries VIII to the XI.
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De, Muer Albin. "Etude du point critique magnétique quantique des fermions lourds sous pression hydrostatiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10104.

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Ce travail repose sur le developpement de mesures physiques sous la pression la plus hydrostatique possible, condition essentielle pour etudier les phenomenes critiques quantiques survenant notamment au voisinage de l'instabilite magnetique des systemes a fermions lourds. Les techniques de resistivite electrique et de calorimetrie alternative ont ete adaptees a des cellules a enclumes diamant utilisant l'excellent milieu transmetteur de pression helium. Un recent dispositif de generation de force a basse temperature permet une variation controlee de la pression in-situ. Trois composes, ceal 2, ceru 2ge 2 et cepd 2si 2, sont etudies. Pour ceal 2, des mesures de resistivite sous pression suggerent une pression critique p c a laquelle la temperature de neel chute a zero, voisine de 30 kbar. Au voisinage de p c, des deviations par rapport au comportement du liquide de fermi sont observees et ce, en accord qualitatif avec les predictions des modeles de fluctuations de spin. L'etude de ceru 2ge 2 a permis de tester l'aptitude de la calorimetrie alternative a detecter des transitions magnetiques. Nous discutons l'apparition de phenomenes irreversibles dans la transition antiferromagnetique a l'approche de la pression critique p c 80 kbar. Cepd 2si 2 est etudie par les deux techniques jusqu'a 33 kbar. Une phase supraconductrice est mise en evidence de part et d'autre de p c 28 kbar. L'evolution des largeurs de transition magnetique et supraconductrice est discutee en comparant les longueurs de coherence correspondantes a une distance caracteristique relative aux defauts de l'echantillon. La dependance en temperature de la resistivite est egalement en accord avec une description en termes de fluctuations de spin. Aux basses temperatures, un exposant de loi de puissance inferieur a 2 est obtenu pour les pressions proches de p c tandis que le comportement en t 2 du liquide de fermi reapparait aux pressions superieures.
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Nogueira, Leila de Mello Yañez. "Estabilidade versus flexibilidade: a dicotomia necessária à inovação na gestão de recursos humanos em uma organização pública, estatal eestratégica como Bio-Manguinhos / Fiocruz." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2009. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/2500.

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Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009
Este trabalho propõe analisar o fenômeno da terceirização desenvolvido ao longo das duas últimas décadas em Bio-Manguinhos. Trata-se de um estudo de caso realizado na unidade de produção de vacinas e reagentes para diagnóstico da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Inicialmente foi realizado um estudo de cenário, analisando a política de gestão do trabalho desenvolvida pelo Estado brasileiro para as instituições públicas. A seguir, a análise passou a verificar a inserção da Fiocruz nessas políticas, desde a sua criação e no decorrer de vigência de diferentes formas de contratação, alternando da extrema rigidez para a total flexibilidade sempre com foco na gestão do trabalho, e, como essas políticas se refletiram no desempenho de Bio-Manguinhos. Baseado no contexto da conformação do Estado e na análise do desempenho da unidade, o trabalho critica a falta de planejamento e de prospecção dessas políticas, que favoreça a inovação de processos, produtos e procedimentos e o desempenho pleno de uma unidade de produção de insumos para a saúde, tão necessários ao atendimento das necessidades da população brasileira. Critica também, a ausência de um modelo de Estado consolidado que sirva de arcabouço à formulação dessas políticas. Devido às fortes críticas dos órgãos de controle acerca da extrapolação dos limites da terceirização praticada nas últimas duas décadas e à falta de definição clara desses marcos legais, o trabalho apresenta uma metodologia baseada nas atribuições dos cargos do plano de carreiras da Fiocruz e culmina com a apresentação de uma matriz de atribuições passíveis de serem realizadas por contratação indireta. Conclui pela necessidade de convivência de dois quadros de trabalhadores: um permanente formado por servidores, estáveis e de carreira e outro flexível, executado por contratação indireta, de caráter eventual, temporário ou de apoio às atividades relacionadas à missão de Bio-Manguinhos. O trabalho ainda sugere a aplicação da mesma metodologia às demais unidades da Fiocruz e que a instituição afirme, frente aos órgãos de controle, quais atividades que ela precisa manter no quadro de servidores permanente e quais ela quer delegar a terceiros sem contudo, ferir a legislação vigente. Por fim, constata-se que a metodologia apresentada ameniza, mas não resolve o problema, dessa forma, recomenda-se à Fiocruz buscar mecanismos que altere o modelo de gestão pelo qual está submetida a fim de viabilizar as duas formas de incorporação de mão-de-obra.
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Yang, Hsiao-Hui, and 楊小慧. "The Research、Analysis and Solutions of the “NEET” Phenomenon." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25710408993936882046.

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碩士
國立臺北教育大學
教育政策與管理研究所
98
The word “NEET”(Not in Education, Employment or Training) was first brought up in 1999 from a report called “Bridging the Gap”,published by the Social Exclusion Unit, in England. In this report, the issue of NEET was discussed on the formal agenda as well. After this, in Japan they also found that the problems of NEET were getting more serious. According to government statistics, the number of NEET was about five hundred and twenty thousand in 2003. The number might have reached up to six hundred and forty thousand if it included college students who discontinue schooling and young people who were married but still unemployed. In Asia, besides Japan, words like “傍老族“ and “啃老族“ (called Boomerang Kids in the U.S.A. and Parasite Single in Japan) had popped up in many mass media since March, 2005 in the neighboring country Mainland China, which motivated the Chinese press to think about the social problems of NEET in China. The problems of NEET are emerging increasingly in Taiwan, and they draw much attention from all circles. By referring to the documents, we hope to understand the phenomena of NEET in different countries, figure out the causes and its influence on the society. And it is hoped that we can find the solutions to the problems and reduce the population of NEET through the interviews with specialists. After analysis, this study gives the definition and classification of NEET, and refers the causes to five factors, including factors of economy, family education, school education, social education and individuals. And the government, the society, schools, families and individuals should work together to find the solutions to the problems of NEET. Last but not least, the government, school teachers, parents and the academia are supposed to put forward suggestions.
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Lai, Ting-Yu, and 賴婷妤. "A Study on the NEET Phenomenon and the Issues in School Education." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88823473282547877370.

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碩士
國立臺北教育大學
教育政策與管理研究所
98
This study aims to discuss the problem of contemporary school education from the NEET and analysis the cause of problem as well as to suggest the solution for it. The data collection includes “content analysis” and “in-depth interview” to explore the relationship between the cause of NEET and school education as well as the problem of contemporary school education. We hope the findings and discussion of this study can provide some suggestions to the improvement of present school education in Taiwan as well as to provide references for future research. After reorganizing and analyzing the data, the results of the study are as follow: 1.The goal of education shall meet the need for knowledge society, and set up a practical standard for schools or teachers to have clear mind in the implementation. 2.To cultivate students’ competitiveness in the knowledge society, teachers need to have the concepts of knowledge society in response to its characteristics. 3.The course contents are oriented in skills, including the relevant internship courses and having graduated students to share their successful experiences. The teaching methods use guiding instead of instilling. Taiwanese education should introduce the assessment system, to examine the relevant courses if they are suitable for students or if they meet the needs of the times. 4.Parents’ value should be more diverse, and accept all the possibility of children’s future. Encouraging parents to re-educate and reinforce the function of family education. 5.Schools can cooperate with corporation, and provide students an opportunity to experience the workforce before graduation. Meanwhile, the government should also reinforce the social responsibility of corporations. 6.Social values should affirm the value of all works and assure that all the professions are being respected, so that everyone can receive one’s value and dignity from work. 7.Individual should adjust one’s attitude on handling things, particularly on the relationship between groups and individuals. Individuals live in the society, in addition to respect “oneself”, one should learn to respect others, cooperate with others as well as being responsible.
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(8772923), Chinyi Chen. "Quantum phenomena for next generation computing." Thesis, 2020.

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With the transistor dimensions scaling down to a few atoms, quantum phenomena - like quantum tunneling and entanglement - will dictate the operation and performance of the next generation of electronic devices, post-CMOS era. While quantum tunneling limits the scaling of the conventional transistor, Tunneling Field Effect Transistor (TFET) employs band-to-band tunneling for the device operation. This mechanism can reduce the sub-threshold swing (S.S.) beyond the Boltzmann's limit, which is fundamentally limited to 60 mV/dec in a conventional Si-based metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). A smaller S.S. ensures TFET operation at a lower supply voltage and, therefore, at lesser power compared to the conventional Si-based MOSFET.

However, the low transmission probability of the band-to-band tunneling mechanism limits the ON-current of a TFET. This can be improved by reducing the body thickness of the devices i.e., using 2-Dimensional (2D) materials or by utilizing heterojunction designs. In this thesis, two promising methods are proposed to increase the ON-current; one for the 2D material TFETs, and another for the III-V heterojunction TFETs.

Maximizing the ON-current in a 2D material TFET by determining an optimum channel thickness, using compact models, is presented. A compact model is derived from rigorous atomistic quantum transport simulations. A new doping profile is proposed for the III-V triple heterojunction TFET to achieve a high ON-current. The optimized ON-current is 325 uA/um at a supply voltage of 0.3 V. The device design is optimized by atomistic quantum transport simulations for a body thickness of 12 nm, which is experimentally feasible.
However, increasing the device's body thickness increases the atomistic quantum transport simulation time. The simulation of a device with a body thickness of over 12 nm is computationally intensive. Therefore, approximate methods like the mode-space approach are employed to reduce the simulation time. In this thesis, the development of the mode-space approximation in modeling the triple heterojunction TFET is also documented.

In addition to the TFETs, quantum computing is an emerging field that utilizes quantum phenomena to facilitate information processing. An extra chapter is devoted to the electronic structure calculations of the Si:P delta-doped layer, using the empirical tight-binding method. The calculations agree with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements. The Si:P delta-doped layer is extensively used as contacts in the Phosphorus donor-based quantum computing systems. Understanding its electronic structure paves the way towards the scaling of Phosphorus donor-based quantum computing devices in the future.
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Books on the topic "Neet phenomenon"

1

Lindsay, Harrison, ed. Phenomenon: Everything you need to know about the paranormal. London: Piatkus, 2006.

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Lausanne, Switzerland) Nestlé Nutrition Workshop (84th 2014. Next-generation nutritional biomarkers to guide better health care. Basel: Karger, 2016.

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Stringer, Janet L. Basic concepts in pharmacology: What you need to know for each drug class. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011.

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Indonesia) Nestlé Nutrition Workshop (80th 2013 Bali. Health and nutrition in adolescents and young women: Preparing for the next generation. Edited by Bhutta, Zulfiqar Ahmed, 1955- , editor, Makrides Maria editor, Prentice Andrew editor, and Nestlé Nutrition Institute. Basel, Switzerland: Karger, 2015.

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Langford, Kevin. Everything Guide to Anatomy and Physiology: All you need to know about how the human body works. Avon: Adams Media, 2015.

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Federighi, Paolo, and Francesca Torlone, eds. SMOC-Soft Open Method of Coordination from Prevalet. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-246-2.

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Seven European Regional Governments, together with Earlall and universities and research centres, have undertaken to refine a first draft of a Joint Progress Report of Regions on Implementation of European Lifelong Learning Strategies in the perspective of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The purpose of this exercise is to demonstrate the usefulness and need to make an instrument available to European Regional Governments that helps to understand and evaluate the educational conditions of the regional population when compared with other regions. The Report shows how, over the decade, all the Regional Governments have undertaken to adapt training systems to the demographic dynamics characterised by the general ageing of the population and by migratory phenomena. Simultaneously the Report also shows the need for urgent improvements in some fields where the impact of policies is still too modest and where the risk of stagnation must be dealt with (for example, lifelong learning policies and NEET reduction).
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Federighi, Paolo, and Francesca Torlone, eds. SMOC-Metodo Aperto e Semplificato di Coordinamento da Prevalet. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-254-7.

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Seven European Regional Governments, together with Earlall and universities and research centres, have undertaken to refine a first draft of a Joint Progress Report of Regions on Implementation of European Lifelong Learning Strategies in the perspective of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The purpose of this exercise is to demonstrate the usefulness and need to make an instrument available to European Regional Governments that helps to understand and evaluate the educational conditions of the regional population when compared with other regions. The Report shows how, over the decade, all the Regional Governments have undertaken to adapt training systems to the demographic dynamics characterised by the general ageing of the population and by migratory phenomena. Simultaneously the Report also shows the need for urgent improvements in some fields where the impact of policies is still too modest and where the risk of stagnation must be dealt with (for example, lifelong learning policies and NEET reduction).
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Federighi, Paolo, and Francesca Torlone, eds. SMOC – Sanfte offene Koordinierungsmethode – Soft Open Method of Coordination von Prevalet. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-263-9.

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Seven European Regional Governments, together with Earlall and universities and research centres, have undertaken to refine a first draft of a Joint Progress Report of Regions on Implementation of European Lifelong Learning Strategies in the perspective of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The purpose of this exercise is to demonstrate the usefulness and need to make an instrument available to European Regional Governments that helps to understand and evaluate the educational conditions of the regional population when compared with other regions. The Report shows how, over the decade, all the Regional Governments have undertaken to adapt training systems to the demographic dynamics characterised by the general ageing of the population and by migratory phenomena. Simultaneously the Report also shows the need for urgent improvements in some fields where the impact of policies is still too modest and where the risk of stagnation must be dealt with (for example, lifelong learning policies and NEET reduction).
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Federighi, Paolo, and Francesca Torlone, eds. SMOC – Método Abierto de Coordinación de Prevalet. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-267-7.

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Seven European Regional Governments, together with Earlall and universities and research centres, have undertaken to refine a first draft of a Joint Progress Report of Regions on Implementation of European Lifelong Learning Strategies in the perspective of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The purpose of this exercise is to demonstrate the usefulness and need to make an instrument available to European Regional Governments that helps to understand and evaluate the educational conditions of the regional population when compared with other regions. The Report shows how, over the decade, all the Regional Governments have undertaken to adapt training systems to the demographic dynamics characterised by the general ageing of the population and by migratory phenomena. Simultaneously the Report also shows the need for urgent improvements in some fields where the impact of policies is still too modest and where the risk of stagnation must be dealt with (for example, lifelong learning policies and NEET reduction).
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1953-, Thomas Paul R., and Earl Robert O, eds. Opportunities in the nutrition and food sciences: Research challenges and the next generation of investigators. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Neet phenomenon"

1

Pommeret, S., F. Gobert, M. Mostafavi, I. Lampre, P. Pernot, R. Haïdar, S. Buguet, G. Vigneron, and J. C. Mialocq. "Interaction of terawatt laser pulses with neat water." In Ultrafast Phenomena XII, 536–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56546-5_157.

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Choi, Jae Hak, Phil Hyun Kang, Young Chang Nho, and Sung Kwon Hong. "POSS-Containing Nanocomposite Materials for Next Generation Nanolithography." In Solid State Phenomena, 299–302. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-27-2.299.

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Kashkoush, Ismail, Lewis Liu, Nick Yialamas, and R. Novak. "In Situ Wafer Processing for Next Generation Devices." In Solid State Phenomena, 45–48. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-06-x.45.

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Brantov, S. K., Vitaly Kveder, N. N. Kuznetzov, and Valeri I. Orlov. "Silicon Layers Grown on Siliconized Carbon Net: Producing and Properties." In Solid State Phenomena, 503–8. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-13-2.503.

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Hong, Soon Jik, S. Patil, Chang Kyu Rhee, and S. Seal. "Consolidation and Mechanical Properties of Near-Net-Shape Al-21 wt.% Si Component Fabricated by Plasma Spray Forming." In Solid State Phenomena, 183–86. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-27-2.183.

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Buceta, R. C., M. S. Torre, and H. F. Ranea-Sandoval. "Laser Model with Periodic External Injected Signal and Noise: Small Net Gain Limit." In Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, 137–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0239-8_13.

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Blondel, Jean. "Introduction: The Need to Study the ‘Presidential Republic’ as a General Phenomenon of Contemporary Government." In The Presidential Republic, 1–19. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137482495_1.

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Herţeliu, Claudiu, Daniela Alexe-Coteţ, Cezar Mihai Hâj, and Andrei T. Pârvan. "Defining and Measuring Dropout Phenomenon in Romanian Public Universities." In Higher Education in Romania: Overcoming Challenges and Embracing Opportunities, 93–118. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94496-4_6.

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AbstractIncreasing the number of people who complete higher education is among the highest political priorities agreed upon within the European Higher Education Area. The measures to meet the objective can be addressed in secondary education or by reducing the dropout at higher education level. Even if the policy objective is reflected in multiple official documents, little has been done to assess the dropout rate at the national level. The accurate estimation of the dropout phenomenon within tertiary education is more complex than it seems at first glance. It must take into account the very diverse processes that can occur throughout the academic student path. These are defined, regulated, and especially registered differently from one university to another: temporary interruption of studies, transfer between or within universities, pursuing two study programs at the same time or delayed graduation. The current research presented in this article is based on the analysis of available data from the National Student Enrolment Registry (RMUR), and it is part of a larger strategic project carried on by the executive institution in charge (UEFISCDI) together with the Ministry of Education in Romania. In this context, this paper aims to provide a definition of the dropout rate in the Romanian context, envisages the whole range of international approaches analyses the dropout rate through different variables in order to better highlight equity problems that need to be addressed.
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Andriotis, Konstantinos. "Conclusion." In Issues and cases of degrowth in tourism, 178–84. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245073.0178.

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Abstract This final chapter summarizes the main conclusions of this book on degrowth in tourism, and considers the need to rethink the phenomenon of degrowth as a new development paradigm which attempts to give up the current system of unlimited growth.
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Andriotis, Konstantinos. "Conclusion." In Issues and cases of degrowth in tourism, 178–84. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245073.0010.

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Abstract This final chapter summarizes the main conclusions of this book on degrowth in tourism, and considers the need to rethink the phenomenon of degrowth as a new development paradigm which attempts to give up the current system of unlimited growth.
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Conference papers on the topic "Neet phenomenon"

1

PETIZIOL, ADOLFO, and SANTO RULLO. "THE RELATIONAL NET IN THE PHENOMENON OF MAFIA." In IX World Congress of Psychiatry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814440912_0299.

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Hong, Jong-Kyun, and Sang-Sun Lee. "A Pseudo-Self-Imaging Phenomenon in Multimode Waveguides." In COIN-NGNCON 2006 - The Joint International Conference on Optical Internet and Next Generation Network. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coinngncon.2006.4454548.

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Solomon, Fouad A., Gioia Falcone, and Catalin Teodoriu. "The Need to Understand the Dynamic Interaction Between Wellbore and Reservoir in Liquid Loaded Gas Wells." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57427.

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Liquid loading in gas wells is a phenomenon where the liquid content of the well is sufficient to create a back pressure (usually dominated by gravitational pressure changes) which restricts, and in some cases even stops, the flow of gas from the reservoir. Liquid loading is an all too common problem in mature gas fields around the world. It is estimated that in the U.S.A. alone, at least 90% of the producing gas wells are operating in liquid loading regime. The phenomenon is more detrimental in tight wells than in prolific wells and it poses a serious problem in subsea tie-backs, where back pressure effects through the risers and the flowlines may have an important role. Such is the importance of liquid loading; the oil and gas industry has devoted a lot of attention to the alleviation of the problem using various measures. However, the fundamental understanding of the associated phenomena is still surprisingly weak. This applies not only to the flows in the wells, but also to how these flows interact with those in the reservoir. It is this latter dynamic interaction that has received the least attention by the industry. Reliable predictive models to link the well dynamics with the intermittent response of a reservoir, that is typical of liquid loading in gas wells, remain unavailable. This paper introduces the complexity of liquid loading and critically reviews recent attempts to model liquid loading and the dynamic interactions between reservoir and wellbore. The paper then illustrates the need for a better understanding of the transient flow phenomena taking place in the near-wellbore region of the reservoir. This includes re-injection of the heavier phase, a phenomenon that has yet to be proven by fluid mechanics.
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Roy, Sourav. "Mitigating the Dark Silicon Phenomenon on Next-Generation Network Processor Architectures." In 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Nanoelectronic and Information Systems (iNIS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inis.2015.21.

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Xue, Yang, Yi Ding, and Dixin Zhang. "The Phenomenon of Abnormal Net Redemption in Chinese Fund Market." In 2012 International Conference on Business Computing and Global Informatization (BCGIN). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bcgin.2012.68.

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Brongersma, S. H. "Stress in Next Generation Interconnects." In STRESS-INDUCED PHENOMENA IN METALLIZATION: Eighth International Workshop on Stress-Induced Phenomena in Metallization. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2173545.

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Kryniski, Krystof. "Jumping Phenomenon in Journal Bearing." In ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0243.

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Abstract Due to their reliability and low maintenance costs over an extended service time, the journal bearings, also known as fluid-film bearings, are commonly incorporated in the super-critical rotor systems. Together with proven balancing methods, they allow rotating machine to pass smoothly through the various of critical speeds, both during start-ups and shut-downs. However, journal bearings need to be designed very carefully, as at some operating conditions (speed and load), they may introduce the undesired effects, such as unstable operations or sub-harmonic resonances. The standard procedure leading to the optimum fluid-film bearing design is based on the bearing capacity, defined by the Sommerfield number [1][2]. When Sommerfield number is determined, all design parameters, such as viscosity, radial clearance, diameter and rotation speed, etc. are matched to satisfy the engineering requirements specified. The procedure is considered to be completely reliable and is commonly used in turbo-machinery and high-speed compressor design. However, the significant divergences between theory and practice were observed with the increase of a bearing radial clearance [3].
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Pommeret, S., F. Gobert, R. Haïdar, S. Buguet, G. Vigneron, J. C. Mialocq, M. Mostafavi, I. Lampre, and P. Pernot. "Interaction of terawatt laser pulses with neat water." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.2000.tuf53.

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Murad, Paul. "Gravity Laws and Gravitational Wave Phenomenon: the Need for Dark Mass or Dark Energy?" In 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-5123.

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Vakili, V., and L. H. Shu. "Towards Biomimetic Concept Generation." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/dtm-21715.

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Abstract This paper describes efforts towards generalizing biomimetic concept generation in engineering design. Biomimetic design fully or partially imitates or evokes some biological phenomenon. Nature has often inspired solutions to engineering problems. While biological phenomena hold a vast amount of ideas, a method for finding and using these ideas would make biomimetic innovation faster, easier and more accessible. The paper begins with a brief review of related research, recognition of engineering ideas in biological phenomena and advantages of the natural brand. Next presented are strategies for finding potential analogies in biological phenomena, including searching functionally across multiple levels of organization, from the molecule to the biosphere. Initial efforts at finding appropriate analogies are documented using an example in design for remanufacture.
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Reports on the topic "Neet phenomenon"

1

Burchell, Timothy D., Rob Bratton, Barry Marsden, Makuteswara Srinivasan, Scott Penfield, Mark Mitchell, and Will Windes. Next Generation Nuclear Plant Phenomena Identification and Ranking Tables (PIRTs) Volume 5: Graphite PIRTs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/946754.

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Ball, Sydney J. Next Generation Nuclear Plant Phenomena Identification and Ranking Tables (PIRTs) Volume 1: Main Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1001275.

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Corwin, William R., R. Ballinger, S. Majumdar, and K. D. Weaver. Next Generation Nuclear Plant Phenomena Identification and Ranking Tables (PIRTs) Volume 4: High-Temperature Materials PIRTs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1027385.

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Morris, Robert Noel. Next Generation Nuclear Plant Phenomena Identification and Ranking Tables (PIRTs) Volume 3: Fission-Product Transport and Dose PIRTs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/969943.

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Ball, Sydney J., M. Corradini, Stephen Eugene Fisher, R. Gauntt, G. Geffraye, Jess C. Gehin, Y. Hassan, et al. Next Generation Nuclear Plant Phenomena Identification and Ranking Tables (PIRTs) Volume 2: Accident and Thermal Fluids Analysis PIRTs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1001274.

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Forsberg, Charles W., M. B. Gorensek, S. Herring, and P. Pickard. Next Generation Nuclear Plant Phenomena Identification and Ranking Tables (PIRTs) Volume 6: Process Heat and Hydrogen Co-Generation PIRTs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/929347.

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Graber, Ellen R., Linda S. Lee, and M. Borisover. An Inquiry into the Phenomenon of Enhanced Transport of Pesticides Caused by Effluents. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570559.bard.

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The objective of this collaborative research project was to determine the factors that may cause enhanced pesticide transport under effluent irrigation. For s-triazines, the potential for enhanced transport through association with effluent dissolved organic matter (OM) was shown to be small in batch and column studies and in numerical simulations. High alkalinity and pH of treated effluents increased soil-solution pH for selected soil-effluent combinations, promoting the dissolution of soil OM and mobilizing otherwise OM-retained pesticides. Evapotranspiration in column studies resulted in increased pore-water concentrations of dissolved OM and some pesticide transport enhancement with the greatest effect observed with OM-poor soils. For ionogenic pesticides, effluent-induced increases in soil-solution pH increased the mobility of pesticides with acid dissociation constants within 2 pH units of the initial soil-solution pH. Effluents high in suspended solids and/or monovalent cations resulted in blockage of soil pores reducing water-flow velocity and/or changing flow paths. Reduced flow resulted in an increase in desorption time of soil sorbed pesticides, increasing the amount available for further transport with the net effect being soil texture dependent. In terms of pesticide degradation in soils, effluents appeared to have only a minor effect for the few pesticides investigated.
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Muhlestein, Michael, and Carl Hart. Numerical analysis of weak acoustic shocks in aperiodic array of rigid scatterers. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38579.

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Nonlinear propagation of shock waves through periodic structures have the potential to exhibit interesting phenomena. Frequency content of the shock that lies within a bandgap of the periodic structure is strongly attenuated, but nonlinear frequency-frequency interactions pumps energy back into those bands. To investigate the relative importance of these propagation phenomena, numerical experiments using the Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov (KZK) equation are carried out. Two-dimensional propagation through a periodic array of rectangular waveguides is per-formed by iteratively using the output of one waveguide as the input for the next waveguide. Comparison of the evolution of the initial shock wave for both the linear and nonlinear cases is presented.
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Godenau, Dirk, and Daniel Buraschi. Recent trends in irregular maritime immigration in the Canary Islands. Observatorio de la Inmigración de Tenerife. Departamento de Geografía e Historia. Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/r.obitfact.2020.06.

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The recent intensification in irregular maritime migrations in the Atlantic route through the Canary Islands, which is employed to reach the European mainland from Africa, coincides in time with the presence of the coronavirus pandemic and incorporates some novelties involving a flow that has been present in the archipelago’s evolution for almost three decades. It also exhibits many similarities with the permanent manifestation of this influx, even though the scant planning and weak response initially implemented in an effort to comprehensively manage this migration has placed the phenomenon at the forefront of the current affairs and debate in the region. As a result, a social context of enormous uncertainty due to the health and economic crisis, the direct and almost real-time knowledge of the outcome of many crossings thanks to social media, together with the confusion sown by how this mobility is being managed, all raise the need to reconsider its analysis in order to ascertain its current characteristics and keys to its understanding.
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Datta, Sandip, and Geeta Gandhi Kingdon. The Myth and Reality of Teacher Shortage in India: An Investigation Using 2019-20 Data. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/072.

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This paper examines the widespread perception in India that the country has an acute teacher shortage of about one million teachers in public elementary schools, a view repeated in India’s National Education Policy 2020. Using official DISE data, we show that teacher vacancies cannot be equated with teacher shortages: while the number of teacher vacancies (in teacher-deficit schools) is 766,487, the number of teacher surpluses (in surplus-teacher schools) is 520,141, giving a net deficit of only 246,346 teachers in the country. Secondly, removing estimated fake student numbers from enrolment data greatly reduces the required number of teachers and raises the number of surplus teachers, converting the net deficit of 246,346 teachers into an estimated net surplus of 98,371 teachers. Thirdly, if we both remove estimated fake enrolment and also make a hypothetical change to the teacher allocation rule to adjust for the phenomenon of emptying public schools (which has slashed the national median size of public schools to a mere 63 students, and rendered many schools ‘tiny’), the estimated net teacher surplus rises to 239,800 teachers. Fourthly, we show that if government does fresh recruitment to fill the supposed approximately one-million vacancies as promised in National Education Policy 2020, the already modest national mean pupil-teacher-ratio of 25.1 would fall to 19.9, at a permanently increased fiscal cost of nearly Rupees 637 billion (USD 8.7 billion) per year in 2019-20 prices, which is higher than the individual GDPs of 50 countries that year. The paper highlights the major efficiencies that can result from evidence-based policy on minimum viable school-size, teacher allocation norms, permissible maximum pupil teacher ratios, and teacher deployment.
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