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FREITAS, F. P. "Avaliação histológica renal em camundongos submetidos a nefrectomia 5/." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7960.
Full textA insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) é uma doença grave que está envolvida com diversas co-morbidades e pode levar o paciente à morte. Além disso, a IRC requer grandes gastos da parte do governo, na maioria das vezes relacionada ao tratamento de pacientes nos estágios mais avançados da doença. Diversos fatores podem agravar o quadro da IRC, incluindo alterações histológicas como a hipertrofia glomerular, expansão mesangial e fibrose renal. A IRC pode ser induzida experimentalmente através da nefrectomia de 5/6 (Nx), modelo no qual ocorre a retirada de 5/6 da massa renal do animal. Este modelo tem sido amplamente utilizado, porém poucos trabalhos avaliam os animais na fase precoce da doença, especialmente em relação às alterações histológicas renais. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as alterações histológicas renais ocorridas nas fases iniciais da IRC induzida pela 5/6 Nx. Para isso camundongos C57BL/6 machos de 3 meses de idade foram submetidos à 5/6 Nx ou cirurgia fictícia (sham). Após 1, 2 ou 4 semanas (Nx 1s, Nx 2s, e Nx 4s, respectivamente) os animais foram sacrificados e o rim esquerdo foi retirado para a realização dos cortes histológicos a 10 µm. Os cortes foram corados com hematoxilina-eosina, tricrômio de Masson e ácido periódico de Schiff. Foram avaliados o número de glomérulos, a área das estruturas renais, a expansão mesangial e o grau de fibrose. Os dados estão expressos como média ± EPM. Para análise estatística foi utilizada ANOVA 1-via seguida do post hoc de Fisher. Os grupos Nx apresentaram redução significativa da quantidade de glomérulos 1 (46 ± 7), 2 (51 ± 4) e 4 (57 ± 8) semanas após a cirurgia em comparação ao grupo sham (142 ± 8). A área do tufo glomerular foi significativamente maior nos grupos Nx 2s (2758±242 µm2) e Nx 4s (2774±252 µm2) sem haver diferenças entre o Nx 1s (2616±281 µm2) e sham (2146±82 µm2). A área da cápsula de Bowman acompanhou o crescimento do tufo glomerular e esteve aumentada 2 (4957±248 µm2) e 4 (4445±434 µm2) semanas após a Nx, sem diferenças entre Nx 1s (4295±311 µm2) e sham (3628±158 µm2). A área do espaço de Bowman se apresentou maior no grupo Nx 2s (2199±153 µm2), sem alterações nos grupos Nx 1s (1679±138 µm2), Nx 4s (1683±211 µm2) quando comparados com o sham (1482±114 µm2). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre a área tubular externa (sham: 2148±193 µm2; Nx 1s: 2263±273 µm2; Nx 2s: 1722±171 µm2; Nx 4s: 1640±307 µm2), na área do lúmen tubular (sham: 399±68 µm2; Nx 1s: 376±70 µm2; Nx 2s: 245±45 µm2; Nx 4s: 187±44 µm2) e na área tubular (sham: 810±149 µm2; Nx 1s: 1887±227 µm2; Nx 2s: 1477±133 µm2; Nx 4s: 1464±266 µm2). Comparado com o grupo sham (12,8±0,2 %), a expansão mesangial foi observada logo após a 1ª semana após a cirurgia (22,2±1,5 %), permanecendo aumentada na 2ª (19,5±1,2 %) e 4ª semana (22,9±2,1 %). A fibrose glomerular aumentou apenas no grupo Nx 2s (39,9±2,2 %), sem diferenças entre os grupos sham (31,8±1,7 %), Nx 1s (31,1±3,7 %) e Nx 4s (35,5±1,5 %). Não houve diferença na fração de colágeno tubulointersticial entre os grupos sham (23,8±2,1 %), Nx 1s (23,4±3,3 %), Nx 2s (30,4±10,7 %) e Nx 4s (24,1±3,1 %). Estes achados demonstram que mesmo nas fases iniciais são encontradas alterações histológicas envolvidas no agravamento da IRC, ocorrendo prioritariamente nos glomérulos. Estes resultados são importantes pois abrem caminho para possibilidades de tratamento voltadas para os aspectos histológicos renais visando prevenir a evolução da doença.
Romero, Ana Carolina. "Alterações salivares na disfunção renal crônica em ratos induzida por 5/6 de nefrectomia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23140/tde-11112013-194514/.
Full textSaliva is a fluid produced and secreted by the salivary glands. It plays an important role in the homeostasis of individuals. Several diseases affect the production or composition of saliva secreted, among them chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is defined as a kidney damage or decreased kidney function for a three months exceeding period. It is classified in stages, and in its most advanced level there is a need for hemodialysis therapies or kidney transplantation. Many studies have sought oral manifestations, changes in salivary flow and composition in these patients, however when we look at the literature, we did not found studies that used an animal model for the study of salivary composition in chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in some components in the saliva of rats stimulated by pilocarpine (1mg/Kg) or isoproterenol (5mg/kg) in a model of 5/6 nephrectomy (CRF), compared with a positive control group (Sham) and a negative control (C) at two time period of 8 and 12 weeks. The chronic nephropathy was obtained with 5/6 nephrectomy by ligation of two branches of the left renal artery and right radical nephrectomy and Sham groups underwent surgery simulation. At the end of the experimental period, blood and saliva samples were collected from all groups and were analyzed: salivary flow rate, total protein concentration, activities of amylase and peroxidase, free and total sialic acid, as well as the ions calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and urea concentration in saliva. We also evaluate the serum concentrations of urea and creatinine. We observed a significant increase in serum urea and creatinine concentrations and salivary urea in IRC groups in both experimental times; Under pilocarpine stimulation, we found a significant decrease in the activity of the enzyme amylase 8 weeks after the surgery. 12 weeks after the surgery increase in the total protein concentration and peroxidase activity were observed; Under stimulation with isoproterenol, we observed decreases in the activities of amylase and peroxidase after 8 weeks; 12 weeks after the surgery we found decrease in salivary flow compared to the sham group, increase in the activity of the enzyme amylase and decrease of the peroxidase activity in CRF group when compared to control and sham groups. We conclude that the period of 12 weeks after surgery showed greater changes in saliva collected both by sympathetic stimulation and by parasympathetic stimulation, and this period should be used in future analyzes in salivary glands.
Thomaz, Myrian José. "Papel da nefrectomia do rim atrófico nos portadores de hipertensão renovascular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-29052008-103050/.
Full textObjective: to evaluate the beneficial effects of the Nephrectomy of atrophic kidney in patients with renovascular hypertension, on blood pression control and renal function. Methods: retrospective and observational study using data-base of 51 patients with refractory hypertension, atrophic kidney with significant stenosis or complete occlusion of renal artery undergone nephrectomy, between 1989 to 2005.The mean age of 47 ± 15 years (range 13-77 years), the median of serum creatinine level pre-op was 1.3 mg/dl (0.8- 4.5 mg/dl), the median of clearence of creatinine was estimated with MDRD was 54ml/min, the mean systolic blood pressure (BP) pre-op was 149,6± 22,5 mmhg and the mean diastolic BP pre-op was 90,8± 16,7 mmhg with mean 2,8± 1 of antihypertensive medication per day. The blood pressure and serum creatinine were analyzed each year for five years after nephrectomy. Results: The operative mortality was 2%, we found significant decrease of the mean systolic BP from 12 month until 36 month (p<=0,028) and the mean diastolic BP from 12 month until 48 month after nephrectomy (p<=0,045), associated to significant decrease of antihypertensive medication from 12 month to 48 month per patient (p<=0, 05).One year after the procedure, there was decrease of blood pressure in 69% of patients and improve of renal function in 64% of patients. Eight per cent who had worse of renal function after 12 month, recovery the function during the observation period of 60 month. There were no significant differences between \"respondedores\" (good response) and \"não respondedores (bad response)\" after the nephrectomy of the atrophic kidney when we have analyzed age (p=0,89), sex (=0,24), color (p=0,50), co-mobility and risk factors (p>=0,43), level of initial BP, previous serum creatinine (p>=0,90) and the existence of bilateral stenosis (p>=0,74). Eight per cent of patients had end stage of renal disease (ESRD) and dialysis treatment during the study period, all of them with atherosclerotic lesion of renal artery and initial clearence of creatinine less them 25 ml/min. Those patients with fibromuscular dysplasia had better results on the control of BP and renal function them atherosclerotic patients. Conclusion: The take off atrophic kidney caused by obstruction of renal artery is a safe procedure and brings benefits to blood pressure and preserve the renal function, in patients with renovascular hypertension, with better results in those patients with fbromuscular dysplasia
Costa, Pedro Henrique SÃ. "ModulaÃÃo da via das guanilinas pelo enalapril em ratos submetidos à nefrectomia 5/6." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13912.
Full textA doenÃa renal crÃnica (DRC) à caracterizada pela perda normalmente lenta, progressiva e irreversÃvel da funÃÃo renal. Sugere-se que, nesta patologia, a resposta natriurÃtica do organismo à ingestÃo de sal e a expansÃo de volume encontra-se reduzida em consequÃncia da lesÃo dos nÃfrons. Nesse contexto, mostram-se necessÃrios estudos que estabeleÃam uma relaÃÃo entre a DRC e a regulaÃÃo de peptÃdeos natriurÃticos, como guanilina (Gn), uroguanilina (UGn) e peptÃdeo natriurÃtico atrial (PNA), e o efeito da angiotensina II (AngII) sobre a regulaÃÃo destes peptÃdeos. Assim, buscou-se avaliar uma possÃvel modulaÃÃo da via das guanilinas pelo enalapril no modelo de nefrectomia 5/6 (nx5/6). Utilizou-se ratos Wistar, machos, com peso entre 250-300g. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos (n=8): grupos controle sem tratamento ou tratado com enalapril (10mg/kg v.o.) (SHAM e SHAM+E) e grupos submetidos à nx 5/6 sem tratamento ou tratado com enalapril (10 mg/kg v.o.) (Nx e Nx+E). Ao final da 10 semana apÃs a cirurgia, foram determinados alguns marcadores de funÃÃo renal. As amostras de rim foram encaminhadas para anÃlise histolÃgica e avaliaÃÃo expressÃo de RNAm para Gn, UGn, PNA e dos receptores da guanilato ciclase de membrana, GC-A e GC-C e do receptor de clearence (NPR-C). No intestino, determinou-se a expressÃo de RNAm para Gn, UGn e G-C. Nx apresentou os nÃveis sÃricos de creatinina (Nx= 1.28  0.07; SHAM= 0.67  0.02 mg/dL), urÃia (Nx=108.0  5.57; SHAM=96.83  4.08 mg/dL), proteinÃria (Nx=129.10  13.87 SHAM=96.83  4.07; mg/24hrs) e FENa+ (Nx=3.552  0.56; SHAM=1.43  0.16) aumentados, e a TFG (Nx=0.44  0.10  0.04; SHAM=0.97  0.07 mL/min) diminuÃda. Nx+E, quando comparado a Nx, apresentou nÃveis reduzidos de creatinina (Nx+E= 0.97  0.08; Nx=1.28  0.07 mg/dL), de proteinÃria (Nx+E=31.94  6.46 Nx= 129.10  13.87 mg/24hrs) e da FENa+ (Nx+E= 2.02  0.28; Nx=3.55  0.56), alÃm elevar a TFG (Nx+E=0.70  0.08; Nx=0.44  0.10 mL/min). Nx apresentou aumento da expressÃo gÃnica intra-renal de Gn (Nx=13.92  5.13; SHAM=1.08  0.20), UGn (Nx=12.77  7.00; SHAM=1.04  0.13), GC-A (Nx=5.91  1.36; SHAM=1.06  0.17) e NPR-C (Nx=7.835  1.72; SHAM=1.15  0.27), e Nx+E teve genes reduzidos para UGn (Nx+E=0.10  0.03; Nx=1.75  0.96), GC-A (Nx+E=0.031  0.01; Nx=1.18  0.27) e NPR-C (Nx+E=0.03  0.01; Nx=1.08  0.24) quando comparados a Nx. No intestino, houve uma reduÃÃo da transcriÃÃo de GC-C (Nx=0,22Â0,04; SHAM=1.12  0.22) em Nx, e o enalapril aumentou os nÃveis de expressÃo deste gene (Nx+E=3.94  0.57; Nx=1.15  0.22). Em conjunto, estes dados sugerem uma hiperativaÃÃo na via das guanilinas na DRC, alÃm de modulaÃÃo dessa classe de peptÃdeos por parte da AngII.
Costa, Pedro Henrique Sá. "Modulação da via das guanilinas pelo enalapril em ratos submetidos à nefrectomia 5/6." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/11415.
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A doença renal crônica (DRC) é caracterizada pela perda normalmente lenta, progressiva e irreversível da função renal. Sugere-se que, nesta patologia, a resposta natriurética do organismo à ingestão de sal e a expansão de volume encontra-se reduzida em consequência da lesão dos néfrons. Nesse contexto, mostram-se necessários estudos que estabeleçam uma relação entre a DRC e a regulação de peptídeos natriuréticos, como guanilina (Gn), uroguanilina (UGn) e peptídeo natriurético atrial (PNA), e o efeito da angiotensina II (AngII) sobre a regulação destes peptídeos. Assim, buscou-se avaliar uma possível modulação da via das guanilinas pelo enalapril no modelo de nefrectomia 5/6 (nx5/6). Utilizou-se ratos Wistar, machos, com peso entre 250-300g. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos (n=8): grupos controle sem tratamento ou tratado com enalapril (10mg/kg v.o.) (SHAM e SHAM+E) e grupos submetidos à nx 5/6 sem tratamento ou tratado com enalapril (10 mg/kg v.o.) (Nx e Nx+E). Ao final da 10ª semana após a cirurgia, foram determinados alguns marcadores de função renal. As amostras de rim foram encaminhadas para análise histológica e avaliação expressão de RNAm para Gn, UGn, PNA e dos receptores da guanilato ciclase de membrana, GC-A e GC-C e do receptor de clearence (NPR-C). No intestino, determinou-se a expressão de RNAm para Gn, UGn e G-C. Nx apresentou os níveis séricos de creatinina (Nx= 1.28 ± 0.07; SHAM= 0.67 ± 0.02 mg/dL), uréia (Nx=108.0 ± 5.57; SHAM=96.83 ± 4.08 mg/dL), proteinúria (Nx=129.10 ± 13.87 SHAM=96.83 ± 4.07; mg/24hrs) e FENa+ (Nx=3.552 ± 0.56; SHAM=1.43 ± 0.16) aumentados, e a TFG (Nx=0.44 ± 0.10 ± 0.04; SHAM=0.97 ± 0.07 mL/min) diminuída. Nx+E, quando comparado a Nx, apresentou níveis reduzidos de creatinina (Nx+E= 0.97 ± 0.08; Nx=1.28 ± 0.07 mg/dL), de proteinúria (Nx+E=31.94 ± 6.46 Nx= 129.10 ± 13.87 mg/24hrs) e da FENa+ (Nx+E= 2.02 ± 0.28; Nx=3.55 ± 0.56), além elevar a TFG (Nx+E=0.70 ± 0.08; Nx=0.44 ± 0.10 mL/min). Nx apresentou aumento da expressão gênica intra-renal de Gn (Nx=13.92 ± 5.13; SHAM=1.08 ± 0.20), UGn (Nx=12.77 ± 7.00; SHAM=1.04 ± 0.13), GC-A (Nx=5.91 ± 1.36; SHAM=1.06 ± 0.17) e NPR-C (Nx=7.835 ± 1.72; SHAM=1.15 ± 0.27), e Nx+E teve genes reduzidos para UGn (Nx+E=0.10 ± 0.03; Nx=1.75 ± 0.96), GC-A (Nx+E=0.031 ± 0.01; Nx=1.18 ± 0.27) e NPR-C (Nx+E=0.03 ± 0.01; Nx=1.08 ± 0.24) quando comparados a Nx. No intestino, houve uma redução da transcrição de GC-C (Nx=0,22±0,04; SHAM=1.12 ± 0.22) em Nx, e o enalapril aumentou os níveis de expressão deste gene (Nx+E=3.94 ± 0.57; Nx=1.15 ± 0.22). Em conjunto, estes dados sugerem uma hiperativação na via das guanilinas na DRC, além de modulação dessa classe de peptídeos por parte da AngII.
Freire, Elionai Gomes. "Nefrectomia 5/6 e sua influência na permeabilidade colônica De água e eletrólitos em ratos acordados." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/26103.
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The nephrectomy 5/6 is a surgical procedure most commonly used in physiology laboratories to reproduce chronic renal failure due to its reproducibility and practicality. Patients with IR or nephrectomized present hemodynamic disorders such as fluid overload and accumulation of azotônicas substances in plasma, which can have serious complications in various organs. The aim of this research was to evaluate the changes that nephrectomy 5/6 can cause colonic permeability of rats to water and electrolytes (Na+,K+,Cl-) after 3,7 and 14 days of renal failure The project was approved by CEUA-UFC protocol with n° 11/15. 92 animals were used (male rats Wistar, weighing 280-300 g) divided into three groups 3 days post-nephrectomy 5/6 7-days nephrectomy 5/6 and 14 days after nephrectomy 5 / 6- each group being formed by a SHAM and an experimental. For studies of colonic permeability of water and electrolytes, the animals were anesthetized with urethane, and then subjected to colonic infusion Tyroad + phenol red for 60 min. For all experiments, we monitor hemodynamic parameters (systolic-PAS blood pressure, central venous pressure, PVC, often heart-FC and blood volume- VS) and also biochemical plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine. Our biochemical results of bun and serum creatinine in groups 7 and 14 days confirmed the renal failure after nephrectomy 5/6 (114,8±1,8dl/ml; 165,6±7,2dl/ml) e (0,95±0,02dl/ml; 1,3± 0,07dl/ml) respectively. Groups 7 and 14 days post-nephrectomy 5/6 also showed significant blood volume changes (11,12±0,37 ml) e (15,83±0,82ml) The group 3 days did not present biochemical or significant hemodynamic results and insignificant colonic secretion of water and electrolytes (Na+,K+,Cl-) Correlation by linear regression curves between the colonic secretion of water and electrolytes in the blood volume in the group 7days performed quite significant in this work. We conclude that the 5/6 nephrectomy proved effective in chronic renal failure model, as promoted successive rise in urea levels and serum creatinine. The nephrectomy 5/6 promoted colonic secretion into water and electrolytes becoming evident in rats in groups 7 and 14 days post-nephrectomy. The close relationship of blood volume changes in group 7 days with the secretion of water and electrolytes (Na+, k+, Cl-) It makes us deduct be plasma hyperglycemia induced by 5/6 nephrectomy the decisive for absorption and secretion of these ions or in the colon.
A nefrectomia 5/6 é um procedimento cirúrgico muito utilizado em laboratórios de fisiologia para reproduzir a insuficiência renal crônica dada a sua reprodutibilidade e praticidade. Pacientes com IR ou nefrectomizados, apresentam distúrbios hemodinâmicos como a hipervolemia e acúmulo de substâncias azotônicas no plasma, o que pode trazer sérias complicações a diversos órgãos. O objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa foi avaliar as alterações que a nefrectomia 5/6 pode causar na permeabilidade colônica de ratos para água e eletrólitos (Na+,K+,Cl-) após 3,7 e 14 dias de insuficiência renal. O projeto foi aprovado pela CEUA-UFC com protocolo de n° 11/15. Foram utilizados 92 animais (ratos machos wistar, pesando entre 280-300 g) divididos em três grupos- 3 dias pós-nefrectomia 5/6, 7 dias pós-nefrectomia 5/6 e 14 dias pós nefrectomia 5/6- sendo cada grupo formado por um SHAM e outro experimental. Para os estudos da permeabilidade colônica de água e eletrólitos, os animais foram anestesiados com uretana, em seguida, submetidos à perfusão colônica com Tyroad + vermelho fenol durante 60min. Para todos os experimentos, monitoramos os parâmetros hemodinâmicos pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão venosa central (PVC), frequência cardíaca (FC) e volume sanguíneo (VS) e ainda as concentrações bioquímicas plasmáticas de ureia e creatinina. Os resultados bioquímicos de uréia e creatinina plasmática nos grupos 7 e 14 dias confirmaram a insuficiência renal após nefrectomia 5/6 (114,8±1,8dl/ml; 165,6±7,2dl/ml) e (0,95±0,02dl/ml; 1,3± 0,07dl/ml) respectivamente. Os grupos 7 e 14 dias pós-nefrectomia 5/6 também apresentou significativas alterações volêmicas (11,12±0,37ml) e (15,83±0,82ml) respectivamente. O grupo 3 dias não apresentou resultados bioquímicos nem hemodinâmicos significativos e uma insignificante secreção colônica de água e eletrólitos (Na+,K+,Cl-). Correlação por curvas de regressão linear entre a secreção colônica de agua e eletrólitos com a volemia no grupo 7dias se apresentou bastante significativa neste trabalho. Conclui-se que a nefrectomia 5/6 se mostrou eficiente no modelo de insuficiência renal crônica, pois promoveu elevação sucessiva nos níveis de ureia e creatinina séricos. A nefrectomia 5/6 promoveu a secreção colônica para água e eletrólitos tornando-se bem evidente em ratos nos grupos 7 e 14 dias pós-nefrectomia. A correlação muito próxima das alterações volêmicas no grupo 7 dias com a secreção de água e eletrólitos (Na+, k +, Cl-) nos faz deduzir ser a hipervolemia plasmática induzida pela nefrectomia 5/6 o determinante para absorção e ou secreção desses íons no cólon.
Rigatto, Sumara Zuanazi Pinto 1961. "Efeito da composição lipidica da dieta sobre a função renal em ratos submetidos a nefrectomia 5/6." [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309431.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Ratos Wistar, machos, com aproximadamente 10 semanas de idade, foram submetidos à nefrectomia 5/6 (Nx5/ó) e alimentados com dieta com baixa concentração de ácido linoleico (gordura de côco - NXCO) ou alta concentração de ácido linoleico (óleo de milho - NXMI) por um período de 14 semanas. Na 14º semana após a Nx5/6 realizou-se o estudo morfolóligo renal, bem como o estudo funcional que constou no clearence de creatinina, clearence de lítio e excreção fracionada de sadio, potássio e lítio nos dois grupos nefrectomizados (WXCo e NX MI) e respectivos controles íntegros (NLCO e NLMI). A análise morfológica revelou exuberante hipertrofla renal compensatória e esclerose glomerular leve nos animais nefrectomizados. A análise funcional revelou clearence de creatinina cerca de 50% menor nos animais nefrectomizados em relação aos controles, quando avaliada por peso corporal. mas não demonstrou modificação da filtração glomerular por peso de rim, sugerindo a presença de hiperfiltração glomerular. Os animais nefrectomizados apresentaram fração de excreção de sódio, fração de excreção de potássio e clearence de lítio malores que os animais íntegros (P. <0,05), sugerindo, a julgar pelo clearence de lítio participação do nefroproximal na natriurese deste modelo. Em relação à dieta, os animais nefrectomizados alimentados a base de óleo de milho apresentaram fração de excreção de sadio, potássio e lítio maiores que os animais nefrectomizados alimentados com dieta a base de gordura de côco (p < 0,05). Para 05 animais íntegros a influência da dieta foi semelhante (p <0,05). Sem modificações na fração de excreção de Sódio. Os resultados permitem concluir que a ingestão de ácido linoleico na dieta exerce um papel no manuseio tubular renal de sódio e potássio, em animais íntegros e na natriurese e caliurese adaptativas do modelo experimental estudado.
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Mestrado
Mestre em Medicina
Romero, Ana Carolina. "Estudo do efeito da nefropatia crônica experimental induzida pelos 5/6 de nefrectomia nas glândulas salivares de ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23140/tde-04032017-095835/.
Full textChronic kidney disease (CKD) promotes oral manifestations and salivary changes in patients, but few studies have evaluated the effects of this disease in the salivary glands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of experimental chronic nephropathy in morphology, metabolism, oxidative stress and ionic concentrations in parotid (PA) and submandibular glands (SM) of rats. Experimental chronic nephropathy was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy (CKD group) and the results were compared with the Sham and Control groups at 12 weeks experimental period. The initial and final body weights, serum and urinary levels of urea and creatinine, creatinine clearance and protein excretion were evaluated. The morphology of the renal cortex was assessed by counting glomeruli in 30 fields x200 magnification per group, moreover, the presence of glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis in CKD group were also evaluated. The PA and SM histological evaluation was made by ducts count in 30 fields x400 magnification per group and assessment of fibrosis and glycogen in the glandular parenchyma. Metabolic analysis measured the effects of CKD and sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of salivation in glycolytic, oxidative and anaplerotic metabolic fluxes using infusions with [U-13C]Glucose or [1,6-13C2]Glucose, [2-13C]Glucose and [U-13C]Fatty acids, using high resolution proton (1H) and carbon 13 (13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of glandular extracts as detection technique of 13C incorporation in intermediary metabolites. Enzyme activities were measured: hexokinase [HK], 1-phosphofructokinase (PFK-1), pyruvate kinase (PK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), amylase, peroxidase and catalase. Furthermore, the malondialdehyde [MDA], glycogen content and calcium, phosphorus and sodium ionic concentrations were quantified. Significant decreases of final body weights, significant increases in serum concentrations and decreases in urinary concentrations of urea and creatinine, decreased creatinine clearance and increased protein excretion were observed in CKD group comparing with the Control and Sham groups. In the evaluation of the renal cortex, a significant decrease in glomerulus count, inflammatory infiltration, tubular atrophy, glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis were found. In glandular histological evaluation was observed a significant increase in the ducts count and reduced glycogen content in SM gland. Metabolic analysis revealed the prevalence of glycolytic flux in the salivary glands. The salivary stimulus promoted significant increases of 12C-Lactate/12C-Alanine ratio in the Control and Sham groups, except the DRC PA group, which at rest had an increase of the ratio compared to the sham and control groups. In DRC PA group significant decreases in the levels of 12C-Alanine, 12C-Creatine and 12C-Glucose without stimulation and increase of 12C-Acetate with stimulus were observed. In CKD SM were detected increased levels of 12C-acetate and significant decrease of the 13C-Lactate/13C-Acetate indicative of post-stimulus inhibition of oxidative metabolism. These changes in levels of metabolites and their ratios, as well as the enrichment levels 13C denote major changes at the metabolic level in salivary glands due to DRC. In the enzymatic analyzes, at DRC PA gland were found significant decreases of PFK-1 and LDH activities compared to the Control group and significant increases of peroxidase and catalase compared to control and Sham groups. In DRC SM gland was observed a significant decrease in the enzymatic activity of PFK-1 compared to Control group. In addition, significant increases in MDA content in PA and SM and significant increase in sodium concentration were observed in the SM compared to the control and Sham groups. Structural, metabolic, oxidative stress and ionic changes demonstrate the occurrence of glandular dysfunction in CKD, which might be associated with the salivary changes that characterize the disease.
Costa-Matos, André. "Dados anatômicos preditivos de desfechos cirúrgicos em nefrectomia parcial por tumor: análise prospectiva do escore R.E.N.A.L." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-25102016-103804/.
Full textBackground and Purpose: The R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score (RNS) has been validated in multiple open, laparoscopic and robotic partial nephrectomy series. However, those studies are most retrospective and confounding factors could explain the results. The aim of this study was to test the accuracy of RNS in predicting perioperative outcomes in surgical treatment of kidney tumors < 7,0cm (T1b) in a prospective model. Methods: Between January 2010 and June 2012, 320 patients underwent radical or partial nephrectomy at our institution for the treatment of renal cancer. Of these, 173(54,1%) patients had a tumor < 7 cm, 71 patients (41%) were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and included in the prospective study. We evaluate the accuracy of the score in predicting perioperative outcomes (WIT, OT, EBL, conversion rate and complications) in partial nephrectomy using ROC curve, univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: No patients in low complexity (LC) group had WIT > 20 min, versus 12(41,4%) and 9(64,3%) in medium complexity (MC) and high complexity (HC) groups respectively (p=0,03) however with no significant accuracy: AUC=0,643 (p=0,07). RNS was associated with convertion rate (LC:28,6% ; MC:47,6%; HC:77,3%, p= 0,02). Patients with RNS < 8 were most often subjected to partial nephrectomy (93% x 72%, p=0,03) and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (56,8% x 28%, p 0,02), with good accuracy: AUC=0,715 (p=0,002). The RNS was also associated with operative time. Patients with a score >8 had 6.06 times greater chance of having a surgery duration > 180 min. (p=0,017), AUC=0,63 (p=0,059). R.E.N.A.L. score did not correlate with EBL, complications (Clavien > 3), LOS or positive surgical margin. Conclusion: R.E.N.A.L. score, in this data, was a good method in predicting surgical access route and type of nephrectomy. Also was associated with OT and WIT, but with weak accuracy. Although, RNS was not associated with Clavien > 3, EBL, LOS or positive surgical margin
Brandina, Ricardo Araujo. "O impacto de alterações histológicas do parênquima renal não-neoplásico na incidência de insuficiência renal crônica após nefrectomia radical." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-05102016-083020/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Radical nephrectomy is inevitably associated with a variable renal function decrease. Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent and there are few options for treatment in end stage CKD. The goal, as urologist, should be on optimizing renal function after surgery and not just avoiding dialysis. OBJECTIVES: In patients submitted to radical nephrectomy: 1. Primary objective: Assess the association of histopathological parameters in non-neoplastic renal parenchyma with new onset chronic kidney disease after surgery. 2. Secondary objective: Assess the association of demographic and clinical parameters with new onset chronic kidney disease after surgery. METHODS: Data were extracted from 65 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy. Using The MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) formula, we calculated the estimated glomerular filtration rate preoperatively and at last follow-up. The study end point was development of CKD, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60ml/minute/1,73m2. A renal pathologist assessed three histological features in the nonneoplastic parenchyma, including global glomerulosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. For glomerulosclerosis assessment, the percent of affected glomeruli was determined. Arteriosclerosis or the extent of arterial luminal occlusion was graded into three groups, including 1-0% to 25%, 2-26% to 50% and 3-greater than 50%. Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy were evaluated as absent/present. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 49,06 months, the eGFR rate decreased 26,52% after radical nephrectomy. Thirty five patients developed CKD. In a univariate analysis, the incidence of CKD was associated with glomerulosclerosis (OR=3,8), interstitial fibrosis (OR=3,8), arteriosclerosis (OR=3,3), hypertension (OR=3,7), Diabetes Mellitus (OR=11,6) and age (OR=3,4) after surgery. In a multivariate analysis, Charlson comorbidity index (OR= 2,3), glomerulosclerosis (OR= 1,2) and baseline eGFR(OR= 0,96) were associated with new onset CKD after radical nephrectomy. For each 2,5% increase in glomerular abnormality the eGFR rate decreased 28% from baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Histologic findings in the nonneoplasic tissue, in addition to clinical parameters, can be used to predict which patients are more likely to develop CKD after radical nephrectomy
Freire, Elionai Gomes. "5/6 nephrectomy and its influence on permeability water and eltrÃlitos in the colon of rats agreed.5/6 nephrectomy and its influence on permeability water and eltrÃlitos in the colon of rats agreed." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=17608.
Full textThe nephrectomy 5/6 is a surgical procedure most commonly used in physiology laboratories to reproduce chronic renal failure due to its reproducibility and practicality. Patients with IR or nephrectomized present hemodynamic disorders such as fluid overload and accumulation of azotÃnicas substances in plasma, which can have serious complications in various organs. The aim of this research was to evaluate the changes that nephrectomy 5/6 can cause colonic permeability of rats to water and electrolytes (Na+,K+,Cl-) after 3,7 and 14 days of renal failure The project was approved by CEUA-UFC protocol with n 11/15. 92 animals were used (male rats Wistar, weighing 280-300 g) divided into three groups 3 days post-nephrectomy 5/6 7-days nephrectomy 5/6 and 14 days after nephrectomy 5 / 6- each group being formed by a SHAM and an experimental. For studies of colonic permeability of water and electrolytes, the animals were anesthetized with urethane, and then subjected to colonic infusion Tyroad + phenol red for 60 min. For all experiments, we monitor hemodynamic parameters (systolic-PAS blood pressure, central venous pressure, PVC, often heart-FC and blood volume- VS) and also biochemical plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine. Our biochemical results of bun and serum creatinine in groups 7 and 14 days confirmed the renal failure after nephrectomy 5/6 (114,8Â1,8dl/ml; 165,6Â7,2dl/ml) e (0,95Â0,02dl/ml; 1,3 0,07dl/ml) respectively. Groups 7 and 14 days post-nephrectomy 5/6 also showed significant blood volume changes (11,12Â0,37 ml) e (15,83Â0,82ml) The group 3 days did not present biochemical or significant hemodynamic results and insignificant colonic secretion of water and electrolytes (Na+,K+,Cl-) Correlation by linear regression curves between the colonic secretion of water and electrolytes in the blood volume in the group 7days performed quite significant in this work. We conclude that the 5/6 nephrectomy proved effective in chronic renal failure model, as promoted successive rise in urea levels and serum creatinine. The nephrectomy 5/6 promoted colonic secretion into water and electrolytes becoming evident in rats in groups 7 and 14 days post-nephrectomy. The close relationship of blood volume changes in group 7 days with the secretion of water and electrolytes (Na+, k+, Cl-) It makes us deduct be plasma hyperglycemia induced by 5/6 nephrectomy the decisive for absorption and secretion of these ions or in the colon.
Junior, Tibério Moreno de Siqueira. "Análise comparativa dos resultados de duas técnicas de nefrectomia laparoscópica de doador vivo de dois centros de referência em transplante renal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-19032007-153300/.
Full textData of the first 11 laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy performed at Clinics Hospital of Federal University of Pernambuco (HCFMUFPE) between January and October, 2003 were prospectively recorded and compared with the first 50 laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy performed at Clinics Hospital of State University of São Paulo (HCFMUSP) between April, 2000 and August, 2003. Overall operative time (231 ± 39 min versus 179 ± 30 min, p ....), overall anesthesia time (299 ± 43 min versus 223 ± 31 min, p ....), average warm ischemia time (289 ± 111 versus 199 ± 95 seg, p .....) and blood loss (214 ± 98 versus 141 ± 82 ml, p..... ) were considered statistically significant better for the HCFMUSP group when compared with the HCFMUFPE group. One major complication was observed in each group (HCFMUFPE- 9.1% and HCFMUSP- 2%) and only one open conversion in the HCFMUFPE group (9.1%). Postoperatively, only pain scale at immediate post-operative day had statistically significant difference: 4.3 ± 2.2 versus 2.4 ± 2.3 (p ....). The HCFMUFPE group saved about R$ 3.985,00 per procedure due to the lack of use of disposable equipments. There were no statistically significant difference in time to initiate diuresis after graft implant (91% versus 92%) and acute tubular necrosis (27.3% versus 30%), with or without acute or chronic rejection, between the HCFMUFPE and HCFMUSP groups, respectively. One graft loss occurred in the HCFMUFPE group (9.1%) and two in the HCFMUSP group (4%). Four ureteral complications were seen in the HCFMUSP group (8%) whereas none in the HCFMUFPE group. No statistical difference was observed related to the recipient renal function after transplantation at 1º, 3º, 5º, 10º e 30º post operative days: 4.0 ± 2.2 versus 4.0 ± 3.0, 1.9 ± 0.9 versus xxxxxx, 1.8 versus 3.4, 1.7 versus 2.6 e 1.2 versus 1.57, respectively. In conclusion, the HCFMUFPE data shows that the learning curve is still to be overcome. Nonetheless, there were no major problems for the donors and no loss of renal graft function after transplantation. The occurrence of major complications in both groups and one death in the HCFMUSP group, highlight the complexity of this procedure. Finally, the HCFMUFPE surgical technique showed to be a safe, cheap and an attractive procedure to be used in undeveloped countries.
Pinto, Murilo Spinelli. "Avaliação do comprimento das veias renais em cadáver e perda da sua extensão com três diferentes tipos de ligadura e secção." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-12022009-135720/.
Full textIntroduction - End-stage renal diseases have high incidence. Renal transplantation is the best approach to such conditions. Live donor transplants offer shorter waiting times, and less surgical stress, but pose risks to the donor. The left kidney is preferred because the left renal vein is longer. The right kidney may be used in selected cases, in spite of the risks due to its shorter vein. The preferred clamping method to minimize right renal vein length waste has not been defined. Methods - The length of the right renal vein was assessed in cadavers, before and after clamping and section, with comparison of three clamping methods: Satinsky vascular clamp; Stapler; and Hem-o-lock® vascular clip. The chi-squared, paired t, and ONEWAY ANOVA tests were used for statistical analysis. Results - The right renal vein was found to be significantly shorter than the left one. The Satinsky method produced the greatest length of the right renal vein. The Stapler and Hem-o-lock® methods did not significantly differ, although the former produced values constantly higher than the latter. Conclusions - The right renal vein is significantly shorter (13.7%) than the left one, and the measures obtained with the three vascular clamping methods did not statistically differ
Machado, Christiano. "Estudo comparativo da resposta protetora do tecido renal em rins de doadores vivos submetidos à nefrectomia laparoscópica ou aberta na doação de órgãos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-16032012-092843/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Laparoscopically harvested kidneys regain normal function slowly than open recruited organs. However, long term graft survival seems to be similar between two approaches. Experimental studies suggest that laparoscopic surgery may play a role in ischemia reperfusion injury, but at this moment its effects in tissue expression of protective and inflammatory factors are unknown. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate tissue expression of protective and inflammatory factors in living donor kidneys harvested by laparoscopic or open surgery at two time points: after kidney retrieval and after reperfusion and correlate these findings with renal allograft function through postoperative serum creatinine level. METHODS: It was analyzed live renal recipients submitted to renal biopsies at two time points, after kidney retrieval (T-1) and 45 min after reperfusion (T+1). Two groups were compared: patients that received kidneys from laparoscopic nephrectomy and recipients of kidneys from open surgery. It was analyzed clinical data and renal function through serum creatinine level of 1st to 7th day, 30th day, 3rd and 6th postoperative month. The mRNA expression of Bcl-2, Hsp70, HO-1, VEGF, TNF, IL-6 e HIF1 were quantified by real time PCR, and protein expression of HO-1, Bcl-2, Caspase 3 and Bax were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Fifty five recipients were analyzed, twenty nine patients from open nephrectomy and twenty six patients from laparoscopic nephrectomy. We observed warm ischemia time was longer in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy than open donor nephrectomy (p=0,005). The renal function measured by area under curve of creatinine and incidence of delayed graft function were similar in laparoscopic and open groups. There was no difference in protective and inflammatory gene expression between groups, but in laparoscopic group, mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF have been decreased after reperfusion in comparison to moment T-1(p=0,007, p=0,034, respectively). Furthermore, HO-1 was correlated with warm ischemia time (Pearson r=0,773, p=0,042) and VEGF was correlated with creatinine AUC (Pearson r=0,885; p=0,019).CONCLUSION: Protective and inflammatory factors of ischemia reperfusion injury were not different between open and laparoscopic groups. In laparoscopic group, there was a lower gene expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF after reperfusion. The mRNA expression of VEGF after reperfusion was correlated with slow decline of creatinine
Andrade, Hiury Silva. "Desenvolvimento de modelo preditivo da função renal após nefrectomias unilaterais por meio da análise prospectiva dos fatores de risco pré-operatórios." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-11092018-130326/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: The kidneys can be affected by pathologies that compromise their function in several degrees and unilateral nephrectomy is the best treatment option in many cases. However, there are still controversies about the renal function outcomes after nephrectomies and there are few retrospective studies that proposed models to estimate the postoperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after surgery. Moreover, they have methodological flaws and contradictory results. OBJECTIVES: To prospectively evaluate preoperative prognostic factors associated to renal function outcomes six months after unilateral nephrectomies with a gold-standard isotopic technique (51Cr-EDTA). To formulate a model for estimate the postoperative GFR. And to evaluate which equation for GFR estimation using serum creatinine has the best concordance to the 51Cr-EDTA. METHODS: Preoperative variables were prospectively collected and included: demographics, clinical, laboratorial and imaging studies. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to identify the independent risk factors associated to renal function outcomes. These variables were used to create a model in order to predict the postoperative GFR. Correlation analyses were performed to evaluate which equation for GFR estimation using serum creatinine has the best concordance to the gold-standard isotope technique. RESULTS: One hundred and seven patients were enrolled and completed the study protocol from April 2014 to January 2018. Nephrectomy was performed for a benign disease in 63,2% of patients. After univariate and multivariate analyses, older age (p=0,008), higher split function of the affected kidney in DMSA scintigraphy (p < 0,001) and lower values of preoperative 51Cr-EDTA (p < 0,001) were identify as independent risk factors for postoperative GFR worsening. Using these variables, a mathematical model was elaborated to predict the postoperative GFR (postoperative 51Cr-EDTA = 37.9 - (0.29 x Age) - (0.42 x DMSA) + (0.67 x preoperative 51Cr-EDTA). Correlation analyses showed that GFR estimated by CKD-EPI equation has the best concordance to GFR measured by 51Cr-EDTA. CONCLUSIONS: The present study protocol demonstrated that age, DMSA and preoperative 51Cr-EDTA are significantly associated to postoperative renal function outcomes after unilateral nephrectomies and permitted the elaboration of a model to predict the postoperative GFR. Also demonstrated that CKD-EPI equation has the best concordance to the gold-standard technique for GFR measurement
Cavaglieri, Rita de Cássia. "Terapia com células tronco derivadas do líquido amniótico humano na nefropatia crônica experimental: é possível bloquear a progresso da doença renal estabelecida?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-09052018-101720/.
Full textMesenchymal stem cells (mSC) represent therapeutic potential for the treatment of renal diseases, due to their ability to induce tissue regeneration and functional recovery. Human amniotic fluid stem cells (AFmSC) are a class of fetal, pluripotent stem cells, which present characteristics intermediate between embryonic and adult stem cells. These cells are characterized by the expression of mesenchymal stem cells markers. In addition, they have the ability to differentiate into lineages of all embryonic germ layers. They also show high proliferative rates, but do not induce tumor formation. Therefore, AFmSC are considered to be a very promising cell source and these characteristics have generated a great interest concerning their potential renoprotective effects. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of AFmSC in an experimental model of chronic kidney disease, the 5/6 nephrectomy model (Nx), after the disease has been established, in order to more closely resemble the clinical settings in humans. AFmSC derived from second-trimester amniocentesis were isolated by plastic adhesion. After 4-7 passages, AFmSC characteristics were confirmed by flow cytometry and by their ability to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages. Two experimental protocols were performed: In protocol I, rats underwent 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) or sham surgery at day 0, received at day 15 a single dose of hAFmSC (5x105 cells) injected under the renal capsule and were studied at day 30 and 60 days. In protocol II, rats underwent Nx or sham surgery, and received at days 15 and 30, two doses of hAFmSC (5x105 cells) injected under the renal capsule, and were studied at day 60. In both protocols, the animals were subdivided into four groups: Sham, rats submitted to fictitious surgery; Sham+hAFmSC, Sham rats that received hAFmSC; Nx, rats submitted to nephrectomy 5/6; Nx+hAFmSC, Nx rats receiving hAFmSC. The hAFmSC were followed in the renal tissue by in situ hybridization for XY chromosome. In all the groups, clinical and histological parameters were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. Results: AFmSC cultivated demonstrated an ability to adhere to plastic, to grow in colonies and to differentiate in osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic cells. Quantitative analysis of cell markers by flow cytometry showed that isolated cells were positive for CD29, CD44, CD90 and CD105, with a small population of cells positive for CD14, CD34, CD45 and CD117, confirming a preponderant presence of mSC. Protocol I: After 30 days, the single dose of hAFmSC significantly reduced the blood pressure levels, proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis and improved the expression of podocytes markers, WT-1 and synaptopodin. A marked decrease on the number of macrophages and a discrete decrease of leucocyte infiltration, as well as a reduction of interstitial myofibroblasts was observed. Treatment with hAFmSC significantly reduced some proinflammatory cytokines (IL1beta, TNF-alpha, MCP-1 and RANTES). No significant difference in Th1 or Th2 cytokines was observed, except for IL-4 increase in Nx rats treated with hAFmSC. At 60 days of follow-up, Nx rats treated with hAFmSC presented reduced proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis and macrophages besides increase in WT-1 expression. No improvements were observed on serum creatinine and of interstitial fibrosis, after 30 and 60 days. Protocol II: Inoculation of two doses of hAFmSC in Nx rats improved blood pressure levels, proteinuria and interstitial fibrosis at day 60. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated, for the first time, that hAFmSC induced renoprotection in animals with established chronic kidney disease. Treatment with hAFmSC may represent a novel therapeutic approach for blocking the progression of chronic kidney disease
Cavaglieri, Rita de Cássia. "Terapia com células-tronco na nefropatia crônica experimental: é possível bloquear a progressão da doença renal?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-19032010-125745/.
Full textStem cells (SCs) offer therapeutic potential for the treatment of renal diseases, due to the possibility of tissue regeneration and functional recovery. Various studies have shown renoprotection by SCs in experimental models of acute kidney disease. However, only a few studies have studied their effect in chronic kidney disease. The beneficial effect of SCs seems related to their capacity to differentiate or to secrete paracrine/endocrine factors. In this context, the inoculation route or the number of SCs homing in the injured region can play a crucial role. Therefore, transplantation of MSC through the intravenous route does not seem to be best suited for delivery of an important number of cells to the target organ. An alternative technique consists in local delivery of SCs in the subcapsular region of the kidney. The objective of the present study is to analyze the migration, distribution and potential renoprotective effect of the subcapsular inoculation of two types of SC - BSMC and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) - in an experimental model of chronic kidney disease, the 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx). SCs were collected from the femur and tibia of donor rats by flushing. BSMC were isolated by centrifugation on a concentration gradient and MSCs were isolated by their capacity to adhere to plastic. Both types of SC were stained with DAPI to allow visualization in tissues. SC characterization was carried out by flow cytometry and differentiation in culture. Two experimental procedures were performed. In protocol I, BSMC (106 cells) were injected in female rats and in protocol II, MSCs (2x105 cells) were injected in male rats. Animals were divided into 4 groups: SHAM, sham-operated rats; SHAM+SC, sham-operated rats receiving BSMC or MSCs; Nx, rats undergoing 5/6 nephrectomy; Nx+SC, 5/6 Nx rats receiving BSMC or MSCs. We used Massons Trichrome staining and a semiquantitative analysis according to the degree of infiltration to follow the localization of BSMC in the renal tissue and to quantify their infiltration, respectively. The following parameters were studied: arterial blood pressure (AP), proteinuria (Uprot), albuminuria (Ualb) and serum creatinine (Screat). For the animals receiving SCs, analysis of histology, of inflammatory markers, of proliferating cells and of podocytes was performed. Results from Protocol I assessing DAPI-stained BSMC showed marked infiltration in 5 days from the subcapsular region to the cortex and the medulla, including presence in the glomeruli, over a period of 15 days. Female rats that received subcapsular injection of BSMC did not show improvement of the parameters used to assess kidney function. Protocol II: cultured MSCs demonstrated an ability to adhere to plastic, to grow in colonies and to differentiate in osteogenic cells. Quantitative analysis of cell markers by flow cytometry showed that isolated cells were positive for CD44 and CD90, with a small population of cells positive for CD31, CD34 and CD45, confirming a preponderant presence of MSCs. Inoculation of MSCs in Nx rats blocked the progression of the renal disease. Elevated AP in Nx rats at 15 and 30 days (149.6 ± 9.1 and 191.7 ± 2.8 mm Hg, respectively) was significantly reduced by inoculation of MSCs at 30 days (145.2 ± 6.8 mm Hg, p<0.05 vs Nx). Nx rats showed increased creatinine at 15 and 30 days (1.13 ± 0.08 and 1.16 ± 0.26 mg/dL, respectively) that was significantly reduced by injection of MSCs at 15 days (0.58 ± 0.03 mg/dL, p<0.05 vs Nx). Albuminuria was increased in Nx rats at 15 and 30 days (41.7 ± 10.8 and 138.7 ± 33.6 mg/24h, respectively) and was reduced in the Nx+MSC group at both time points (4.6 ± 1.5, and 23.4 ± 7.7 mg/24h, respectively; p<0.0001 vs Nx). Histologic analysis showed that glomerulosclerosis at 30 days in the Nx+MSC group was significantly reduced as compared to the Nx group (5.4 ± 2.5 % vs 22.0 ± 6.1 %, p<0.0001). Analysis of interstitial fibrosis did not show difference after 15 and 30 days in the Nx+MSC group compared to Nx group. Nx rats receiving MSCs showed slightly decreased inflammation markers, macrophages and lymphocytes, and proliferating cells in the renal tissue when compared to Nx rats. Analysis of myofibroblasts showed a significant decrease in expression of -smooth muscle actin in Nx+MSC rats compared to Nx rats. Podocyte number was analyzed by detection of WT-1, a specific marker. Nx rats receiving MSC had a significantly higher number of podocytes than Nx rats. In conclusion, our results show that after inoculation in the subcapsular region, SCs migrate throughout the cortex in direction of the medulla. Subcapsular inoculation of MSC provides a renoprotective effect in the model of 5/6 nephrectomy. Therefore, subcapsular inoculation could represent an important route of delivery of SCs to the kidney that allows a higher number of cells to act in the protection from progression of the disease.
Degaspari, Sabrina. "Alteração na sinalização inflamatória e na proteína Klotho em pacientes com Doença Renal Crônica (DRC), em hemodiálise, na presença e ausência de déficit cognitivo e em modelo animal de DRC (nefrectomia 5/6)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42136/tde-15032014-100358/.
Full textCKD is a condition that describes irreversible alteration of renal function and development of various neurological symptoms. Several hypotheses are described as triggering factors of cognitive impairment (CI) related to CKD, including the linked of oxidative stress, inflammation and Klotho in the pathogenesis of CKD and of injuries related to vascular dementia. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the presence and absence of CI in patients with CKD on hemodialysis, as well as in a 5/6 renal ablation animal model, linking to citokynes and Klotho levels in plasma, brain and kidney samples and cerebrospinal fluid. Our data showed no differences in serum pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators in CKD and CKD-CI groups when compared to the control group as well in the animal model of CKD. Our data also showed a reduction in serum levels of Klotho among individuals with CKD-CI, as well as in animals with CI associated with the animal model of CKD when compared with the respective control groups and CKD without deficit.
Ferreira, Gustavo Fernandes. "Avaliação do metabolismo mineral do doador de rim em vida." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-09122014-140225/.
Full textIntroduction: Living kidney donors (LKDs) experience an abrupt decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Mineral metabolism adaptations in early CKD are still debated and not well studied in LKDs. We prospectively studied acute and long term mineral metabolism adaptation of LKDs. Materials and Methods: We measured renal function and mineral metabolites longitudinally for 1 year (days (D) 1, 2, 14, 180, & 365 post-operatively) in 74 healthy individuals who underwent kidney live donation. Results: eGFR (MDRD) decreased to 59% of its baseline on day 2 and started to increase at day 3, to its maximum at day 360 (75.3±15.6 ml/min/1.73m2, p < 0.01) wile FGF23 increased from 60.6 (25th-75th percentile 19-81 RU/mL) at baseline to 111.0±144.6 (p < 0.01) on day 1 and keep higher than baseline throwout the study. PTH rose maximally on day 1 (64.9 ± 30.3pg/ml) and returned to its base line on D2 and did not change after that. Total serum Calcium levels decreased from 9,40±0,48 mg/dL to a nadir of 7.99±0,51 mg/dL on day 1 (p < 0.001). Serum Phosphate levels reached their nadir on day 2 (2.61±0,52 mg/dL; p < 0.01). At D14 total calcium and phosphate levels had returned to baseline, but phosphate levels returned down on D360 (3.36±0,52 mg/dL; p < 0.001). Phosphate excretion fraction (FePO4) increased from base line (11.4±5.2%) up to 15.2±8.1% until D360 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Abrupt reduction in eGFR induces physiological increases in FGF23 and PTH, and decreases in serum Ca and Pi in the first week. The changes in FGF23 and Pi urinary fractional excretion of Pi remain modestly yet significantly different from baseline throughout the first year after nephrectomy. Wile Ca, PTH and Pi serum levels are not significantly different from the baseline
Aniteli, Tatiana Martins. "Efeitos da sobrecarga de fósforo dietético na expressão dos cotransportadores NaP-IIb e PiT-1 em ratos controles e urêmicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-14092015-094150/.
Full textPhosphorus is one of the most abundant minerals in the body besides being essential for many biological processes. Phosphorus homeostasis depends on absorption in the small intestine, renal excretion, bone remodeling and hormones such as parathyroid hormone, calcitriol and FGF-23. In patients with chronic kidney disease phosphorus urinary excretion is compromised leading to hyperphosphatemia, which contributes to increased morbidity and mortality of these patients. Intestinal absorption of phosphorus in the small intestine, particularly of NaP-IIb and PiT-1 cotransporters is poorly studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different concentrations of phosphorus in protein expression and gene of NaP-IIb and PiT-1 cotransporters as well as in apoptosis of enterocytes of different segments of intestine in control and uremic animals. We studied seventy-six male Wistar rats initially divided into two groups: controls (C) and uremic (Nx). Each group was subdivided into three others, according to the phosphorus concentration in the diet: Low diet (0.2% P), Standard diet (0.54% P) and High diet (0.9% P). We analyzed biochemical parameters (creatinine, P, iCa, PTH and FGF-23), protein expression of cotransporters, using Western Blot, ELISA, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR and apoptosis of enterocytes using the TUNEL technique. Results showed that serum creatinine, P, PTH and FGF-23 were significantly higher in Nx animals. In C animals with a diet low in P we observed increase in protein expression of NaP-IIb cotransporter in all segments of the intestine while in low Nx expression of this cotransporter was lower only in jejunum. As for PiT-1 expression was lower in the ileum of the high Nx group compared to their respective control. Gene expression of NaP-IIb cotransporter was lower in the jejunum of high Nx and higher in the ileum of the same group as compared to their respective controls. PiT-1 gene expression was higher in all segments of the low Nx group compared to their controls. We detected a direct correlation between the gene expression of NaP-IIb in jejunum and serum phosphorus. Gene expression of PiT-1 correlated with serum phosphorus in the jejunum, and correlated with the serum levels of FGF-23 in the jejunum and duodenum. In the duodenum and jejunum the percentage of apoptotic enterocytes was higher in high Nx animals compared to controls; particularly in the duodenum the percentage of these cells was also higher in low Nx group and standard control. In the jejunum in both low Nx group and standard Nx we observed fewer apoptotic cells than in their respective controls. When we analyze all intestinal segments together the high Nx group had more apoptotic cells than the control, and the opposite was observed in the low Nx group and standard Nx group. In conclusion, diets with different phosphorus concentrations promote changes in protein expression and gene of NaP-IIb and PiT-1 cotransporters in the small intestine that do not follow a uniform pattern. Phosphorus overhead increases the percentage of apoptotic enterocytes in uremic animals