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1

Frisell, Hjalmar, and Michael Samsioe. "Dunskandalen : En studie om negativ publicitet." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-113116.

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I januari 2009 sände Kalla fakta ett program om hur gäss plockas på dun levande. Dunet används för att fylla bland annat täcken och kuddar som säljs i Sverige. En rad stora svenska och internationella företag blev omnämnda i dokumentären som ledde till att många företag i dunbranschen drog på sig negativ publicitet.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur Åhléns och Jysk har hanterat den negativa publiciteten och hur Kungsängen har lyckats att ta avstånd från den negativa publiciteten.

En undersökningsmodell har byggts upp med hjälp av teorier inom bland annat krishantering som sedan används för att jämföra företagens olika arbetsprocesser i samband med gåsdunskandalen. Modellen är uppbyggd i tre faser: krisförberedelse, krishantering och analys/utveckling efter krisen.

Metoden vi använde oss av är av kvalitativ art med telefonintervjuer och frågor via mail som insamlingsmetod.

Många likheter kom fram under arbetets gång gällande företagens sätt att hantera en publicitetskris jämfört med undersökningsmodellen. Undersökningsmodellen kan således användas som riktlinjer för att hantera en publicitetskris.

I undersökningen kommer vi bland annat fram till att företag bör hantera negativ publicitet genom att vara snabba, öppna och konsekventa i sin informationsgivning till allmänheten.

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2

Bitouie, Hamid, and Carl Rosenbaum. "Marknadsföring med celebriteter : En studie om riskerna för negativ publicitet." Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6216.

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Den ökande användningen av celebrity endorsement vid marknadsföring har fått större uppmärksamhet i media, såväl på den nationella som på den internationella marknaden. Med celebrity endorsement, som är ett amerikanskt uttryck, menas att celebriteter används vid marknadsföring och skall fungera som en talesman för en produkt eller en tjänst. Trots att det finns många fördelar med denna strategi finns det också en baksida. Med tanke på detta har vi funnit det intressant att undersöka de negativa aspekterna som kan uppstå med denna typ av marknadsföringsstrategi och den riskproblematik som råder. Syftet med denna undersökning blir därmed att belysa riskerna och öka förståelsen för problematiken som celebrity endorsement för med sig. Vi kan tack vare genomförda intervjuer samt en enkätundersökning se att tidigare teorier och verkligheten idag inte stämmer helt överens, och därför har vi framhävt de skillnader som har nyanserats i undersökningen. Vidare har vi fokuserat på hur företag bör gå tillväga för att minimera så många av riskerna med denna typ av strategi som möjligt. De skillnader som är mest uppenbara är att människor har större tolerans vad det gäller dåligt beteende från celebriteters sida än vad tidigare teorier säger. Andra resultat som kan utläsas ur undersökningen är att det finns klara skillnader på hur män och kvinnor uppfattar reklam. Undersökningen visar även att tidigare skrivna teorier vad gäller överexponeringens betydelse skiljer sig från konsumenternas uppfattning.

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Carroll, Lisa, Azra Dervisevic, and Tom Sternberg. "Kommunikation som ett redskap vid negativ publicitet : En fallstudie på Volkswagen AG utifrån signalteori." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-72590.

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4

Kasto, Nanci, Elina Sargezi, and Micaela Tärnhamn. "Can commitment save companies from negative publicity? : The tempering effect of commitment and corporate response on negative publicity." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-7794.

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According to Faircloth, Capella & Alford, (2001), a brand is one of the most important assets a company can possess. A brand is what the consumers relate to when differentiating one com-pany from another and therefore plays a vital role for determining competitive advantage. How-ever, in the modern world, with the increasing technology advances, companies are losing more and more control of what is said and spread about their brands. What takes companies years to build can nowadays be destroyed in just a short amount of time. When dealing with negative publicity, a company‟s actions have a crucial role in determining the outcome of the negative publicity. The theoretical literature suggests that strong respective weak corporate response, will decide whether the consumers‟ brand attitude will be improved or wors-ened. Furthermore, it is also argued that consumers‟ commitment level can temper the effects of negative publicity in the sense that the more committed a consumer is, the more he/she will re-sist a change in brand attitude. Therefore, the purpose of this study is "to examine if consumers’ atti-tude towards a brand is changed depending on strong or weak corporate response to the negative publicity. A significant aspect is to investigate and further associate the commitment variable to the outcome of change in attitudes as a result of the negative publicity."

In order to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between corporate response and brand attitude, an experiment was conducted where corporate response was the independent variable and brand attitude was the dependent variable. Furthermore, the commitment variable was in-cluded as a covariate; an independent variable not manipulated by the experimenter but still ex-pected to affect the outcome. Three different questionnaires were created: 1) Negative publicity with weak corporate response, 2) Negative publicity with strong corporate response, and 3) Negative publicity only. The experiment was conducted on consumers in Jönköping. The results indicate that whether a company decides to reply with a strong or weak corporate re-sponse to negative publicity, it will in the end have an effect on the consumers‟ brand attitude. Furthermore, the results also reveal that a consumer‟s level of commitment reinforces the effect of corporate response on his/her attitude towards a brand. In other words, the degree of the consumers‟ commitment towards a brand can temper the effect of negative publicity, ultimately saving companies from the consequences of negative publicity.

 

 


Ett varumärke är enligt Faircloth, Capella & Alford (2001), företagets viktigaste tillgång. Varu-märket spelar en viktig roll i att avgöra ett företags konkurrensfördel, då konsumenter relaterar till ett varumärke för att kunna differentiera mellan olika företag. I takt med de ökande teknolo-giska framryckningar i den moderna världen, har företag däremot börjat förlora alltmer kontroll över det som sägs och sprids om företagets varumärke. Det som tar företag åratal att bygga upp kan numera förgöras under en kort tidsperiod. När det gäller att handskas med negativ publicitet har företagets handlingar en stor inverkan på konsekvensen av den negativa publicitet som företaget har utsatts för. Den teoretiska litteraturen föreslår att stark respektive svag företagsrespons kommer att avgöra om konsumenternas attityd gentemot varumärket kommer förbättras eller försämras. Dessutom menar man att konsumen-tens lojalitetsnivå har en dämpande effekt på negativ publicitet. Ju lojalare en konsument är, des-to mer kommer han/hon att motstå en ändring i attityd gentemot varumärket i fråga trots den negativa publiciteten. Därmed är syftet med denna uppsats att ”undersöka om konsumenters attityd gentemot ett varumärke ändras beroende på stark eller svag företagsrespons i förhållande till den negativa publici-teten. En betydelsefull aspekt är att utreda och associera den kompletterande variabeln, lojalitet, med de utfallande ändringarna i attityd till följd av negativ publicitet”. I avsikt att utröna orsak-och-verkan relationen mellan företagsrespons och varumärkesattityd, ut-fördes ett experiment där företagsrespons var den oberoende variabeln och varumärkesattityd var den beroende variabeln. Därutöver, var lojalitetsvariabeln inkluderad som en covariate, dvs. en oberoende variabel som inte var manipulerad av forskarna men som ändå förväntades påver-ka resultatet. Tre olika enkäter var utformade: 1) Negativ publicitet med svag företagsrespons, 2) Negativ publicitet med stark företagsrespons, och 3) Endast negativ publicitet. Experimentet ut-fördes på konsumenter i Jönköping. Resultaten påvisar att vare sig ett företag väljer att hantera negativ publicitet genom stark eller svag företagsrespons, kommer resultatet att ha en inverkan på konsumenternas varumärkesatti-tyd. För övrigt visar resultaten att nivån av konsumentens lojalitet gentemot ett varumärk kom-mer att förstärka effekten av företagsresponsen på kundens varumärkesattityd. Med andra ord, graden av konsumenters lojalitet mot ett varumärke kan dämpa effekten av negativ publicitet och därmed rädda företag från degeneration av varumärket till följd av negativ publicitet.


Grade: VG, (ECTS) A
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5

Ekberg, Emma, and Hugo Blomqvist. "När David förlorade mot Goliat : En studie om hur ett varumärke påverkas vid förlusten av en tvist." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-298330.

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I november 2015 avgjordes en tvist mellan havredrycksproducenten Oatly och branschorganisationen Svensk Mjölk i Marknadsdomstolen. Svensk Mjölk stämde Oatly eftersom de ansåg att deras marknadsföring var vilseledande. Stämningen ledde till att Oatly dömdes till förbud för marknadsföring som antyder att havremjölk är ett bättre val än komjölk. Denna studies syfte är att undersöka hur tvisten påverkat Oatlys lojala kunders varumärkesuppfattning utifrån begreppet brand image. För att undersöka detta genomfördes en kvalitativ studie med 18 konsumenter som representerat Oatlys lojala kunder: veganer, vegetarianer, laktosintoleranta och mjölkallergiker. Deras uppfattningar undersöktes utifrån teorier om Cause Related Marketing, negativ publicitet och självkongruens hos konsumenter. Majoriteten av respondenternas uppfattningar av Oatly har förbättrats efter tvisten, framförallt för att de ansåg att Oatly var i underläge och att de stod upp för en samhällsfråga. Studiens resultat tyder på att ett företag som upplevs vara en underdog kan undvika att ta skada från negativ publicitet.
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Costéus, Mimi, and Linnea Lindblom. "Hur påverkas en influencers eget grundade varumärke av att influencern är med om en skandal? En kvantitativ undersökning om hur negativ publicitet påverkar varumärkets Instagram." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DVMT), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44742.

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Influencers har idag ett stort inflytande på konsumenter vilket, till viss del, blivit avgörande för företag. Det förekommer mer frekvent att influencers även skapar egna grundade varumärken. Denna studie har utgått från fyra svenska influencers som har ett eget grundat varumärke. Dessa influencers och deras varumärken är Therése Lindgren (Indy Beauty), Katrin Zytomierska (Clean Eating), Rebecca Stella Dion (Rebecca Stella Beauty) och Alice Stenlöf (A-dsgn). Studien syftar till att undersöka hur en influencers skandal påverkar deras eget grundade varumärke på Instagram. Detta undersöktes med hjälp av två kvantitativa metoder. Den första metoden, digital datainsamling, analyserade antalet gilla-markeringar och antalet kommentarer på varumärkenas Instagram. Studien undersökte sedan individers agerande gentemot influencernas varumärke genom en kvantitativ enkätundersökning. Resultatet som framkom var att medelvärdet för gilla-markeringarna minskade för tre av fyra av varumärken efter skandalen. Medelvärdet för kommentarer minskade för ett av fyra varumärken. Resultatet från enkätundersökningen visade att respondenterna aktivt tog avstånd från att gilla varumärkets inlägg på Instagram efter skandalen. Den främsta anledningen till detta var att de inte ville stötta influencers förens de såg en förändring i influencerns agerande. Respondenterna ville även motta en offentlig ursäkt från influencern innan de var beredda att förlåta influencern.
Today influencers have a great influence on consumers, which to some extent, has become crucial for companies. It is more common for influencers to also create their own established brands. This study has been based on four Swedish influencers that have their own established brand. These influencers and their brands are Therése Lindgren (Indy Beauty), Katrin Zytomierska (Clean Eating), Rebecca Stella Dion (Rebecca Stella Beauty) and Alice Stenlöf (A-dsgn). The study aims to investigate how an influencer's scandal affects their own founded brand on Instagram. This was investigated using two quantitative methods. The first method, cross-sectional study, analyzed the number of likes and the number of comments on the brands Instagram. The study then examined respondents’ actions online towards the influencers brand through a quantitative survey. The result showed that the average number of likes decreased after the scandal for three out of four influencer brands. The average number of comments decreased for one out of four brands. Moreover, the results from the survey revealed that the respondents actively choose not to like posts from influencer brands on Instagram after the scandal. The main reason for this was that the respondents did not want to support influencers until they were convinced the influencers had changed their behaviors and actions. Furthermore, the respondents also wanted to receive a public apology from the influencer before they were prepared to forgive the influencer.
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Hiort, Elin, Clara Alcenius, and Tea Andersson. "Kroppspositivismens påverkan på modeföretags storleksutbud : En kvalitativ studie om hur företag implementerar nya arbetssätt utifrån etiska strömningar på sociala medier." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26633.

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Syfte: Syftet med denna studien är att se hur de etiska strömningarna påverkan modeföretags beslut om att utöka storlekarna och implementera större storlekar. Forskningsfrågorna är 1.  Av vilka anledningar väljer svenska modeföretag att utöka sitt storleksutbud med större storlekar? och 2. Vad har sociala medier och etiska strömningar för inverkan på legitimitetsskapande affärsbeslut?   Teoretiskt ramverk: Denna studie använder sociala medier, den kroppspositivistiska rörelsen och konsekvenser av negativ publicitet som teoretisk bakgrund. Studien är även baserad på viktiga begrepp från institutionell teori; legitimitet, decoupling och mimetic isomorphism. Metod: Denna studie är baserad på en kvalitativ forskningsmetod  med hjälp av intervjuer hos två svenska modeföretag. De anställda som blev intervjuade hade alla roller som antingen varit involverade i beslutet om att utöka storlekar eller som har påverkats av det.   Resultat: Resultaten av studien visar att den kroppspositivistiska rörelsen har haft en inverkan på de studerade företagens beslut att utvidga deras storlek. Andra orsaker som hittades var att undvika negativ publicitet samt skapa legitimitet.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to see how ethical currents affect fashion companies' decisions to widen their size range and implement bigger sizes. The research questions are 1. For what reasons do Swedish fashion companies decide to widen their size range with bigger sizes? and 2. What influence does social media and ethical currents have on legitimacy based business decisions? Theoretical foundation: This study uses theoretical background on social media, the body positivity movement and consequences of negative publicity. The study is also based on important concepts taken from the institutional theory; legitimacy, decoupling and mimetic isomorphism. Design/methodology/approach: The study is based on a qualitative research method involving two Swedish fashion companies. The employees who were interviewed all have roles that are either involved in the decision to widen the size range or have been affected by it. Findings: The results of the study shows that the body positivity movement has had an impact on the companies' of this study’s decision to widen their size range. Other reasons found were to avoid negative publicity and create legitimacy.
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Johansson, Conny, Simon Möllefors, and Shkumbin Ibrahimi. "Managing negative publicity : A quantitative study on how negative publicity affects the consumer." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-19371.

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Background: A brand’s reputation can take many years to build up, although the value of the brand is not forever. Accidents, scandals or product safety incidents associated to a certain corporation can affect a brands reputation. The oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in April 2010 led to much information being spread around regarding BP, the company behind the accident. The environment took damage and BP endured a lot of negative publicity. Purpose: To gain knowledge about the effects on a company suffering from negative publicity and how they could proceed in order to minimize the damage. Delimitations: This study is based on the company BP and their incident in the Gulf of Mexico in April 2010. The investigation was done in the United States of America on American customers with a population restricted to car owners as the study examines purchase behavior. Method: The research was conducted through a deductive quantitative approach. The data sources were collected by an archival analysis and an electronic questionnaire. Conclusion: If the information received from media and from word-of-mouth after an incident (like BP’s oil spill) is considered as negative towards the company, this leads to a decrease in positive attitudes among customers that in turn affects purchase behavior negatively. It is important to implement strategies in the company as a foundation against negative publicity. The study shows that the most influencing strategies on consumer attitudes were corporate social responsibility followed by brand positioning.
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Pearce, Gregory T. "Negative pretrial publicity and juror verdicts testing the demand characteristics hypothesis /." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-1/pearceg/gregorypearce.pdf.

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Klein, Jeff. "Identity Protection: Copyright, Right of Publicity, and the Artist's Negative Voice." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1395585265.

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Högberg, Mårder Josefine, and Emelie Lindvall. "Consumers’ Brand Attitudes: : The Effect of Negative Publicity and Companies’ Response Strategies." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35082.

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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess whether the extent to which consumers’ brand attitudes change when the consumers are exposed to negative publicity of the brand, and when exposed to a company’s response to negative publicity, differ depending on the consumers’ degree of brand loyalty and depending on how positive the consumers’ initial brand attitudes are. Design/methodology/approach: The study had a deductive research approach with a single cross-sectional descriptive and exploratory design. Archival analysis was used to collect relevant theories and to conduct the preparatory data collection through data mining, both in which secondary data was gathered. Survey was used when collecting qualitative primary data in the preparatory data collection through focus groups, and when collecting primary data in the main data collection through a questionnaire. The main data was further analyzed through a one-way ANOVA within a non-parametric Levene’s test. Findings: The extent to which consumers’ brand attitudes changed when consumers were exposed to negative publicity of the brand differed depending on if the consumers’ initial brand attitudes were positive or negative. Consumers with negative brand attitudes had a smaller attitude change compared to consumers with positive brand attitudes, opposed to what was assumed in the current study. The extent to which consumers’ brand attitudes changed when consumers were exposed to negative publicity of the brand did not statistically differ depending on the consumers’ degree of brand loyalty. Neither did the extent to which consumers’ brand attitudes changed when the consumers were exposed to a company’s response to negative publicity differ depending on how positive the consumers’ brand attitudes were, nor on the consumers’ degree of loyalty toward the brand. Research limitations/suggestions for future research: The information concerning the negative event and the company’s response strategy was very concentrated in the questionnaire. In real life, consumers would have had different perceptions of both the event and the response since some parts require consumers to actively search for information. Hence, suggestion for future research is to measure the attitude changes where the consumers have gained information in a natural course. Implications: The new perspective brought forth through the study could be useful for brand managers to bear in mind when setting up strategies on how to manage a negative publicity situation such as the Apple/Foxconn case.
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Smallwood, Crystal M. "The Effects of Negative Publicity on the Performance of Professional Baseball Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/26.

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This study researched the effects of negative publicity on the performance of professional baseball athletes. Four athletes’ performance statistics were evaluated before a scandal that produced negative publicity, during the height of the negative publicity and after the scrutiny tapered off. Chipper Jones, Wade Boggs, Alex Rodriguez and David Justice were the athletes chosen for the study, and all four athletes experienced a similar scandal and negative publicity about their personal and professional lives. The results showed an effect on performance, but it was not always negative and could not be definitively linked to the negative exposure in the media. This suggests that further research is needed and should be continued on a broader scale.
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Han, Joon Hye. "The effectiveness of Corporate Social Responsibility advertising as a buffer against negative publicity." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-effectiveness-of-corporate-social-responsibility-advertising-as-a-buffer-against-negative-publicity(0bc26a58-4111-49e8-8413-25be8c9c8c0e).html.

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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) advertising is a type of corporate image advertising which promotes the CSR-based identity of a company in order to build and/or improve a socially responsible image. A CSR-based image and a good reputation for CSR at large has been regarded as a reservoir of goodwill which can function as a buffer against negative publicity. With this in mind, this thesis examines the effectiveness of CSR advertising for the purpose of insulating a firm from the negative impacts of crisis news by creating a positive image as a socially responsible company. This study also investigates the influences of favourable attitudes toward the CSR ad and how the level of attribution of crisis responsibility to the company modifies the effectiveness of CSR advertising as a buffer. As part of this process, the news frames which describe the crisis from either an accident perspective or a preventable-incident perspective and the ad-appeals (i.e., information-based and affect-based ad-appeals) were manipulated to test how they influence the effectiveness of CSR advertising when acting as a buffer. Adopting a quantitative methodology, this study collects data through web-based experiments with online panellists utilising fictitious video commercials and crisis news scenarios concerning a fictitious company. The results indicated that people who were exposed to the CSR ad prior to reading the crisis news tended to be less influenced by the news than those who were not exposed to the ad in terms of their perceptions of company image and both their attitudes and behavioural intentions toward the company. CSR advertising was equally effective at reducing the damage to company image and attitudes toward the company in both different news frame conditions and using both different ad-message type conditions. The results imply that if people perceive CSR-based images of a company through CSR advertising successfully, they tend to maintain these perceptions of the company even after they process any negative information about the company, and this is still true even if their evaluations of the responsibility for a crisis were not influenced by CSR advertising. As part of the research process, this study found that positive attitudes towards the CSR ad significantly and directly influenced both the company image and attitudes toward the company. However, when people processed the crisis news after viewing the CSR ad the direct impact of attitudes toward the ad on attitudes toward the company disappeared. This indicates that the 'affect-transfer' from attitudes toward the ad to attitudes toward the company occurred under advertisement-only conditions. When negative publicity was processed, the crisis information may act as a latent inhibitor of the affect-transfer effect and the company image variable became a full mediator.
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Hock, Stefan Johannes Michae. "Negative Celebrity Endorsement Publicity and Stock Returns: The Importance of Proactive Firm Reactions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79619.

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Nowadays, about one fourth of all prime time commercials in the United States feature celebrity endorsers. Previous research has identified numerous benefits of this powerful marketing strategy. Unfortunately, celebrities have been increasingly involved in negative publicity in the recent past. Using event study methodology, I examine the influence of negative celebrity endorser publicity on immediate and subsequent stock returns, covering 59 events during a 25 year period from 1988 to 2012. My research shows that firms do not have to take losses for granted. By choosing proactive versus reactive/passive strategies, firms can successfully counteract the subsequent negative stock returns. Thus, it is not the negative event itself that drives the subsequent financial performance, but rather the immediate response of firms. Although immediate firm reactions increase the salience of the event and cause stock prices to drop initially, they also build up investors' trust and confidence again, ultimately leading to increased stock returns in the subsequent weeks. On the flipside, a reactive/passive strategy shows a lack of control and leadership, which can lead to substantial financial losses in the subsequent weeks. I show that this main effect is attenuated for subsidiary (vs. corporate) brands. Further, the appropriateness of the reaction (match between expected and actual firm reaction) is also crucial. Overall, this dissertation helps to advance the knowledge regarding the financial risk of negative celebrity endorser publicity and provides firms with advice to best manage the situation.
Ph. D.
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Saouma, Joulyana, and Dimed Chabo. "Celebrity Endorsement : Hidden factors to success." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-241.

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The use of celebrity endorsement strategy is nowadays more frequently used by marketers in order to increase their sales and thereby extend their market shares. Many celebrities are used in various marketing campaigns and in most cases; the use of celebrities as endorsers is seen from mainly positive aspects. This made the authors curious whether the negative aspects, that also exists when using celebrities as endorsers, affects consumers in their purchasing decisions when a celebrity gets associated with negative publicity. Another cause of interest is which factors of a certain celebrity are most important and crucial in consumers’ perceptions, in the case of negative publicity.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to study which factors consumers find important for a company to consider when a celebrity gets negative publicity, to maintain successful brand recognition.

Literature review: The use of previous studies within the field of celebrity endorsement clarifies many important aspects when it comes to celebrity endorsement and this chapter is elaborated from 4 different perspectives; Company, Celebrity, Brand and Consumer. Based on previous studies, the authors identified 6 crucial attributes when using celebrities as endorsers and this can also be seen as a pre-study that the research process has been based upon. Furthermore, the 6 attributes are chosen from the three first mentioned perspectives in order to be able to fulfil the purpose. Hence, this thesis is conducted from a consumer’s point of view.

Method: A quantitative method is used in this thesis since the authors want to base the results on collected data that is expressed in numbers and also to generate a general apprehension in this phenomenon. Moreover, the combinations containing the 6 attributes are used in the conjoint experiment.

Conclusions: It was proven in this study that consumers do get affected by celebrities as endorser, when the attributes from the literature review are in a combination. But, the consumers’ perception of the attributes differs in different cases. However, the main finding was that there are two crucial attributes, trustworthiness and expertise that companies should take into account when using celebrities in their advertising campaign.

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Chen, Yi-Hui, and 陳逸慧. "The Influence of Brand Anthropomorphization in Negative Publicity." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37473129486720790700.

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碩士
國立中興大學
行銷學系所
103
Most of prior literatures indicated that the using of anthropomorphization creates more favorable consumer reactions and thus enhances brand performance; however, a research yet noticed that priming anthropomorphization would put brands at risk. Hence, the present research follows the research of Puzakova, Kwak, and Rocereto (2013b) to examine the negative repercussion. The objective of this research is to gain insight into the influence of brand anthropomorphization in negative publicity through manipulating the type of negative publicity and the attribution of crisis responsibility. This research conducts two experiments. Study 1 investigates a fictitious brand of a smart phone and Study 2 investigates an existing brand of a household cleaning product. Results of two studies suggest that: (1) When negative publicity happened, an anthropomorphized brand generated more negative brand attitude change; (2) Brand trust played a mediating role between brand anthropomorphization and brand attitude; (3) Performance-related negative publicity resulted in more negative brand attitude change toward an anthropomorphized brand; however, when values-related negative publicity happened, there were no significant differences in brand attitude change toward either an anthropomorphized or a nonanthropomorphized brand ; (4) When a brand was in a victim attribution, there were no significant difference between negative publicity type and brand anthropomorphization; however, when a brand was in an intentional attribution, there were an interaction between negative publicity type and brand anthropomorphization: performance-related negative publicity resulted in more negative brand attitude change toward an anthropomorphized brand ; values-related negative publicity resulted in more negative brand attitude change toward a nonanthropomoiphized brand. The current research has some contribution to the brand management literature. Although Puzakova et al. (2013b) indicated that the negative consequences of brand anthropomorphization, the present research points out two moderators to show that the negative consequences would not exist in certain circumstances. This research explain the influence of negative publicity on brand anthropomorphization by means of clarifying negative publicity more precisely. Furthermore, this research enhances the understanding of consumers’ processing of negative publicity: brand trust is the psychological mechanism between brand anthropomorphization and brand attitude. These findings share both theoretical and managerial implications.
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17

Du, Linhua, and 杜玲華. "The Impact Of Negative Publicity On Applicant Job Search Intention." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75323710633893237198.

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碩士
東海大學
企業管理學系碩士班
100
Negative information and publicity about enterprises are constantly discussed in public nowadays. How job seekers are affected by such information and make a choice wisely is worth to understand. In the past research, most researchers focus on the impacts of positive and negative information on organizational attractiveness, but it didn’t consider the potential effect of publicity. The purpose of the present study focuses on negative information and publicity and also includes three moderators (i.e., media richness, corporate image, and pay) to know the effects on organizational attractiveness and intention to apply. The results show that negative information and publicity did not enhance the negative impact of organizational attractiveness and intention to apply. The interaction effect of negative publicity on media richness enhanced the impact of organizational attractiveness and intention to apply. For this reason, corporations should face the negative event and publicity and take quick and full reactions to reduce the potential effects promptly.
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18

Cheng-HanChang and 張正翰. "The Impact of Product Assurance on Corporate Credibility under Negative Publicity." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02785984944644960477.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立成功大學
企業管理學系
102
Corporate credibility signifies a firm’s brand and product image, playing an important role in affecting customer attitudes toward the firm. Product quality guarantee is one of the approaches that firm can use to deliver credibility and product quality information to consumers. When receiving a product quality guarantee, consumers may react positively or negatively in line with their previous experience and product knowledge. In general, negative information often decreases the perceived corporate credibility of a firm for consumers. The main purpose of this research is to investigative whether such negative perceived images could be reduced by a quality guarantee argument. The results of this study found the following implications: (1) The more quality guarantee argument consumers perceive from a firm, the larger the decrement of corporate credibility they will perceive about the firm when facing negative product information. (2) Consumers’ involvement in product quality guarantees can moderate the lowering of corporate credibility caused by negative publicity. That is, the stronger a consumer cares about product quality guarantee, the smaller the reduction of their perceived credibility towards the firm under negative publicity. Overall, although product quality guarantees can enhance product value and information usefulness, a stronger provision of quality guarantees may not be as useful as expected because it may induce more damage to a firm’s credibility than that of a lesser guarantee in the face of negative events. In addition, product quality guarantees are more useful to consumers who are more concerned about the quality, even under negative situations
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19

Wang, Miao-Chen, and 王妙真. "The Effects of Negative Publicity on Consumer’s Evaluation toward Service Brand Extension." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94833863699982489851.

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碩士
銘傳大學
觀光事業學系碩士在職專班
99
Although businesses try to avoid any potential harm on their reputation, the prevalence of corporate’s negative publicity still cause substantial reputation damage and financial loss. In past decades, major efforts were directed toward the understanding of customer’s responses to negative publicity and business’s reactions, but several important research avenues remained unexplored. One of them is the potential spillover effect of negative publicity. In recent years, brand extension has become an important business strategy for pursing company growth, and this lead to an interesting but understudied question: Will the professional relevance of corporate negative publicity (ProRel) lead to negative brand extension evaluation? Based on literature in brand extension and negative publicity, the current research argues that the ProRel will lead to lower brand extension evaluation. The primary psychological mechanism behind the ProRel-Evaluation relationship is customer’s perceived betrayal. Moreover, the author also proposes that customer relationship quality and brand extension distance moderate those abovementioned relationships. Three laboratory-based experiments tested proposed hypotheses. Experiment 1 examined the relationship between ProRel, perceived betrayal, and extension evaluation. The findings suggest that ProRel caused a negative effect on extension evaluation and perceived betrayal is an important mediator. Experiment 2 demonstrates the moderating role of customer relationship quality. The author argues that high relationship quality will magnify the negative effect of ProRel on customer’s perceived betrayal (a “love becomes hate” effect). Evidences from Experiment 2 support the hypothesis. For high-quality customers, ProRel caused stronger effects on perceived betrayal. Experiment 3 examined the other moderator: brand extension distance. Empirical findings from Experiment 3 indicate that extension distance mitigate the negative relationship between perceived betrayal and extension evaluation. The current research also provides theoretical and managerial contributions, and potential future research directions.
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20

Ci-Ping, Lin, and 林慈坪. "Examining negative publicity of celebrity endorsements on purchase intention and repurchase intention." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d99crm.

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Abstract:
碩士
嶺東科技大學
企業管理系碩士班
105
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between negative publicity and purchase intention and repurchase intention, using endorser’s credibility as the mediator. We used a 4x2 between subject factorial design with four levels of negative publicity ( concubine, drug taking, domestic violence, divorce) and two kinds of replace endorser’s credibility (no replace, replace). We expect to collect 30 questionnaires in every group. The empirical results show that the firm replace celebrity endorsements who has concubine and domestic violence, the purchase intention and repurchase intention doesn’t increase. On the contrary, the firm replace celebrity endorsements who take drug, the purchase intention and repurchase intention increase. The firm replaces celebrity endorsements who divorce the purchase intention and repurchase intention, doesn’t have significant change. This study provides important implications for the firm’s celebrity endorsements strategies and policies.
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21

YU, KUO-WEI, and 余國瑋. "Idolized Brand:“An Excuse”Is The Best Choice in Response to Negative Publicity?." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52801407743468525377.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立臺北大學
企業管理學系
93
The study proposes a concept of “Idolized Brand” and investigates of that effect of different response strategies for negative publicity associated with brand personality and brand relationship quality upon idolized brand. Using a quasi-experiment design, the survey data is collected from 173 senior high school students for 6 adolescent pop idolized starts as experiment unit, such as Jay, S.H.E, and Cyndi. The results reveal: (1) “Sincere & Cute” can use denial response that mitigate to loss of love/passion and intimacy. (2) “Creation & Charming” can offer an excuse response that mitigate to loss of love/passion and intimacy. (3) “Young & Spirited” can use ambiguous response that mitigate to loss of love/passion and intimacy. Moreover, love/passion is identified as mediation variables that the not same effect of intimacy commitment, interdependent, self-connection, and partner quality is likely to be mediated among brand personality, brand relationship quality, and response to negative publicity. Finally, suggestions that firm lead to create brand personality of both “sincere” and “brilliance”. And when idolized brand face negative publicity, it is not necessary that prefer to offer an excuse or accept responsibility. Maybe denial response is better choice in response to negative publicity.
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22

Tseng, Ching-An, and 曾慶安. "The spill-over effect of professional baseball player’s negative publicity on different stakeholders." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06876382162443804383.

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碩士
中興大學
行銷學系所
99
This research examines the negative spill-over effects caused by allied brand’s negative publicity. Focuses on how the negative spill-over effects influence the brand equity of team parent company’s brand, endorsed brand, alike team player and respective team. And we also discuss the negative spill-over effects on different kinds of fans/ spectators, performance/ value publicity, non-serious/ serious publicity and high/ low involvement. In this research we use personal interview respondants and internet respondants to collect data. And use the SPSS 17.0 and AMOS 18.0 to analyze pair-t test, Cohen’s d, SEM and regression. Results indicate that the brand negative publicity produce negative spill-over effects will influence the brand equity of team parent company’s brand, endorse brand, alike team player and respective team. As for the fans in social network, the serious degree of negative publicity will cause the lower brand equity of endorsed brand.
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23

Lucy and 姚汝宜. "CSR Moderates the Impact of Perceived Justice on Brand Recovery after Negative Publicity." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60363412589090651814.

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Abstract:
碩士
逢甲大學
國際經營管理碩士學位學程
104
The issue of food safety has been a major problem since 2011.Corporate scandals concerning unsafe foods have stirred fear, throughout society as a result of news and media attention.Scholars have called for corporates to take more social responsibilityfor sustainable development.The purposes of this study is to determine how: 1) negative publicity can be rectified and corporate brand image/trust can be restored in light of perceptions of a corporation’s response and the recovery process (perceived justice); and 2) CSR efforts can be leveraged when negative publicity has occurred, in order for it to act as a moderator that impacts perceived justice and brand image/trust recovery. A convenience-based sample of undergraduate students was invited to take part in this study, and SmartPLS 3 was used. Based on the results of this study, it is clear that four-dimensional perceived justice and corporate social responsibility actions have positive effects on consumers’ perceived brand image/trust recovery. In addition, corporate social responsibility actions moderate the positive impact of distributive justice and, informational justice on consumers’ perceived brand image recovery during the post-recovery period following negative publicity incidents. Furthermore, brand image recovery positively affects brand trust recovery. Therefore, firms have to respond positively and politely, and in a timely and fair manner in order to handle the situation effectively. At the same time, corporate social responsibility actions can create a halo effect in protecting corporate brand image and brand trust in the post-recovery period. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Distributive Justice, Interpersonal Justice, Informational Justice, Procedural Justice, Brand Image Recovery, Brand Trust Recovery
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24

Tsai, Yu-Ken, and 蔡語耕. "Effects of different repair strategies on customer trust and retention after celebrity’s negative publicity." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61745019840456300662.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立中興大學
行銷學系所
100
The use of celebrity endorsers has become one of the most prevalent marketing tools in advertising. The current popularity of celebrity endorsements can be attributed to the numerous benefits companies have seen by utilizing this form of advertisement. For instance, celebrity endorsers have the ability to catch audiences’ attention easily and result in a better memorability for the ads. While these benefits are appealing to all companies, it is not without risks. The potential risks of celebrity endorsement like negative publicity on celebrities could not only destroy the image of the celebrities, but also the endorsed brand. The research of positive information about a celebrity endorser has been widely explored, current literature abounds in studies that examine such celebrity-endorser characteristics as match up, congruency and effectiveness. Whereas little research has been devoted to the negative information of a celebrity endorser. This research investigates whether different repair strategies conducted by celebrity endorsers after negative publicity would rebuild customers’ (company, fans and consumer) trust on the celebrity and gain customer retention. A scenario-based experiment was used to test the conceptual model. Author attempts to give a comprehensive practical implications, hence, company, fans and consumer are the three study objects in this research. The results of the first study (company) indicate that although celebrity endorser can successfully rebuild the trust on company after negative publicity, trust had no significant effect on retention. In the second study (fans), the results show that integrity is found to be the key factor determining whether fans will forgive him/her. The results of the third study (consumer) reveal that as long as consumer recognized that the negative publicity won’t affect celebrities’ competence, no matter what kind of repair strategy was conducted by the celebrity endorser, then trust will have significant effects on customer retention.
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25

Ping-ChihChen and 陳炳志. "The effect of positive publicity on negative image – An example of Chinese Professional Baseball League." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w8cu3z.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立成功大學
企業管理學系
102
The objective of this study is to investigate whether positive reports can increase consumers’ positive attitude toward CPBL. SPSS 20 was used to perform factor analysis, paired-t test, student-t test, and regression analysis in order to analyze the collected data. The results show that positive information significantly strengthened consumers' attitude toward CPBL. Consumer ethics was found to have no moderating effect. In addition, whether or not a respondent was a fan had some moderating effect on trust and patronage intentions but not on future prospect. According to the results, there are some principal conclusions and implications to consider: 1. Positive information significantly increases consumers' attitude toward CPBL, especially non-fans. This conclusion directly leads to two implications. First, positive reports can restore the image of enterprises if they respond with a sincere attitude and offer specific solutions. Second, enterprises should target consumers who are not familiar with their companies or products, and then spread their positive image through those consumers. 2. Non-fans/fans has partial moderating effect which means CPBL should adopt different strategies to handle with these two different groups.
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26

Su, Yu-Hui, and 蘇宇暉. "The Effects of Online Negative Word of Mouth and Positive Corporate Publicity on Consumers' Attitudes Change." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99508201881527212221.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
企業管理系
93
For years, corporations used to hold press conferences to clarify themselves against negative word-of-mouth (WOM) spread in cyber-world which definitely damage corporations’ reputation. They expect to counterbalance the side-effects of on-line negative WOM thru media publicity. However, it is hard to evaluate if this strategy effective or not. The reason that marketers suffer these uncertainty is because that marketers have no idea about how and why consumers change their attitudes and make their judgment while facing conflicting messages of negative WOM and corporations’ positive news releases. To resolve this issue, this thesis conducts 2 focus groups interview to collect data. This thesis classifies 17 judgments into eight categories, and conducts seven related hypothesis. Suggestions about how corporations deal with online negative WOM are also provided.
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27

Wu, Ang-Hua, and 吳昂樺. "Negative Publicity, Corporate Image, Brand Trust, Brand Identification and Repurchase Intention - A Case Study of Wei Chuan." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57a87n.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
財富與稅務管理系
103
In recent years, Taiwan's food safety problems continue to occur, not only seriously affect the people for food scare, but also lead to damage to the corporate image, this study focuses on the negative coverage, the corporate image of corporate social responsibility and corporate ability to brand trust, brand identification and repurchase the relationship between the wishes. This study used questionnaires to collect the required data empirical analysis, a total of 400 questionnaires were issued, after finishing the recovery and remove invalid questionnaires, totally collecting of 382 valid questionnaires, the effective response rate was 95.5%, and then to perform data SPSS software package research and analysis. The results showed that the negative impact of the negative reports are brand trust, brand Identification, that is, when an enterprise negative publicity will reduce consumer trust and brand Identification; corporate social responsibility can positive influence brand trust, brand Identification, namely to improve corporate social responsibility help to enhance consumer trust and brand identification; the company's ability to influence both positive brand trust, brand identification, that helps improve company's ability to enhance consumer trust and brand identification; brand trust and recognition are positive impact again repurchase intention, namely to increase brand identification and consumer confidence will help boost purchase intention.
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28

Guang-HungLin and 林冠宏. "The Effect of Positive Publicity and Price Promotion on Negative Image-Using WeiChuan & Uni as an example." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8xnw2j.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立成功大學
企業管理學系
104
SUMMARY In recent years, food scandals have occurred frequently in Taiwan. There have been many companies, including Wei Chuan and Uni, involved in scandals. Angry people have stopped purchasing products involved in tainted flood scandal, especially Wei Chuan. This purchase resistance made Wei Chuan's revenue decline substantially at first, but the sales recovered gradually after Wei Chuan using price promotions and positive publicity to affect consumer purchase intentions. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze what factors will affect the willingness to purchase from a company involved in negative publicity as moderated by the effect of involvement and consumer ethics. Wei Chuan and Uni were chosen as the study objects. The results showed that price promotion and positive publicity can positively affect the purchase intention of consumers, but there is no moderating effect of involvement and consumer ethics between positive publicity and purchase intention.
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29

Toco, Joana Rita Alves. "The negative publicity effects on purchase intentions and attitude towards the brand triggered by a brand’s advertisement." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/29068.

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Although there is a large body of research on negative publicity and brand equity, little is the literature review that creates a link between them. Some research already proved the mitigation of particular components of brand equity such as brand awareness and brand commitment on the negative publicity effect, but the impact of brand equity as a whole is still unknown. To address this gap, this research brings together the literature on negative publicity and consumer-based brand equity's conceptualization and measurement. In particular, this dissertation aims to explain how consumers process negative publicity triggered by a brand’s advertisement and if brand equity moderates the negative publicity effects. The brand equity definition embraced in the study was the one defined by Aaker (1991). More specifically, the Yoo and Donthu (2001) measurement was adopted. Three pre-tests and a survey were conducted to test the hypotheses. This study showed that negative publicity triggered by a brand’s advertisement always harms purchase intentions and attitude towards the brand if that brand has a high level of awareness, regardless of the level of brand equity or the involvement with the product-class. Contrarily to what was suggested by literature, brand equity was not found to be a significant moderator of negative publicity triggered by a brand’s advertisement. Nevertheless, it was proven that involvement with the product-class is a moderator of the negative publicity effects on purchase intentions, i.e. when a brand has a high level of awareness, negative publicity triggered by a brand’s advertisement will decrease purchase intentions further if the consumer has a high involvement level with the product-class (rather than a low one), irrespective of the level of brand equity.
Embora exista uma grande quantidade de literatura sobre publicidade negativa e brand equity, pouco é a literatura que cria um vínculo entre elas. Alguns estudos já comprovaram a mitigação de certas componentes de brand equity, como o reconhecimento da marca e o comprometimento da marca, no efeito da publicidade negativa. Contudo, o impacto de brand equity na totalidade ainda é desconhecido. Para resolver esta lacuna, esta tese, reúne a literatura sobre a publicidade negativa bem como a conceptualização e a medição de brand equity. Em particular, esta dissertação pretende explicar como os consumidores processam publicidade negativa desencadeada por um anúncio de uma marca, e se de facto, brand equity modera os seus efeitos. A definição de brand equity escolhida para a análise foi a definida por Aaker (1991). Em particular, foi adotada a medida de Yoo and Donthu (2001). Três pré-testes e uma experiência foram realizados para testar as várias hipóteses. Este estudo mostrou que a publicidade negativa prejudica sempre as intenções de compra, e a atitude do consumidor em relação à marca, se essa marca já tiver um alto nível de reconhecimento, independentemente do nível de brand equity ou do envolvimento com a classe de produto. Ao contrário do que foi sugerido pela literatura, não foi possível provar que a brand equity seja um moderador significativo da publicidade negativa desencadeada por um anúncio de uma marca. No entanto, ficou provado que o envolvimento com a classe de produtos é um moderador desses efeitos nas intenções de compra, ou seja, quando uma marca tem um alto nível de consciencialização, a publicidade negativa desencadeada por um anúncio publicitário diminuirá mais as intenções de compra se o consumidor tiver um alto nível de envolvimento com a classe de produto do que um baixo nível de envolvimento, independentemente do nível de brand equity.
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30

Teng, Sheng-Yu, and 鄧盛宇. "The Effects of Source Credibility, Consumers’ Brand Commitment, and Corporate Response Strategies on Brand Attitude under Negative Publicity." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85519249063066497403.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立臺灣大學
商學研究所
91
In the IT era, negative publicities are widely prevalent in the marketplace; such information can be devastating and result in major losses of revenue and market share for corporations. Since negative publicities will damage brand images and destroy company reputations in the long-run, negative publicities and how companies handle them are among the most important factors influencing consumers’ buying decisions. In this research, we lay the foundation for a theoretical framework of brand attitude under negative publicity by focusing on source credibility, consumers’’ brand commitments, and corporate response strategies toward negative publicities. We measured source credibility and brand commitment toward a leading brand in the target product category; further, we proposed and tested two types of response strategies to counter negative publicity depending on the level of consumers’ brand commitments. At last, the implications and future orientations of this research were discussed.  A 2×2×2 between subject factorial experimental design was used in this research. Based on our results, conclusions are as follow:  1.Brand commitment effect exists. That is, the level of consumer’s brand commitment affects consumer’s brand attitude significantly. After encountering negative publicity, high-commitment consumers show better brand attitudes and less attitude changes.  2.Source credibility has effects on consumer’s agreement on publicity. After encountering high-credible negative publicity, both high-commitment and low-commitment consumers face the same degree of difficulty to resist the negative publicity; thus, they have more tendencies to agreement with the negative publicity.  3.Source credibility has significant effect on agreement with publicity, but it does not have significant effect on brand attitude. On the other hand, brand commitment has significant effect on brand attitude, but it does not have significant effect on agreement with publicity.  4.Companies can reduce the impacts of negative publicities by adopting different response strategies. Since there is no relationship between source credibility and consumer’s brand attitude, companies should focus on brand commitment.  Based on the conclusions, this research provided the following marketing implications:  1.Build up brand images to increase consumers’ commitments are beneficial to companies. Hence, companies should use marketing research to understand consumers’ characteristics and needs, develop product or service that can express self image, and use appropriate promoting or advertising strategies to build up brand commitment.  2.Occasional negative publicities, compared with continuous ones, do not significantly influence consumers’ brand attitudes. Therefore, companies should emphasis on product quality control and customer relationship management to reduce customers’ complains and to avoid serious damages.  3.Companies must change their traditional single way in responding negative publicity. For high-commitment consumers, response strategy by reducing the difference with competitors should be adopted. For low-commitment consumers, counter-argumentation response strategy is more persuasive.
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31

Hung, Yu Sui, and 洪毓穗. "The Impacts of Brand Commitment, Consumers’ Ownership and Company’s Response Strategies on Brand Attitude Under Negative Publicity Information." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57970803987144180437.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立臺灣大學
商學研究所
89
Incidents of negative publicity are widely prevalent in the marketplace; such information can be devastating, resulting in major losses of revenue and market share. Therefore, negative publicity and how the company handles it are among the most important factors influencing consumers’ buying decisions. In the current research, we lay the foundation for a theoretical framework of brand attitude under negative publicity by focusing on consumers’ brand commitment, ownership state and a company’s response strategies about the company’s products. We measure brand commitment and ownership state for a leading brand in the target product category, we then propose and test two types of response strategies to counter negative publicity, depending on the level of commitment of the consumers. At last, we discuss the implications and future orientations of our research. Depending the results of our research, we got following conclusion: 1. Brand commitment effect and ownership effect exit. That is, the level of consumers’ brand commitment and the ownership state affect consumers’ brand attitude and buying intention significantly. When exposed to negative publicity, high-commitment consumers exhibit less attitude change, less attitude ambivalence, and greater buying intention than low-commitment consumers. Besides, the owners exhibit less attitude change and attitude ambivalence, and greater buying intention than the non-owners in response to negative publicity. 2. Brand commitment effect is greater than ownership effect. That is, no matter the consumers possess the products or not, the high-commitment consumers exhibit preferable attitude than the low-commitment ones in response to negative publicity. 3. The level of brand commitment and ownership state significantly affect consumers’ response announcements. The high-commitment consumers exhibit greater resistance to negative publicity and greater support to company’s response announcements than the low-commitment ones. The owners, however, exhibit greater support to either negative publicity or company’s response announcements than the non-owners. 4. When exposed to negative publicity, a company can try to turn the consumers’ negative evaluation of brand for the better and dilute the harm caused by the negative publicity with various response announcements. To the high-commitment consumers, it would be better for the company to adopt the response strategy of reducing the difference with competitors. To the low-commitment consumers, however, the counter-argumentation response strategy is more persuasive. Therefore, the company should understand the harm of negative publicity to brand is worse than the help of positive publicity to brand, especially with regard to the low-commitment consumers. For this reason, the company should devote its effort to lift consumers’ brand commitment, that would be helpful to decrease the thrust on consumers’ attitude in response to negative publicity. Besides, because the owners possess more preferable brand attitude than the non-owners, it would be helpful for the company to resist the thrust coming from negative publicity by promoting the potential customers to existing customers. As to the responses of negative publicity, the company should consider the level of consumers’ brand commitment. To the high-commitment consumers, when they are exposed to negative publicity, they would exhibit greater resistance to it because of the greater attitude strength, under the circumstance, it would be less effective if the company counter-argue the negative publicity, hence the response strategy of reducing the difference with competitors would be more persuasive. Conversely, to the low-commitment consumers, then they are exposed to negative publicity, they would evaluate it more objectively than high-commitment consumers, in this situation, the counter-argumentation response strategy would be more persuasive than the strategy of reducing the difference with competitors.
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32

TSENG, YU-TING, and 曾于庭. "Fans Perceive the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility and Behavioral Intentions: the Role of Image, Identity and Negative Publicity." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/st7zp5.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立臺北大學
企業管理學系
107
Breitbarth and Harris (2008) pointed out that due to the commercialization of the sports industry, professional sports and the general industry are equal, and there is no difference in management from each other. According to statistics, the growth rate of Taiwan's professional sports industry has maintained a growth rate of more than 2% between 101 and 105 years (Sports Department Sports Department, 2014), which also means that the professional sports industry has become a mature business model. However, compared with the general industry, sports are socially and economically unique organizations, so they can be explored through both corporate social responsibility and business principles (Bradish and Cronin 2009). As CPBL entered its 30th year, it also experienced many negative publicity in the middle, and the average number of visitors has not been able to break through, which is quite unfavorable for the domestic baseball environment. This study uses team image and team identity as mediator variables to explore whether corporate social responsibility perception is effective in measuring consumer behavioral intentions. Negative publicity is used as a moderator to understand whether consumers will strengthen or weaken the perception of the image, the identity of the team and the behavior intention because of the different information. The study found that there are differences in corporate social responsibility perception, team image, team identity, and behavioral intentions in each demographic variable. Among them, corporate social responsibility perception differs in age, income, times of weekly views, education level, the time of becoming a fan, and occupation. The team image is only different in gender, age and occupation. Secondly, team identification is different in the times of times of weekly views, the time of becoming a fan and the occupation. Finally, in the part of the behavioral intention, there is only different in gender and age. The research results show that corporate social responsibility perception, team image and team identity have positive effects on consumer behavior intentions, and team image and identity have partial mediation effects. Negative publicity has no moderate effect on the process of corporate social responsibility perception explaining team image, team identity and behavior intention. Therefore, it is suggested that the professional baseball teams should be careful to the dissemination and response of negative publicity in the future and should promote the corporate social responsibility as a marketing strategy to enhance the image and identity of the team for the ultimate goal of improving consumer behavior.
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33

Lin, I. Hsuan, and 林羿萱. "What Saves the Day? A Cross-Time Comparison of Severity and CSR on Brand Image Recovery After Negative Publicity." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81216055548825478359.

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Abstract:
碩士
逢甲大學
國際經營管理碩士學位學程
104
Many companies suffer from negative publicity due to the widespread influence of the media. A single negative press release could, literally overnight, waste generations of effort spent establishing and strengthening a brand’s image. As a counter-measure, companies have been implementing Corporate Social Responsibly (CSR) policies in hopes of preventing, repairing, or minimizing the damage done to their brand image. Strategically, considering the potential for CSR to help companies build a competitive advantage and the almost instantaneous effects of modern social media, CSR theory ranks high as an invaluable topic for contemporary investigation. This research examines the effectiveness of CSR’s function to minimize and repair the damage of negative publicity towards company’s brand image within two periods of time.   This research involved 225 respondents and employed ANOVA and T-test in measuring the significance difference between Time0 (the time when the negative publicity incident occurred) and Time1 (a year after). The results show that brand image is higher in Time1 than in Time0 whether adding CSR or not. However, the study also demonstrates that, in some cases, CSR can still positively redeem negative publicity from Time0 compared to Time1. Moreover, since CSR can be shown to serve as a corporate image ‘safety net’, it can be recommended that companies invest in one or more domains of CSR, such as employee training or social participation. The results of this study may contribute to bridging a significant research gap that exists in CSR theory by examining the relationship between negative publicity, CSR, and timing. Companies can utilize this study as a reference for determining the best CSR strategic analysis approach when implementing strategies to restore company brand image with the greatest efficiency.
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34

Hassler, David Maximilian. "Are celebrities mediators for negative spillover? An empirical study." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/15955.

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The aim of this research is to investigate if a celebrity can be a mediator between two brands so that a negative event happening to one brand can spill over to a completely unrelated brand, which shares with the first brand only the celebrity endorser. Even though celebrity endorsement is a popular marketing strategy and celebrities often endorse multiple brands, so far there has not been any systematic study on this topic. Drawing on Associative Network Theory and the Meaning Transfer Model as theoretical framework, this research finds out that negative publicity about a brand can spill over and thereby not only hurt consumers’ attitude toward the celebrity endorser but also toward a second brand that is endorsed by the same celebrity. An unexpected finding is that celebrities can act as a protective shield for brands by weakening the direct impact of negative publicity.
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35

Lee, Wan-Yu, and 李婉瑜. "The Effect of Corporate Ability and Corporate Social Responsibility on Customer after Negative Publicity: The Case of TOYOTA Regarding Gas Pedal." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96562540992990988087.

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碩士
國立交通大學
經營管理研究所
98
The present study examines the effects of two general types of corporate associations on customers’ attitudes and behaviors: One is corporate ability (CA), and the other is corporate social responsibility (SCR). Take negative publicity on Toyota regarding its gas pedal as research background, and investigate personnel in three state-owned enterprises, totally collecting 477 valid questionnaires, and then use SEM to test the hypotheses. The results of this study demonstrate that both CA and CSR have effects on customer trust and customer identification; CSR can negatively moderate the relationship between perceived negative publicity and customer trust, also customer identification; however, CA as the moderator in this study doesn’t reveal significance; customer trust and customer identification have effects on purchase intention. Based on the results of this study, marketing managers and crisis managers can use CA and CSR as important communicating instrument, because customers still trust and identify the company which suffered negative publicity.
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36

Gonzalez, Marcos R. "From Negative Rights to Positive Law: Natural Law in Hegel's Outlines of the Philosophy of Right." 2013. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/142.

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In this paper I attempt to address an interpretive difficulty that surrounds Hegel's position in the history of jurisprudence. After a brief overview of Hegel's project, I outline the first two sections of the Outlines of the Philosophy of Right in order to support my argument that Hegel advocates a natural law theory of legal validity. I then show that confusions regarding Hegel's place in the history of jurisprudence arise from his view that the ethical evaluation of laws is limited (with some exceptions) to procedural laws that govern the enactment and recognition of laws in the administration of justice. I end by providing Hegel's distinctive argument for legal publicity, which he takes to be essential for the enactment and recognition of valid law.
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