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Journal articles on the topic 'Negative adjective'
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1
Ratkus, Artūras. "Morphologically Complex Adjectives with a Negative Prefix: Translation Problems." Vertimo studijos, no. 13 (December 28, 2020): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vertstud.2020.4.
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The article addresses problems of understanding and translation of morphologically complex words. It is not unusual for English adjectives with a negative prefix to have unexpected meanings that cannot be predicted based on examining the adjectives’ morphological structure. One such complex example is the adjective incapable. It is argued that this adjective has a peculiar set of meanings and uses that are independent of the positive form capable and unrelated to the adjective able. The article adduces evidence of specific uses of incapable, in which it showcases the meaning of ‘unfit for, unsuitable’ – not documented in most dictionaries.
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Kishimoto, Hideki. "On the grammaticalization of Japanese verbal negative marker." Journal of Japanese Linguistics 34, no. 1 (2018): 65–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jjl-2018-0005.
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Abstract In Japanese, the verbal negative marker nai appears in both negated verbs (as a sentential negator) and compound negative adjectives (as an affix). Negative nai used as a sentential negator is a syntactically independent word devoid of adjectival properties despite its adjectival inflection, whereas negative nai appearing in negative adjectives is a derivational affix. On the basis of idiomatic expressions, the present article argues that the lexical word nai ‘null, empty’ has developed into the affix nai while retaining its lexical properties via morphologization. On the other hand, the functional negator nai is argued to have emerged from the same lexical word nai via decategorialization, which induces a shift from a lexical to a functional category. The analysis taking the two uses of nai to trace back to the common source of the lexical negative adjective word nai provides a natural account for why nai has these two totally different uses.
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Nemanick, Richard C., and David C. Munz. "Measuring the Poles of Negative and Positive Mood Using the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule and Activation Deactivation Adjective Check List." Psychological Reports 74, no. 1 (1994): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.74.1.195.
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The Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) has become one of the most widely used measures of mood. It was developed from research using responses to adjective checklists as empirical evidence for the two independent, bipolar factor model of mood. However, when scores on the PANAS were factor analyzed with those from another mood checklist, Thayer's Activation Deactivation Adjective Check List, the PANAS represented only half of the model proposed by Watson and Tellegen (1985) by not containing adjectives representing the lower poles of positive and negative affect.
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Sakamoto, Maki, and Akira Utsumi. "Adjective Metaphors Evoke Negative Meanings." PLoS ONE 9, no. 2 (2014): e89008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089008.
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Antonova, Marina B. "The Cognitive Aspect of English Polysemantic Adjectives." NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 19, no. 1 (2021): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2021-19-1-15-29.
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This paper presents an analysis of the deep language factors that predetermine polysemy of English adjectives denoting moral and mental qualities of human beings. In line with a well-established point of view in cognitive linguistics, this study treats the semantics of a word as a two-level phenomenon possessing the semantic (external) level and the conceptual (internal) level. Given polysemy belongs to the external level, this study aims to reveal the internal language factor allowing for umbrella adjectives to develop meanings of moral and mental qualities. This is the first research that has analyzed English adjectives from this perspective; it is proposed to unearth the deep language foundation of polysemy by modeling the conceptual foundation of polysemantic adjectives, which is undertaken via analysis of their etymological data. The choice of the adjectives encoding moral and mental qualities is substantiated by the following reasons: first, these words name the major human characteristics, whose recognition and verbalization can be traced back to the Pre-Old English period; second, they denote abstract qualities unperceivable by senses but estimated due to their indirect manifestation in individuals’ judgments, conduct and activity; third, since these adjectives convey evaluation of the quality, they reflect cultural axiological standards. The findings show that the semantics of the English adjectives in question is governed by a certain set of conceptual metaphors. The commonality of the adjectives’ conceptual basis seems to be the internal language factor that accounts for polysemy, i.e. an ability for an adjective to comprise meanings of mental and moral characteristics. In addition, the results demonstrate that the unearthed concepts form oppositions, namely, LIFE - DEATH, MOTION - STILLNESS, FRIEND - FOE. The opposed concepts are endowed with the positive or negative value that appears to determine the evaluative meaning of the adjectives. Besides, the research has shown that, while participating in the formation of adjectival semantics, the concepts can demonstrate ambiguous value, which enables a concept to underlie both the positive and negative evaluative meanings of an adjective; therefore, an adjective may comprise meanings of mental and moral characteristics that are opposite in their evaluation.
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Antonova, Marina. "The Container Image Schema as the Conceptual Basis of English Adjectives’ Semantics." Journal of Language and Education 6, no. 1 (2020): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/jle.2020.9751.
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This paper focuses on the cognitive foundation of the semantics of English adjectives that denote mental and moral characteristics of human beings. Research into these adjectives seems a challenging task because they denote abstract qualities that cannot be perceived through vision, hearing, or touch; and here a question arises: How are abstract qualities interpreted in English encoded through adjectives? To answer it, this study follows the idea of two-level semantics, i.e. word semantics is treated as a two-level phenomenon that comprises the semantic (external) level and the conceptual (deep) one. This study is the first to address adjectival semantics from this perspective. Here a novel approach to revealing the cognitive foundation of adjectives is introduced: given that adjectives originated from old syncretic items and a word cognitive model forms at the moment of word creation, cognitive models underlying adjectives' semantics are unearthed via analysis of their etymological data. Our contribution is two-fold. First, the approach has revealed that the image schema CONTAINER guides semantics of an array of various adjectives independent of their morphemic structure or date of origin. The examples demonstrate that abstract human qualities are interpreted via the following container features: boundary, container substance, size, hardness/softness of a container shell, etc. The semantics of affixed or compound adjectives appear to stem from the integration of concepts represented by an affix and a root or two roots, respectively. Second, the findings show that the value given to every container feature appears to predetermine the evaluation conveyed by an adjective. Container features tend to possess ambivalent value, realizing the positive or negative one due to the interaction with a frame in which the CONTAINER is incorporated, therefore the same polysemantic adjective may develop both positive and negative meanings. To reveal the whole inventory of cognitive models that govern adjectival semantics in English, further research needs to be conducted.
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Dort-Slijper, Marjolein van, Gert Rijlaarsdam, and Eva Breedveld. "De Verwerving Van Morfologische Regels in Schrift (III)." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 61 (January 1, 1999): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.61.09dor.
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In order to provide textbook authors with empirical data on the acquisition in Dutch of written morphology in nouns, verbs and adjectives, several empirical studies have been undertaken. In this article, the third study reports on the performance of the morpheme -e in a special case of adjectives in Dutch: the adjectives derived from participles. The study tries to determine the possible interference between the morphological rules for verb inflection (past tense) and adjective declension in reading and writing. Five classes of adjectives were distinguished according to order of relative difficulty established a priori. Subjects (n=157, grade 6, 7 and 8 from two schools) individually completed a compre-hension and a production task in which factors were systematically varied. Also a recognition test on the spelling of the past tense of verbs was administered. The results showed an effect of categories of verbal adjectives in the production task, but only for groups 7 and 8; group 6 was not sensitive to the differences between the categories. In the recognition task, no effect of type of adjective (verbal or normal) was found for groups 7 and 8; but for group 6, performance on verbal adjectives was lower for the three most difficult categories of adjectives. In the production task, all three groups performed lower on verbal adjectives than normal adjectives in the two most difficult categories of adjectives. It turned out that groups which acquired spelling rules for the past tense of verbs to a higher level, made more errors in the spelling of verbal adjectives, especially in the two categories of adjectives which related the strongest to the spelling of verbs. It was concluded that indications were found that negative transfer or interference is present. Authors recommend changing the order of phases in which spelling rules are trained: from 'adjective declension-verb inflection (past tense)-verbal adjective declension' to 'adjective declension (including verbal adjective declension)-verb declension (past tense).
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Trufanova, Irina V. "Negative Russian Pronoun Что". RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 11, № 4 (2020): 625–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2020-11-4-625-658.
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For the first time in linguistics, the article distinguishes negative pronouns of a pronoun-noun and pronoun-adjective. Their lexical meanings, grammatical features and syntactic functions are determined. A negative pronoun is a noun that means nothing (in Russian both - ничто and ничего ), a negative Russian pronoun что meaning whatever, none. Both pronouns function as the principle sentence component, mainly in negative genitive sentences or as a predicate in a two-memberSubject-Predicate sentence. Subject of a pronoun-noun, which is expressed by the noun of any lexico-grammatical category or infinitive, with a negative pronoun-adjective, which is an infinitive. Both negative pronouns function in rhetorical questions expressing negation in the affirmative form. Subject combined with a pronoun-noun could be expressed by a noun of any lexico-grammatical category or infinitive, with a negative pronoun-adjective что , which could also be formed by an infinitive. Both negative pronouns function in rhetorical questions expressing negation in the affirmative form. The meanings of both negative pronouns are syntactically limited (by the function of the predicate or the principle component of the negative genitive sentence) and structurally determined (be found in the construction with the dative of the authorizer). The meaning of a negative pronoun-adjective is also phraseologically confined, a negative pronoun is an adjective that is always used with the Russian words like проку, толку, выгоды, пользы, прибыли, добра . Three meanings stand out for a negative pronoun ничто : 1) ontological vacuum, nonexistence, absence of an object; 2) something insignificant, insignificant, not worthy of attention; 3) denial of the significance of a person, insignificance. A negative pronoun что is a noun that means something insignificant, insignificant, not worthy of attention (or (as it were) the absence of something/someone (for the authorizer)), or absence (of benefit). A negative pronoun что is an adjective that has one of the meanings of a negative pronoun-adjective никакой meaning none of the available or possible. Despite the indeclinability, a negative pronoun что expresses the noun-meanings of the nominative and genitive cases, while being a negative pronoun-adjective to denote the genitive case, either masculine or feminine. The data collected is retrieved from the National Corps of the Russian Language (NCRL). As the main methodological technique, the substitution method was applied. The theoretical basis of the article was the work on homocomplexes, functional homonyms, poly-functional words, the differentiation of homonymy and polysemy. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that the results allow us expand the linguistic understanding of the semantic and grammatical nature of the pronoun as well as the issue of pronoun syncretism in general, the differentiation of homonymy and polysemy of the classes of pronouns, as well as the varieties of genitive sentences. The data collected can be useful for lexicographic practice: compiling dictionaries of homonyms, grammatical homonyms, explanatory dictionaries, as well as to clarify the typology of one-member sentences. The relevance of the topic is determined by the necessity to establish the full list of pronouns in the Russian language, as well as the importance of studying the phenomena of functional homonymy, transition and syncretism and the importance of solving the problem of distinguishing homonymy and polysemy.
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Kishimoto, Hideki, and Geert Booij. "Complex negative adjectives in Japanese: The relation between syntactic and morphological constructions." Word Structure 7, no. 1 (2014): 55–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2014.0056.
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Japanese has a fairly large set of complex adjectives formed by combining a noun with the adjective nai ‘null, empty’. The complex negative adjectives have the remarkable property that they allow nominative case marking to appear inside them optionally. We argue that these complex negative adjectives can be classified into three classes, and that the differences in their syntactic behaviour can be accounted for by positing three distinct morphosyntactic configurations (ranging from a fully phrasal structure to a complex word involving morphological compounding). Some, though not all, complex negative adjectives with case marking show a behaviour which suggests that they constitute single lexical units, while at the same time their components are susceptible to syntactic operations that normally do not apply to the internal structure of words. The data on the Japanese complex adjectives illustrate that adjectives formed via quasi-noun incorporation do not constitute words in a strict morphological sense, in that the entire complexes behave as lexical units, while their components remain visible syntactically.
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Grabski, Maciej. "The position of negative adjectives in Aelfric’s Catholic Homilies I ." Research in Language 13, no. 4 (2015): 392–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rela-2015-0029.
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In Old English, negative adjectives, i.e. incorporating the negative prefix -un, are said to generally come in postposition to nouns (e.g. Fischer, 2001; Sampson, 2010). This paper investigates to what extent this general rule is followed in Aelfric’s Catholic Homilies, the texts of this author being a typical choice for the study of Old English syntax (cf. Davis 2006; Reszkiewcz, 1966; Kohonen, 1978). The data have been obtained from the York-Toronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose (YCOE). The following research questions have been formulated: Do strong negative adjectives outnumber nonnegated adjectives in postposition? Do strong negative adjectives have a tendency to appear in postposition? Do strong negated adjectives occur in preposition? The results indicated that for the sample analyzed, strong adjectives in postposition are not predominantly negated. Additionally, the postposition of most of those which are may potentially be explained by other factors, such as modification by a prepositional phrase, co-occurrence with a weak preposed adjective (both mentioned by Fischer), or indirect Latin influence in a formulaic phrase. Also, the data does not appear to support the observation that negated adjectives tend to appear in post- rather than preposition.
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Untoro, Setyo. "PREFIKS NEGATIF DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS." Pujangga 2, no. 2 (2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47313/pujangga.v2i2.396.
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<p>This research is aimed at describing the form, meaning, and use of negative prefixes in English. The research uses<br />descriptive method. The results show that negative prefixes in English can be attached to adjectives, verbs, adverbs,<br />and nouns. An English base or stem may be attached by one or two negative prefixes with similar or different<br />meaning. The addition of a negative prefixe to its base or stem may change or may not change its word class.<br />Keywords: negative prefix, adjective, verb, adverb, noun.</p>
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Goodness, Devet. "The Nature and Direction of Meaning of -Kali in Kiswahili." Utafiti 13, no. 1 (2018): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-01301008.
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This paper examines the collocations of an adjective stem -kali to create several meanings, showing how -kali can be used to express a wide range of distinct concepts in different occasions of its utterance. It is noted that the few existing studies of Kiswahili adjectives (Ashton 1947, Myachina 1981, Kahigi 2008) which have focused mainly on semantics in determining their meanings, are therefore incomplete because they have overlooked many further meanings of these adjectives in use. Here it is argued that meanings of Kiswahili adjectives can best be exhausted if one takes pragmatics into consideration. This study demonstrates that –kali generates an infinite number of meanings; some of these connotations extend in the direction of negative pole of undesirable attributes and others towards a positive pole. The paper further demonstrates that although the meaning of the adjective stem -kali connoting ‘harsh’ or ‘rude’ can be adjusted pragmatically in context, the different meanings created when this qualifier co-occurs with different nouns derive interestingly from the same stem meaning: ‘harsh’ or’ rude’.
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Parish, Thomas S. "Modifying the Personal Attribute Inventory: An Alternative Way to Assess Self-Concepts." Perceptual and Motor Skills 67, no. 1 (1988): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.67.1.73.
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Since choosing 30 words that best describe a target from 50 positive and 50 negative words on the Personal Attribute Inventory may have been artificially restrictive, in the present study 58 college students chose as many adjectives as appropriate; the score was proportionally adjusted according to the number of adjectives checked. Subjects' positive and negative scores were significantly correlated with scores on the favorable subscale (.31) and the unfavorable subscale (.59), respectively, of the parent scale, the Gough (1952) Adjective Check List. Test-retest correlations on the revised version for positive (.65) and negative (.65) scores were significant. Lower test-retest correlations were obtained for the favorable subscale (.35) and the unfavorable subscale (.43) of Gough's check list. Implications are discussed.
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Carvalho, Cristiano, Gabriel Bernardi Dos Santos, and Paula Regina Mendes da Silva Serrão. "Effects of a dancing intervention on mood states in a woman with fibromyalgia: A case report." Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte 13, no. 3 (2020): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33155/j.ramd.2020.06.005.
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The objective of this study was to verify the effects of a dancing intervention on mood states in a woman with fibromyalgia. A case report in which an intervention protocol consisted of dance classes of 2 sessions per week for 6 weeks, totaling 12 sessions. The List of Mood States - Reduced and Illustrated version (LOMS-RI) was applied before and after each intervention session. The LOMS-RI contains 14 adjectives, and each is represented by a drawing of a face with its corresponding expression. Each of the adjectives presented a scale of four values. A descriptive analysis was performed. The proposed protocol promoted a positive influence in which there was an increase in the positive adjective set score after each session. In addition, there was a decrease in the negative adjective set score after all sessions, except the first session. So, the dance protocol can positively influence the mood states in woman with fibromyalgia.
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Alotaibi, Maye A., and Abdullah M. Alotaibi. "On the Acquisition of the Prenominal Adjective Order by Kuwaiti EFL Learners." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 8, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.1p.1.
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This study aims to test the extent to which 80 Kuwaiti EFL learners are aware of prenominal adjective ordering system in English, particularly how it affects Kuwaiti EFL learners’ grasp on English grammar. In addition, it checks whether the English proficiency level of the participants plays a role in their answers on the test. Therefore, a prenominal adjective ordering test was used to measure the participants’ ability to produce the correct order of prenominal adjectives in English. This research instrument was chosen on the basis of the researchers’ belief that this type of test leads to uncovering the causes beyond the correct/wrong answers provided by the participants on the test. Following data analysis, the results reveal that Kuwaiti EFL learners may not be fully aware of the prenominal adjective ordering system in English (total mean=48.75%). The t-test shows that the English proficiency level of the participants plays a crucial role in the production of prenominal adjectives in English. In particular, there is a statistically significant difference between the answers of the advanced (65%) and intermediate learners (32.5%). The number of correct answers provided by the advanced learners is higher than that provided by the intermediate learners. Regarding the types of error made by the participants, it has been argued that the most noticeable ones are due to first language (L1) negative transfer. Finally, the study concludes with some pedagogical implications and recommendations for further research.
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Rajnik, Eugeniusz. "Adjektive mit Negationspräfixen im heutigen Dänisch." Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia 18, no. 1 (2015): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fsp-2015-0017.
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Abstract The article offers a classification of adjective prefixes in Danish (section 3) including, among others, native and foreign prefixes (e.g. gen- and a-, respectively), genuine prefixes (e.g. ægte-) and particle prefixes (e.g. anti-). Various definitions of prefixal derivatives have been presented in section 4, while section 5 shows examples of and discusses native and foreign negative prefixes modifying the meanings of adjectives in contemporary Danish. The adjectives in question have been analyzed with regards to their structure and the emotional load they convey. Section 6 concludes the paper and includes comments on the productivity of the prefixes in question, as well as synonymy and antonymy in their usage.
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Doqaruni, Vahid Rahmani. "Investigating bilinguals’ cognitive processing of affective words in minimal linguistic contexts." Mental Lexicon 16, no. 2-3 (2021): 422–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.20026.doq.
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Abstract The main aims of the present study are, first, to extend the current cognitive research on affective word processing in bilinguals by analyzing affective words in minimal linguistic contexts and, second, to explore the potential impact of the affective valence of prime nouns on the affective valence of target adjectives. To fulfill these aims, a semantic decision task was employed in which the Persian-English bilinguals saw a pair of words one after another, and were asked to decide whether or not the target word, which was an adjective loaded with positive or negative valence, was related in meaning to the preceding word, which was a noun. Mixed factorial repeated measure ANOVA was run on reaction times and error rates data. The results showed that bilinguals’ responses were slower and less accurate to negative target adjectives in comparison to positive target adjectives. The data further revealed that bilinguals were faster but less accurate when they were responding to related target adjectives compared to unrelated target adjectives. The results provide evidence for a dynamic interaction between cognitive and affective language processing in bilinguals.
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Chandio, Muhammad Tufail, Faraz Ali Bughio, Abdul Hameed Panhwar, and Sikander Munir Memon. "Stylistic Analysis of Ahmed Ali’s Short Story Our Lane." Journal of Education and Educational Development 4, no. 2 (2017): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v4i2.1139.
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The undertaken study is based on stylistic analysis of Ahmed Ali’s short story Our Lane. The study analyzes how the author has used linguistic features like noun, adjective, conjunction, sentence complexity to portray the social, political, economic, religious, psychological and cultural conditions of the colonized natives of the Indian subcontinent in the wake of the British colonial rule. The story portrays how the colonial rule has deteriorated the people socially, economically, politically and psychologically. Ahmed Ali’s use of adjective is in consonant with the established norm of using 7 to 8% of the total text (Hofland &amp; Johansson, 1987:6). Whereas, the median of 343 sentences is 13, which is shorter than the length of an average modern sentence, which according to Ellegard is 17.8 words. While rebutting colonial narrative, he deviates from the standards of English language: excessive use of coordinating conjunction ‘and’ is evidence to it. Most adjectives of positive characteristics qualify to the past, whereas the adjectives referring to present are either of negative or of neutral characteristics, and thus the writer recognizes the glory of the past and condemns the disintegrating present and uncertain future in the colonized land.
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Laguzova, Evgeniya N., and Elena N. Martynova. "Stable expressions with the color adjective orange in the Russian language of the 20th century." Socialʹnye i gumanitarnye znania 7, no. 4 (2021): 440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/2412-6519-2021-4-440-447.
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The article presents a structural and semantic analysis of stable expressions of the 20th century with the adjective orange, many of which are based on metaphorical and associative-symbolic use of their constituent components. Among the ways of the author's transformation of such lexical units, the authors note the addition and replacement of significant parts of speech with other forms of the same word or synonyms, as well as a change in the location of the components of the expression in relation to each other, which not only does not destroy the idiom, but, on the contrary, intensifies its meaning. The evolution of the original meaning of expressions with the color adjective orange is shown, which is due to the change (expansion) of the circle of nouns combined with the adjective, the implication of evaluation, the formation of new synonymous links with metaphor. Particular attention is paid to stable expressions with political significance, the largest number of which began to appear since 2013 in connection with political events taking place in Ukraine, where orange was chosen for the symbols of the Ukrainian opposition. The development of negative connotations in the expression orange revolution is explained by the corresponding semantic potential of the adjective orange itself, for which semes with negative connotations are productive in speech. The expansion of the compatibility of the adjective orange in modern Russian has led to the emergence of new meanings for the adjectival. Using examples extracted from the newspaper subcorpus of the National Corpus of the Russian Language, representing a collection of texts of printed newspapers and electronic agencies of the 2000s, it is shown that the use of stable expressions with the color adjective orange reflects the tendency characteristic of the development of the modern Russian language to expressivize the written text in connection with the formation of an evaluative statement capable of conveying the attitude of a journalist to social, cultural, political events. At the same time, the expressed social axiological assessment performs various functions in the text: from attracting attention and overcoming the standard to manipulating the consciousness of the mass reader.
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Cappelle, Bert, Pascal Denis, and Mikaela Keller. "Facing the facts of fake: A distributional semantics and corpus annotation approach." Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association 6, no. 1 (2018): 9–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gcla-2018-0002.
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Abstract Fake is often considered the textbook example of a so-called ‘privative’ adjective, one which, in other words, allows the proposition that ‘(a) fake x is not (an) x’. This study tests the hypothesis that the contexts of an adjectivenoun combination are more different from the contexts of the noun when the adjective is such a ‘privative’ one than when it is an ordinary (subsective) one. We here use ‘embeddings’, that is, dense vector representations based on word co-occurrences in a large corpus, which in our study is the entire English Wikipedia as it was in 2013. Comparing the cosine distance between the adjective-noun bigram and single noun embeddings across two sets of adjectives, privative and ordinary ones, we fail to find a noticeable difference. However, we contest that fake is an across-the-board privative adjective, since a fake article, for instance, is most definitely still an article. We extend a recent proposal involving the noun’s qualia roles (how an entity is made, what it consists of, what it is used for, etc.) and propose several interpretational types of fake-noun combinations, some but not all of which are privative. These interpretations, which we assign manually to the 100 most frequent fake-noun combinations in the Wikipedia corpus, depend to a large extent on the meaning of the noun, as combinations with similar interpretations tend to involve nouns that are linked in a distributions-based network. When we restrict our focus to the privative uses of fake only, we do detect a slightly enlarged difference between fake + noun bigram and noun distributions compared to the previously obtained average difference between adjective + noun bigram and noun distributions. This result contrasts with negative or even opposite findings reported in the literature.
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Liebrecht, Christine, Lettica Hustinx, and Margot van Mulken. "The Relative Power of Negativity: The Influence of Language Intensity on Perceived Strength." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 38, no. 2 (2019): 170–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x18808562.
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Negative utterances and words have been found to be stronger than positive utterances and words, but what happens if positive and negative utterances are intensified? Two online experiments were carried out in which participants judged the strength of (un)intensified positive and negative evaluations in written dialogues. Both studies showed intensified language was perceived as stronger than unmarked language (i.e., language that was not intensified), and negative evaluations were stronger than positive evaluations. What is more, intensification and polarity interact; the increment of perceived strength for intensified positive adjectives (Study 1) and purely intensified adverbs ( really, very; Study 2) was bigger than the increment in perceived strength of intensified negative adjective and adverbs. When a meaningful intensifier ( deliciously, disgustingly) was used, the negativity effect remained. The findings were discussed within cognitive frameworks such as relevance theory, theory of mind, and theory on verbal aggression.
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Wigginton, Melissa L., Lenny D. Wiersma, Clay P. Sherman, and Daniela Rubin. "Weight Stigmatization Among Hispanic American Children." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 7, no. 1 (2009): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v7i1.1319.
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This study was designed to examine weight stigmatization among Hispanic American children. Fifty-five fifth grade students from a large, urban school district in Southern California were asked to rank six samesex drawings of children with various physical characteristics (related to weight or disability) in order of friend preference (1 = the most preferred, and 6 = the least preferred friend). Positive and negative adjectives were then assigned to the average-weight and obese drawings using the Adjective Checklist (ACL). The majority of the participants (60%) chose the average-weight child as the most preferred and 46% identified the obese child as the least preferred friend. In addition, the average-weight child was assigned more positive and fewer negative adjectives compared to the obese child. Significant differences in ACL composite scores between normal weight and overweight drawings were also found (p = 0.00). It appears that weight stigmatization is present in the current sample, which suggests that Hispanic children living in the U.S. may adopt negative attitudes about weight that are similar to American culture.
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Rudnitskaya, Elena L. "Отрицательная экзистенциальная конструкция с āчин в эвенкийском языке: внутренняя синтаксическая структура". Ural-Altaic Studies 42, № 3 (2021): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2021-42-3-60-75.
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In the paper, the Evenki negative existential construction with āčin is considered. The analysis is based on the use of this construction in the 21st century’s oral and written texts. The grammatical features of āčin are considered. In a finite clause, āčin agrees in number with the subject, and it cannot attach tense affixes. With these features as central for its 21st century use, we analyze āčin as a predicative adjective. Importantly, the āčin construction is not used in the noun modifier function in the 21st century Evenki. We propose that āčin is the head of a predicative adjective phrase (AdjPredP). The derivations of constructions with the nominative [NOM] and the partitive [PART] of missing object are compared. In the partitive object construction, the group [NP [PART] + āčin] is the predicate, and the subject is normally the possessor. The formal analysis of both cases is based on the assumption that [NP + āčin] is a small clause (SCi). This analysis accounts for the agreement patterns of āčin, and it includes the mechanisms of the nominative vs. partitive case assignment. In the adverbial use, there is a distinction between oral and written language. In the written language (that is close to the literary language), āčin has morphological properties of a noun (it can attach case and possessive affixes), and it is similar to the nominal head of a quasipossessive construction. In the oral language, the predicative adjective āčin construction [NP [PART] + āčin] is used primarily in the adverbial function. This and other oral speech innovations that create additional problems for the proposed formal analysis are discussed.
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Anokhina, S. A., and N. V. Pozdnyakova. "Features of Linguistic and Cultural Type “Bureaucrat”: Compatibility of Adjective bureaucratic." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 3 (March 30, 2020): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-3-9-23.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the linguistic and cultural type “Russian bureaucrat”. The compatibility of the adjective bureaucratic is investigated according to the texts of the XIX - XXI centuries included in the National corpus of the Russian language. The novelty of the study is that to describe the character traits of the linguocultural type “Russian bureaucrat”, the authors refer to the compatibility of an adjective derived from the character type. It is noted that the connotative component in the meaning of the adjective determines an almost exclusively negative interpretation of the image: the pejorative component of the value determines the compatibility of the studied adjective with the designations of negative qualities. The authors dwell on the ideas that have developed in the Russian linguistic consciousness about the character of the Russian bureaucrat, and trace their transformations over two centuries. The analysis of the compatibility of the adjective showed that the linguistic and cultural character “Russian bureaucrat” is characterized by indifference, ignorance, cowardice, arrogance, insincerity. The authors of the article conclude that in the Russian language picture of the world indifference and cowardice are attributed to bureaucrats of different periods of Russian history, while ostentatious arrogance is noted mainly in the descriptions of officials of the past, and markers of ignorance and insincerity are more frequent in the characteristics of modern officials.
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Canell, Anastasia E., and Grace Caskie. "EMERGING ADULT CAREGIVERS: PERCEPTIONS OF OLDER ADULT CARE RECIPIENTS, QUALITY OF CONTACT, AND AGEISM." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3455.
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Abstract Approximately 12-18% of family caregivers to older adults in the U.S. are 18-25 years old (i.e., emerging adulthood), yet minimal research has focused on this subgroup of caregivers (Levine, 2005; Smyth, Blaxland, & Cass, 2011). Individuals’ perceptions of an older adult’s social role relate to their attitudes toward older adults as a group (Hummert, 1999; Kite & Wagner, 2002). However, whether perceptions that emerging adult caregivers hold of older adults are specific to the social role of “care-recipient” has not been studied. A sample of 210 informal caregivers (ages 18-25) were surveyed to collect qualitative responses regarding perceptions of an older adult care-recipient (age 65+) and to assess quality of contact with the care-recipient and ageist attitudes. Participants were asked to provide five adjectives describing their older adult care-recipient. Approximately 43% provided a set of adjectives in which 80%-100% were coded as positive adjectives (e.g., “active”, “wise”); similarly, half of the sample’s adjective sets contained 0%-25% negative adjectives (e.g., “helpless”, “obnoxious”). The quality of contact with the care-recipient was significantly correlated (p&lt;.001) with the percentage of positive (r=.47) and negative (r=-.49) adjectives. Scores on the Fraboni Scale of Ageism were also significantly correlated (p&lt;.01) with the percentage of positive (r=-.19) and negative (r=.20) adjectives. Overall, these emerging adult caregivers had generally positive perceptions of their older adult care-recipients, and these perceptions reflected the positive quality of contact with the care-recipient. Less ageist attitudes’ relationship with more positive and less negative perceptions may have implications for experiences within a caregiving dyad.
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Abcha, Sadok. "Critical Discourse Analysis of Adjectives Used with the Word Multiculturalism in British Print Media." International Journal of Linguistics 8, no. 6 (2016): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v8i6.10405.
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The present paper critically analyses the ideological uses of the adjectives used to describe multiculturalism in opinion articles published by two British quality newspapers, The Telegraph and The Times, which politically lean to The Right. Methodologically, the sample on which this study is based has been retrieved from the websites of the two dailies by means of the Key Word In Context (KWIC) technique, which has been used to look for comment articles published between July 2005 and December 2015, and in which the search word, multiculturalism used with an adjective featured. Using Fairclough’s theoretical framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the study pinpoints the ideological underpinnings of the adjectives used with the word multiculturalism in the editorials. The study found out that all the adjectives are used in a derogative way to describe multiculturalism as being unreasonable, harmful and unsuccessful. Significantly, this paper provides critical insight into the peculiar uses of derogative adjectives in comment articles dealing with multiculturalism and avers that negative adjectives are not simply linguistic elements, but most importantly, ideological tools.
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Rean, A. A., and I. A. Konovalov. "Adolescent’s socio-cognitive representations (images) of different social groups." Social Psychology and Society 9, no. 2 (2018): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2018090205.
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The article is dedicated to the results of the study, which was aimed at the research of adolescent’s socio-cognitive representations (images) of social groups (parents, classmates, teachers, policemen, public officials). 7000 high-school students from different cities and villages of Russia took part at the research. Age: 14—18. Deviant adolescent’s socio-cognitive representations (images) are also studied. The sample of deviant adolescents — 127 participants. Method: «80 adjectives» (by A. Rean) technique was used. Сontingency table method was used for the evaluation of correlation between adjective choice preferences and the participant’s group. χ-square test was used for statistical significance evaluation. The major findings are: adolescents use mostly positive adjectives for description of parents, mostly negative descriptors for policemen and public offocials, both for classmates and teachers. Descriptor-choice preferences are found among different groups of participants.
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Tolochin, Igor, and Anna Tkalich. "Crimson: More than a shade of red (dictionary definitions versus context use)." Topics in Linguistics 19, no. 2 (2018): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/topling-2018-0008.
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AbstractThe paper proposes a study of a sample of 1,000 contexts for crimson, both the adjective and noun, in COCA with the aim of pointing out the insufficient and inaccurate dictionary definitions of crimson. The paper reveals the ambivalent nature of the meaning of crimson and offers a model of the senses of the crimson-adjective, demonstrating also the relative frequencies of the homonymous nouns within each of the senses. The key point of the paper consists in revealing the complex semantic structure of this adjective and its homonymous noun involving a broad range of synesthetic responses to positive and negative experiences of crimson as a visual aspect of a situation represented by various contexts. The analysis also demonstrates a correlation between the different senses of crimson, both noun and adjective, and the specific genres of text.
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Meng, Wang. "Thematic group “animal world” as a means of interpreting phraseological units with the component “eyes”." Neophilology, no. 26 (2021): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2021-7-26-235-240.
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We attempt to consider Russian phraseological units with the components “eyes” and “animal”, with the help of which a person is compared with a positive or negative image of domestic or wild animals. We establish that zoonymic adjectives act as a means of interpreting phraseological units, mainly such characteristics of a person’s appearance as facial features and facial ex-pressions are interpreted. We prove that the composition of phraseological units with the “eye” component for the most part contains a comparison of a person with domestic animals, which is reflected in a relative adjective. We substantiate that adjectives derived from zoonyms reflect a different degree of phraseological activity and indicate a greater degree of human interaction with domestic animals compared to wild animals. We express a judgment that entering the area of fi-gurative meanings of Russian relative adjectives in phraseological units with a component of “eyes” such as ram, ox, crawfish, lynx, pig, dog, etc. introduces new information into the circula-tion of research, but at the same time eliminates such fundamental linguistic antinomy as synchronicity and diachrony.
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Vodanovich, Stephen J., Kathryn M. Verner, and Thomas V. Gilbride. "Boredom Proneness: Its Relationship to Positive and Negative Affect." Psychological Reports 69, no. 3_suppl (1991): 1139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.69.3f.1139.
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170 undergraduate students completed the Boredom Proneness Scale by Farmer and Sundberg and the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist by Zuckerman and Lubin. Significant negative relationships were found between boredom proneness and negative affect scores (i.e., Depression, Hostility, Anxiety). Significant positive correlations also obtained between boredom proneness and positive affect (i.e., Positive Affect, Sensation Seeking). The correlations between boredom proneness “subscales” and positive and negative affect were congruent with those obtained using total boredom proneness scores. Implications for counseling are discussed.
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Ishiyama, F. Ishu, and Paul A. Munson. "Development and Validation of a Self-Critical Cognition Scale." Psychological Reports 72, no. 1 (1993): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.1.147.
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A 13-item Self-critical Cognition scale was developed to measure a self-critical and self-defeating cognitive tendency in processing self-relevant information. The scale, administered to 561 male and female university students, evidenced high internal consistency (α = .89) and test-retest reliability of r138 = .83 over a 6.5-week interval. A factor analysis yielded a most interpretable 2-factor solution, Factor 1: negative self-processing and Factor 2: failure in positive self-processing. The scale's construct validity was supported by meaningful correlations of –.71 with Rosenberg's self-esteem, .43 with Watson and Friend's social anxiety and distress, .62 with Cheek and Buss's shyness, .57 with Watson and Friend's fear of negative evaluation, .42 with Beck and Beamesderfer's depression, and .34 with negative adjective counts in spontaneous adjective listing in a self-descriptive task. Use of the scale for experimental and clinical research is suggested.
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Greenwald, Deborah F., and David W. Harder. "Partial Validation of the MAACL–R Positive Affect Scales." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 2 (1996): 540–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.2.540.
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The Positive Affect and Sensation Seeking scales of the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist-Revised correlated inversely with measures of negative affect and derogatory self-attitudes among 41 college undergraduates and showed some evidence of concept discrimination.
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Praminatih, Gusti Ayu, and Homsatun Nafiah. "[Woman]’s World Portrayed in Literary Works of Jane Austen." Lingua Cultura 12, no. 1 (2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v12i1.4040.
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The researchers conducted research on Jane Austen literary works since she was a prominent female novelist with mostly discussed novels. The aim of this research was investigating how Jane Austen portrayed [woman] in the18th century through literary works. Six major novels were used as data. Hence qualitative method was employed. The novels were converted using AntConc. Then, the researchers identified the 50 highest collocations of [woman] based on three main categories in part of speech namely adjective, noun, and verb. The results reveal that Jane Austen portrays [woman] in the 18th century with positive and negative aspects; internal and external qualities that reflected through adjectives. Jane Austen often uses concrete and abstract nouns related to domestic property collocated with the word [woman]. Furthermore, the verbs that collocate with [woman] in Jane Austen’s literary works are productive verbs. The researchers find that the adjectives, nouns, and verbs that attach to [woman] in Jane Austen novels are related to the domestic sphere and their quality of being strong, logical, and intellectual.
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Wołk, Mariola. "‘Dziwność’ a problem oceny (na przykładzie przymiotnika "dziwny")." LingVaria 13, no. 25 (2018): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/lv.13.2017.25.07.
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‘Strangeness’ and the Problem of Evaluation (On the Basis of the Adjective dziwny)The main aim of this article is to provide answers to two questions: is the adjective dziwny used to form a negative evaluation; and is it used to provide evaluation at all? The second question entails the necessity to determine if the possible evaluation on the good–bad scale constitutes a part of the semantic structure of the word dziwny, or whether it is one of the pragmatic properties of the linguistic unit in question. The analytical part of the article is preceded by a short theoretical introduction which refers the reader to the most important conclusions (mainly by Jadwiga Puzynina) within the field of axiological linguistic evaluation (axio-linguistics). The analysis of the adjective dziwny presented here also takes into account its derivatives, such as dziwak ‘weirdo’, dziwoląg ‘freak’, [ktoś] dziwaczy ‘someone does or says weird things’, and its semantically close predicates: dziwaczny ‘bizzare’, specyficzny ‘idiosyncratic’, osobliwy ‘peculiar’ and nietypowy ‘untypical’.
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Kovshova, M. L. "Semantics of Adjective 'radostny' and Conceptualization of the Emotional Evaluation." Critique and Semiotics 39, no. 1 (2021): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2021-1-159-175.
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The article deals with the development and modification of the emotional evaluation of the adjective radostny (English – joyful) in terms of conceptualisation of emotions. The paper includes the comparison of its dictionary definitions, etymological data and interpretation in terms of emotional evaluation. Special attention is paid to the processes of conceptualisation of emotional evaluation by means of the extension of the adjective denotation sphere, denotative shift from perceptible objects to invisible objects, from form to content. As a result, the adjective radostny receives intellectual and aesthetic shades of meaning. The denotative shift referring to negative denotation modifies the dominant category feature – a positive evaluation component. It leads to the weakening and neutralization of the positive evaluation. The analysis of use, as applied to the examples in the Russian National Corpus, verifies the basic characteristics of emotional evaluation (subjectivity and uncertainty) and helps to identify its important characteristics (communicativeness, efficiency, attractiveness). The study takes into account the forms of objectification of radostny evaluation, time factor and typical genres.
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Corteel, Céline. "De la négation à la focalisation." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 33, no. 1 (2010): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.33.1.01cor.
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This paper deals with adnominal autre in correlative structures (e.g. Pierre a suivi un autre chemin que Paul). In the first section, it is shown that this construction can be analysed as a case of relativisation. The subsequent sections propose a semantic-referential description of autre. The data suggest that the adjective functions as a negative operator, whose base meaning can be interpreted as a means of refuting an expectation. It is also concluded that this particular meaning, when combined with negation, enables the speaker to focalise the referent of the entity denoted by the complement, as “pas d’autre N que…” suggests a series of alternatives which are rejected in the same utterance (Cf. Pierre n’a pas d’autre solution que la fuite). Such a use could be interpreted as an emphatic version of adjectival seul
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Singh, Rajdeep. "Russian and Negative Prefixing: A Cognitive-Semantic Approach to the Negative Adjective Prefixing in Russian, Spanish, Persian, and English." English Linguistics Research 7, no. 4 (2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/elr.v7n4p15.
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Negative prefixing has always been an important and intriguing morphological process, through which adjectives are formed in many different languages. However, there are limits to negative prefixing. In this study, we introduce the novel concept of Polarity Flexibility, through which the limitations for the negative prefixing are accounted for. Furthermore, we conducted an experiment to investigate whether the PF is an active cognitive process. The results of the experiment confirm our hypothesis and the fact that Polarity Flexibility does indeed influence the cognitive processing. In our study, we introduce the notion of the syntactic arrangement which influences the negative prefixing. Therefore, we compare Russian, Persian, Spanish and English in negative prefixing to show how much the cognitive processes are influenced by the syntactic formations. Russian as a representative of Slavic languages brings an important insight into the way syntax plays role in the semantic-cognitive context.
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Singh, Rajdeep. "Russian and Negative Prefixing: A Cognitive-Semantic Approach to the Negative Adjective Prefixing in Russian, Spanish, Persian, and English." English Linguistics Research 7, no. 4 (2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/elr.v7n4p7.
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Negative prefixing has always been an important and intriguing morphological process, through which adjectives are formed in many different languages. However, there are limits to negative prefixing. In this study, we introduce the novel concept of Polarity Flexibility, through which the limitations for the negative prefixing are accounted for. Furthermore, we conducted an experiment to investigate whether the PF is an active cognitive process. The results of the experiment confirm our hypothesis and the fact that Polarity Flexibility does indeed influence the cognitive processing. In our study, we introduce the notion of the syntactic arrangement which influences the negative prefixing. Therefore, we compare Russian, Persian, Spanish and English in negative prefixing to show how much the cognitive processes are influenced by the syntactic formations. Russian as a representative of Slavic languages brings an important insight into the way syntax plays role in the semantic-cognitive context.
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Putri, Calista, Hairus Salikin, and Dewianti Khazanah. "She’s Really Kind and Hella Weird! ─ The Use of Intensifiers among Teens: A Sociolinguistic Analysis." k@ta 22, no. 1 (2020): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/kata.22.1.36-45.
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This study aims to reveal language variation of the use of intensifiers that occurs between male and female teens. This study will also examine the effects of gender through the use of adjectives intensification. Seeing that society have stereotype towards male and female, it is being one of problems that cause the differences in their language. To answer this problem, qualitative and quantitative approaches are undertaken. All participants are asked to share stories through free writing section. A later interview process is accomplished to clarify their further reasons of their intensifiers. The results show that there are significant differences of intensifiers used by males and females such as intensifiers amount, adjective types, degree, positive-negative evaluation, emotional value, intensifiers choices, and the use of double and taboo intensifiers. These differences are caused by several reasons with gender related. It has connection with power, politeness, expressions, emotion, society compulsion, and others.
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Tsaousis, Ioannis, and Stelios Georgiades. "Development and Psychometric Properties of the Greek Personality Adjective Checklist (GPAC)." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 25, no. 3 (2009): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.25.3.164.
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This study presents the development and the psychometric properties of the Greek Personality Adjective Checklist (GPAC), a new instrument assessing personality in the Greek population. The GPAC is based on the lexical hypothesis tradition and its theoretical framework was derived from the emic study of the Greek personality lexicon ( Saucier, Georgiades, Tsaousis, & Goldberg, 2005 ). It consists of 94 adjectives measuring six concrete dimensions: Even Temper, Introversion/Melancholia, Prowess/Heroism, Agreeableness/Positive Affect, Conscientiousness, and Negative Valence/Honesty. Results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provided support for a six-factor solution for the structure of Greek personality. Additional results provided empirical evidence for the reliability of the GPAC. The Cronbach’s α coefficients for the six scales ranged between .85 and .95. The test-retest correlation coefficients ranged between .71 and .85. Finally, preliminary results provided evidence of construct validity based on convergence correlations with other personality measures such as the Traits Personality Questionnaire 5 (TPQue5), the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and the 50 Big Five Factor Markers (50 BFFM), as well as other criterion personality measures such as the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). It is concluded that the GPAC is a reliable and valid measure, useful for the assessment of normal personality in the Greek population.
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Popova, S. B., та M. T. Shkapenko. "The functioning of a semantic calque токсичный in discursive practices of the modern russian language". Philology at MGIMO 6, № 4 (2020): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2020-4-24-156-166.
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The paper focuses on the semantic derivation of the adjective «toxic» in English, which underlies the neosemantization of the adjective “токсичный” in the Russian language. Due to exposing the seme of negative impact, the word “toxic” is subjected to metaphorization. It is actively used in various spheres of Anglo-American discourse. The universal character of the metaphor, in which the target domain is a person, and the source domain – toxic substances, explains the high frequency of its usage. The conceptualization of a person and the whole system of interpersonal relations in terms of metaphor “Man is a toxic substance” is considered as a verbal indicator of the real psychological state of Anglo-American society. The high frequency of the word in political discourse is characterized as a means of language manipulation. Attention is drawn to the ethnic specificity of the American feminist socioconstruct “toxic masculinity”, as a particular manifestation of the tendency to eliminate binary gender opposition. While examining the functioning of neosemantism “toxic” in the Russian language, a conclusion is made about the process of semantic calque, which proceeds in the form of exact copying the ways of its metaphorical usage in the donor language. In the speech practices of native Russian speakers the adjective “toxic” changes its traditional syntagmatics, including in the field of reference nouns with the meaning of a person or various types of human relationships. There are changes in the use of the adjective, which is becoming a fashionable attribute of the speech of politicians, financiers, and psychologists. It is emphasized that the semantic shift in the adjective “токсичный”, which is carried out under the influence of the donor language, is alien to the traditional system of values of Russian native speakers.
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Thayer, Robert E. "Activation-Deactivation Adjective Check List: Current Overview and Structural Analysis." Psychological Reports 58, no. 2 (1986): 607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.58.2.607.
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The Activation-Deactivation Adjective Check List (AD ACL) is a multidimensional self-rating test constructed and extensively validated for rapid assessments of momentary activation or arousal states. The two core dimensions, energetic arousal (including tiredness) and tense arousal (including calmness) have been replicated repeatedly. They bear a complex relationship to each other involving positive and negative correlations at different levels of intensity. The dimensions are associated with a variety of arousal-related characteristics, including physiological changes, sleep-wake cycles, exercise effects, cognitive and information processing functions, various mood states, and a number of concomitants of stress. Finally, in a reported empirical study designed to investigate the somewhat uncommon self-rating format of this check list, alternative rating scales were employed with the same adjective descriptors. Factor analyses of respondents' ratings indicated that the factor structure of activation descriptors remained essentially the same with each scale. In this context, the importance of the underlying arousal model in relation to the activation descriptors is discussed.
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Li, Wenchao. "A Lexical-Pragmatic Approach to Japanese Wakamono Kotoba ‘Youth Language’ yabai." International Journal of Linguistics 13, no. 5 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v13i5.18939.
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This study uncovers the morphosyntactic properties of yabai and its clipped forms. It aims to arrive at an understanding of how the forms and the meanings might be associated. A lexical-pragmatic-based analysis was carried out using Twitter and speech corpus data. The findings reveal the following picture of the lexeme: (a) when yabai undertakes an adjective role, modifying a noun, it is likely that a negative evaluation is invited. In this regard, yabai fulfils a lexical function. (b) The adverb use of yabai presents two variations: modifying a verb or modifying an i-adjective. At any rate, the adverb use describes the degree of an event or an object, leading to the assumption that yabai fulfils a grammatical function.(c) The predicate function presents the following diversities: the negative-denotation yabai and yabee are lexical items; the positive/neutral-denotation yabai, yabee and yaba are grammatical items. The clipped forms, i.e. yaba; yabee and yabe are limited to interjection use and adverb use, which are signs of complete grammaticalisation. A quantitative analysis via KH Coder suggests that yabai’s adverb function appears to be limited to women friendships, with parent-child relationship and vertical relationship being ruled out.
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Dereza, Oksana. "Physical Qualities in Goidelic: A Corpus Study of Polysemy and Collocability." Studia Celto-Slavica 8 (2018): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54586/dseo7837.
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This is a small case study of Goidelic adjectives denoting the physical qualities of heaviness and lightness, namely trom and éadrom in Irish and trom and aotrom (eutrom) in Scottish Gaelic. Both go back to Old Irish. I will refer to them by their Old Irish forms tromm and étromm in generalisations. Étromm is derived from tromm with a negative prefix é, suggesting a high level of structural symmetry. However, this proves not to be the case, and étromm appears to be a lot more than just “not tromm” even at the earliest stage. Moreover, distribution of both trom and étromm differs substiantially in Modern Irish and Scottish Gaelic although these languages are closely related. What makes this kind of adjective especially interesting is A. Wierzbicka and C. Goddard’s assumption that “physical quality concepts refer to embodied human experiences and embodied human sensations” (Goddard & Wierzbicka 2007: 765). In other words, we call something ‘heavy’ not because it has some specific weight, but rather because we feel this weight. The analysed Goidelic data fully support this statement.
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Gotlib, Ian H., and John P. Meyer. "Factor analysis of the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List: A separation of positive and negative affect." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50, no. 6 (1986): 1161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.6.1161.
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Kang, Beom-mo. "The alternative negative constructions in spoken and written Korean: Logistic regression analysis." Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 15, no. 2 (2019): 419–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2016-0021.
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AbstractAdopting quantitative corpus-based methods, this paper focuses on the alternative negative constructions in Korean, [anV] and [Vanhda]. Logistic regression analyses for a mixed-effects model were carried out on data drawn from the Sejong Korean Corpus. Certain features of the verb or adjective in negative constructions significantly affect the use of the two negative constructions. A relevant factor is register/medium (spoken or written), among other significant interactions of factors. Furthermore, the fact that frequency is consistent with other relevant factors, together with certain diachronic facts of Korean, supports the claim that frequency of use plays an important role in linguistic changes. Another finding is that, notwithstanding noticeable differences between spoken and written language, the factors influencing the use of the two negative constructions in Korean are largely similar in the spoken and written registers.
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Mendesheva, M. M. "Lexical-Semantic Analysis of the Adjective Poor in English: Definitions, Synonyms, and Antonyms." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 23, no. 1 (2021): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2021-23-1-256-264.
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The article introduces the lexical-semantic aspect of the adjective poor in English, its synonyms, and antonyms. The analysis featured five English dictionaries: Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus, Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary, The Free Dictionary, Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, and Merriam-Webster Dictionary. The author analyzed the lexical-semantic variants of the adjective and determined its meanings. The component analysis allocated 46 semes and sememes, which were combined into eight thematic groups: 1. People: (poor) people / a group, poverty, emaciated, not very skilful (in a particular activity), needy, humble, meek; 2. Animal: (hungry) animal; 3. Material means: having, material, possessions, mean, petty / (little) money / insufficient wealth, used of land, barren (land), unproductive (land); 4. Lack / shortage: lacking / deficient; 5. Something material: very little of the substance, (little of a particular) substance, (poor) food; 6. Resources: supply (of something specified – resources, materials), (poor) country; 7. Evaluation: bad / not good, (being of a very low) quality, (being of a very low) quantity, (being of a very low) standard, inferior / very little (in quality), inferior (in value), (less) amount, (less) rate, (less) number, little / few, (in bad) condition, not normal, less (than adequate) / scanty / inadequate, negative, small (in worth), quality; 8. Emotional attitude: exciting , pity, (deserving) sympathy, unlucky, disappointing , disagreeable, indifferent, unfavorable, no pleasure. The adjective poor appeared to have 37 synonyms and 13 antonyms.
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Hertel, Paula T., Amaris Maydon, Julia Cottle, and Janna N. Vrijsen. "Cognitive Bias Modification." Clinical Psychological Science 5, no. 1 (2016): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702616649366.
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Ruminative tendencies to think repetitively about negative events, like retrieval practice in laboratory experiments, should enhance long-term recall. To evaluate this claim, ruminators and nonruminators learned positive, negative, and neutral adjective–noun pairs. Following each of four study phases, “practice” participants attempted cued recall of nouns from positive or negative pairs; study-only participants performed a filler task. Half the pairs of each valence were tested after the four learning cycles, and all pairs were tested a week later. Large practice effects were found on both tests, even though ruminators showed a trait-congruent bias in recalling unpracticed negative pairs on the immediate test. Positive practice also improved the moods of ruminators. Thus, repetitive positive retrieval shows promise in counteracting ruminative recall and its consequences.
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IVOVA, Nadelina. "THE COLOR TERMS FOR BLACK AND WHITE IN BULGARIAN, POLISH AND LITHUANIAN PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS." Ezikov Svyat volume 19 issue 3, ezs.swu.v19i3 (October 1, 2021): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v19i3.7.
Full textAbstract:
The present paper is contrastive analysis of Bulgarian, Polish and Lithuanian phraseological units containing a color term naming black or white. It traces the way these components reflect the figurative meaning of the unit - through their color semantics or through their function as a cultural signs. The study classiffiеs Bulgarian, Polish and Lithuanian expressions as to their belongings to several groups, which refer to different concepts. In each group the comparison of the examples found in the three phraseological subsystems is based on their semantics, their lexical components and structure. Under observations are substantive, adjectival, adverbial and verbal phraseological units where the colors are used only as an adjective component. The analysis takes into consideration that black has negative symbolism and cultural connotations. Thus the phraseological units with black are linked mainly to the concepts such as death, sorrow, bad life, misfortune. The text suggests that color term for black is rarely used to express neutral or positive meanings. The white has a positive cultural connotation associated to whiteness, light, good life, goodness, but its meaning can vary to neutral or negative in phraseological system of the three languages. The present paper observes similarities of collected phraseological expressions and emphasizes their nation-specific features.
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DEWAR, G. "CANDIDATES FOR μ<0, ∊<0 NANOSTRUCTURES". International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, № 24n25 (2001): 3258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201007592.
Full textAbstract:
Recent interest has been generated in composite materials for which both the dielectric constant and the magnetic permeability are negative. These composites behave as if they possess a negative index of refraction, although the broader, less specific adjective "left-handed" has also been applied to them. Such composites possess two sets of structures which are separately responsible for the negative ∊ and μ. However, materials having a negative μ are common in the microwave frequency range and such a material can replace one set of structures in the composite. An example of a simple composite is a YIG medium (μ<0) penetrated by sets of metallic strips or wires which give rise a negative dielectric constant in the appropriate frequency range. The index of refraction of the composite can be modulated by adjusting the applied magnetic field.