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Journal articles on the topic 'Negative chronotropic effect'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Iberti, Thomas J., Saul K. Berger, Thomas A. Paluch, Giuliano Premus, Kathleen M. Kelly, and Ernest Benjamin. "THE NEGATIVE CHRONOTROPIC EFFECT OF ENDOTOXIN." Critical Care Medicine 15, no. 4 (1987): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-198704000-00124.

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2

Matsuura, W., M. Sugimachi, T. Kawada, et al. "Vagal stimulation decreases left ventricular contractility mainly through negative chronotropic effect." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 273, no. 2 (1997): H534—H539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.273.2.h534.

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Although an increase in vagal tone is known to slow heart rate (HR), whether it also depresses left ventricular contractility through mechanisms independent of the bradycardic effect remains unknown. The chief aim of this investigation, therefore, was the separation of the observed vagally mediated depression of ventricular contractility into direct and indirect vagal effects, the latter resulting via negative chronotropism. In 12 anesthetized, sympathectomized open-chest rabbits, we measured left ventricular contractility through determination of the end-systolic elastance (Ees). We found tha

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3

Chowdhury, Tumul, and Bernhard Schaller. "The negative chronotropic effect during lumbar spine surgery." Medicine 96, no. 1 (2017): e5436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000005436.

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4

Sakai, Hiroshi, Fumitaka Ikomi, and Toshio Ohhashi. "Effects of endothelin on spontaneous contractions in lymph vessels." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 277, no. 2 (1999): H459—H466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1999.277.2.h459.

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A mode of action of endothelin (ET) on spontaneous contractions was investigated in ring preparations of isolated bovine mesenteric lymphatics. ET-1 at concentrations between 10−10 and 10−9 M caused a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of spontaneous contractions. The specific ETA-receptor antagonist BQ-123 (5 × 10−7 M) caused a significant inhibition of the ET-1-induced positive chronotropic effect in the ring preparations with and without the endothelium. Mechanical denudation of the lymphatic endothelial cells produced a significant potentiation of the ET-induced positive chronotropic

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5

Yokoyama, S., and T. Ohhashi. "Effects of acetylcholine on spontaneous contractions in isolated bovine mesenteric lymphatics." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 264, no. 5 (1993): H1460—H1464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1993.264.5.h1460.

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The effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on spontaneous contractions in isolated bovine mesenteric lymph vessels were investigated. ACh ranging from 3 x 10(-8) M to 10(-5) M produced dose-dependent negative chronotropic and inotropic effects on the spontaneous contractions. In the lymph vessels without endothelium, ACh at the same concentration range had no significant effect on the spontaneous contractions. Atropine (10(-9) and 10(-8) M) caused a parallel shift to the right of the dose-chronotropic response curve for ACh. The pA2 value of atropine to ACh in the negative chronotropic effect was 8.90

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6

Ribuot, C., D. Godin, R. Couture, D. Regoli, and R. Nadeau. "In vivo B2-receptor-mediated negative chronotropic effect of bradykinin in canine sinus node." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 265, no. 3 (1993): H876—H879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1993.265.3.h876.

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The chronotropic response to bradykinin (BK) injected into the sinus node artery was evaluated in anesthetized dogs. The animals (n = 14) were vagotomized and pretreated with propranolol (1 mg/kg i.v.) to prevent baroreceptor-mediated effects. Dose-dependent decreases in heart rate (from 2.4 +/- 1.3% for 1 microgram of BK to 13.1 +/- 3.7% for 10 micrograms of BK), as well as a significant fall in systemic systolic and diastolic blood pressures, were observed. Captopril (2 mg/kg i.v.) caused significant decreases in systolic (from 117 +/- 11 to 77 +/- 12 mmHg, P < 0.001) and diastolic (from

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7

Dominguez, Luis Olmos, Milton Ernesto Guevara Valdivia, Jose Oscar Torres Jaimes, et al. "NEGATIVE CHRONOTROPIC EFFECT AND ANGINA DUE TO THALIDOMIDE USE." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 73, no. 9 (2019): 2923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(19)33529-6.

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8

Williamson, Anthony P., Ernst Seifen, Jon P. Lindemann та Richard H. Kennedy. "α1a-Adrenergic receptor mediated positive chronotropic effect in right atria isolated from rats". Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72, № 12 (1994): 1574–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y94-226.

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Experiments in right atria isolated from adult male rats were designed to determine which of the α1-adrenergic receptor (α1-AR) subtypes are involved in the positive chronotropic effect of phenylephrine, an α1-AR agonist. Chloroethylclonidine (CEC), an irreversible α1b-, α1c-, and α1d-AR antagonist, did not alter the efficacy or potency of phenylephrine; however, CEC did elicit a concentration-dependent negative chronotropic effect and reduce the absolute maximum spontaneous rate observed in the presence of phenylephrine. WB4101, a competitive α1a- and α1c-AR-selective antagonist, did not alte

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9

Honjo, H., I. Kodama, W. J. Zang, and M. R. Boyett. "Desensitization to acetylcholine in single sinoatrial node cells isolated from rabbit hearts." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 263, no. 6 (1992): H1779—H1789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.263.6.h1779.

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The negative chronotropic effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on the sinoatrial node fades in the continuous presence of ACh as a result of desensitization. We have investigated the mechanism underlying desensitization in single rabbit sinoatrial node cells using the whole cell patch clamp technique. The negative chronotropic effect resulting from the injection of a constant hyperpolarizing current faded. ACh activated an inwardly rectifying potassium current (iK,ACh), which faded in the continuous presence of ACh. ACh had no effect on “basal” L-type calcium current (iCa), but ACh decreased iCa, whi

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10

Kushikata, Yoshibumi. "Negative chronotropic effect of hypoxia on the rabbit sinus node." Journal of Nippon Medical School 55, no. 4 (1988): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1272/jnms1923.55.371.

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11

Posner, Philip, Stephen P. Baker, Robert G. Carpentier, and Don W. Walker. "Negative chronotropic effect of chronic ethanol ingestion in the rat." Alcohol 2, no. 2 (1985): 309–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0741-8329(85)90065-5.

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12

Micucci, Matteo, Marco Malaguti, Tullia Gallina Toschi, et al. "Cardiac and Vascular Synergic Protective Effect ofOlea europeaL. Leaves andHibiscus sabdariffaL. Flower Extracts." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/318125.

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This study was aimed at investigating the cardiovascular effects of anOlea europeaL. leaf extract (OEE), of aHibiscus sabdariffaL. flower extract (HSE), and of their 13 : 2 w/w mixture in order to assess their cardiac and vascular activity. Both extracts were fully characterized in their bioactive compounds by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. The study was performed using primary vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) to investigate the antioxidant and cytoprotective effect of the extracts and their mixture and isolated guinea-pig left and right atria and aorta to evaluate the inotropic and chronotropic acti

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13

Ondrejcakova, Maria, Tatiana Ravingerova, Jan Bakos, Dezider Pancza, and Daniela Jezova. "Oxytocin exerts protective effects on in vitro myocardial injury induced by ischemia and reperfusionThis article is one of a selection of papers from the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Translational Knowledge for Heart Health (published in part 1 of a 2-part Special Issue)." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 87, no. 2 (2009): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y08-108.

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Among the cardiovascular pathologies, ischemic heart disease is a serious medical problem that can result in cardiac injury and (or) heart failure. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that neuropeptide oxytocin induces cardioprotective effects on ischemia–reperfusion-induced myocardial damage. The functional parameters of isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were recorded before and after global 25 min ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. The infarct size was determined by a computerized planimetric method. The results showed that oxytocin produced negative chronotropic

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14

Kimura, Koichi, Hisakazu Kimura, Noriko Yokosawa, et al. "Negative Chronotropic Effect of Botulinum Toxin on Neonatal Rat Cardiac Myocytes." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 244, no. 1 (1998): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1998.8188.

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15

Gautam, Chander Shekhar, Amita Utreja, Divya Goel, Gurpreet Sandhu, and Nidhi Gogia. "Negative chronotropic effect of proton pump inhibitors on frog-heart preparation." Indian Journal of Gastroenterology 28, no. 4 (2009): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12664-009-0052-x.

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16

Zu, Lingyun, Zhenyun Shen, Jacob Wesley, and Zheqing P. Cai. "PTEN inhibitors cause a negative inotropic and chronotropic effect in mice." European Journal of Pharmacology 650, no. 1 (2011): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.069.

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17

Gao, Zhenhai, Jose Rosete, Gail Kohler, Bee-Lian Huang, Brent Blackburn, and Luiz Belardinelli. "Negative chronotropic effect of CVT-510 in anesthetized and awake rats." Drug Development Research 52, no. 1-2 (2001): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ddr.1143.

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18

Belloni, F. L., L. Belardinelli, C. Halperin, and T. H. Hintze. "An unusual receptor mediates adenosine-induced SA nodal bradycardia in dogs." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 256, no. 6 (1989): H1553—H1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1989.256.6.h1553.

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To characterize the receptor mediating the negative chronotropic effect of adenosine in dogs, experiments were performed on conscious dogs with chronically implanted cardiovascular instrumentation. Autonomic blockade was used to eliminate any reflex influences on heart rate. Intravenous bolus injections of various adenosine analogues caused dose-dependent, aminophylline-blockable reductions in heart rate with a potency order of 5'-(N-ethylcarboxyamido)-adenosine (NECA)-78:2-chloroadenosine-17:adenosine-1. Dipyridamole enhanced the potency of adenosine to equal that of 2-chloroadenosine. Modera

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19

Mery, P. F., L. Hove-Madsen, J. M. Chesnais, H. C. Hartzell, and R. Fischmeister. "Nitric oxide synthase does not participate in negative inotropic effect of acetylcholine in frog heart." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 270, no. 4 (1996): H1178—H1188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.270.4.h1178.

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In the heart, the parasympathetic neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) reduces the force of contraction. Although the effect of ACh can be partly explained by an inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, some of the effects of ACh may also be mediated via stimulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and production of guanosine 3', 5'-cycle monophosphate (cGMP). NOS inhibitors can prevent the negative chronotropic effect of ACh on spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes and suppress the inhibition of the L-type calcium current (ICa) by ACh in sinoatrial myocytes. This pathway may be relevant not only to the c

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20

Heller, L. J., and R. A. Olsson. "Inhibition of rat ventricular automaticity by adenosine." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 248, no. 6 (1985): H907—H913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1985.248.6.h907.

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This study was designed to characterize adenosine's negative chronotropic effect on ventricular pacemakers. The spontaneous beating rate of isolated, isovolumic rat ventricular preparations perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution decreased as the adenosine concentration was increased [log M effective concentration 50% (EC50) = -5.22 +/- 0.17]. The lack of effect of propranolol or atropine on this adenosine response eliminates the involvement of endogenous neurotransmitters. Support for the involvement of an external cell surface receptor was provided by findings that theophylline and 8-(4-sulfo

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21

Glezer, M. G., E. I. Astashkin, and I. N. Sokolova. "ROLE OF MEDICATIONS WITH NEGATIVE CHRONOTROPIC EFFECT IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND HEART FAILURE." Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 12, no. 5 (2013): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2013-5-81-86.

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The study aim was to assess the importance of adequate administration of medications with negative chronotropic effect in the improvement of clinical course and prognosis among patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart failure. The possibility and appropriateness of combination therapy with β-adrenoblockers (β-AB) and an If channel blocker ivabradine is justified. The authors analyse current real-world trends in the administration and dose titration of these medications among ambulatory Russian patients. Russian doctors need to be more active in the treatment of patients with CHD an

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22

Ho, C. S., Y. H. Wong, and K. W. Chiu. "The Hypotensive Action of Desmodium styracifolium and Clematis chinensis." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 17, no. 03n04 (1989): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x89000280.

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The cardiovascular pharmacology of aqueous extracts of Desmodium styracifolium (DSE) and Clematis chinensis (CCE) were studied in rats both in vivo and in vitro. DSE produced two successive hypotensive actions: the first one via cholinergic receptor sitmulation, while the second one potentiated by blockades of autonomic ganglion and α-adrenoceptor. In contrast to DSE, CCE produced only on hypotensive response which was mediated through histaminergic activity. Furthermore, both extracts relaxed isolated methoxamine preconstricted helical tail artery strips. CCE also produced both negative chron

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23

Tanito, Yasuto, Takaaki Miwa, Masayuki Endou, et al. "Interaction of Edrophonium with Muscarinic Acetylcholine M2and M3Receptors." Anesthesiology 94, no. 5 (2001): 804–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200105000-00019.

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Background It has been reported that edrophonium can antagonize the negative chronotropic effect of carbachol. This study was undertaken to evaluate in detail the interaction of edrophonium with muscarinic Mz and M3 receptors. Methods A functional study was conducted to evaluate the effects of edrophonium on the concentration-response curves for the negative chronotropic effect and the bronchoconstricting effect of carbachol in spontaneously beating right atria and tracheas of guinea pigs. An electrophysiologic study was conducted to compare the effects of edrophonium on carbachol-, guanosine

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24

Yang, T., M. D. Jacobstein, and M. N. Levy. "Sustained increases in heart rate induced by timed repetition of vagal stimulation in dogs." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 249, no. 4 (1985): H703—H709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1985.249.4.h703.

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We determined the influence of the "free-running cycle length" (tau FR) on chronotropic responses to one burst of right vagal stimuli per cardiac cycle in anesthetized dogs (tau FR, cycle length that prevailed in absence of right vagal stimulation). We varied tau FR by the following methods: 1) tonic left vagal stimulation in pentobarbital-anesthetized animals; 2) tonic left vagal stimulation plus sinus node cooling in pentobarbital-anesthetized animals; and 3) anesthesia with fentanyl, droperidol, and pentobarbital. When tau FR was less than a critical value [1,019 +/- 60 (SE) ms], right vaga

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25

Hageman, G. R., B. H. Neely, F. Urthaler, and T. N. James. "Negative chronotropic and parasympatholytic effects of alinidine on canine sinus node and AV junction." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 248, no. 3 (1985): H324—H330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1985.248.3.h324.

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The direct effects of alinidine (N-allyl-clonidine) on the sinus node and atrioventricular (AV) junction were studied in 18 anesthetized dogs. Stimulus frequency-response curves to right stellate ganglion and right cervical vagus stimulations as well as responses to norepinephrine or acetylcholine were determined before and after selective perfusion of alinidine into the sinus node artery. Alinidine (1 microgram/ml) had no effect on spontaneous sinus rate [148 +/- 5 (SE) beats/min]. However, alinidine concentrations of 5, 10, and 25 micrograms/ml produced significant (P less than 0.05) sinus s

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26

Mohamed Shabi, M., C. David Raj, C. Sasikala, K. Gayathri, and J. Joseph. "Negative Inotropic and Chronotropic Effects of Phenolic Fraction from Cynodon dactylon (linn) on Isolated Perfused Frog Heart." Journal of Scientific Research 4, no. 3 (2012): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i3.8549.

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Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers belongs to the family Poaceae is a grass native to North Africa, Asia and Australia and southern Europe. The phenolic fraction of Cynodon dactylon (Linn) (CDP) was evaluated for its cardio-protective activity using isolated frog´s heart perfusion method. The negative inotropic and chronotropic activities were recorded using kymograph. The CDP produced negative inotropic and chronotropic actions on isolated frog heart. The pharmacological effect was selectively inhibited by atropine indicating that these might have been mediated through muscarinic receptor.© 2012 JSR

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27

Verlato, G., and P. Borgdorff. "Endogenous adenosine enhances vagal negative chronotropic effect during hypoxia in the anaesthetised rabbit." Cardiovascular Research 24, no. 7 (1990): 532–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/24.7.532.

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28

Eto, Koji, Kageyoshi Ono, Katsushi Shibata, Aiji Sakamoto, Keitaro Hashimoto, and Gozoh Tsujimoto. "Negative chronotropic effect of endothelin mediated through ETa receptor in guinea-pig atria." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 64 (1994): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)50039-7.

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29

KOU, WILLIAM H., K. CHING MAN, RAJIVA GOYAL, S. ADAM STRICKBERGER, and FRED MORADY. "Interaction Between Autonomic Tone and the Negative Chronotropic Effect of Adenosine in Humans." Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 22, no. 12 (1999): 1792–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1999.tb00412.x.

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30

Lambert, Chantal, Christophe Ribuot, Annette Robichaud, and Jean R. Cusson. "Negative chronotropic effect of the atrial natriuretic peptide in an anaesthetized dog model." European Journal of Pharmacology 252, no. 3 (1994): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(94)90169-4.

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31

GRAHAM, MARK, and ANTHONY FARRELL. "The Seasonal Intrinsic Cardiac Performance of a Marine Teleost." Journal of Experimental Biology 118, no. 1 (1985): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.118.1.173.

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1. An in situ heart preparation was used to evaluate cardiac performance in the sea raven, Hemitripterus americanus, under physiological inflow and outflow pressure conditions. Winter and summer fish were subjected to an acute 10°C temperature change from the seasonal ambient value. The maximum cardiac output (V·b) under each temperature condition was determined by altering inflow pressure to the heart. 2. Acute temperature increase produced positive chronotropic and inotropic effects in winter fish. Acute temperature decrease produced a negative chronotropic and inotropic effect in summer fis

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32

Zhu, Y., H. T. Yang, and M. Endoh. "Negative chronotropic and inotropic effects of endothelin isopeptides in mammalian cardiac muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 273, no. 1 (1997): H119—H127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.273.1.h119.

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In isolated rabbit right atria, endothelin (ET) isopeptides ET-1 and ET-3 elicited a concentration-dependent negative chronotropic effect (NCE) in the presence of isoproterenol (Iso): ET-1 was approximately 10 times more potent than ET-3. The NCE of ET-1 was abolished by the ETA- and ETB-receptor antagonist TAK-044 (1 microM) or the ETA-receptor antagonist BQ-123 (10 microM), but it was not affected by the ETB-receptor antagonist RES-701-1 or BQ-788. ET-1 decreased the adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) level in the presence of Iso in rabbit atria. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (P

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33

&NA;. "Atropine can prevent and reverse the negative chronotropic effect of fingolimod in healthy volunteers,." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1221 (2008): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200812210-00011.

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&NA;. "Atropine can prevent and reverse the negative chronotropic effect of fingolimod in healthy volunteers,." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1657 (2008): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200816570-00018.

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35

Kaschube, M., and H. Brasch. "Negative chronotropic but no antiarrhythmic effect of (+)- and (-)-naloxone in rats and guinea pigs." Cardiovascular Research 25, no. 3 (1991): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/25.3.230.

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36

Yamakawa, Hideyuki, Motoshi Takeuchi, Hideyuki Takaoka, Katsuya Hata, Masuki Mori та Mitsuhiro Yokoyama. "Negative Chronotropic Effect of β-Blockade Therapy Reduces Myocardial Oxygen Expenditure for Nonmechanical Work". Circulation 94, № 3 (1996): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.94.3.340.

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Alves, Naiane Ferraz Bandeira, Suênia Karla Pacheco Porpino, Aline De Freitas Brito, et al. "Autonomic modulation and chronotropic activity during aerobic exercise in patients using atenolol." ConScientiae Saúde 10, no. 1 (2011): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/conscientiaesaude/2011/v10n1/2567.

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Introduction: The negative chronotropic effect of beta-blockers (BB) can modify itself according to its pharmacokinetics. Objective: To investigate the influence of pharmacokinetics of beta-blockers in heart rate (HR) and autonomic activity (AA) in response to the exercise. Methods: Three groups of hypertensive patients, users of atenolol (n=9), enalapril, (n=8), and a normotensive control group (n=8), performed two sessions of moderate exercise on a cycloergometer, during 40 minutes, whereby 2 hours (Session I), or 23 hours after drug administration (Session II). Records of electrocardiogram

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Yamamoto, Shuji, Shin Kawana, Atsushi Miyamoto, Hideyo Ohshika, and Akiyoshi Namiki. "Propofol-induced Depression of Cultured Rat Ventricular Myocytes Is Related to the M2-acetylcholine Receptor–NO–cGMP Signaling Pathway." Anesthesiology 91, no. 6 (1999): 1712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199912000-00024.

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Background It is well-known that propofol sometimes causes bradycardia or asystole during anesthesia; however, the direct effect of propofol on the myocardium remains unclear. Previous reports showed the contribution of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors to propofol-induced bradycardia. Conversely, it was suggested recently that nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in mediating the effect of vagal stimulation in the autonomic regulation of the heart. Therefore, the authors investigated the effects of propofol on spontaneous contraction and NO production in cultured rat ventricular myocyte

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Kovarik, Joh M., Gilles-Jacques Riviere, Daniel Neddermann, Steve Maton, Thoma L. Hunt, and Rober L. Schmouder. "A Mechanistic Study to Assess Whether Isoproterenol Can Reverse the Negative Chronotropic Effect of Fingolimod." Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 48, no. 3 (2008): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270007312903.

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40

Li, Jin, Jihong Qu, and Richard D. Nathan. "Ionic basis of ryanodine’s negative chronotropic effect on pacemaker cells isolated from the sinoatrial node." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 273, no. 5 (1997): H2481—H2489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.273.5.h2481.

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Spontaneous electrical activity and indo 1 fluorescence ratios were recorded simultaneously in cultured pacemaker cells isolated from the rabbit sinoatrial node. Ryanodine (10 μM) reduced the amplitude of action potential-induced intracellular Ca2+([Formula: see text]) transients by 19 ± 3%, increased the time constant for their decay by 51 ± 5%, and slowed spontaneous firing by 32 ± 3%. 1,2-Bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane- N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA)-acetoxymethyl ester (AM; 25 μM) inhibited the [Formula: see text] transients and slowed spontaneous firing by 28 ± 4%. Ryanodine did not alt

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Ono, Kageyoshi, Haruko Masumiya, Aiji Sakamoto, et al. "Electrophysiological analysis of the negative chronotropic effect of endothelin‐1 in rabbit sinoatrial node cells." Journal of Physiology 537, no. 2 (2001): 467–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00467.x.

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42

Yamada, Mitsuhiko. "The Role of Muscarinic K+ Channels in the Negative Chronotropic Effect of a Muscarinic Agonist." Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 300, no. 2 (2002): 681–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/jpet.300.2.681.

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43

Ono, Kageyoshi, Koji Eto, Aiji Sakamoto, et al. "Negative Chronotropic Effect of Endothelin 1 Mediated Through ET A Receptors in Guinea Pig Atria." Circulation Research 76, no. 2 (1995): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.res.76.2.284.

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Coiado, Olivia C., and William D. O'Brien. "The Negative Chronotropic Effect in Rat Heart Stimulated by Ultrasonic Pulses: Role of Sex and Age." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 36, no. 4 (2017): 799–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.7863/ultra.16.02017.

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Coiado, Olivia, and William O'Brien. "2075085 Role Of Age In The Negative Chronotropic Effect Of Rat Heart Exposed To Ultrasonic Pulses." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 41, no. 4 (2015): S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.12.248.

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Fassina, G., R. M. Gaion, L. Caparrotta, and F. Carpenedo. "A caffeine analogue (1,3,7-trimethyl-6-thioxo-2-oxopurine) with a negative inotropic and chronotropic effect." Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 330, no. 3 (1985): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00572437.

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Rodríguez-Martínez, Martín, Iván A. Aréchiga-Figueroa, Eloy G. Moreno-Galindo, Ricardo A. Navarro-Polanco, and José A. Sánchez-Chapula. "Muscarinic-activated potassium current mediates the negative chronotropic effect of pilocarpine on the rabbit sinoatrial node." Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology 462, no. 2 (2011): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00424-011-0962-1.

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Rodrigues, Juliano Q. D., Henrique Camara, Aron Jurkiewicz, and Rosely O. Godinho. "Increased Gi protein signaling potentiates the negative chronotropic effect of adenosine in the SHR right atrium." Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 391, no. 5 (2018): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00210-018-1482-8.

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Zeka, Keti, Pasquale Marrazzo, Matteo Micucci, et al. "Activity of Antioxidants from Crocus sativus L. Petals: Potential Preventive Effects towards Cardiovascular System." Antioxidants 9, no. 11 (2020): 1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111102.

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Abstract:

The petals of the saffron crocus (Crocus sativus L.) are considered a waste material in saffron production, but may be a sustainable source of natural biologically active substances of nutraceutical interest. The aim of this work was to study the cardiovascular effects of kaempferol and crocin extracted from saffron petals. The antiarrhythmic, inotropic, and chronotropic effects of saffron petal extract (SPE), kaempferol, and crocin were evaluated through in vitro biological assays. The antioxidant activity of kaempferol and crocin was investigated through the 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein

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Lee, H. T., C. I. Thompson, J. Linden, and F. L. Belloni. "Differential sensitization of cardiac actions of adenosine in rats after chronic theophylline treatment." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 264, no. 5 (1993): H1634—H1643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1993.264.5.h1634.

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To determine the effect of chronic adenosine receptor blockade on atrial responsiveness, we administered theophylline to rats in their drinking water (0.6 mg/ml) for 2 wk. Inotropic and chronotropic responses to the adenosine receptor agonists N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) and 5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido)-adenosine (NECA) were then measured in isolated atria from treated and control animals. The indirect (antiadrenergic) actions of CPA and NECA on force and rate, measured during beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation by isoproterenol, were markedly sensitized (2- to 10-fold reductions in the agonist

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