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Journal articles on the topic 'Negative Marital Interaction'
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Doumas, Diana M., Gayla Margolin, and Richard S. John. "The Relationship Between Daily Marital Interaction, Work, and Health-Promoting Behaviors in Dual-Earner Couples." Journal of Family Issues 24, no. 1 (January 2003): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x02238518.
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This article examines the spillover and crossover patterns between an individual’s daily work experiences and health-promoting behaviors and daily marital interaction in 49 dual-earner couples. Husbands and wives separately completed daily diaries that included questions about work experiences, health-promoting behaviors, and marital interactions over 42 consecutive days. Pooled time series regression analyses were performed to examine transmission patterns between daily individual experiences and marital interaction. Spillover patterns were demonstrated from both individual experiences to marital interaction the same day and from marital interaction to individual experiences the next day. In general, spouses reported more positive marital interaction on days when they worked less, felt more energetic, ate more, and relaxed more. Spouses also reported working, eating, and relaxing more on days after husbands’ negative marital interaction was reported. Patterns of spillover also differed for husbands and wives, suggesting that wives may be more reactive to their husbands’ experiences and behaviors than vice versa.
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MacKINNON, CAROL E. "Influences on Sibling Relations in Families with Married and Divorced Parents." Journal of Family Issues 9, no. 4 (December 1988): 469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251388009004003.
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Two regression analyses were performed that tested the relationships between the amount of negative sibling interaction and the amount of positive sibling interaction and measures of relationship quality and family form. When measures of husband-wife, mother-child, and father-child relationship quality were controlled, marital status was not significantly related to either measure of sibling interactions. However, when the marital status of the parents (family form) was controlled, both the quality of husband-wife relationship and the quality of mother-child relationship were positively related to positive sibling interaction and negatively related to negative sibling interaction. Regardless of family form, the quality of other relationships in the family were important predictors of sibling interactions.
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Paudel, Anju, Elizabeth Galik, and Barbara Resnick. "FACTORS INFLUENCING STAFF-RESIDENT INTERACTIONS IN NURSING HOMES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1860.
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Abstract Staff-resident interaction is an integral part of daily life of nursing home residents and has an influence on residents’ well-being. However, less is known about the factors that influence these interactions. The purpose of this study was to describe the quality of interaction between staff and residents with dementia in nursing homes, and explore the factors associated with ‘positive’ and ‘negative/neutral’ interactions. This cross-sectional analysis utilized baseline data from the first two cohorts in a randomized clinical trial, EIT-4-BPSD, including 338 residents from 35 nursing homes. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to explore the factors associated with interactions. It was hypothesized that the resident factors (age, gender, race, marital status, cognition, comorbidities, depressive symptoms, agitation, functional status) and facility factors (facility ownership, facility size, RN hours, LPN hours, CNA hours, and star rating) would be associated with staff-resident interactions. The staff-resident interactions were mostly positive. Overall, the models for ‘positive interactions’ and ‘negative/neutral interactions’ correctly classified 82.8% and 85.3% of the cases respectively. Both ‘positive’ and ‘negative/neutral’ interactions were significantly associated with marital status, and profit status of the facility. Being married and living in a not for profit facility was associated with lower odds of positive interaction and higher odds of negative/neutral interaction. There is some evidence that marital status influences staff-resident interactions and that profit status of facilities are associated with staff resident interactions. Future studies could explore staff factors such as consistent assignment, job satisfaction, staff characteristics, and training.
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Budiharto, Widodo, Meliana Meliana, and Pingkan C.B. Rumondor. "Counselove: Marital Counseling Android-based Application to Promote Marital Satisfaction." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i1.pp542-550.
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This paper presents the development of Android-based framework for improving marital satisfaction. Classic research in psychology found that stability of marriage is based on the ability to create and maintain a positive interaction ratio five times more than negative interactions. Based on that, we present Counselove, a mobile application intended to record information of daily positive behaviors (joking, showing affection) of couples who use the application. We propose a method where the apps can determine users’ marital satisfaction level and also can help users increasing their marital satisfaction based on the relationship satisfaction questionnaire and the assessment of user’s self reported behaviors to their partners using fuzzy logic. The experimental results shown the application is running well on mobile devices based on Android platform. Lastly, we provide result of in depth interview with two users. Further research and development of the Counselove apps are discussed.
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Kim, Yijung, Kyungmin Kim, and Karen Fingerman. "Irritated and Feeling Better? Aging Parents’ Marital Status and Daily Interaction With Grown Children." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2188.
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Abstract Aging parents’ marital status shapes their ties to family members, but less is known about its link to their daily mood and interaction with grown children. This study examined married, widowed, or divorced/separated aging parents (N = 203, Mage = 79.80) from the Family Exchanges Study, who completed a 7-day daily diary on their daily mood (positive, negative) and interactions (any contact, irritable, enjoyable interaction) with the grown children (N = 771, Mage = 53.20). Findings from multilevel models indicated that widowed parents were more likely to report irritable interactions with their grown children than the married ones. Furthermore, married and widowed parents tended to report more negative mood, whereas separated parents tended to report less negative mood on days they had irritable interactions with grown children. This study highlights the centrality of aging parents’ daily interaction with grown children and suggests that the dynamics of family composition warrant attention.
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Griffin, William A. "Transitions from negative affect during marital interaction: Husband and wife differences." Journal of Family Psychology 6, no. 3 (1993): 230–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.6.3.230.
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PASCH, LAURI A., THOMAS N. BRADBURY, and JOANNE DAVILA. "Gender, negative affectivity, and observed social support behavior in marital interaction." Personal Relationships 4, no. 4 (December 1997): 361–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1997.tb00151.x.
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Newton, Tamara L., and Janine M. Sanford. "Conflict structure moderates associations between cardiovascular reactivity and negative marital interaction." Health Psychology 22, no. 3 (2003): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.22.3.270.
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MIZELL, C. ANDRÉ, and LALA CARR STEELMAN. "All My Children." Journal of Family Issues 21, no. 7 (October 2000): 858–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251300021007003.
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In this research, we investigate how children shape maternal marital happiness. The findings reveal that the otherwise negative effects of sibship size are altered by the gender composition of the sibling group. Having sons tends to reduce the negative impact of sibling group size. Solving for main effects in the interactions that include sibship size by the gender composition of the sibling group, we find that having all sons affords the most beneficial consequences for marital happiness. The daughter-only groups have nonsignificant effects, and the mixed-gender sibships have the most deleterious influence on maternal marital happiness. Within a subsample of mixed-gender sibships only, we further find that mothers who have more boys than girls are more likely to report higher marital gratification. Generally speaking, our research demonstrates the need to examine both main and interaction effects of family structure on marital happiness.
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Robles, Theodore F., Victoria A. Shaffer, William B. Malarkey, and Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser. "Positive behaviors during marital conflict: Influences on stress hormones." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 23, no. 2 (April 2006): 305–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407506062482.
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To examine the independent and interactive contribution of positive and negative behaviors during marital conflict to changes in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol, behavioral and endocrine data were collected from 90 newlywed couples during a 30-minute conflict task. Positive and negative behaviors were coded by the Marital Interaction Coding System. High levels of husbands' positive behavior and high couple negativity were related to steeper ACTH and cortisol declines in wives. Low levels of wives' positive behavior and high couple negativity were related to flatter declines in wives' cortisol. Supportiveness during highly negative interactions contributed to steeper ACTH and cortisol declines in wives, suggesting that constructively engaging in discussions promotes adaptive physiological responses to interpersonal conflict.
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Cohan, Catherine L., and Thomas N. Bradbury. "Negative life events, marital interaction, and the longitudinal course of newlywed marriage." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73, no. 1 (1997): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.73.1.114.
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Wilmoth, Joe D., Abigail D. Blaney, and Jennifer R. Smith. "Marital Satisfaction, Negative Interaction, and Religiosity: A Comparison of Three Age Groups." Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging 27, no. 2-3 (May 26, 2015): 222–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15528030.2014.997955.
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WHITE, LYNN K., ALAN BOOTH, and JOHN N. EDWARDS. "Children and Marital Happiness." Journal of Family Issues 7, no. 2 (June 1986): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251386007002002.
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This study examines the causal processes that lead to the widely observed negative association between presence of children and marital happiness. Using a nationwide panel of 1535 married individuals, we find support for two primary causal mechanisms. First, the presence of children is associated with differences in marital structure (lower interaction, more dissatisfaction with finances and the division of labor, and more traditionalism of the division of labor) that are, in turn, associated with lower marital happiness. We also find, however, that the relationship between marital happiness and children is partially spurious. The presence of preschoolers and especially the birth of a first child serve to reduce the likelihood that unhappily married people will divorce within a three-year period. As a result, a larger proportion of unhappily married people is retained temporarily in the parent population and thus contributes to the observed negative relation between presence of children and marital happiness.
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Cardoso, Bruno Luiz Avelino, and Nazaré Costa. "Marital Social Skills and Marital Satisfaction of Women in Situations of Violence." Psico-USF 24, no. 2 (April 2019): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712019240207.
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Abstract Marital Social Skills (MSS) are related to Marital Satisfaction (MS). However, abusive relationships present a deficit in the use of health strategies for conflict management and damages to those involved. This study evaluated in 23 women, with an average age of 35 years, in situations of intimate partner violence, the MSS, MS and the forms of violence suffered. For this, it used the MSS Inventory, MS Scale and a Violence Questionnaire. The results showed a predominance of psychological violence, a high level of marital dissatisfaction and a deficient repertoire of MSS. Negative correlation was identified between MSS, Proactive Self-Control and Marital Dissatisfaction; positive correlation between Assertive Conversation and Marital Dissatisfaction (and Marital Interaction) and negative correlation between Self-Assertiveness, Proactive Self-Control and situations of violence. Thus, the importance of specific MSS training for this population and the understanding of the nature of assertive responses in the sociocultural context is noted.
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Henry, Nancy J. M., Cynthia A. Berg, Timothy W. Smith, and Paul Florsheim. "Positive and negative characteristics of marital interaction and their association with marital satisfaction in middle-aged and older couples." Psychology and Aging 22, no. 3 (September 2007): 428–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.22.3.428.
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Whitton, Sarah W., P. Antonio Olmos-Gallo, Scott M. Stanley, Lydia M. Prado, Galena H. Kline, Michelle St. Peters, and Howard J. Markman. "Depressive symptoms in early marriage: Predictions from relationship confidence and negative marital interaction." Journal of Family Psychology 21, no. 2 (June 2007): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.21.2.297.
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Islami, Hatixhe. "Resolving Marital Conflicts." SEEU Review 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/seeur-2017-0005.
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Abstract Couple relations are characterized as relations of an intimate nature dominated by constant interaction or strong interdependence and mutual influence of intense feelings between spouses. In marriages where there is conflict, there are typical examples of interaction, which result in high proportion of negative communicative acts that affect the quality of marital relationships such as: loss of confidence, the emergence of frustration, feelings of anxiety, discomfort, leading to escalation of marital conflicts. Communication as a variable has a large impact on the resolution of marital conflicts. The obtained results of our research indicate that the choice of different strategies of behavior in conflict situations among our respondents primarily depend on: the degree of persistence in the pursuit of its own interests and level of cooperation in addressing the interests of others. In accordance with the model of behavior in conflict situations, spouses also chose the styles for resolving them. Spouses who perceive (consider) that they communicate openly unlike spouses who do not practice open communication, use the competition as a model of behavior in conflict situations and support rivalry as a style for conflict resolution. The choice of rivalry style as a style for resolving marital conflicts, among our respondents appears as a reflection of expressed wish for having an open fight for the realization of their interests, especially when it comes to the limitation of their rights by their spouses, failure to fulfill the emotional needs (lack of love, care, attention, understanding). But, the duration of the marital relationship as a dimension does not affect the use of certain styles for resolving marital conflicts among our respondents.
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Leinonen, Jenni A., Tytti S. Solantaus, and Raija-Leena Punamäki. "The specific mediating paths between economic hardship and the quality of parenting." International Journal of Behavioral Development 26, no. 5 (September 2002): 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250143000364.
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Finland, one of the welfare states of northern Europe, faced an exceptionally deep economic recession at the beginning of the 1990s. Based on the Family Stress Model (Conger & Elder, 1994) we studied specific mediating paths between economic hardship and the different domains of parenting in 527 mother-father-child triads. The results show that economic hardship created economic pressures for both parents. For fathers, both the general and specific pressures were further associated with symptoms of anxiety and social dysfunction, whereas for mothers, only the specific economic pressures were negatively reflected in mental health by increasing depressing mood and anxiety symptoms. Paternal anxiety was then associated with hostile marital interaction, perceived by the wife, and maternal anxiety with low marital support, perceived by the husband. The negative marital interaction finally was associated with poor parenting, especially among the fathers. Fathers’ anxiety was also directly related to their punitive and noninvolved fathering, and social dysfunction to noninvolved fathering. Depressive symptoms in mothers were negatively reflected in authoritative mothering. Finally, the results revealed that supportive and nonhostile marital interaction was able to moderate the negative impact of economic hardship on parenting. The findings suggest that mothers and fathers fulfil gendered roles in dealing with the family economy and relationships.
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LEE, Bong-Eun, Sei-Kyung KIM, and Seong-Moon CHEON. "Actor and Partner Effects of Couples’ Self-Differentiation and Negative Interaction on Marital Satisfaction." JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION 29, no. 5 (October 31, 2017): 1501–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.13000/jfmse.2017.29.5.1501.
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Lee, Sung-Ha, Jiyoun Lee, and Incheol Choi. "Life Satisfaction in Later Life: The Interplay of Marital Condition and Income among Elderly Koreans." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 3483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083483.
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Although both marital status and economic conditions significantly contribute to life satisfaction in later life, the effect of their interaction (or moderating) on life satisfaction has been understudied. Our goal was to examine whether marriage buffers the negative consequences of low income among elderly people. Using two large national survey datasets, the Korean Community Health Survey (n = 126,936) and the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) (n = 5687), we examined the relationship between household income, marital condition (marital status and marital satisfaction), and life satisfaction in Korean adults over 50. We found that increases in life satisfaction among individuals aged 50 and over were associated with higher income, marital status, and spousal satisfaction. We also determined that the beneficial effects of marriage, as well as marital quality, on life satisfaction are stronger in men. Moreover, separated/divorced status, but not bereavement or single status, moderated the effects of household income, such that the adverse effects of poverty were particularly pronounced among those who were separated/divorced. Furthermore, spousal satisfaction also moderated the effect of household income on life satisfaction among married men, indicating that marital satisfaction amplifies the effect of favorable economic conditions on life satisfaction. Because economic condition and relationship status are two key determinants of life satisfaction, understanding their interactions can improve overall predictions of life satisfaction.
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Hochgraf, Anna K., and Susan M. McHale. "Honey, do I look fat? Perceptions of spouses’ weight and weight concerns predict marital relationship quality." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37, no. 3 (October 15, 2019): 865–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407519880961.
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The majority of adults in the U.S. are overweight or obese, and yet Western ideals of beauty include low body fat composition as a component of physical attractiveness. In turn, perceived discrepancies between actual and ideal body shape and weight mean that many adults experience weight concerns—and they also may be dissatisfied with their spouse’s weight. This study examined whether weight concerns were linked to romantic relationship quality, an important domain of adult development. Specifically, we applied the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model to test how wives’ and husbands’ weight concerns and perceptions of their spouses’ overweight contributed to their own and their spouse’s reports of marital satisfaction and conflict over time. The sample was 197 heterosexual married couples ( Mage = 40.85 and 42.81 years for wives and husbands, respectively; Mlength of marriage = 18.6 years at Time 1) with children, who participated in a short-term longitudinal study of family relationships and adolescent development. Two-way interactions between partner perceptions of spouses’ weight and gender indicated that husbands’ perceptions that their wives were overweight predicted decreases in wives’ marital satisfaction and increases in wives’ reports of marital conflict across 1 year. In contrast, wives’ perceptions of husbands’ weight were not associated with changes in husbands’ marital satisfaction or conflict. A two-way interaction between actor and partner weight concerns indicated that individuals reported more marital conflict when there was a discrepancy between their own and their spouse’s weight concerns. Finally, a two-way interaction between actor and partner perceptions of spouse’s weight indicated that, for individuals whose spouses rated them as below ideal weight, their perceptions of the spouse’s overweight predicted their own lower marital satisfaction. Findings suggest that concerns about one’s own and one’s spouse’s weight have negative ramifications for marital relationships.
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Katz, Lynn Fainsilber, and John M. Gottman. "Vagal tone protects children from marital conflict." Development and Psychopathology 7, no. 1 (1995): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400006350.
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AbstractIn a previous article we reported linkages between marital hostility and children's externalizing behavior problems (Katz & Gottman, 1993). In this paper we examined whether individual differences in children's ability to regulate emotion (as indexed by vagal tone, a physiological measure of parasympathetic nervous system activity) could buffer children from the deleterious effects of marital hostility. Observational data was collected on 56 families during marital interaction when the children were 5 years-old. Baseline recordings of children's cardiac interbeat interval were also obtained for computations of vagal tone. Teacher ratings of children's behavior problems were obtained 3 years later when the children were on average 8 years old. Results indicated that children with low vagal tone showed a strong link between the amount of marital hostility displayed by their parents and subsequent displays of children's externalizing behavior. There was no relationship between marital hostility and children's externalizing for children with high vagal tone, suggesting that high vagal tone can buffer children from the negative effects of marital hostility.
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Mostert, Karina, and GR Oldfield. "Work-home interaction of employees in the mining industry." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 12, no. 1 (August 12, 2011): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v12i1.262.
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This study aimed to test the construct validity, factorial invariance and reliability of the Survey Work-Home Interaction-NijmeGen (SWING) and to explore whether and how the work-home interaction of various socio-demographic groups differ. Random samples (n = 320) were taken of employees in the mining industry. The confirmatory factor analysis results supported the proposed four-factor structure measuring negative/positive work-home interference and negative/positive home-work interference. The multi-group invariance analyses’ results for two language and ethnic groups also supported the factorial invariance of the SWING. All the scales were found to be reliable. Statistically significant differences in work-home interaction were found, based on age, ethnicity, gender, education, marital status, parental status, language, flexibility at work and individuals who had a partner with a paid job.
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M. Beard, Selena, and Michael R. Langlais. "Saying “I Do” in College: Examining Marital Status and Academic Performance." International Journal of Psychological Studies 10, no. 4 (October 30, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v10n4p34.
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Marriage as an undergraduate student is not the norm, as only 7% of undergraduate students are married. Therefore, marital status may have negative consequences for college students’ academic performance, as they navigate marital roles simultaneously with other roles, such as that of student. However, relationship quality may predict how well undergraduates perform academically, with individuals in higher quality marriages performing better than those in lower quality marriages. Thus, the goal of this study is to examine how marital status predicts academic performance and whether or not relationship quality moderates this association. Data for this study comes from an online survey of undergraduate students from a university in the Midwestern United States (N = 111, 81.1% female, 87.4% White/Caucasian, 21.2% married). Results revealed that marital status is negatively associated with cumulative grade point average (GPA) and perception of GPA. There were no significant effects of relationship satisfaction, relationship communication, or the interaction of relationship quality and marital status for academic performance. Implications for academic performance and young adult development will be discussed.
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Denysenko, A. "PECULIARITIES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL READINESS OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS FOR MARITAL RELATIONSHIPS." Herald of Kiev Institute of Business and Technology 43, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37203/kibit.2020.43.11.
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The article is devoted to the study of peculiarities of manifestation of adolescent girls’ psychological readiness for marital relationships. The problem of psychological readiness for marital relations continues to be quite acute nowadays. As current experience confirms, the institution of the family has lost its importance, in particular, family and cultural values have been depreciated, family functions and role behaviour of spouses have been changed, which negatively affects the life of the family. The alternative forms of marriage have emerged, which cannot be a solid support for a strong and happy family. With due regard for the urgency of the problem, we set ourselves the goal of studying the level of psychological readiness of adolescent girls for marital relationships. The purpose of the study is to analyze the essence of psychological readiness for marital relations, to systemize its main types and factors, as well as to investigate the features of its manifestation among adolescent girls. According to scientific literature, the study of psychological readiness for marital relations is carried out mainly fragmentarily. Under this concept, we mean a relatively steady state of personality, which characterizes a certain system of social attitudes, family values, oriented towards a positive interaction between spouses. Its leading types include communicative, emotional-intimate, moral-ethical and other types of readiness. The basic factors that determine the psychological readiness for marital relationships are being described: motives for marriage, love, family values, interaction, adaptive capability, emotional maturity, psychological compatibility, age of marriage, etc. The study found that most girls had a low level of psychological readiness for marital relationships, especially at the age of 20. Indicators that affect its non-formation are revealed, specifically, negative attitudes to marriage, family stereotypes, authoritarianism, sexual love, lack of mutual understanding and trust. The performed research allowed us to present urgent questions for further study of the problem, for example, to study the significant influence of ethnic traditions on psychological readiness for marital relationships; to develop a comprehensive social-psychological program focused on the systematic formation of psychological readiness for marital relationships at all ages.
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Archuleta, Kristy L., Sonya L. Britt, Teresa J. Tonn, and John E. Grable. "Financial Satisfaction and Financial Stressors in Marital Satisfaction." Psychological Reports 108, no. 2 (April 2011): 563–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/07.21.pr0.108.2.563-576.
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Using a sample of 310 married respondents from one U.S. Midwestern state, a test was conducted to examine the association of financial satisfaction and financial stressors in a spouse's decision to stay married to the same person or leave the relationship. The role of demographic and socioeconomic variables, religiosity, psychological constructs, financial satisfaction, and financial stressors as factors influencing marital satisfaction was tested. Financial stressors were measured using a list of financial stressors adapted from the literature. Financial satisfaction was measured with a one-item scale. The Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale was used as a validation tool to assess whether individuals would marry or not marry again. Religiosity and financial satisfaction were positively associated with marital satisfaction. A negative interaction between financial satisfaction and financial stressors was also noted. Findings suggest that respondents who are financially satisfied tend to be more stable in their marriages.
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Marini, Christina M., Lynn M. Martire, Dusti R. Jones, Ruixue Zhaoyang, and Orfeu M. Buxton. "Daily Links Between Sleep and Anger Among Spouses of Chronic Pain Patients." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 5 (October 4, 2018): 927–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby111.
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Abstract Objectives This study identified daily associations between sleep, emotion, and marital functioning in the context of chronic pain. Because spouses’ sleep is compromised on nights when patients experience more pain, we set out to identify implications of spouses’ sleep for their own emotion (anger) upon waking and marital interaction (marital tension) throughout the rest of the day. We further considered whether spouses’ critical attitudes about patients’ pain-related coping exacerbated associations between their sleep, morning anger, and marital tension. Method Data came from a study of knee osteoarthritis patients (50+ years old) and spouses (N = 138 couples) who completed daily diaries across 22 days. Multilevel models were estimated to test hypotheses. Results Spouses woke up angrier on mornings when they reported that their sleep was more unrefreshing than usual. This association was stronger among more critical spouses. Morning anger resulting from unrefreshing sleep, however, did not predict marital tension throughout the rest of the day. Discussion Findings highlight the potential value of intervention efforts aimed at promoting spouses’ sleep quality in an effort to offset negative emotional consequences that may undermine spouses’ and patients’ adjustment in the context of chronic pain.
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Obradović, Jelena, Nicole R. Bush, and W. Thomas Boyce. "The interactive effect of marital conflict and stress reactivity on externalizing and internalizing symptoms: The role of laboratory stressors." Development and Psychopathology 23, no. 1 (January 24, 2011): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579410000672.
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AbstractGrowing evidence supports the biological sensitivity to context theory, which posits that physiologically reactive children, as indexed by autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity to laboratory stressors, are more susceptible to both negative and positive environmental influences than their low reactive peers. High biological sensitivity is a risk factor for behavioral and health problems in the context of high adversity, whereas in contexts of low adversity it has been found to promote positive adaptation. However, several studies have shown the opposite effect, finding that children who exhibited high ANS reactivity in response to interpersonal stressors were buffered from the deleterious effects of marital conflict, whereas children who showed low ANS reactivity were more vulnerable to high levels of marital conflict. Using an ethnically diverse sample of 260 kindergartners (130 girls, 130 boys), the current study investigated whether the interaction effect of marital conflict and the two branches of ANS reactivity on children's externalizing and internalizing symptoms differs with the nature of the laboratory challenge task used to measure children's stress response. As hypothesized, results indicate that the interaction between ANS reactivity and marital conflict significantly predicted children's behavior problems, but the direction of the effect varied with the nature of the challenge task (i.e., interpersonal or cognitive). This study illustrates the importance of considering the effect of laboratory stimuli when assessing whether children's ANS reactivity moderates the effects of adversity exposure on adaptation.
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Stimpson, Jim P., Fernando A. Wilson, and M. Kristen Peek. "Marital Status, the Economic Benefits of Marriage, and Days of Inactivity due to Poor Health." International Journal of Population Research 2012 (August 27, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/568785.
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Purpose. This study explored whether the economic benefits of marriage mediate the association between marriage and health and if that relationship is conditional on the level of shared economic resources. Methods. Pooled, cross-sectional data from NHANES 2001–2006 were analyzed using multivariate zero-inflated negative binomial regression for the number of days of inactivity due to poor physical or mental health. Results. Persons that were divorced/separated reported the highest average number of days of inactivity (mean = 2.5) within a 30 day period, and married persons reported the lowest number of days of inactivity (mean = 1.4). Multivariate results indicated that widowed persons did not report significantly more days of inactivity than married persons. Income to poverty ratio reduced the size and eliminated statistical significance of the difference between divorced/separated and never married marital statuses compared to married persons. The interaction effect for marital status and income to poverty ratio was statistically significant suggesting that the relationship between marital status and inactivity is conditional on shared income. Conclusion. Marriage confers health protective benefits in part through pooled income relative to other marital statuses.
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Campbell, Susan B., Elizabeth W. Pierce, Cynthia L. March, and Linda J. Ewing. "Noncompliant behavior, overactivity, and family stress as predictors of negative maternal control with preschool children." Development and Psychopathology 3, no. 2 (April 1991): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400000067.
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AbstractThe independent contributions of preschool children's noncompliance and overactivity/inattention and measures of family stress to the prediction of negative maternal control were examined in two cohorts of children. In Cohort 1, children's noncompliant and hyperactive behavior each predicted more negative maternal control, whereas in Cohort 2, the interaction between noncompliance and overactivity was predictive of particularly high levels of negative control. In Cohort 2, stressful life events, maternal depression, and marital distress were also associated with negative maternal control. Stressful life events interacted with noncompliance indicating that the combination of a difficult child and a high level of family stress exacerbated the tendency of mothers of preschool children to exert negative control to gain compliance. Results indicate that factors external to the mother-child relationship exert an independent influence on maternal behavior.
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Campbell, Susan B., Elizabeth W. Pierce, Cynthia L. March, and Linda J. Ewing. "Noncompliant behavior, overactivity, and family stress as predictors of negative maternal control with preschool children." Development and Psychopathology 3, no. 2 (April 1991): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400005228.
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AbstractThe independent contributions of preschool children's noncompliance and overactivity/inattention and measures of family stress to the prediction of negative maternal control were examined in two cohorts of children. In Cohort 1, children's noncompliant and hyperactive behavior each predicted more negative maternal control, whereas in Cohort 2, the interaction between noncompliance and overactivity was predictive of particularly high levels of negative control. In Cohort 2, stressful life events, maternal depression, and marital distress were also associated with negative maternal control. Stressful life events interacted with noncompliance indicating that the combination of a difficult child and a high level of family stress exacerbated the tendency of mothers of preschool children to exert negative control to gain compliance. Results indicate that factors external to the mother-child relationship exert an independent influence on maternal behavior.
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Kim, Yukyeong, Hyejeen Lee, and HyungIn Park. "Relationships between role overload and work engagement among employees." Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 31, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 249–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v31i1.249-279.
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This study investigated the mechanisms of the relationships between role overload and three dimensions of work engagement. It was hypothesized that psychological detachment would mediate the relationship between role overload and work engagement, and the indirect effect of role overload on work engagement through psychological detachment would be conditional on job crafting and marital status. Consistent with our hypothesis, the moderating effect of job crafting on the relationship between role overload and psychological detachment was significant in a sample of 446 workers. That is, job crafting alleviated the negative impact of role overload on psychological detachment. The interaction between marital status and psychological detachment was also significant for vigor; however, the direction was different from what was expected. For the married, vigor was relatively constant regardless of the level of psychological detachment, but for the unmarried, the more the psychological detachment the lower the vigor. In addition, this difference was observed more for women than men. In case of women, marital status also moderated the relationship between psychological detachment and dedication. Although the direction was unexpected, there was a conditional indirect effect of role overload on vigor and dedication through psychological detachment depending on the level of job crafting and marital status combined with sex differences. There was no conditional indirect effect for absorption. Implications and limitations of this study, and future research directions were discussed.
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Udofia, Asuquo. "Factors Influencing Marital Satisfaction Among Couples in Lartebiokoshie, Accra, Chana." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH 8, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.08.01.art001.
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The study examined the interaction of three variables, intimacy, self-esteem, and locus of control, and their effect on marital satisfaction in Lartebiokoshie a suburb under the Ablekuma South Constituency in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana. Across sectional survey method was adopted to study the variables of interest. Standardized questionnaires were used to assess all variables of interest. Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) and Locus of Control of Behavior scale (LCB) were utilized. Data entry, validation and analysis was done using the Statistical package for Social Science software (SPSS version 25). A total of 720 purposively selected participants took part in the research. The sample was predominantly female, 430 (60%) and Christian, 675 (94%). The modal age group for respondents and spouses was 31-45 years 387(54%) and 400 (56%) respectively. Study participants who were married by ordinance comprised 400 (56%). One hundred and fifty study participants (21%) had the same ethnicity with their spouses and the mean years of marriage was 13.1510.70. The result of the study revealed a significant positive correlation between intimacy and marital satisfaction [r(718) = .460, p< .000], a no significant correlation between locus of control and marital satisfaction [r(718) = .041, p>.05], a negative correlation between self-esteem and marital satisfaction variables [r(718) = -.027, p> .05]. Partner intimacy for to-be-wed couples should be promoted within appropriate and approved settings due to the significant influence demonstrated in this research.
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Wilmoth, Joe, and Muhammad Riaz. "Religious Activities, Christian Media Consumption and Marital Quality among Protestants." Religions 10, no. 2 (February 18, 2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10020119.
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Although associations between religiosity and marital quality have been demonstrated in previous research, mechanisms still remain unclear. Three 3-step hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine whether 10 individual, dyadic or family religious activities or uses of 7 forms of Christian media predicted positive relationship quality, negative interaction and intimate partner violence in a sample of North American Protestants. Joint spousal and family religious activities predicted higher levels of relationship quality. Individual activities, such as reading the Bible, and parent-child activities, such as praying with children and discussing Christians values with children, predicted lower levels of relationship quality. Listening to Christian talk radio and viewing Christian websites or blogs predicted lower levels of relationship quality. The authors inferred that individuals in low-quality relationships use activities such as reading the Bible, listening to Christian talk radio, and viewing Christian websites and blogs to seek information to improve relationships or promote healthy adaptation. Similarly, the authors speculated that praying with children and discussing spiritual values with them were seen as interventionary measures to protect children when parents were in low-quality relationships.
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Gottman, John M. "What the study of relationships has to say about emotion research." Social Science Information 40, no. 1 (March 2001): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901801040001005.
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Following a brief overview of the history of the study of relationships and marital problems, the author challenges the widespread conclusion from prior research that partners in a distressed marriage are simply more negative toward one another than partners in non-distressed relationships (as well as the implication that it is sufficient to encourage couples in conflictual relationships to be more positive to each other). The author summarizes a large amount of work from his laboratory (conducted in collaboration with Robert Levenson, and using observational methods as well as psychophysiological recording) that shows that the sequential patterns of affective interchange partners show in non-conflict contexts may regulate affect in conflict contexts. The data show that these stable affective interaction patterns predict marital happiness and stability or divorce. Based on these empirical research findings, the author suggests that only a proper “relationship science” can do justice to the complexity of the issues and generate plausible suggestions for policy implementations in the future.
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Oosthuizen, R. M., M. Coetzee, and Z. Munro. "Work-life balance, job satisfaction and turnover intention amongst information technology employees." Southern African Business Review 20, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 446–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1998-8125/6059.
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Talent retention is of particular concern in the information technology (IT) sector owing to globalisation, the skills shortage and rapidly advancing technology. Employee turnover has significant costs and negative consequences for organisations. The objective of this study was to explore the association between employees’ experiences of work-life balance (as measured by the Survey Work-Home Interaction- Nijmegen), job satisfaction (as measured by the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire) and their turnover intention (as measured by the Turnover Intention Scale). A random sample of 79 permanently employed salaried employees in a South African IT company participated in the study. The participants were represented by predominantly white and married people between the ages of 26 and 45 and people with more than 10 years’ tenure. Regression analysis showed that experiences of negative work-home interaction and positive work-home interaction significantly predicted job satisfaction and turnover intention. Job satisfaction also significantly predicted turnover intention. However, no interaction effect was observed between overall work-life balance and job satisfaction in predicting turnover intention. White employees had significantly stronger experiences of job satisfaction and negative home-work interface, while black employees had significantly stronger positive experiences of home-work interface and lower levels of job satisfaction. White and black employees, marital status and tenure groups differed significantly regarding their job satisfaction. Talent retention strategies should consider the relationships between work-life balance, job satisfaction and turnover intention.
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Schag, C. A., P. A. Ganz, M. L. Polinsky, C. Fred, K. Hirji, and L. Petersen. "Characteristics of women at risk for psychosocial distress in the year after breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 11, no. 4 (April 1993): 783–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1993.11.4.783.
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PURPOSE To provide a detailed description of rehabilitation problems of women, considered to be low risk and at risk for psychosocial morbidity, diagnosed with stage I and II breast cancer 1 month and 1 year after primary treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS A sample of 227 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients were systematically interviewed by a clinical social worker and classified for risk of psychosocial distress in the year after diagnosis. They completed a battery of standardized instruments to assess quality of life (QL), rehabilitation needs, and psychologic distress. The primary QL instrument, the Cancer Rehabilitation Evaluation System (CARES), provides a detailed listing of rehabilitation needs. Descriptive CARES data are presented with comparisons between the two groups. RESULTS The at-risk women had significantly more problems with greater severity than the low-risk women in all areas (physical, psychosocial, medical interaction, sexual, and marital). While both groups showed improvement over the year following diagnosis, the at-risk group had significantly more problems 1 year later. Many physical problems subside, but problems at the local surgical site, psychologic distress, communication with marital partners, and negative body image are more persistent in the at-risk group 1 year later, while half of both groups continue to have sexual dysfunction. CONCLUSION The detailed listing of problems provided by the CARES may be helpful to clinicians in their interactions with patients. The need for preventive and early intervention for the at-risk patients is underscored.
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Rodríguez Franco, Norma Idalia, and José Moral de la Rubia. "Oral Health Impact Profile Scale Applied to Periodontal Disease: Relationship with Sociodemographic Variables in General Population and Clinic Samples from Monterrey, Mexico." Open Dentistry Journal 12, no. 1 (December 13, 2018): 1152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601812011152.
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Background:The Oral Health Impact Profile applied to Periodontal Disease (OHIP-14-PD) shows good metric properties and great potential for its application in research and clinical practice.Objective:To evaluate OHIP-14-PD capability to detect associations with sociodemographic variables, to verify whether the OHIP-14-PD can differentiate between a General Population Sample (GPS) and a Dental Clinic Sample (DCS), and to establish whether there are interaction effects between the two samples and sociodemographic variables.Methods:The OHIP-14-PD was applied to two non-probability samples of 249 dental patients and 256 general adult population from Monterrey, Mexico. A validation study was done with a non-experimental cross-sectional design.Results:Occupation and age were related to OHIP-14-PD, although this last variable was redundant with the first one. In the GPS, the subjective socioeconomic status had a negative correlation with the OHIP-14-PD, but not in the DCS. The marital status showed significant association in DCS and significant interaction with the samples. Being married acted as a risk factor in the DCS, but as a protective factor in the GPS. Sex and education level were independent of the OHIP-14-PD. The expectation of discriminant validity of the OHIP-14-PD between the two samples was confirmed.Conclusion:We conclude that the OHIP-14-PD presented evidence of discriminant validity. Its relation to sociodemographic variables was limited, being more related to occupation and marital status.
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Aziz, Dewi Sukma Nurul, and Diah Krinatuti. "COGNITIVE FUNCTION, SOCIAL INTERACTION, AND SELF CONCEPT OF ELDERLY WIDOWS AND WIDOWERS." Journal of Family Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jfs.2.2.1-10.
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<p>The final stage of life in the elderly experienced changes of physical, psychological, or social that can effect instability of self concept. The aim of this research was to analyzed the effect of cognitive function, social interaction to self concept of elderly widows and widowers. The location of this research in Timbulharjo village, Sewon sub-district, Bantul district, Yogyakarta who chosen purposively with the consideration of the region which have the most elderly. The sample of this research was the elderly people aged more than 60 years old that have been abandoned by partner of life during grater than or equal to 2 years a go. Sample total of this research were 30 elderly widows and 30 elderly widowers. This research showed that there were not difference of cognitive function and social interaction between of elderly widows and elderly widowers, however there was difference of self concept between of elderly widows and widowers. In addition, ages and education have correlation with cognitive function, and social interaction have correlation with self concept. Meanwhile, marital status have negative influence and social interaction have positive influence to self concept so that widows status can decrease self concept of elderly, and better social interaction than better of self concept of elderly.</p>
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Taylor, Harry, and Ann Nguyen. "Depressive Symptoms and Loneliness Among Black and White Older Adults: The Moderating Effects of Race." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.077.
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Abstract Loneliness is consistently linked to worse depression/depressive symptoms; however, few studies examined if this relationship varies by race. The purpose of this study was to determine if race moderated the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms among a nationally representative sample of older Black and White adults. Data come from the 2014 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) Core survey and Psychosocial Leave Behind Questionnaire; only Black and White older adults were included in the analysis (N=6,469). Depressive symptoms were operationalized by the CESD; however, the ‘felt lonely’ item was removed given concerns with collinearity. Loneliness was operationalized using the Hughes 3-Item Loneliness Scale. Sociodemographic variables included gender, age, education, household income, employment status, marital status, and living alone or with others. Furthermore, social support and negative interactions from family members and friends, and religious service attendance were included in the analysis. Lastly, we created an interaction term with race and loneliness. All analyses used survey weights to account for the complex multistage sampling design of the HRS. Missing data were multiply imputed. Older Blacks had higher rates of loneliness and depressive symptoms compared to older Whites. In multivariate analysis, we found race significantly moderated the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms while controlling for sociodemographic, social support, negative interaction, and religious attendance covariates. For both older Blacks and Whites, greater loneliness affected depressive symptoms; however, the effect was stronger among Whites than it was for Blacks. Findings can be used to create racially sensitive depression interventions.
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Suryaningsih, Endang Koni, and Meei Ling Gau. "Factor influence pre-marital pregnancy in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: a qualitative study." Journal of Health Technology Assessment in Midwifery 4, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31101/jhtam.1371.
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Getting pregnant before married will raise the multifaceted consequence that can affect to the maternal mental health. In Indonesia, the incident stigmatized as the negative event and particularly, female, will have insecure feeling in their own family as well as in the community. However, the studies have been recognized the predictors of getting pregnant before married among adult. This study aimed to explore the predictors of unwanted pregnancy among Indonesian adults. Qualitative approach has been established and in-depth interview has been applied.The researcher invited teenager who eligible such as female, aged under 18, and they got pregnant before married in Bantul Regency. The main resource of data was based on the local Civil Registry Office, and the secondary data based on headman of targeted districts. Sample sized is determined using snowball sampling. The researcher has assisted by health cadres for each districts for facilitating the process of data collection. To test the validity, triangulation has been used. The parents and partner of participants have participated in this study. The observation during interaction with participants also has been done to support the validity of the result. The researcher have found in relationship, lack of knowledge, and social, as well as lack of awareness from parents are the main factors influence to getting pregnant before married among teenager in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.The findings is important for parents to build positive communication with their adolescence children. The local Civil Registry Office need to consider to collaborate with health care provider to provide information on the consequence of pregnancy before married through the program of local Civil Registry Office goes to school. Nurse and midwives need to advocate an unexpected women to have access of health.
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Ta, Thi Minh Tam, Aron Zieger, Georg Schomerus, Tien Duc Cao, Michael Dettling, Xuan Tinh Do, Aditya Mungee, Albert Diefenbacher, Matthias C. Angermeyer, and Eric Hahn. "Influence of urbanity on perception of mental illness stigma: a population based study in urban and rural Hanoi, Vietnam." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 62, no. 8 (October 6, 2016): 685–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764016670430.
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Background and Aims: To examine, for the first time in Vietnam, whether urbanity of respondents among other socio-demographic factors affects the public perception of stigma attached to persons with mental illness in Hanoi. Methods: A general population-based survey was carried out in 2013 in the greater Hanoi area. The perception of stigma attached to people with mental illness was elicited using Link’s perceived discrimination and devaluation scale (PDDS) carried out in Vietnamese language. The survey sample ( n = 806) was stratified for gender, urban/rural location, age, household size and marital status, in accordance with the 2013 Vietnamese census. Results: Comparing the total score of the PDDS and its single items, we found less perceived stigma and discrimination among the rural population of Hanoi and in respondents who reported religious attainment to either Buddhism or Christianity. Logistic regression analyses found no significant influences of gender, age, household size or marital status regarding the perceived stigma toward persons with mental illness. Conclusion: Less negative perception of stigma attached to persons with mental illness that was observed among the rural population in the Hanoi area may be interpreted in the light of possibly more demanding living conditions in modern urban Vietnam with less opportunities for mentally ill patients and points toward a dynamic interaction with rapidly changing living conditions in Asian megacities.
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Pachana, Nancy A., Janni K. Leung, Paul A. Gardiner, and Deirdre McLaughlin. "Moderating effects of social engagement on driving cessation in older women." International Psychogeriatrics 28, no. 8 (March 22, 2016): 1237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216000211.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Driving cessation in later life is associated with depression. This study examines if social support can buffer the negative effects of driving cessation on older women's mental health.Methods:Participants were drawn from the 1921–1926 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) and included 4,075 older women (aged 76–87 years) who drove at baseline, following them for three years to assess driving cessation. The outcome variable was mental health, measured by the mental health index (MHI) of the SF-36. The explanatory variables were social support factors, including social interaction, whether the women were living alone or with others, and engagement in social activities. Control variables included age, country of birth, area of residence, ability to manage on income, marital status, and general health.Results:Main effect results showed that poor mental health was predicted by driving cessation, low levels of social interaction, and non-engagement in social activities. There was a significant interaction effect of driving status by social activities engagement on mental health. Women who remained active in their engagement of social activities were able to maintain a good level of mental health despite driving cessation.Conclusion:Engagement and participation in social activities can help older women who stopped driving maintain a good level of mental health.
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Krivonis, T. G. "Guilt as impact factor on family functioning in families with cancer patient." Medicine Today and Tomorrow 85, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/msz.2019.85.04.12.
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Cancer has a negative impact on the mental health not only patients but also their relatives. Based on ethical and deontological principles were examined 288 family members of cancer patient, 174 husbands and 114 wives. In the study used such diagnostic methods as Perceived Guilt Index and the Family Adaptation and Cohesion Scale (FACES-3), a clinical-psychological interview. It is determined, that cancer progression, the level of family adaptation and gender influenced on the intensity of guilt. The severity of situational guilt was higher than the severity of personal guilt in families with a cancer patient. For cancer guilt in the patient and its family members were a frequent manifestation of mental distress, but the progression of the disease was a significant factor in its actualization. Females were at increased risk for the effect of guilt on psychological status. In families with impaired family adaptation, feelings of guilt were a component of the negative experiences that accompanied marital interaction, and were greatly exacerbated in the crisis situation such as oncopathology. It is shown, that medical-psychological help for the patient’s family is an important and necessary component of interventions in oncology practice.
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Avdeeva, N. N., and B. A. Hoffman. "Current research on adolescents’ relationships with parents." Современная зарубежная психология 8, no. 4 (2019): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2019080407.
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The article is based on the materials of foreign sources and discusses the current trends in the relationship of adolescents and their parents. The following problems are discussed: influence of upbringing styles and parental attitudes on various aspects of psychological development of adolescents; contribution of relationships with parents and peers into social and personality development in adolescence; peculiarities of teenagers’ attachments to parents; child-parent conflicts. The recent studies of family education and its influence on psychological development confirm the positive role of authoritative parenting style, the negative impact of rigid parenting style on adolescent aggression and so on. It is shown that excessive parental control does not contribute to the development of self-esteem and increases self-criticism in adolescent girls. In relatively new researches devoted to "technoference" the negative impact of technical means (phone, gadgets) on interaction between parents and children is shown. The article stresses the importance of attachment to parents in adolescence; the role of the quality of attachment in formation of autonomy; capacity to solve problems and cope with difficulties associated with Internet addiction; aggression and school performance. The article also presents studies of positive and negative aspects of the impact of conflict with parents on the personality development of adolescents, gender differences in behavior during the conflict between mother and father, the contribution of marital conflicts to psychological development in adolescence.
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Neville, Charlotte, and Paula Devine. "Loneliness and Social Isolation Among Older People in Northern Ireland." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 642–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2207.
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Abstract Loneliness and social isolation are increasingly recognised as being public health concernsparticularly in older people. Social isolation can be defined as the lack of social connections, whilst loneliness is a more subjective concept and relates to negative feelings about a lack of connections. This research explores the patterns of loneliness and social isolation of over 5,000 people aged 50 years or over living in Northern Ireland who participated in the first wave of the NICOLA study (Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing). Data were obtained by computer-assisted personal interviews and self-completion questionnaires. We focused on loneliness and social interaction, in relation to key demographic and socio-economic variables including age, gender and marital status. Key findings were that loneliness patterns varied according to gender, age, income, health and living circumstances. Future waves of NICOLA will help to longitudinally explore the effects of transition on loneliness and social isolation.
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Quayhagen, Mary P., Margaret Quayhagen, Robert R. Corbeil, Ronald C. Hendrix, J. Edward Jackson, Lisa Snyder, and Doris Bower. "Coping With Dementia: Evaluation of Four Nonpharmacologic Interventions." International Psychogeriatrics 12, no. 2 (June 2000): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610200006360.
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To evaluate nonpharmacologic interventions, caregivers (65 women, 38 men) and their dementia-diagnosed spouses (patients) were randomized to one of four treatment programs (cognitive stimulation, dyadic counseling, dual supportive seminar, and early-stage day care) or to a wait-list control group. Assessments occurred initially and at postintervention (3 months). Patients were evaluated on memory, verbal fluency, and problem-solving ability, and caregivers were assessed on marital interaction, emotional status, and physical health, along with stress, coping, and social support. Caregivers also completed a program evaluation. Repeated measures procedures showed that patients in the cognitive stimulation group demonstrated more improvement over time in cognitive outcomes, and caregivers decreased in depressive symptoms. Early-stage day-care and dual supportive seminar group caregivers reported a decrease in hostility and a decrease in use of negative coping strategies, respectively. Although qualitatively derived benefits differed across groups, similarities in program content reduced the potential for quantitative differentiation among the groups.
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Pike, Luke Roy George, Trevor Joseph Royce, Amandeep R. Mahal, Daniel W. Kim, William L. Hwang, Brandon Arvin Virgil Mahal, and Nina Niu Sanford. "The impact of race and socioeconomic status on outcomes for HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e18103-e18103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e18103.
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e18103 Background: The socioeconomic factors affecting outcomes of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) are poorly characterized. Methods: A custom Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database identified adult patients with primary non-metastatic SCCHN and known HPV status diagnosed between 2013-14. Multivariable logistic regression defined associations between patient characteristics and HPV status, with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) reported. Fine-Gray competing risks regression estimated adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) and 95% CIs for cancer-specific mortality (CSM), including a disease subsite*HPV status*race interaction term. Results: 4735 patients with non-metastatic SCCHN and known HPV status were identified. HPV-associated SCCHN was positively associated with oropharyngeal primary, male sex and higher education and negatively associated with uninsured status, single marital status, and non-white race (p≤0.001 for all). For HPV-positive oropharyngeal SCCHN, white race was associated with lower CSM (AHR 0.55, 95%CI 0.34-0.88, p = 0.01) and uninsured status was associated with higher CSM (AHR 3.12, 95%CI 1.19-8.13, p = 0.02). These associations were not observed in HPV-negative or non-oropharynx SCCHN. Accordingly, there was a statistically significant disease subsite*HPV status*race interaction (pint< 0.001). Conclusions: Non-white race and uninsured status were associated with worse CSM in HPV-positive oropharyngeal SCCHN, while no such associations were observed in HPV-negative or non-oropharyngeal SCCHN. These results suggest that, despite having clinically favorable disease, non-white patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal SCCHN have worse outcomes than their white peers. Further work is needed to understand and reduce socioeconomic disparities in SCCHN.
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Maghfur, Maghfur, and Siti Mumun Muniroh. "Women Behind Terrorists (Religiousity, Self Adaptation and Husband-Wife Relationship within Suspected Terrorists Family in Pekalongan)." Analisa 20, no. 2 (December 7, 2013): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.18784/analisa.v20i2.175.
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<em>Women and their religiosity are questioned along with the proliferation of conflict, violence, and religion-based riots which allegedly involving ‘husband’ suspected terrorists. This article discusses the religiosity of the wives, the adjustment of wives of suspected terrorists against psychological and social burden, and the patterns of marital relations of terrorist suspects in Pekalongan-Central Java. The result of this phenomenological study revealed that the religiosity of terrorist-suspects’ wives are more dominant is exclusive patterned- if it is compared to moderate or inclusive ones. In terms of adjustment, the wives are just accept the fate and tend to be indifferent to the activities of their husbands. The wives also nullifying the public’s negative perception and judgment, but some are closed to the social interaction. While the pattern of relationships that were frequently built tent to be more owner property and head-complement in characteristics. Wives are positioned as husband’s complement for all activities in the fields of social, religious and political.</em>
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Liu, Xinyang, Zhichao Wang, and Qingfeng Li. "Effect of very small tumor size on cancer-specific mortality in node-positive melanoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e21059-e21059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e21059.
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e21059 Background: Traditionally, larger tumor size and lymph node (LN) involvement have been considered independent predictors of mortality in melanoma. We aimed to characterize the interaction between tumor size and LN involvement in melanoma specific mortality. In particular, we evaluated whether very small tumor size represented a particularly aggressive disease variant compared with larger LN-positive melanoma. Methods: Using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registry data, we identified 57,223 patients (aged 18-85 years) diagnosed between 1998 and 2012 with histologically confirmed nonmetastatic melanoma treated with surgery. Primary study variables were tumor size, LN involvement, and their corresponding interaction term. Kaplan-Meier methods, adjusted Cox proportional hazards models with interaction terms were performed. Potential confounders included age, sex, year of diagnosis, marital status and number of LN dissected. Results: Median follow-up was 48 months. In multivariable analysis, there was significant interaction between tumor size and LN involvement ( P < 0.0001) using the likelihood ratio test and Wald test. In the absence of LN involvement (n = 54,922), the hazard ratio (HR) increased monotonically with increasing tumor size. Among patients with LN involvement (n = 2,301), using the smallest tumors as the reference group, hazard ratio of cancer specific mortality decreased unexpectedly in 0.01-1.00mm tumors (HR 0.61, p = 0.022) and 1.01-2.00mm tumors (HR 0.58, p = 0.007), and reached to a similar level in tumors sized 2.01-4.00mm (HR 0.81, p = 0.280), and subsequently increased in tumors sized larger than 4.00mm (HR 1.57, p = 0.016). Conclusions: In LN positive melanoma, very small tumors may predict for higher mortality compared with larger tumors. These results should be validated in future database studies. Table. Effect of tumor size in LN positive and LN negative melanoma. [Table: see text]