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1
McGilloway, Mary Sinead. "Negative symptoms and speech parameters in schizophrenia." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388223.
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Mohammed, Abdulhakeem Othman. "Slimness, Thinness and other Negative Curvature Parameters of Graphs." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1561995374485276.
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Lambert, Joseph Michael. "Sensitivity of Human Choice to Manipulations of Parameters of Positive and Negative Sound Reinforcement." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1945.
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The purpose of this study was to determine whether altering parameters of positive and negative reinforcement in identical ways could influence behavior maintained by each in different ways. Three undergraduate students participated in a series of assessments designed to identify preferred and aversive sounds with similar reinforcing values. Following reinforcer identification, we conducted parameter sensitivity assessments for both positive and negative reinforcers. Parameter manipulations influenced behavior in the same way across reinforcement processes for two participants. However, for one participant, the way in which parameter manipulations influenced behavior differed according to the reinforcement process. Our results suggest that, for at least some individuals, positive and negative sound reinforcement processes do not influence behavior in identical ways. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.
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Jackson, Brandon Spencer. "Hypercoagulability using biophysical parameters in HIV positive versus HIV negative patients with deep vein thrombosis." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65529.
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Introduction: Patients infected with the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are more prone to developing a hypercoagulable state. This may be due an upregulated inflammatory system resulting in a different coagulation profile.
Aim(s): To compare the coagulation profile of HIV positive patients to HIV negative patients.
Methods: A descriptive comparative prospective study recruiting symptomatic confirmed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) adult patients with HIV status. Patients blood samples were analysed using inflammatory markers, thromboelastogram, light microscopy smears and the scanning electron microscope.
Results: DVT patients have a raised inflammatory profile and a hypercoagulable viscoelastic profile but no significant difference between HIV+ and HIV- groups. Ultrastructural changes of red blood cells, platelets and fibrin network are demonstrated in DVT patients. These changes were more extreme in the HIV positive patients.
Conclusion: Patients with deep vein thrombosis are in a state of inflammation. HIV infection is linked to inflammation and inflammation is linked with a hypercoagulable state. HIV positive patients do have a different coagulation profile compared to HIV negative patients which can result in hypercoagulability and deep vein thrombosis.<br>Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2018.<br>Surgery<br>PhD<br>Unrestricted
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Schlabs, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Comparison of cardiovascular and biomechanical parameters of supine lower body negative pressure (LBNP) and upright lower body positive pressure (LBPP) to simulate activity in 1/6 G and 3/8 G / Thomas Schlabs." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1082237493/34.
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Wikberg, Cecilia. "Investigating the Modern Social Media Influenced World and its Consequences on Mental Health : How to reduce the negative effects on young women in the social media app Instagram by modifying or adding design parameters and functionality." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161126.
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Social media is valuable when searching for information or to ease communication but what about the health risks, loss of productivity and physical activity, imaginary ideals and addiction? One third of women 16-29 years old suffer from a lower mental health and according to a large number of studies, social media has a big part in it. This study investigates how Instagram can be modified in order to reduce the nega- tive effects on young women caused by the app. Through interviews and a workshop, five concepts were produced and tested. The preferred solution for the users was to add a symbol if the image has been retouched, this was made to be able to separate the fake from the authentic uploads in Instagram. Totally removing the phone from the process was not an option since it is used in more situations like communication. Another concept that was instantly popular was the option to keep follow or unfollow recently added accounts. This makes the user aware of the content and is given the possibility to evaluate the accounts. Along with these concepts, it could be suggested that people need to be more aware of the problems caused by social media. It could also be suggested for users to work on their self-compassion, to not critique oneself too much, since fitspo-accounts affect users substantially. It is not the time spent on social media that matters but what people are actually engaging with.
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Graciá, Salgado Rogelio. "Diseño y caracterización de metamateriales acústicos basados en guías de onda." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/38759.
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En la realización de este trabajo se obtendrán las expresiones analíticas que permiten describir las propiedades acústicas de una red de elementos dispersivos en el interior de una guía de ondas, permitiendo así, obtener en el límite de homogenización los parámetros efectivos que caracterizan al metamaterial y la verificación experimental de las propiedades acústicas del metamaterial.
Matemáticamente este problema se tratará con la teoría de la dispersión múltiple, ya que las geometrías a tratar en este trabajo van a ser cilíndricas y dicha teoría se ha demostrado ser la mas efectiva para esos casos y usando la técnica de ¿mode matching ¿para la resolución general del problema de la dispersión de campo acústico en el interior de una guía de ondas.<br>Graciá Salgado, R. (2014). Diseño y caracterización de metamateriales acústicos basados en guías de onda [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/38759<br>TESIS
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Belchior, Fernando Nunes. "Uma nova abordagem à filtragem de harmônicos através de dispositivos eletromagnéticos." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2006. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/14325.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Nowadays, the quality of the electric energy emerges as an important
subject for both the consumers and the power utilities. In this context, it is
recognized the existence of national and international guide lines towards the
establishment of boundary or reference values for the power indexes so as to
guarantee the desired standard of voltage quality. Amongst these indicators, the
harmonic distortions appear as a quite important matter and the mitigation
techniques to eliminate or to reduce the level of distortions have been largely
discussed in the literature. The use of classical passive and active filters are the
most traditional solutions, however, some authors have pointed the possibility of
using a different approach based on electromagnetic devices. Focusing this
subject, this thesis investigates the use of two distinct filtering devices for
harmonic filtering. The first proposal is related to the well known zero sequence
harmonic components and the second to the positive and negative components.
The work considers the electromagnetic filter physical principles, modeling,
computational implementation, investigation of ideal and non ideal operational
conditions, laboratory scale prototypes and validation tests.<br>A qualidade da energia elétrica se apresenta como uma área de grande
interesse para os consumidores e concessionários de energia. Buscando meios
para regulamentar o assunto, reconhece-se, na atualidade, a existência de
recomendações, normas e critérios nacionais e internacionais voltados para a
orientação dos valores limites ou de referência para os diversos indicadores que
caracterizam o padrão de qualidade desejado. Dentro deste contexto, as
distorções harmônicas nos sinais de tensão e corrente surgem como uma das
questões mais preocupantes. Almejando, pois a preservação da qualidade do
suprimento no que tange às distorções harmônicas, assim como para os demais
itens de definição da qualidade, faz-se, muitas vezes necessário a utilização de
técnicas para a mitigação dos fenômenos prejudiciais ao atendimento dos
padrões definidos. Focando a questão do controle das distorções harmônicas,
surge esta proposta de tese, a qual enfoca a utilização de duas metodologias
distintas, baseadas em arranjos eletromagnéticos para a filtragem de correntes
harmônicas. Uma das propostas destina-se a filtragem das correntes harmônicas
de seqüência zero e outra voltada para as componentes de seqüência positiva e
negativa. O trabalho apresenta os princípios de funcionamento, modelagens,
análises computacionais e validação experimental dos dispositivos
supramencionados. Os estudos são iniciados através da operação dos filtros sob
condições ideais, seguido de investigações associados com situações não ideais
de funcionamento.<br>Doutor em Ciências
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Hansén, Jacob, and Axel Gustafsson. "A Study on Comparison Websites in the Airline Industry and Using CART Methods to Determine Key Parameters in Flight Search Conversion." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254309.
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This bachelor thesis in applied mathematics and industrial engineering and management aimed to identify relationships between search parameters in flight comparison search engines and the exit conversion rate, while also investigating how the emergence of such comparison search engines has impacted the airline industry. To identify such relationships, several classification models were employed in conjunction with several sampling methods to produce a predictive model using the program R. To investigate the impact of the emergence of comparison websites, Porter's 5 forces and a SWOT - analysis were employed to analyze findings of a literature study and a qualitative interview. The classification models developed performed poorly with regards to several assessments metrics which suggested that there were little to no significance in the relationship between the search parameters investigated and exit conversion rate. Porter's 5 forces and the SWOT-analysis suggested that the competitive landscape of the airline industry has become more competitive and that airlines which do not manage to adapt to this changing market environment will experience decreasing profitability.<br>Detta kandidatexamensarbete inriktat på tillämpad matematik och industriell ekonomi syftade till att identifiera samband mellan sökparametrar från flygsökmotorer och konverteringsgraden för utträde till ett flygbolags hemsida, och samtidigt undersöka hur uppkomsten av flygsökmotorer har påverkat flygindustrin för flygbolag. För att identifiera sådana samband, tillämpades flera klassificeringsmodeller tillsammans med stickprovsmetoder för att bygga en predikativ modell i programmet R. För att undersöka påverkan av flygsökmotorer tillämpades Porters 5 krafter och SWOT-analys som teoretiska ramverk för att analysera information uppsamlad genom en litteraturstudie och en intervju. Klassificeringsmodellerna som byggdes presterade undermåligt med avseende på flera utvärderingsmått, vilket antydde att det fanns lite eller inget samband mellan de undersökta sökparametrarna och konverteringsgraden för utträde. Porters 5 krafter och SWOT-analysen visade att flygindustrin hade blivit mer konkurrensutsatt och att flygbolag som inte lyckas anpassa sig efter en omgivning i ändring kommer att uppleva minskande lönsamhet.
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Pauly, Olivier. "Characterization of a three-phase medium with a large and negative parameter of nonlinearity." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19081.
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Hädrich, Gunter. "Untersuchungen zu der Entwicklung der Körperkondition, dem peripartalen Stoffwechsel und der Morbidität von Hochleistungskühen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:15-20070319-103243-1.
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Steigende Milchleistung geht bei Milchkühen mit immer stärkeren Stoffwechselbelastungen einher. Stoffwechselstörungen und damit gekoppelte Erkrankungen konzentrieren sich be-sonders auf den Zeitraum der Frühlaktation. Prophylaktischen Maßnahmen kommen deshalb erhebliche Bedeutungen im Sinne der Wirtschaftlichkeit und des Tierschutzes zu. Zielstellung vorliegender Untersuchung war vorwiegend die Fragestellung, ob sich Erkran-kungen post partum (p.p.) bereits in der Trockenstehperiode bzw. vor deren klinischer Mani-festation durch Stoffwechseluntersuchungen erkennen lassen. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage wurden während eines Jahres bei insgesamt 969 SB-Kühen sowie -Färsen einer MVA mit einer durchschnittlichen Milchjahresleistung von 8950 kg sono-graphisch die Rückenfettdicke (RFD) am 56. d, 28. d, 10. d ante partum (a.p.) sowie am 3. d, 28. d, 56. d, 120. d p.p. gemessen. Für die Stoffwechselbeurteilung wurden Blutproben am 28. d und 10. d a.p. sowie am 3. d und 28. d p.p. entnommen und darin die Gesamtleuko-zytenzahl, Parameter des Energie- und Fettstoffwechsels (BHB, FFS, Glucose, Insulin, Bili-rubin, Cholesterol, Lactat), des Proteinstoffwechsels (Gesamtprotein, Albumin, Harnstoff, Creatinin), der Leberfunktion (GLDH, GGT, AST), des Mineralstoffwechsels (Na, K, Cl, Ca, Pi, Fe, Mg), die Enzymaktivitäten der CK und AP sowie die Konzentration der endokrinen Parameter Östradiol und IGF-1 analysiert. Die am 10. d a.p. sowie am 28. d p.p. entnom-menen Harnproben dienten der pH-Wert Messung und der Bestimmung der Netto-Säuren-Basen-Ausscheidung (NSBA). Für die statistische Bearbeitung wurden folgende Gruppen (n) gebildet: Mastitis (25), Dislocatio abomasi (25), Gebärparese (25), Klauenerkrankung (25), Endometritis/Lochio-metra (25), Retentio secundinarum (25), Ovarialzysten (25), Tot- (25) und Schwergeburten (25), Frühgeburten (12), Zwillingsträchtigkeiten (25) sowie gesunde Tiere (25). Für die Auswahl der gesunden Gruppe wurden folgende Kriterien postuliert: keine klinische Erkrankung bis 4 Monate p.p., RFD 27 mm, Leukozytenzahl zu allen Entnahmezeitpunkten <10 G/l. Die gesunden Kühe wiesen 28 d p.p. repräsentativ für den Gesamtbestand eine starke Ab-nahme der RFD und erhöhte BHB-Konzentrationen (x̃=0,75 mmol/l) auf. Der Dislocatio abomasi gingen am 3. d p.p. im Vergleich zu allen Gruppen die höchsten (p≤0,05) FFS-Medianwerte (>1200 mol/l) sowie erhöhte (p≤0,05) BHB- und Bilirubin-Kon-zentrationen voraus. 28 d p.p. bestanden weiterhin erhöhte BHB- und FFS-Konzentrationen sowie erhöhte (p≤0,05) GLDH-, AST- und CK-Aktivitäten. Die RFD nahm p.p. überdurch-schnittlich ab. Kühe mit späterer Gebärparese hatten während der Trockenstehperiode er-niedrigte AP-Aktivitäten (p≤0,001) sowie erniedrigte Bilirubinkonzentrationen. Bei Kühen der Gruppen Endometritis/Lochiometra und Retentio secundinarum gingen a.p. gesteigerte FFS-BHB- und Glucose- (p≤0,05) Konzentrationen voraus. Am 3. d p.p. dominierten in beiden Gruppen signifikant veränderte FFS-, Bilirubin- und Ca- sowie Glucose-, Cholesterol und Pi-Konzentrationen außerhalb der Referenzwerte. Bei Tieren mit Retentio secundinarum blieben die FFS-Konzentrationen bis zum 28. d p.p. gesteigert (p≤0,05). Kühe mit späteren Ovarialzysten hatten 28 d a.p. erhöhte BHB-, Glucose- und Fe-Konzentrationen sowie CK-Aktivitäten, 10 d a.p. erhöhte CK- und erniedrigte IGF-1-Konzentrationen (p≤0,05). Am 3 d p.p. bestanden stärker veränderte Bilirubin-, Ca- sowie bis 28 d p.p. anhaltend erhöhte FFS- und BHB-Konzentrationen (p≤0,05). Die Gruppen Tot- und Schwergeburten zeigten während der Trockenstehperiode erhöhte Glucose- (p≤0,05) und FFS-Konzentrationen sowie gesteigerte CK-Aktivitäten. Zwillingstragende Kühe hatten a.p. gesteigerte FFS-Konzen-trationen (p≤0,05), am 3. d p.p. Leukopenie, gesteigerte FFS-, BHB-, Glucose- und Bilirubin- sowie verminderte Cholesterol- und Ca-Konzentrationen (p≤0,05) sowie bis 28 d p.p. anhaltend BHB-, AST- und CK-Abweichungen. Bei den Parametern des Proteinstoffwechsels und der Leberfunktion waren zu den kontrol-lierten Zeitpunkten in der Trockenstehphase keine Abweichungen zwischen gesunden und kranken Rindern statistisch zu sichern. Diese besitzen somit kein frühdiagnostisches Poten-tial in Hinblick auf das Risiko des Auftretens späterer Erkrankungen und erwiesen sich auch in der Frühlaktation als stabil. Die teilweise deutlichen Energiestoffwechselstörungen führten nicht zwangsläufig zu gesicherten Abweichungen von Leberfunktionsparametern. Es ist zu schlussfolgern, dass die meisten Erkrankungsgruppen schon a.p. durch Stoffwech-selstörungen auffallen, besonders durch signifikant gesteigerte FFS- und Glucose-Konzen-trationen. Am 3. d p.p. kommen hauptsächlich erhöhte BHB-, Bilirubin-Konzentrationen, CK- Aktivitäten und verminderte Ca- sowie Cholesterolkonzentrationen hinzu. Dies gilt beson-ders für Kühe mit Dislocatio abomasi. Fruchtbarkeitsstörungen kündigen sich bei Kühen mit späteren Ovarialzysten bereits 28 bzw. 10 d a.p. durch signifikant (p≤0,05) erniedrigte IGF1-Konzentrationen an. Kühe mit Gebärparese fallen schon in der Trockenstehperiode durch stark erniedrigte AP-Aktivitäten (x̃<45 U/l) auf. Somit lassen sich die genannten postpartalen Erkrankungen bereits a.p. selektiv subklinisch nachweisen. Diese Erkenntnis kann als Grundlage für einen Screening zur Früherkennung von Krankheitsdispositionen genutzt werden.
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Kuthan, Jiří. "Vliv teploty na parametry lithium - iontových článků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399591.
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Masters Thesis summarizes the theoretical findings about lithium-ion akumulators. It gives a overview of the basic types of galvanic cells, then deals in detail with the lithium-on cell. It's composition, electrochemical principle of working, thermal dependence, construction and area of application. The thesis describes the basic methods of measuring lithium-on cells, such as cyclic charging and discharging, cyclic voltammetry. The practical part compares selected types of materials for negative elektrodes in different temperatures.
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Salasar, Luis Ernesto Bueno. "O processo de Poisson estendido e aplicações." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4509.
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Previous issue date: 2007-06-14<br>Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos<br>Abstract
In this dissertation we will study how extended Poisson process can be applied to
construct discrete probabilistic models. An Extended Poisson Process is a continuous
time stochastic process with the state space being the natural numbers, it is obtained
as a generalization of homogeneous Poisson process where transition rates depend on
the current state of the process. From its transition rates and Chapman-Kolmogorov
di¤erential equations, we can determine the probability distribution at any …xed time of
the process. Conversely, given any probability distribution on the natural numbers, it
is possible to determine uniquely a sequence of transition rates of an extended Poisson
process such that, for some instant, the unidimensional probability distribution coincides
with the provided probability distribution. Therefore, we can conclude that extended
Poisson process is as a very ‡exible framework on the analysis of discrete data, since it
generalizes all probabilistic discrete models.
We will present transition rates of extended Poisson process which generate Poisson,
Binomial and Negative Binomial distributions and determine maximum likelihood estima-
tors, con…dence intervals, and hypothesis tests for parameters of the proposed models. We
will also perform a bayesian analysis of such models with informative and noninformative
prioris, presenting posteriori summaries and comparing these results to those obtained
by means of classic inference.<br>Nesta dissertação veremos como o proceso de Poisson estendido pode ser aplicado
à construção de modelos probabilísticos discretos. Um processo de Poisson estendido é
um processo estocástico a tempo contínuo com espaço de estados igual ao conjunto dos
números naturais, obtido a partir de uma generalização do processo de Poisson homogê-
neo onde as taxas de transição dependem do estado atual do processo. A partir das taxas
de transição e das equações diferenciais de Chapman-Kolmogorov pode-se determinar a
distribuição de probabilidades para qualquer tempo …xado do processo. Reciprocamente,
dada qualquer distribuição de probabilidades sobre o conjunto dos números naturais é pos-
sível determinar, de maneira única, uma seqüência de taxas de transição de um processo de
Poisson estendido tal que, para algum instante, a distribução unidimensional do processo
coincide com a dada distribuição de probabilidades. Portanto, o processo de Poisson es-
tendido se apresenta como uma ferramenta bastante ‡exível na análise de dados discretos,
pois generaliza todos os modelos probabilísticos discretos.
Apresentaremos as taxas de transição dos processos de Poisson estendido que ori-
ginam as distribuições de Poisson, Binomial e Binomial Negativa e determinaremos os
estimadores de máxima verossimilhança, intervalos de con…ança e testes de hipóteses dos
parâmetros dos modelos propostos. Faremos também uma análise bayesiana destes mod-
elos com prioris informativas e não informativas, apresentando os resumos a posteriori e
comparando estes resultados com aqueles obtidos via inferência clássica.
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Dumortier, Alexis Jean Louis. "Investigation of a medium with a large, negative parameter of nonlinearity and its application to the enhancement of a compact, omnidirectional, parametric source." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07022004-160330/unrestricted/kottke%5Fpeter%5Fa%5F200407%5Fphd.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. Directed by David Trivett.<br>Trivett, David, Committee Chair ; Berthelot, Yves, Committee Member ; Rogers, Peter, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.
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Kaňa, Michal. "Vliv technologických parametrů na elektrochemické vlastnosti záporné elektrody lithium-iontového akumulátoru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-387737.
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This diploma thesis deals with lithium-ion batteries. It is focused on negative electrode on grafit based. The goal of this thesis is to show the problematics of lithium-ion batteries together with possibilities for improvement of their basic parametres as capacity and current elektricity loadability. The first part is focused on the description of functionality of lithiumion battery. The second part is practical and it is focused on production of negative electrodes from natural graphite 280H which has different thickness and compression pressure. The third part describes preparation of negative electrodes from natural graphite 280H and also includes results of measurement. In the last part are different types of negative electrodes from natural graphite 280H compared and evaluated including the determination of conclusions. This comparison and evaluation based on obtained data.
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Brites, Alice Dantas. "Monitoramento dos efeitos ecológicos e socioeconômicos da comercialização de produtos florestais não madereiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-24032011-215203/.
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A comercialização de produtos florestais não madeireiros (PFNMs) popularizou-se como atividade promotora do desenvolvimento socioeconômico de comunidades florestais com baixo impacto ambiental. Há evidências, contudo, de que a exploração possa produzir efeitos ecológicos e socioeconômicos negativos, sugerindo que é necessário monitorar tais iniciativas. A comercialização frequentemente ocorre em áreas remotas e em contextos de pobreza, como é o caso de muitas daquelas da Amazônia brasileira. Desta forma, é necessário que o monitoramento restrinja-se a avaliar os efeitos evidenciados como mais comuns em estudos anteriores. Este estudo revisa e sintetiza as evidências científicas dos efeitos da exploração de PFNMs sobre parâmetros ecológicos e socioeconômicos e, a partir daí, indica aqueles mais relevantes ao monitoramento. O estudo também levanta até que ponto o monitoramento é implementado no contexto da Amazônia brasileira e avalia quais os parâmetros importantes e viáveis de monitoramento neste caso específico. Para isso, foram realizadas revisões sistemáticas da literatura e a consulta a profissionais da área através do método Delphi. Os resultados indicam que efeitos ecológicos negativos são frequentes, principalmente quando se coletam folhas ou cascas. Alterações em órgãos ou processos fisiológicos e a taxa de sobrevivência dos espécimes explorados são parâmetros que devem ser monitorados, em particular quando se coletam frutos e partes vegetativas. Para todos os tipos de PFNMs, o tamanho e a estrutura populacional são parâmetros prioritários ao monitoramento. A riqueza de espécies da comunidade explorada merece atenção, principalmente quando se coletam frutos. Para os aspectos socioeconômicos, efeitos positivos foram mais frequentes que negativos. A contribuição da renda monetária obtida com o comércio na renda total, a regularidade de ingresso desta renda e o papel dos PFNMs como recursos de salvaguarda são parâmetros do capital financeiro prioritários ao monitoramento. Para o capital social, o empoderamento feminino, a coesão de grupo e o acesso aos benefícios gerados pela comercialização devem ser monitorados. Na Amazônia brasileira são poucas as iniciativas de implementação do monitoramento da comercialização de PFNMs. Embora este seja considerado importante, existem dificuldades que derivam principalmente da falta de apoio institucional, políticas de incentivo e de recursos financeiros. Os profissionais participantes do Delphi consideram que os parâmetros ecológicos mais importantes a monitorar neste contexto são o tamanho e a estrutura populacional do recurso explorado, o aumento da taxa de mortalidade, a quantidade total de recurso extraída e a técnica de coleta utilizada. Para os parâmetros econômicos, aspectos do mercado, como o preço pago ao coletor, a demanda e a qualidade do produto, bem como a renda monetária obtida pelos indivíduos são os parâmetros considerados mais importantes. Por fim, para os aspectos sociais, os efeitos na cultura, na qualidade de vida e na organização interna da comunidade foram priorizados. Os profissionais indicam que é viável estabelecer o monitoramento dos parâmetros levantados.<br>Amazon, non-timber forest products, ecological effects, socioeconomic effects, monitoring.
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Song, Yingying. "Amélioration de la résolution spatiale d’une image hyperspectrale par déconvolution et séparation-déconvolution conjointes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0207/document.
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Une image hyperspectrale est un cube de données 3D dont chaque pixel fournit des informations spectrales locales sur un grand nombre de bandes contiguës sur une scène d'intérêt. Les images observées peuvent subir une dégradation due à l'instrument de mesure, avec pour conséquence l'apparition d'un flou sur les images qui se modélise par une opération de convolution. La déconvolution d'image hyperspectrale (HID) consiste à enlever le flou pour améliorer au mieux la résolution spatiale des images. Un critère de HID du type Tikhonov avec contrainte de non-négativité est proposé dans la thèse de Simon Henrot. Cette méthode considère les termes de régularisations spatiale et spectrale dont la force est contrôlée par deux paramètres de régularisation. La première partie de cette thèse propose le critère de courbure maximale MCC et le critère de distance minimum MDC pour estimer automatiquement ces paramètres de régularisation en formulant le problème de déconvolution comme un problème d'optimisation multi-objectif. La seconde partie de cette thèse propose l'algorithme de LMS avec un bloc lisant régularisé (SBR-LMS) pour la déconvolution en ligne des images hyperspectrales fournies par les systèmes de whiskbroom et pushbroom. L'algorithme proposé prend en compte la non-causalité du noyau de convolution et inclut des termes de régularisation non quadratiques tout en maintenant une complexité linéaire compatible avec le traitement en temps réel dans les applications industrielles. La troisième partie de cette thèse propose des méthodes de séparation-déconvolution conjointes basés sur le critère de Tikhonov en contextes hors-ligne ou en-ligne. L'ajout d'une contrainte de non-négativité permet d’améliorer leurs performances<br>A hyperspectral image is a 3D data cube in which every pixel provides local spectral information about a scene of interest across a large number of contiguous bands. The observed images may suffer from degradation due to the measuring device, resulting in a convolution or blurring of the images. Hyperspectral image deconvolution (HID) consists in removing the blurring to improve the spatial resolution of images at best. A Tikhonov-like HID criterion with non-negativity constraint is considered here. This method considers separable spatial and spectral regularization terms whose strength are controlled by two regularization parameters. First part of this thesis proposes the maximum curvature criterion MCC and the minimum distance criterion MDC to automatically estimate these regularization parameters by formulating the deconvolution problem as a multi-objective optimization problem. The second part of this thesis proposes the sliding block regularized (SBR-LMS) algorithm for the online deconvolution of hypserspectral images as provided by whiskbroom and pushbroom scanning systems. The proposed algorithm accounts for the convolution kernel non-causality and including non-quadratic regularization terms while maintaining a linear complexity compatible with real-time processing in industrial applications. The third part of this thesis proposes joint unmixing-deconvolution methods based on the Tikhonov criterion in both offline and online contexts. The non-negativity constraint is added to improve their performances
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Lubińska, Dorota. "Förstaspråksattrition hos vuxna : Exemplet polsktalande i Sverige." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Centrum för tvåspråkighetsforskning, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-55969.
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This thesis is concerned with adult L1 attrition in the case of highly-educated long-term Polish immigrants in Sweden. The study sheds light on two classical issues pertaining to L1 attrition, namely what happens to a fully developed mature language system in an immigrant context, and why it happens. Specifically we aim to answer the following questions: (1) Are Polish speakers in Sweden different from comparable individuals in Poland with respect to (i) judgement and use of a number of Polish linguistic features (se keywords below), and (ii) hesitation phenomena, i.e. ability to be quick and easy and linguistic insecurity? (2) Is the variation in linguistic results dependent on how often and in what context the Polish language is used and/or which attitudes the individuals have towards it as well as how long they have been living in Sweden? One of the main contributions of the study regards methodology. The data is analysed in three steps: an initial focus on group comparisons shifts to the analysis of individual results in relation to the variation observed in the comparison group, and finally to a holistic view of the attrition effects or their absence. It is suggested that in studies on adult L1 attrition, where the effects are expected to be relatively cosmetic, the range of the linguistic behaviour in the comparison group as a reference point as well as a holistic perspective on individual results gives a more truthful picture of the attrition process. In addition the study shows that attrition effects are present in some individuals (60 %) to a different degree. The most common effect overall is linguistic insecurity followed by the overuse of 1st person pronouns as explicit subjects and to a lesser degree by the overuse of 3rd person pronouns. Surprisingly there is a scanty effect on the other hesitation phenomenon, i.e. the ability to be quick and easy. No or limited effects are observed in other structural areas which basically supports previous findings on L1 adult attrition. Finally, the presence versus absence of the attrition effect can not be straightforwardly related either to language use, attitudes or length of residence, with one exception being linguistic insecurity.
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Nus, Ludivine. "Méthodes rapides de traitement d’images hyperspectrales. Application à la caractérisation en temps réel du matériau bois." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0163/document.
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Cette thèse aborde le démélange en-ligne d’images hyperspectrales acquises par un imageur pushbroom, pour la caractérisation en temps réel du matériau bois. La première partie de cette thèse propose un modèle de mélange en-ligne fondé sur la factorisation en matrices non-négatives. À partir de ce modèle, trois algorithmes pour le démélange séquentiel en-ligne, fondés respectivement sur les règles de mise à jour multiplicatives, le gradient optimal de Nesterov et l’optimisation ADMM (Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers) sont développés. Ces algorithmes sont spécialement conçus pour réaliser le démélange en temps réel, au rythme d'acquisition de l'imageur pushbroom. Afin de régulariser le problème d’estimation (généralement mal posé), deux sortes de contraintes sur les endmembers sont utilisées : une contrainte de dispersion minimale ainsi qu’une contrainte de volume minimal. Une méthode pour l’estimation automatique du paramètre de régularisation est également proposée, en reformulant le problème de démélange hyperspectral en-ligne comme un problème d’optimisation bi-objectif. Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse, nous proposons une approche permettant de gérer la variation du nombre de sources, i.e. le rang de la décomposition, au cours du traitement. Les algorithmes en-ligne préalablement développés sont ainsi modifiés, en introduisant une étape d’apprentissage d’une bibliothèque hyperspectrale, ainsi que des pénalités de parcimonie permettant de sélectionner uniquement les sources actives. Enfin, la troisième partie de ces travaux consiste en l’application de nos approches à la détection et à la classification des singularités du matériau bois<br>This PhD dissertation addresses the problem of on-line unmixing of hyperspectral images acquired by a pushbroom imaging system, for real-time characterization of wood. The first part of this work proposes an on-line mixing model based on non-negative matrix factorization. Based on this model, three algorithms for on-line sequential unmixing, using multiplicative update rules, the Nesterov optimal gradient and the ADMM optimization (Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers), respectively, are developed. These algorithms are specially designed to perform the unmixing in real time, at the pushbroom imager acquisition rate. In order to regularize the estimation problem (generally ill-posed), two types of constraints on the endmembers are used: a minimum dispersion constraint and a minimum volume constraint. A method for the unsupervised estimation of the regularization parameter is also proposed, by reformulating the on-line hyperspectral unmixing problem as a bi-objective optimization. In the second part of this manuscript, we propose an approach for handling the variation in the number of sources, i.e. the rank of the decomposition, during the processing. Thus, the previously developed on-line algorithms are modified, by introducing a hyperspectral library learning stage as well as sparse constraints allowing to select only the active sources. Finally, the third part of this work consists in the application of these approaches to the detection and the classification of the singularities of wood
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Hsieh, Chia-Hao, and 謝家豪. "The Optimum Confidence Intervals for Poisson and Negative Binomial Parameters." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96772304522304016030.
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碩士<br>東海大學<br>統計學系<br>90<br>The Poisson distribution and the negative binomial distribution are two closely related distributions, both associated with the occurrences of〝rare events〞. Since they are of discrete nature, the confidence intervals for their parameters in the literature are often approximations. In this thesis, we construct〝exact〞optimum conditional confidence intervals for their parameters for each observed numbers of events. By〝optimum〞we mean that their widths are minimum among the intervals with the same confidence coefficient. The computational results are tabulated in Appendixes I and II at three confidence levels 90%, 95% and 99%.
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Fong-Jhan, Tian, and 田奉展. "The optimization of design parameters in negative-pressured isolation room." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03449883659026379130.
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碩士<br>中華醫事科技大學<br>生物安全衛生研究所<br>97<br>The particle exhaust efficiency was served as the performance index to investigate optimal design parameters for future application of airborne infection isolation room by using Taguchi method. A volume adjustable chamber with similar push-pull ventilation system was adopted to simulate airborne infection isolation room without anteroom. The exhaust efficiency of mono-disperse particles with 1.5 m diameter and S/N ratio was measured and calculated for nine combined experimental conditions generated by Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. The results show that the optimal design parameter combination is middle room volume (36.93 m3), 12 air change per hour (ACH), 5 Pa pressure differential and particle released at head region on the bed. ACH was the main factor in this study. By considering both performance and energy saving conception, reducing air change rate to 8 ACH is adequate to meet the performance requirement. It is practicable to evaluate the performance of negative pressured isolation room using the particle exhaust efficiency. It was also found that the air velocity within certain ranges below 0.5 m/s yields the best exhaust efficiency. The findings obtained in this study provide useful information for performance verification analysis, optimal operation condition, and future design of airborne infection isolation room.
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Woodley, Jonathan. "Determining the Effective Parameters of Metamaterials." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/32846.
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In this dissertation the proper determination and allowable signs of the effective parameters of metamaterial structures will be examined. First, a method that was commonly used to determine the presence of a negative index of refraction will be discussed. It will be shown that this method, which relies on the appearance of transmission peaks in the region where the real parts of the effective permittivity and permeability are expected to be negative, does not provide sufficient evidence that a negative index exists. Two alternate methods will then be presented that can be used to properly determine the sign of the index. Then, the form of the index in media that exhibit backward wave propagation will be examined from a purely three dimensional wave propagation point of view. It will be shown that in an isotropic medium backward wave propagation requires that the index be negative and in an anisotropic medium it requires that the index be negative along at least one of the three principal axes. In short, the necessary and sufficient condition for the negative index of refraction is the existence of the backward wave. Next, a technique commonly used to retrieve the effective parameters in metamaterials from transmission and reflection data will be considered. It will be shown that this retrieval technique can lead to unphysical claims that the imaginary parts of the effective permittivity or permeability can be negative even though the medium remains passive. By comparing the effective parameters obtained analytically and from the retrieval technique it will be shown that these unphysical claims are the result of error in the numerical simulations. The concepts of causality and analyticity will also be discussed by considering the Lorentzian model and it will be shown that this model does not allow the imaginary parts of the permittivity or permeability to be negative in the metamaterials consisting of split ring resonators and split wires.
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Chiou, Huei-Yi, and 邱慧怡. "The Influence of Milling Parameters on the Particle Size and Negative Ion Count of Negative Ion Powders." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12145795864579283221.
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碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>紡織工程所<br>93<br>Abstract
The negative ion paint is one kind of new healthy environmental protection paint. It can release a large amount of negative ions to enhance the negative ion density, improve air quality, achieve the enhancement human body immunity, and prevent many kinds of diseases. In the study, we use the negative ion powder with micro radioactive rays ability to produce the negative ion for improving the indoor environment. The weak radioactive rays occurrence is semi-permanent continual so it won’t cause the damage to the health. In this study, we grind the negative ion powders by the way of ball milling, and discuss the influence of temperature and milling time in the system on the particle size and its dispersion.
The results showed that as the drop of milling temperature and the increase of milling time in the system, the average particle size got lower and the distribution of particle size became concentrated. We can find the minimum particle size of negative ion powders when the milling ball size is 0.7 mm, the milling time is 10 hr at -10 ℃. After adding negative ion powders into the paint, we can observe the most number of negative ion, but its radiation value certainly has no difference. However the pH value of negative ion solution will increase its alkalinity when the particle size of negative ion powders goes down.
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wu, Jian-Syun, and 吳建勳. "Effects of Hot-spring Quality and Environment Parameters on Air Negative-Ions Production." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u32m3y.
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碩士<br>嘉南藥理科技大學<br>溫泉產業研究所<br>97<br>The aim of research is to study the effects of hot-spring quality and environment parameters such as conductivity, TDS, ORP, pH, irradiation and mineral addition on the air negative-ions production, in order to find the appropriate hot-spring and method that can produce the highest negative-ions.
The results showed that irradiation, agitation and mineral addition can enhance higher air negative-ions. When UV irradiation was used at Di-Re-Gu-Leu-Hwang-Quan Hot-spring, it can produce 2,000 ions/cm3. When agitation was applied, it can produce 4,430 ions/cm3. For Rui-Sui Rui-Chong iron hot-spring, 4,430 ions/cm3 was produced when agitate, however, the ions production would be to 5,400 ions/cm3 when mineral added in the reactor. In addition, the hot-spring found to produce more air negative-ions than in the water. This study also showed that tourmaline can produce air negative-ions because of its magnetic field.
The other 15 minerals were also used to find which one has the same effect as tourmaline. Among these 15 minerals, glaucophane-schist and chalk could show the same effect as tourmaline. This might because these 2 minerals also have magnetic field effect and can electrolyze water to produce ions as same as tourmaline.
It also showed that hot-spring can produce high amounts of ions. If ions and hot-spring are combined, then it will effectively increase the hot-spring usage, human health care and environment cleanness.
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Lee, Hsiao-Yun, and 李筱筠. "Study on Optimizing Parameters of Hot-embossing Process for Medical Negative Pressure Preservation Adaptor." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44haj7.
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碩士<br>元智大學<br>工業工程與管理學系<br>105<br>With the trend of aging population and increasing cancer or chronic diseases, the demand for medical equipment has continuously increased. As used for the medical devices that are for the wounds outside of human bodies or implanted inside of bodies in long-term, manufacturers should have a more strict management system that applies total quality management to product design, development, production, installation and service safety, efficacy and quality consistency of medical equipments can be enssred. This study investigates a product of a company. The DMAIC (process) was applied to imprare the embossing process. The Taguchi method is used in the improved ment phase for its efficiency and low costs the. The critical quality to process capability optimal parameters. Can be found its manufacturing capacity can be increased by implementing the quality control strategy. Finally, establishing in quality control process increase of product quality and to avoid scrap cost. To find the optimal parameters of hot embossing process, that has the minimum defectiverate in product appearance this research investigates 3 three-level control factors: temperature, time, weight, and 1 two-level noise factor work shift performing L9 orthogonal array experiments. The confirmation experiments were carried out under the optimal parameters. The results show that the product appearance defective rate reduced from 25.55% to 4.44%, which confirms that the process capability can be improved and cost can be reduced by the proposed method.
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Lin, Long-Shan, and 林隆山. "Explore the Optimization Parameters of Desalination Quality at Low Vacuum Negative Pressure of Non-Evaporated Type Fresh Water Generator." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6p583k.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>輪機工程學系<br>105<br>The mainly studies of this thesis is seawater through the non-evaporated type vacuum desalination plant, explore the desalination quality of seawater temperature below the boiling point, study below the boiling point of seawater at the corresponding vacuum pressure of the desalination efficiency and quality (salinity). By extracting seawater through the nozzle to form small particles of water molecules, the pressure plummeted directly after the impact of the rough surface of the split, the water with temperature give to energy rise condensed into fresh water. Using the orthogonal arrays to arrange the combination of the control factor level and then to find the optimization parameters, obtained the experimental results, the purpose is to make this non-evaporated type of fresh water generator’s efficiency close to the flash-type of fresh water generator.
After the analysis, the optimization parameters of non-evaporated type fresh water generator are "seawater temperature 50℃, vacuum negative pressure 250mmHg, roughness P40, liquid column nozzle, eruption surface distance 3.5cm", and salinity is 0.02%, desalination of the amount of water is 35(ml/hr). The final purpose is to reduce energy consumption and temperature below the boiling point, to avoid scale, reduce equipment costs.
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Δίκαρος, Ανδρέας. "Αρνητική διωνυμική κατανομή και εκτίμηση των παραμέτρων της". Thesis, 2010. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/3990.
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Η παρούσα μεταπτυχιακή διατριβή εντάσσεται ερευνητικά στην περιοχή της Στατιστικής θεωρίας Αποφάσεων και ειδικότερα στη μελέτη της αρνητικής διωνυμικής κατανομής καθώς επίσης και στην εκτίμηση των παραμέτρων της.
Στο Κεφάλαιο 1 παρουσιάζονται κάποιοι χρήσιμοι, για την πορεία της μελέτης μας, ορισμοί και θεωρήματα.
Στο Κεφάλαιο 2 μελετάται το μοντέλο της αρνητικής διωνυμικής κατανομής, δίνονται τα χαρακτηριστικά μεγέθη αυτής και παρουσιάζονται οι διαφορετικές παραμετρικοποιήσεις της.
Στο Κεφάλαιο 3, εξετάζεται το πρόβλημα εκτίμησης των παραμέτρων της αρνητικής διωνυμικής κατανομής και πιο ειδικά η εκτίμηση για τις διάφορες παραμετρικοποιήσης της. Για περισσότερη ανάλυση χρησιμοποιούνται η εκτίμηση μέγιστης πιθανοφάνειας, η εκτίμηση με τη μέθοδο των ροπών και πιο εξειδικευμένες υπολογιστικές μέθοδοι εκτίμησης.
Στο Κεφάλαιο 4, και για το ίδιο πρόβλημα εκτίμησης που πραγματεύεται το προηγούμενο κεφάλαιο, επιλέγεται ο βέλτιστος εκτιμητής των παραμέτρων της αρνητικής διωνυμικής κατανομής και παρουσιάζεται ένα παράδειγμα για την κατανόηση των μεθόδων εκτίμησης.<br>The master thesis we are going to introduce takes place in the region of Statistical Decision Theory and particularly in studying the Negative Binomial Distribution and the estimation of its parameters.
In Chapter 1 some useful definitions and theorems are presented.
In Chapter 2 the model of negative binomial distribution is studied and its different parameterizations are discussed.
In Chapter 3 we examine the problem of estimating the parameters of our model and for its parameterizations. In particular we give the method of Maximum Likelihood Estimation, the Method of Moments and more specified Estimation Methods.
In Chapter 4 and for the same estimation problem, as in previous chapter, it’s been chosen the best estimator of the parameters in our model and it’s been derived an example for the better understanding of the above methods.
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He, Baohua. "Smoothing Parameter Selection For A New Regression Estimator For Non-Negative Data." Thesis, 2009. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/976444/1/MR63095.pdf.
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In this thesis, the CV selection technique is applied into Chaubey, Laib and Sen (2008)'s estimator, which is a new regression estimation for nonnegative random variables. The estimator is based on a generalization of Hille's lemma and a perturbation idea. The first and second order MSE are derived. The ISE criteria for the optimal value of smoothing parameter is discussed and also calculated. The simulation results and the Graphical illustrations on the new estimator, comparing with Fan (1992, 2003)'s local kernel regression estimators are provided.
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"Negation and NegP Developmental Steps in Bilingual Spanish/English Children." Doctoral diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.36483.
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abstract: This study explores the development of negation and the Negation Phrase (NegP) in bilingual children learning both English and Spanish. I analyze the speech of four children growing up in the United States who are learning English and Spanish simultaneously in order to establish steps of parameter setting for negation. The transcripts have been taken from Pérez-Bazán’s bilingual corpus from CHILDES (Child Language Data Exchange System). The thorough analysis of the selected corpus data gathered from children ages 2;0 and 3;3 determines the steps children follow in order to develop mastery of negation and the NegP.
This study is an addition to the body of research surrounding language acquisition and the concept of Universal Grammar’s Principles and Parameters framework. The bases for this study is Klima & Bellugi’s (1968) established three steps for acquisition of negation by children in English, as well as Zeijlstra’s (2004) analysis of languages in regards to phases of the Jespersen cycle. The data of this study suggest that there are five basic steps to parameter setting, and that as utterances become syntactically more complex, children value uninterpretable features with interpretable ones. This is seen in both languages studied. The parameters categorized based on the data available for this study are the following: 1) negative particle outside of the VP, 2) NegP creation and development with preverbal negative marker, 3) Negative Concord (NC), 4) True Imperatives (banned or not), and 5) Negative Polarity Items (NPI).
Also important is the placement of the NegP, as it is above the TP in Spanish and c-commanded by the TP in English. The development of the NegP and uninterpretable negation [uNeg] valuation by interpretable negation [iNeg] is also explored in the utterances of the four children studied.
This study confirms Klima & Bellugi’s account of steps and further defines child negation in English as well as in Spanish. The focus on [iNeg] and [uNeg] features is further explained using Zeijlstra’s Phases of the Jespersen cycle as a springboard. I add salient information regarding parameter setting and how negation and the NegP are developed across two languages.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>Doctoral Dissertation English 2015
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Liu, Tsung-Han, and 劉宗翰. "A study of Some of the Confidence Intervals for a Negative Binomial Parameter." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25372742008636116530.
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碩士<br>淡江大學<br>管理科學研究所碩士班<br>96<br>This article is providing confidence intervals for a negative binomial
distribution using Coverage Probability and Confidence Interval Expected Length to be criteria which pick out whose Confidence Interval Expected Length is shorter and Coverage Probability is higher that reach our requirements.
Many researchers investigated confidence interval for binomial distribution but few researchers studied confidence interval for a negative binomial distribution. We use the method of Clopper-Pearson to find whether parameter p of a negative binomial distribution is in its interval and compare with two different parameters which one is better.
This article also adds Bayes methods that include non-informative Prior distribution and informative Prior distribution. Therefore, we consider 4 cases of Beta distribution for Prior as follow (a)α=1/2，β=1/2(b)α=1，β=1/2(c)α=5，β=1/2(d)α=10，β=1/2. We try to find a appropriate confidence interval to reach confidence level (1-α) or higher with small sample size.
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Wen, Chi-Chun, and 温啟君. "A simulation study for estimating the parametersof zero-inflated negative binomial distribution." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25612469063687365982.
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Chang, Yu-Chen, and 張妤真. "A simulation study on estimation of the clumping parameter of a negative binomial distribution." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40123732756803862450.
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Rausch, Joseph R. "Designing longitudinal studies of negative exponential growth according to the reliabilities of growth parameter estimators." 2004. http://etd.nd.edu.lib-proxy.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07092004-131544/.
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Hädrich, Gunter. "Untersuchungen zu der Entwicklung der Körperkondition, dem peripartalen Stoffwechsel und der Morbidität von Hochleistungskühen." Doctoral thesis, 2006. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A10675.
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Steigende Milchleistung geht bei Milchkühen mit immer stärkeren Stoffwechselbelastungen einher. Stoffwechselstörungen und damit gekoppelte Erkrankungen konzentrieren sich be-sonders auf den Zeitraum der Frühlaktation. Prophylaktischen Maßnahmen kommen deshalb erhebliche Bedeutungen im Sinne der Wirtschaftlichkeit und des Tierschutzes zu. Zielstellung vorliegender Untersuchung war vorwiegend die Fragestellung, ob sich Erkran-kungen post partum (p.p.) bereits in der Trockenstehperiode bzw. vor deren klinischer Mani-festation durch Stoffwechseluntersuchungen erkennen lassen. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage wurden während eines Jahres bei insgesamt 969 SB-Kühen sowie -Färsen einer MVA mit einer durchschnittlichen Milchjahresleistung von 8950 kg sono-graphisch die Rückenfettdicke (RFD) am 56. d, 28. d, 10. d ante partum (a.p.) sowie am 3. d, 28. d, 56. d, 120. d p.p. gemessen. Für die Stoffwechselbeurteilung wurden Blutproben am 28. d und 10. d a.p. sowie am 3. d und 28. d p.p. entnommen und darin die Gesamtleuko-zytenzahl, Parameter des Energie- und Fettstoffwechsels (BHB, FFS, Glucose, Insulin, Bili-rubin, Cholesterol, Lactat), des Proteinstoffwechsels (Gesamtprotein, Albumin, Harnstoff, Creatinin), der Leberfunktion (GLDH, GGT, AST), des Mineralstoffwechsels (Na, K, Cl, Ca, Pi, Fe, Mg), die Enzymaktivitäten der CK und AP sowie die Konzentration der endokrinen Parameter Östradiol und IGF-1 analysiert. Die am 10. d a.p. sowie am 28. d p.p. entnom-menen Harnproben dienten der pH-Wert Messung und der Bestimmung der Netto-Säuren-Basen-Ausscheidung (NSBA). Für die statistische Bearbeitung wurden folgende Gruppen (n) gebildet: Mastitis (25), Dislocatio abomasi (25), Gebärparese (25), Klauenerkrankung (25), Endometritis/Lochio-metra (25), Retentio secundinarum (25), Ovarialzysten (25), Tot- (25) und Schwergeburten (25), Frühgeburten (12), Zwillingsträchtigkeiten (25) sowie gesunde Tiere (25). Für die Auswahl der gesunden Gruppe wurden folgende Kriterien postuliert: keine klinische Erkrankung bis 4 Monate p.p., RFD 27 mm, Leukozytenzahl zu allen Entnahmezeitpunkten <10 G/l. Die gesunden Kühe wiesen 28 d p.p. repräsentativ für den Gesamtbestand eine starke Ab-nahme der RFD und erhöhte BHB-Konzentrationen (x̃=0,75 mmol/l) auf. Der Dislocatio abomasi gingen am 3. d p.p. im Vergleich zu allen Gruppen die höchsten (p≤0,05) FFS-Medianwerte (>1200 mol/l) sowie erhöhte (p≤0,05) BHB- und Bilirubin-Kon-zentrationen voraus. 28 d p.p. bestanden weiterhin erhöhte BHB- und FFS-Konzentrationen sowie erhöhte (p≤0,05) GLDH-, AST- und CK-Aktivitäten. Die RFD nahm p.p. überdurch-schnittlich ab. Kühe mit späterer Gebärparese hatten während der Trockenstehperiode er-niedrigte AP-Aktivitäten (p≤0,001) sowie erniedrigte Bilirubinkonzentrationen. Bei Kühen der Gruppen Endometritis/Lochiometra und Retentio secundinarum gingen a.p. gesteigerte FFS-BHB- und Glucose- (p≤0,05) Konzentrationen voraus. Am 3. d p.p. dominierten in beiden Gruppen signifikant veränderte FFS-, Bilirubin- und Ca- sowie Glucose-, Cholesterol und Pi-Konzentrationen außerhalb der Referenzwerte. Bei Tieren mit Retentio secundinarum blieben die FFS-Konzentrationen bis zum 28. d p.p. gesteigert (p≤0,05). Kühe mit späteren Ovarialzysten hatten 28 d a.p. erhöhte BHB-, Glucose- und Fe-Konzentrationen sowie CK-Aktivitäten, 10 d a.p. erhöhte CK- und erniedrigte IGF-1-Konzentrationen (p≤0,05). Am 3 d p.p. bestanden stärker veränderte Bilirubin-, Ca- sowie bis 28 d p.p. anhaltend erhöhte FFS- und BHB-Konzentrationen (p≤0,05). Die Gruppen Tot- und Schwergeburten zeigten während der Trockenstehperiode erhöhte Glucose- (p≤0,05) und FFS-Konzentrationen sowie gesteigerte CK-Aktivitäten. Zwillingstragende Kühe hatten a.p. gesteigerte FFS-Konzen-trationen (p≤0,05), am 3. d p.p. Leukopenie, gesteigerte FFS-, BHB-, Glucose- und Bilirubin- sowie verminderte Cholesterol- und Ca-Konzentrationen (p≤0,05) sowie bis 28 d p.p. anhaltend BHB-, AST- und CK-Abweichungen. Bei den Parametern des Proteinstoffwechsels und der Leberfunktion waren zu den kontrol-lierten Zeitpunkten in der Trockenstehphase keine Abweichungen zwischen gesunden und kranken Rindern statistisch zu sichern. Diese besitzen somit kein frühdiagnostisches Poten-tial in Hinblick auf das Risiko des Auftretens späterer Erkrankungen und erwiesen sich auch in der Frühlaktation als stabil. Die teilweise deutlichen Energiestoffwechselstörungen führten nicht zwangsläufig zu gesicherten Abweichungen von Leberfunktionsparametern. Es ist zu schlussfolgern, dass die meisten Erkrankungsgruppen schon a.p. durch Stoffwech-selstörungen auffallen, besonders durch signifikant gesteigerte FFS- und Glucose-Konzen-trationen. Am 3. d p.p. kommen hauptsächlich erhöhte BHB-, Bilirubin-Konzentrationen, CK- Aktivitäten und verminderte Ca- sowie Cholesterolkonzentrationen hinzu. Dies gilt beson-ders für Kühe mit Dislocatio abomasi. Fruchtbarkeitsstörungen kündigen sich bei Kühen mit späteren Ovarialzysten bereits 28 bzw. 10 d a.p. durch signifikant (p≤0,05) erniedrigte IGF1-Konzentrationen an. Kühe mit Gebärparese fallen schon in der Trockenstehperiode durch stark erniedrigte AP-Aktivitäten (x̃<45 U/l) auf. Somit lassen sich die genannten postpartalen Erkrankungen bereits a.p. selektiv subklinisch nachweisen. Diese Erkenntnis kann als Grundlage für einen Screening zur Früherkennung von Krankheitsdispositionen genutzt werden.
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Kandic, Miodrag. "Asymptotic limits of negative group delay phenomenon in linear causal media." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4958.
Full textAbstract:
Abnormal electromagnetic wave propagation characterized by negative group velocity and consequently negative group delay (NGD) has been observed in certain materials as well as in artificially built structures. Within finite frequency intervals where an NGD phenomenon is observed, higher frequency components of the applied waveform are propagated with phase advancement, not delay, relative to the lower frequency components. These media have found use in many applications that require positive delay compensation and an engineered phase characteristic, such as eliminating phase variation with frequency in phase shifters, beam-squint minimization in phased array antenna systems, size reduction of feed-forward amplifiers and others.
The three principal questions this thesis addresses are: can a generic formulation for artificial NGD structures based on electric circuit resonators be developed; is it possible to derive a quantitative functional relationship (asymptotic limit) between the maximum achievable NGD and the identified trade-off quantity (out-of-band gain); and, can a microwave circuit exhibiting a fully loss-compensated NGD propagation in both directions be designed and implemented? A generic frequency-domain formulation of artificial NGD structures based on electric circuit resonators is developed and characterized by three parameters, namely center frequency, bandwidth and the out-of-band gain. The developed formulation is validated through several topologies reported in the literature. The trade-off relationship between the achievable NGD on one hand, and the out-of-band gain on the other, is identified. The out-of-band gain is shown to be proportional to transient amplitudes when waveforms with defined “turn on/off” times are propagated through an NGD medium. An asymptotic limit for achievable NGD as a function of the out-of-band gain is derived for multi-stage resonator-based NGD circuits as well as for an optimally engineered linear causal NGD medium.
Passive NGD media exhibit loss which can be compensated for via active elements. However, active elements are unilateral in nature and therefore do not allow propagation in both directions. A bilateral gain-compensated circuit is designed and implemented, which overcomes this problem by employing a dual-amplifier configuration while preserving the overall circuit stability.
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El-Khatib, Mayar. "Highway Development Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Analysis, Critique and Advancement." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5741.
Full textAbstract:
While decision-making under uncertainty is a major universal problem, its implications in the field of transportation systems are especially enormous; where the benefits of right decisions are tremendous, the consequences of wrong ones are potentially disastrous.
In the realm of highway systems, decisions related to the highway configuration (number of lanes, right of way, etc.) need to incorporate both the traffic demand and land price uncertainties. In the literature, these uncertainties have generally been modeled using the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process, which has been used extensively in modeling many other real life phenomena. But few scholars, including those who used the GBM in highway configuration decisions, have offered any rigorous justification for the use of this model.
This thesis attempts to offer a detailed analysis of various aspects of transportation systems in relation to decision-making. It reveals some general insights as well as a new concept that extends the notion of opportunity cost to situations where wrong decisions could be made. Claiming deficiency of the GBM model, it also introduces a new formulation that utilizes a large and flexible parametric family of jump models (i.e., Lévy processes). To validate this claim, data related to traffic demand and land prices were collected and analyzed to reveal that their distributions, heavy-tailed and asymmetric, do not match well with the GBM model. As a remedy, this research used the Merton, Kou, and negative inverse Gaussian Lévy processes as possible alternatives.
Though the results show indifference in relation to final decisions among the models, mathematically, they improve the precision of uncertainty models and the decision-making process. This furthers the quest for optimality in highway projects and beyond.