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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Negative Peace

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Academic literature on the topic 'Negative Peace'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Negative Peace"

1

Diehl, Paul F. "Exploring Peace: Looking Beyond War and Negative Peace." International Studies Quarterly 60, no. 1 (February 25, 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqw005.

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Gay, William C. "Nonsexist Public Discourse And Negative Peace." Acorn 9, no. 1 (1997): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/acorn1997915.

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Conforti, Oscar Daniel Franco. "Education for Peace What Building Peace Means." Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal 2, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birle.v2i4.490.

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The idea of a society without conflicts is not a utopia, however, no less certain is that a priori social peace is only imaginable in a world of individuals who live in a space without any shortage and who have neither ambition nor greed to try to achieve new goals or objectives, this comes to say that jurists must, from their field, make significant contributions to achieve that objective: social peace. But peace has two distinct senses: negative and positive peace. By negative peace, we will understand the absence of violence, negative peace is conflict transformation, so that violence (direct, structural and cultural) stops, full stop (and we must be very careful about that because these forms of violence are interrelated and mutually reinforcing), this concept is complemented by positive peace which is cooperation for mutual and equal benefit, and the word equal is very important here because brings us closer to the harmony concept. In that sensewell know is the Galtung’s 3Rs: reconstruction of peoples and places alter the violence, reconciliation of the parties in conflict and resolution of animosities. The present article does not seek to develop any of these issues in-depth but rather to establish the basis for understanding the concept of peacebuilding.

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Owsiak, Andrew P., Paul F. Diehl, and Gary Goertz. "Border settlement and the movement toward and from negative peace." Conflict Management and Peace Science 34, no. 2 (July 8, 2016): 176–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894216650420.

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How does border settlement—that is, the management of salient territorial conflict—affect the prospects for negative peace? Using recently released data on dyadic interstate relationships during the period 1946–2001, we build on territorial peace research to argue, predict, and find three connections between border settlement and negative peace. More specifically, border settlement: (a) increases the likelihood that a dyad is at negative peace; (b) raises the likelihood that dyads transition from rivalry to negative peace relationships; and (c) consolidates negative peace—by impeding transitions toward rivalry relationships. We confirm each of these findings with a commonly used measure of border settlement, as well as an alternative indicator of unsettled borders: civil wars. These findings cumulatively support our argument, demonstrate the importance of studying relationships outside the rivalry context, and suggest that border settlement plays a critical role in the emergence and consolidation of negative peace.

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Jung, Jaeyo, and Soongab Youn. "Negative/Positive Peace Theory and Peace Orientation of Baekbeom Kim Gu’s Thought." OUGHTOPIA 33, no. 3 (November 30, 2018): 43–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32355/oughtopia.2018.11.33.3.43.

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Sugiharto, Ignatius Bambang. "Negative Memory, Art and the World Peace." Tattva Journal of Philosophy 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2012): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12726/tjp.8.2.

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In the World agitated by terrorism, solidification of identity, paranoia, xenophobia and genocide, art indeed expresses the negativity, that is, the void, the chaos, or the spiritual blindness of the socio-cultural plight. But it also serves as a diagnostic tool for identifying the disease; a process of intensifying and heightening our perceptual awareness of the crises; a necessary visualization of the ciritical interface between body, mind and soul. Art renders palpabic the ugliness, the meanness, the unbearableness of life, and this, in turn, will open the possibility to see what ultimately is mroe desirable, the deeper mystery of the soul, what we usually call 'peace'. It is in this spiritual sense that art can serve as the negation of negation.

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Cohrs, J. Christopher, and Klaus Boehnke. "Social Psychology and Peace." Social Psychology 39, no. 1 (January 2008): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335.39.1.4.

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Abstract. This paper begins by giving an overview of why and in which ways social psychological research can be relevant to peace. Galtung's (1969) distinction between negative peace (the absence of direct violence) and positive peace (the absence of structural violence, or the presence of social justice) is crossed with a focus on factors that are detrimental (obstacles) to peace versus factors that are conducive to peace (catalysts), yielding a two-by-two classification of social psychological contributions to peace. Research falling into these four classes is cited in brief, with a particular focus on four exemplary topics: support for military interventions as an obstacle to negative peace; antiwar activism as a catalyst of negative peace; ideologies legitimizing social inequality as an obstacle to positive peace; and commitment to human rights as a catalyst of positive peace. Based on this conceptual framework, the remaining six articles of the special issue “Social Psychology and Peace” are briefly introduced.

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Wagner, Richard V. "Distinguishing between Positive and Negative Approaches to Peace." Journal of Social Issues 44, no. 2 (July 1988): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1988.tb02060.x.

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Kazansky, Rastislav, Marijana Musladin, and Ivana Ondrejmiskova. "Bosnia and Herzegovina: From War to Negative Peace." Security Dimensions 35, no. 35 (March 31, 2021): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8239.

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Through the history Bosnia and Herzegovina, as a territory and as a country, has been very unstable and full of ethnical diversity; nowadays not much has changed. It is a new century, there is a new political ideology and new structures; however, the protagonists still have different ethnical backgrounds. Changing the ideology in the area of the Balkans was very difficult and followed by dispute between the people and by a bloody war. To whom the territory belongs, who was first there, and who has more right to claim that territory – these are the main questions with which nationalists and politicians rule over the whole populations. This contribution is focusing on the process of conflict transformation from violence and total war into the reduction of violence. Bosnia and Herzegovina formally applied for EU membership on 15 February 2016, following years of constitutional reforms and commitments with the Dayton Peace Agreement.

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Taufik, Zulfan. "FROM NEGATIVE TO POSITIVE PEACE: STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF YOUTH IN RELIGIOUS PEACEBUILDING IN BUKITTINGGI, WEST SUMATRA." AKADEMIKA: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 25, no. 2 (October 4, 2020): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v25i2.2132.

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Youth as religious peacebuilding actors still receive less attention in academic studies and peace praxis. It often makes youth being depicted as victims or as perpetrators of violence in religious conflict. This study specifically seeks to explore the efforts of youth involvement and also to strengthen the capacity of the youth in making religious peacebuilding in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. By using the action research method, this research found that Bukittinggi is at negative peace, which is still at the level of mere absence of war and saving the seeds of mutual suspicion between interfaith believers. It is undoubtedly because of a lack of interaction and openness between the interfaith believers. As for the strengthening efforts are undertaken through interfaith youth forum, youth for peace workshop, and the initiation of the interfaith youth organization. That various efforts give hope for the future of religious peace in Bukittinggi from negative peace to positive peace. It is because youth offer creative energy and active potential to transform violent conflict and foster active peace. Keywords: Youth, Religious Peacebuilding, Negative Peace, Positive Peace, Bukittinggi.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Negative Peace"

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Kanemoto, Emi. "Rhetorical Complexity of Advocating Intercultural Peace: Post-World War II Peace Discourse." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1573829203404354.

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Törnberg, Julia. "Peace in Liberia? : A status quo evaluation of United Nations peacekeeping five years later." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104760.

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Discussions about the utility of United Nations (UN) peacekeeping has been ongoing since its emergence in the late 1940s, and scholars have studied different peacekeeping missions from various perspectives. However, there is a gap in the research when it comes to evaluating the state of peace in countries that have experienced successful UN peacekeeping missions a few years after the mission is finished. The UN peacekeeping mission in Liberia (UNMIL) was deemed a success when it was finished. For that reason, this study investigates the state of peace in Liberia five years after the UN peacekeeping mission handed overall security-related responsibilities to the Liberian government in 2016. The state of peace in Liberia today will be analyzed using Johan Galtung’s definition of peace and violence. This study has been conducted as a qualitative desk and case study and has followed abductive reasoning. The data used in this study have been analyzed through text analysis. Findings show that the UN indeed succeeded in reaching their goals for the mission. But, when applying Galtung’s definition of peace and violence it is clear that the goals set by the UN can be categorized as negative peace, which means the absence of direct violence. Positive peace however, which means the absence of direct, structural and cultural violence, has not yet been achieved since there is still high levels of corruption and discrimination in the country. The conclusion includes a discussion about whether or not the UN can and/or shall aim for positive peace, or if negative peace is a realistic goal and then hand the process of achieving higher levels of positive peace to the host country, in this case Liberia.

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Kartal, Kazim. "Tracing The Evolution Of Un Peacekeeping: Peacebuilding, Internal Conflicts And Liberal Restructuring." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607607/index.pdf.

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Peacekeeping, which was born as an innovation of the United Nations system in an ad hoc way, has transformed in the post-Cold War. In the post-Cold War era, the number of peacekeeping operations increased, new tasks were introduced and the end goal of the operations has changed. Besides, the prevailing understanding of UN peacekeeping has transformed thereby leading us to use the terms peacebuilding and peace operations rather than mere peacekeeping. While during the Cold War era, peacekeeping meant to supervise the ceasefire after interstate conflicts, in the post-Cold War era, peace operations have been mostly utilised in internal conflicts with a view to bring sustainable peace in the lands of internal conflicts. Furthermore, while during the Cold War era, peacekeeping mainly concerned peace/security and sovereignty upon the conflicts
human security and socio-economic development have been embedded into the agenda of peace operations in the post-Cold War era. This thesis offers two dynamics based on a normative change as the underlying cause behind this transformation. In the post-Cold War era, international norms have changed and brought a new parameter: internal conflicts are to be responded. Based on this normative change, the first dynamic is related with the challenge, which internal conflicts pose for peace operations, and the second dynamic is the rise of liberal internationalism, which tends to organise domestic realms of the states.

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Schubert, Nick, and Sabo Krcic. "Here lies our beloved project, may it rest in peace - the impact of grief after project failure : An exploratory study of negative emotions within the context of project failure and their impact on emotional recovery and subsequent learning." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48903.

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Background: Firms steadily increase their entrepreneurial activities to maintain competitive advantages as today’s fast-paced business environment requires dynamic responding to increasing customer demands. Projects serve to internally coordinate and respond to external influences that require a firm to react. Meeting set objectives when managing projects is deemed as a necessity when endeavoring to stay competitive. The increased frequency of initiated projects resulting from this setting demands involved project managers to rapidly and effectively recover from project failure as subsequent project success often lies within the seeds of previous failures. Yet, failing can cause intense negative emotional reactions, oftentimes grief. Therefore, we aimed to explore the impact of grief on project managers’ recovery and learning after project failure within the scope of this research. Purpose: Our aim was to understand and reflect on project managers’ perspectives on how they recover from the negative emotional experience after project failure within organizations and what the role of grieving is within this process. We claim that organizations and project managers can utilize our findings to enhance their understanding of this complex interplay. Method: To meet our research aims, we conducted a qualitative multi-case study with an exploratory research design based on an abductive form of grounded theory. Our primary data were gathered through in-depth interviews with a semi-structured approach. Sixteen current or former project managers from a variety of industries were interviewed as they shared their experience on project failure. Finally, we used grounded analysis to make sense of and derive findings of the collected data. Conclusion: Our findings unveil the complex interrelations among project failure, grief, emotional recovery, and learning when surveying it as one intertwined process. We identified the influence of grief on project managers as two-fold: it can interfere with the recovery process and obstruct learning, yet, it can serve as a driving force for action and enhanced abilities. When utilizing beneficial aspects of project failure, organizational support plays an essential role - if mutually coordinated between organization and project managers.

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Almeida, Márcia Alexandra Santos Ferreira. "Os direitos humanos em tempos de paz negativa. A Síria e a Somália como estudos de caso." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18770.

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A questão dos Direitos Humanos e as suas violações continuam a passar despercebidas a nível mundial. Perante uma Paz negativa, é o dever da comunidade internacional interferir na construção de Paz em Estados dominados pela violência e fazer esforços na prevenção de conflitos. Os confrontos que se alastram em diferentes regiões da Somália, sob controlo de grupos rebeldes e a escalada de violência que levou a uma crise humanitária na Síria, com habitantes de ambos os países a terem de se deslocar e a refugiarem-se em países vizinhos por não se sentirem seguros no próprio país, são os estudos de caso escolhidos para analisar o que tem falhado na sua resolução. É também necessário realçar a emergência dos Estudos da Paz, presentes na ordem do dia da política mundial na mediação de conflitos, na gestão de crises e cooperação nas sociedades afetadas pela violência; Abstract: Human Rights in times of negative peace. Syria and Somalia as case studies The human rights subject and their violations continue unnoticed in a global level. Faced with a negative peace, it is the duty of the internacional community to assist in building peace in states where violence dominates and make efforts in preventing conflicts. The deadly confrontations that spread through diferentes regions in Somalia, under the control of rebels groups, and the escalation of violence that led to a humanitarian crisis in Syria, with the population of both countries moving around and taking shelters in neighbor countries because they don’t feel safe in their own, are the case studies chosen to analyze what has failed in their solution. It is also necessary to enhance the emergency of Peace Studies, which comes in the agenda of world politics in conflict mediation, in crisis management and cooperation in societies affected by violence.

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Kuľková, Miroslava. "Regionální tranzice - od konfliktu ke spolupráci." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-437632.

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Doctoral thesis Regional Transition - From Conflict to Cooperation examines the transformation of world regions from non-cooperative to. It brings reconceptualization of the peaceful change, which it understands as a continuum - negative peace, positive peace, and security community. This understanding builds on the existing literature on peaceful change, yet the conceptualization of the stages is innovated. The main goal of this dissertation is to capture the dynamic process of transition from negative to positive peace, and from positive peace to the security community. It uses findings from the literature on peaceful changes and trust-building to build two comprehensive mechanisms of transition that are subsequently traced with the method of process-tracing in two cases of the region for each type of transition. The focus is on the entities and activities producing the qualitative change in the regional relations. For the transition from negative to positive peace, Western Balkans in the period from 1999 to 2011, and Southeast Asia from 1966 to 2003 are chosen. For the transition from positive peace to the security community, Western Europe (1957-2004) and North America (1940s- 2011) are chosen.

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Books on the topic "Negative Peace"

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1947-, Montgomery Stephen, ed. The voice: Overcome negative self-talk and discover your inner wisdom. New York: Sterling Ethos, 2011.

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Page, Michael Von Tangen. A negative peace: Northern Ireland and the Good Friday agreement. London: Centre for Defence Studies, 2000.

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Haile-Mariam, Mengistu. Eighth Party Plenum denounces negative response of terrorists to peace call: Excerpts from the central report presented by Comrade Mengistu Haile-Mariam...to the Eighth Plenum of the CC of the WPE. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Information, 1988.

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Peacekeeping and the African Union: Building Negative Peace. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Richmond, Oliver P. 3. Peace in modernity. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199656004.003.0004.

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‘Peace in modernity’ looks at peace in the 20th century and describes how it has shaped the views we have of peace today. The 20th-century international system was based on states, laws, constitutions, and civil society. These bodies represented a progressive version of peace. The modern view of peace tends to be secular and focuses on security, human rights, politics, and democracy. Modern peace comprises different stages: security first (a negative peace) followed by positive peace (reducing arms and changes to trade). This form of liberal peace has become the foundation of the modern international system of states and order.

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Langer, Gigi. 50 ways to worry less now: Reject negative thinking to find peace, clarity, and connection. 2018.

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Richmond, Oliver P. 2. Peace in history. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199656004.003.0003.

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‘Peace in history’ considers the significance of violence for contemporary international relations by looking at different forms and key dimensions of peace in history. A common historical belief is that humanity is unable to fulfil its potential without peace. As well as there being a ‘will to power’ there is also a ‘will to peace’. There will always be a need for conflict and a need for peace. The historic evolution of peace has moved from a negative and narrow version to a positive and broad notion of peace. It has evolved as an aspiration and a fact, emerging from alliances, social movements, and institutions as well as political, social, and economic philosophical thinking.

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Richmond, Oliver P. 9. Hybrid forms of peace. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199656004.003.0010.

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‘Hybrid forms of peace’ describes types of peace which lie beyond liberal peace frameworks. These are emerging in diverse locations around the world today and are neither strictly liberal nor local. They are hybrids, formed through political contestation involving a range of actors, their preferences, and security interests. These forms of peace can be either negative or positive. The issues that those aiming at peacebuilding and statebuilding face raise the question of how contributions to peace from a range of informal local actors may be understood and externally supported.

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Evans, Lisa L. Turning A Negative Into A Positive : : 101 Creative Tips For Saving Money And Finding Financial Peace. AuthorHouse, 2012.

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Stephenson, Carolyn. Peace Research/Peace Studies: A Twentieth Century Intellectual History. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.273.

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Peace research is a component of the field of international relations (IR) that focuses on the causes of war and violence as well as the conditions of peace. The origins of peace research can be traced to the works of Plato, Thucydides, Hugo Grotius, Thomas Hobbes, and Immanuel Kant. The central debate in peace research revolved around the question of whether peace is to be defined simply as the absence of war and direct violence (“negative peace”) or the whether the concept encompasses both the absence of war and direct violence plus the presence of social justice (“positive peace”). Three primary waves of peace studies worldwide since its beginnings between the world wars can be identified: the first wave, roughly from the 1930s to 1960s, focused largely on the causes of war; the second wave was concerned with radicalization and democratization of peace studies; and the third wave saw the rise of two dominant fields—those of nuclear weapons, arms control and disarmament, and conflict resolution/management. During the 1990s, there was a renewed attention to research on topics such as sanctions, peacemaking, the concept of a culture of peace, environment, development, and conflict. Peace research and peace studies have in some ways brought about a transformation not only of dominant power structures, but also of the very concept of power itself. However, there are areas that need improvement, such as developing alternatives to armed conflict and injustice.

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Book chapters on the topic "Negative Peace"

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Galtung, Johan, and Dietrich Fischer. "Positive and Negative Peace." In Johan Galtung, 173–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32481-9_17.

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O’Ballance, Edgar. "Negative Peace Talks: 1992." In The Palestinian Intifada, 116–36. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26106-2_6.

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van Iterson Scholten, Gijsbert M. "Peace in Peace Studies: Beyond the ‘Negative/Positive’ Divide." In Visions of Peace of Professional Peace Workers, 27–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27975-2_2.

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Bouka, Yolande. "Burundi: Between War and Negative Peace." In War and Peace in Africa’s Great Lakes Region, 17–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58124-8_2.

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Peou, Sorpong. "Perspectives on negative peace and human security." In Peace and Security in Indo-Pacific Asia, 115–30. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003132646-7.

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Qu, Jingyuan, Muamer Kadic, Andreas Naber, Alexander Gerber, Frederik Mayer, and Martin Wegener. "3D Metamaterials with Negative Thermal Expansion and Negative Effective Compressibility." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics, 431. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1544-5_47.

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Krivilev, V. "Prevention of Oil Spills Caused by Premeditated Negative Influence." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, 259. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8565-9_32.

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Issar, Arie S. "Progressive Development of the Water Resources of Israel and Palestine to Mitigate the Negative Impact of Global Warming." In Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace, 447–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17776-7_24.

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Badiou, Alain. "Destruction, Negation, Subtraction." In The Scandal of Self-Contradiction, 269–77. Vienna: Turia + Kant, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-06_15.

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Pasolini was simultaneously a revolutionary Marxist and a man forever influenced by his religious childhood. So his question was: do the revolutionary becoming of history and political negativity represent a destruction of the tragic beauty of the Greek myths and of the peaceful promise of Christianity? Or do we have to speak of a subtraction where an affirmative reconciliation of beauty and peace becomes possible in a new egalitarian world?

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Townshend, Charles. "The Indian Negative." In Making the Peace, 23–35. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198229780.003.0002.

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Conference papers on the topic "Negative Peace"

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Herdaetha, Adriesti, Aris Sudiyanto, RB Sumanto, Endang Sutisna Suleman, and Wijaya Kusuma. "Social Capital Phenomenology Study among People Who Treat A Mental Disorder Caregivers." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.40.

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ABSTRACT Background: It’s a stressor to have a family of mental illnesses. Financial, social, psychological, and physical burdens are created by looking after people with mental disorders. For the patient, the family is the informal caregiver. It is important to discuss, with a great burden, how social capital can be developed and how the role of social capital is played in treating people with mental disorders. The research was carried out on Javanese individuals who have a cultural structure that prioritizes the importance of peace in collective life. Not only the nuclear family, but also the extended family and the larger community are active in the life of Javanese society. This study aimed to describe the social capital phenomenology study among people who treat mental disorder caregivers. Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study using a phenomenological study approach. The study was carried out in Surakarta City, Central Java, in September and October 2019. These study subjects were people who were carers for people with mental disorders. The sample was taken using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and observation. Qualitative data analysis was obtained by means of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions and verification. Data reliability was carried out using NVivo 12 software. Data validity was done by matching the results of interviews with observations, as well as multiple interviews. Results: Data was collected from four respondents with different demographic backgrounds. Six themes were obtained, namely 1) trust in God, government, family, and neighbors; 2) The role of family and neighbors in seeking help; 3) The role of family and neighbors in caring for patients; 4) building social networks; 5) Participation in society; and 6) Social capital is dynamic. Conclusion: The respondents are found to have the same social cognitive capital, but different social structural capital. The level of education, the economic level, self-esteem, and the behavior of people with mental disorders are influenced by structural social capital. Family and neighbors can have a positive or negative role in looking after people with mental disorders. They also play a role in the decision to seek assistance for individuals with mental disorders. Keywords: mental disorders, carers, social capital Correspondence: Adriesti Herdaetha. Doctoral Program of Community Development / Empowerment, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: aherdaetha@gmail.com. Mobile: +628122582995 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.40

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Koychuev, Turar, and Merim Koichueva. "On the Non-Economic Factors of Impact on the Eurasian Economic Cooperation." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01287.

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Treat the entire Asia and Europe as a geo-economic space is impossible and counterproductive. In our opinion, Eurasian geo-economic space can be considered as a geographical area, which is the junction between Europe and Asia. Geographically, it is - the Urals, the Volga region, the Caspian Sea region of Russia, post-Soviet Central Asia, the Caucasus and the territory where Turkey and Xinjiang is located. The economic interests of the Eurasian countries for "unity" can be the same, but there are non-economic conditions (state and political system, the mode of government - authoritarian, democratic, way of life of the state - secular, religious, moral and cultural values, ideological differences, and historical features of interethnic relations) that as factors may influence positively or negatively. Principles of formation of the Eurasian Economic Cooperation shall include economic feasibility and mutual benefit, political loyalty, ideological, philosophical and ethnic tolerance, peer contacts, peace-loving nature and solving conflict with a positive decision.

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Lopez varela, Susana, and Joan Moreno Sanz. "La red de transporte masivo como soporte del sistema de espacios abiertos metropolitanos. Caso de estudio: La Línea 2 del Metro de Lima." In ISUF-h 2019 - CIUDAD COMPACTA VERSUS CIUDAD DIFUSA. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isufh2019.2019.9654.

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El modelo de desarrollo urbano disperso y monofuncional, ha incrementado la movilidad urbana y la dependencia de sistemas de locomoción individuales, generando externalidades negativas ambientales y sociales: contaminación atmosférica, fragmentación de los espacios abiertos, desigualdad social, etc. La planificación urbana orientada a la movilidad sostenible es uno de los retos del desarrollo urbano futuro. La promoción de sistemas de transporte masivo en entornos urbanos densos y mixtos, debería contribuir, no sólo a mejorar la eficiencia de las redes de transporte y a reducir el impacto de la movilidad, sino también a ayudar a estructurar un sistema de espacios abiertos metropolitanos. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal evaluar el papel de la red de transporte público masivo, como vertebrador de un sistema de espacios abiertos físicamente conectados y socialmente inclusivos. Como caso de estudio se ha tomado la nueva Línea 2 del Metro de Lima, actualmente en ejecución, y como insumo para la definición del sistema, el Plan de Espacios Abiertos e Infraestructura Ecológica en Lima (PEAIE). La complementariedad entre ambos podría contribuir a mejorar la conectividad ambiental y la inclusión social en los nuevos espacios abiertos asociados al proyecto. Metodológicamente se evaluarán, a partir de la definición de indicadores, las variables de conectividad, calidad ambiental e inclusión social de los espacios abiertos de Lima en relación a la nueva Línea 2 del Metro. En conclusión, la planificación urbana integrada y orientada al transporte masivo permitiría redefinir el papel de los espacios abiertos como un sistema interconectado, accesible e inclusivo.

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4

Lopez varela, Susana, and Joan Moreno Sanz. "La red de transporte masivo como soporte del sistema de espacios abiertos metropolitanos. Caso de estudio: La Línea 2 del Metro de Lima." In ISUF-h 2019 - CIUDAD COMPACTA VERSUS CIUDAD DIFUSA. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isufh2019.2020.9654.

Full text

Abstract:

El modelo de desarrollo urbano disperso y monofuncional, ha incrementado la movilidad urbana y la dependencia de sistemas de locomoción individuales, generando externalidades negativas ambientales y sociales: contaminación atmosférica, fragmentación de los espacios abiertos, desigualdad social, etc. La planificación urbana orientada a la movilidad sostenible es uno de los retos del desarrollo urbano futuro. La promoción de sistemas de transporte masivo en entornos urbanos densos y mixtos, debería contribuir, no sólo a mejorar la eficiencia de las redes de transporte y a reducir el impacto de la movilidad, sino también a ayudar a estructurar un sistema de espacios abiertos metropolitanos. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal evaluar el papel de la red de transporte público masivo, como vertebrador de un sistema de espacios abiertos físicamente conectados y socialmente inclusivos. Como caso de estudio se ha tomado la nueva Línea 2 del Metro de Lima, actualmente en ejecución, y como insumo para la definición del sistema, el Plan de Espacios Abiertos e Infraestructura Ecológica en Lima (PEAIE). La complementariedad entre ambos podría contribuir a mejorar la conectividad ambiental y la inclusión social en los nuevos espacios abiertos asociados al proyecto. Metodológicamente se evaluarán, a partir de la definición de indicadores, las variables de conectividad, calidad ambiental e inclusión social de los espacios abiertos de Lima en relación a la nueva Línea 2 del Metro. En conclusión, la planificación urbana integrada y orientada al transporte masivo permitiría redefinir el papel de los espacios abiertos como un sistema interconectado, accesible e inclusivo.

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Reports on the topic "Negative Peace"

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Gordon, Eleanor, and Briony Jones. Building Success in Development and Peacebuilding by Caring for Carers: A Guide to Research, Policy and Practice to Ensure Effective, Inclusive and Responsive Interventions. University of Warwick Press, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-911675-00-6.

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The experiences and marginalisation of international organisation employees with caring responsibilities has a direct negative impact on the type of security and justice being built in conflict-affected environments. This is in large part because international organisations fail to respond to the needs of those with caring responsibilities, which leads to their early departure from the field, and negatively affects their work while in post. In this toolkit we describe this problem, the exacerbating factors, and challenges to overcoming it. We offer a theory of change demonstrating how caring for carers can both improve the working conditions of employees of international organisations as well as the effectiveness, inclusivity and responsiveness of peace and justice interventions. This is important because it raises awareness among employers in the sector of the severity of the problem and its consequences. We also offer a guide for employers for how to take the caring responsibilities of their employees into account when developing human resource policies and practices, designing working conditions and planning interventions. Finally, we underscore the importance of conducting research on the gendered impacts of the marginalisation of employees with caring responsibilities, not least because of the breadth and depth of resultant individual, organisational and sectoral harms. In this regard, we also draw attention to the way in which gender stereotypes and gender biases not only inform and undermine peacebuilding efforts, but also permeate research in this field. Our toolkit is aimed at international organisation employees, employers and human resources personnel, as well as students and scholars of peacebuilding and international development. We see these communities of knowledge and action as overlapping, with insights to be brought to bear as well as challenges to be overcome in this area. The content of the toolkit is equally relevant across these knowledge communities as well as between different specialisms and disciplines. Peacebuilding and development draw in experts from economics, politics, anthropology, sociology and law, to name but a few. The authors of this toolkit have come together from gender studies, political science, and development studies to develop a theory of change informed by interdisciplinary insights. We hope, therefore, that this toolkit will be useful to an inclusive and interdisciplinary set of knowledge communities. Our core argument - that caring for carers benefits the individual, the sectors, and the intended beneficiaries of interventions - is relevant for students, researchers, policy makers and practitioners alike.

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