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Journal articles on the topic 'Negative politeness'
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Jucker, Andreas H. "Positive and negative face as descriptive categories in the history of English." Understanding Historical (Im)Politeness 12, no. 1-2 (May 23, 2011): 178–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.12.1-2.08juc.
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Studies in the history of politeness in English have generally relied on the notions of positive and negative face. While earlier work argued that a general trend from positive politeness to negative politeness can be observed, more recent work has shown that in Old English and in Middle English face concerns were not as important as in Modern English and that, in certain contexts, there are also opposing tendencies from negative to positive politeness. In this paper, I focus in more detail on the notions of positive and negative face and follow up earlier suggestions that for negative face a clear distinction must be made between deference politeness and non-imposition politeness. On this basis, I assess the usefulness of the notions of positive and negative face for the development of politeness in the history of English.
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Dlali, Mawande. "Negative politeness and requests in isiXhosa." South African Journal of African Languages 21, no. 3-4 (January 2001): 366–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2001.10587485.
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Hickey, Leo. "Politeness in Translation between English and Spanish." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2000): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.12.2.03hic.
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Abstract If we accept Brown and Levinson’s distinction between positive and negative politeness, it would seem justifiable to accept also that Britain tends to be a negative-politeness society whereas Spain tends towards positive politeness. The paper asks how positive-politeness readers (Spaniards) react to examples of negative (or English) politeness when translated literally. It reports on a smallscale experiment carried out to see how such readers reacted to translations from English of samples of negative politeness and poses the question whether translators (continue to) translate the locutionary dimension (the words) of such texts rather than attempt to convey the illocutionary force (the acts of politeness being performed).
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Beschieru, Mihaela. "Changes in the Classroom Discourse: Negative Politeness and Impoliteness." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausp-2021-0012.
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Abstract The paper focuses on changes identified in the classroom discourse in terms of the teacher–student relations. While traditional classroom relations relied on teacher’s authority and control in the classroom, the current situation indicates a shift in the power relations existing in the class. The paper aims to analyse some of these changes by studying politeness and ways of expressing negative politeness and impoliteness. It starts by defining politeness as conflict-free communication, and then moves to negative politeness and impoliteness, applying these two concepts in the interpretation of the classroom discourse. The data used for the analysis were collected during English and history classes in a high school in Romania. The paper draws on Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson’s (1987 [1978]) concept of negative politeness and on Derek Bousfield’s (2008) impoliteness theory. The data reveal that the most common negative politeness strategies in the classroom discourse use indirect speech acts, questions and hedges, minimizing the imposition and impersonalizing. I argue that while teachers use mainly politeness strategies, students use impoliteness strategies as a way of claiming power. Thus, they can be disruptive and show lack of interest; they interrupt or take the floor at a wrong time; they sometimes dismiss, contest, or refuse the teacher’s indications and often challenge the teacher’s authority; at times, they are also rude towards their own peers in trying to demonstrate their superiority.
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Windika, Witria. "An Analysis of Politeness Strategies of Disagreement: The Case of Students of English Education Study Program in one State Islamic University in Sumatera, Indonesia." Edukasi: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran 6, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/ejpp.v6i1.3132.
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The pupoposes of this study were (1) to find out the realizations of politeness strategies of disagreement by the sixth semester students of English Education students of Islamic State University in Sumatera, and (2) to figure out the most common types of politeness strategy used by them. The study employed qualitative research. The data were taken through a written test and Discourse Completion Test (DCT). The sample was taken by using cluster random sampling method which consisted of 12 male students and 12 female students. The study revealed that female and male English language learners experienced four types of politeness strategy: positive politeness, negative politeness, bald-on-record politeness, and off-record politeness with negative politeness as the most frequent strategy used by female and male English language learners. The result of the study showed that negative politeness was dominant politeness strategy which had value of 63,33%. The second place was bald-on-record (23,33%), the third place was positive politeness (11,67%), and the last one was off-record (1,67%). The conclusion of this study indicated that in expressing politeness strategy for disagreement, both female and male respondents tended to perform negative politeness strategy.
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Akuka, Benedict S., Christiana Hammond, and Albert A. Wornyo. "Politeness in Parliamentary Discourse: An Analysis of the Hansard of the Parliament of Ghana." Studies in Linguistics and Literature 5, no. 4 (September 26, 2021): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sll.v5n4p1.
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This study investigates politeness in parliamentary discourse in Ghana. Using politeness theory as framework and the parliamentary Hansard as source of data, the study examines the politeness strategies employed by parliamentary actors, the implications of the frequency of the usage of the politeness strategies, and how the Standing Orders of Parliament determine the choice of a politeness strategy. Findings of the study show that political actors in the Parliament of Ghana use the bald on-record, the positive, the negative and the off-record politeness strategies in varied proportions. The study further reveals that the negative politeness strategy is the most frequently used politeness strategy with the Speaker being the highest user of the negative and the bald on-record politeness strategies. Again, the study found out that the off-record politeness strategy is the least used strategy. The Majority Members in Parliament use the highest frequency of the positive politeness strategies while the Minority Members of Parliament employ more negative politeness strategies. The study concludes that parliamentary discourse in Ghana employs more of the direct explicit polite expressions than the indirect implicit expressions of politeness. The study recommends that researchers should pay critical attention to the politeness phenomenon in parliamentary discourse.
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Syah, Nur Aini. "POLITENESS STRATEGY PERFORMED IN SATU JAM LEBIH DEKAT TALK SHOW ON TV ONE: A PRAGMATIC APPROACH." ELTALL: English Language Teaching, Applied Linguistic and Literature 2, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/eltall.v2i1.2727.
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Talk show program on TV One is a program that uses language as a means of communication. To create the success of cummunication, it needs a strategy. This study aims to find out the politeness srategies used in Satu Jam Lebih Dekat talk show on TV One. The method used in this article is descriptive qualitative method. The data source of this research is oral data source, which is focused on the speeches between the presenter, interviewees, and mystery guest with the sources from a number of ministers in our country by downloading on the site www.youtube.com. For data analysis technique, the researcher used the contextual method with the pragmatic competence-in-dividing. And for the theory, the researcher focuses on politeness strategies by Brown Levinson's theory (1987: 94).The results indicate that there are 16 types of politeness strategies of Satu Jam Lebih Dekat program namely Bald on record, Positive Politeness-attend to hearer, Positive Politeness-intensify interest, Positive Politeness-use group identify marker, Positive Politeness-seek agreement, Positive Politeness-avoid disagreement, Positive Politeness-assert speaker’s knowledge, Positive Politeness-include both speaker and hearer in activity, Positive Politeness-give or ask reasons, Positive Politeness-give gifts, Negative Politeness-be conventionally indirect, Negative Politeness-question, hedge, Negative Politeness-give deference, Negative Politeness-impersonalize speaker and hearer, Off record-give hints, and Off record-give association clues. The most dominant use of politeness strategy is positive politeness-asking an agreement with the 42 percentage. The politeness strategies of this speech acts support the effectiveness of talk show and will minimize threats, protect, and extract information from interviewees without any compulsion due to the use of this politeness strategy.
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Hobjilă, Angelica. "Positive Politeness and Negative Politeness in Didactic Communication – Landmarks in Teaching Methodology." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 63 (October 2012): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.10.032.
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Kornielaieva, Yevheniia. "POLITENESS PHENOMENON." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 32, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/3212.
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The present article deals with the problem of human interaction which serves the subject of such sciences as linguistics, pragmatics as well as psychology, sociology, anthropology, so on. Human interaction is also studied within Politeness Theory once developed by P. Brown and St. Levinson. Politeness Theory has become quite influential as it is aimed at redressing of offences to a person’s self-image, or face, by face-threatening acts. According to P. Brown and St. Levinson, politeness is a universal concept. It is the powerful means that helps the speaker to express his intentions and mitigate face threats carried by his face-threatening acts to the listener. Therefore, politeness makes it possible for the speaker to save his own face and the face of his partner of communication. In other words, politeness ensures the rights of communicants not to be interfered with and to be approved of. These rights make up positive and negative face of a communicant. Positive face implies the interactant’s desire to be appreciated and to be approved of while negative face presents the want to be unimpeded by others. These two related aspects determine the strategies of positive and negative politeness that are aimed at reinforcing the positive image of a communicant and at preserving their independence. On the whole, politeness provide mutual comfort and harmonious flow of human interaction. The same idea is supported by G. Leech, G. Kasper, B. Fraser, P. Grice who develops Cooperative Principle of polite communication. Being a universal concept politeness is realised through a set of strategies. The author of the article calls such point of view on politeness “western-oriented”. As for Russian and Ukrainian linguists, they see politeness as speech etiquette which is released in speech formulae. Choosing this or that speech etiquette formula, communicants establish, support and terminate the contact in accordance with socially accepted rules of conversation, thus, making their interaction pleasant and friendly. Politeness is not regarded as a set of strategies, but only as politeness formulae.
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Azwan. "SOCIAL DIMENSIONS ON POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF REFUSALS USED BY AMBONESE AND AMERICAN." Journal of Education, Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching 4, no. 01 (July 31, 2021): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33059/ellite.v4i01.3888.
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The aims of this study were to identify the politeness strategies used by Ambonese and Americans in refusing requests, as well as the effects of social relationships. A descriptive qualitative approach was used in the study. The data of American conversations were collected from youtube.com and direct observation by recording conversations between interlocutors by 20 respondents of Ambonese in any situation. The data was analyzed and classified using six politeness systems by Yassi, and politeness strategies by Brown and Levinson. The results show that in interactions between strangers, Ambonese people tend to use a bald on record strategy, which is frequently combined with a negative politeness strategy, whereas Americans tend to use a negative politeness strategy, which includes expressing apology followed by a direct expression of refusal or using off-record strategy. In an intimate relationship, Ambonese people tend to use positive politeness strategies, whereas Americans tend to use off-record strategies and negative politeness strategies. In a hierarchal relationship, Ambonese tend to use negative politeness strategies by inferior to superior person, while Americans tend to use negative politeness strategies or off record strategies. Culturally, Ambonese people were influenced by local wisdom to maintain solidarity in responding and addressing, which is called Pela Gandong, whereas Americans were influenced by the freedom to express themselves.
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Lestari, Ratnaningtyas, M. R. Nababan, and Djatmika Djatmika. "REPRESENTASI KESANTUNAN DALAM NOVEL ANNE OF GREEN GABLES: KAJIAN PRAGMATIK." PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics 5, no. 2 (November 3, 2020): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prasasti.v5i2.39421.
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<span>This article aims to find and explain the politeness strategies found in the novel Anne of Green Gables. Politeness strategy applied in prohibiting becomes the topic of this study. This study uses Brown and Levinson's politeness strategy consisting of bald on record, off record, positive, and negative strategies. This study is qualitative descriptive. The source data of the study is the Anne of Green Gables novel and the data is characters’ speeches in the novel that accommodates the prohibiting politeness. The data is classified according to Brown and Levinson's politeness strategies, they are bald on record, off record, positive, and negative strategies. The results show that the direct politeness strategy (bald on record) is the most commonly found, then the positive politeness strategy, the indirect politeness strategy and also the negative politeness strategy. It shows that between characters often use direct prohibiting to convey their wants and it also makes the receiver understands it easier. Moreover, using a positive politeness strategy show a close relationship between the speaker and the receiver.</span>
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Yaghubyan, Marine. "The Use of Positive and Negative Politeness Strategies to Express Request in English and Armenian Cultures." Armenian Folia Anglistika 15, no. 1 (19) (April 15, 2019): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2019.15.1.141.
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Politeness is an indispensable topic in pragmatics. The standard of politeness may vary from group to group, from situation to situation and even from person to person. In pragmatics the principle of politeness is related to the choices that are made in the language usage, the linguistic expressions that give people space and express a friendly attitude.
The present article focuses on the examination and comparison of positive and negative politeness strategies to express request in English and Armenian cultures. The analysis shows that in Armenian culture positive politeness is highlighted. On the contrary, in English culture requests are made within negative politeness strategies.
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Sulistiyaningsih, Eka Fanti, Januarius Mujiyanto, and Widhiyanto Widhiyanto. "The Use of Negative Politeness Strategies in Casual Conversation Among the Graduate Program Students." English Education Journal 11, no. 2 (June 20, 2021): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/eej.v11i1.42401.
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A conversation is considered as the center of human interaction. People used politeness strategies to minimize and avoid conflict that may occur in conversation. The phenomena showed that the graduate students spontaneously did their conversation with their friends who have different cultures did not realize that they used negative politeness strategies. This study aims to explain the use of negative politeness strategies in casual conversation among the English Education Department's graduate program students. The participants of this study were fourteen students of the graduate program of the English Education Department. Descriptive qualitative research with interpretative data analysis was employed in the present study. The results showed that the students used negative politeness strategy, which consists of; be conventionally indirect, question and hedge, be pessimistic, minimize the imposition, apologize, impersonalize the speaker and the hearer, state the FTA as a general rule, and go on record as incurring debt or as not indebting the hearer. It can be concluded that the study found eight sub-strategies out of ten sub-strategies of negative politeness. It has benefits for the students to improve their knowledge, especially in using negative politeness strategies.
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SIANTURI, SARINA KIKI, I. Wy Dirgeyasa, and Fauziah Khairani Lubis. "POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN DELIVERING ULOS IN TOBA BATAK WEDDING CEREMONY." LINGUISTICA 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jalu.v10i3.33265.
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This study was aimed atinvestigating the politeness strategies used in delivering ulos in Toba Batak wedding ceremony. The research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative research to analyze and identify the politeness strategies used in delivering ulos in Toba Batak wedding ceremony.The data were taken from the conversation of Toba Batak wedding ceremony of Omry Retno Simangunsong, S.Sos & Triana Puspita Sari Br. Hutabarat, Amd.Keb (21th September 2019), that were held in Wisma Tiberias located at Jl. Pematang Siantar Kecamatan Lubuk Pakam. The findings of the study showed that three politeness strategies found during delivering ulos in Toba Batak wedding ceremony, namely: Bald on Record, Positive Politeness and Negative Politeness, specifically, 15 (60%) for Bald on Record Strategy, 9 (36%) for Positive Politeness, 1 (4%) for Negative Politeness. Off Record was not found during delivering ulos in Toba Batak wedding ceremony. The most dominant types of politeness strategies in delivering ulos in Toba Batak wedding ceremony were Bald on Record.Toba Batak speakers seldom applied negative politeness to avoid social distance or awkwardness in the situation. In Toba Batak wedding ceremony, to utter some speech acts, bride’s kin and bridegroom’ kin use some address forms as symbol of honor
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Silitonga, Niadaniati, and Arsen Nahum Pasaribu. "POLITENESS STRATEGY USED BY INDONESIAN NETIZENS ON ANIES BASWEDAN�S TWITTER AND INSTAGRAM ACCOUNT." Edu-Ling: Journal of English Education and Linguistics 4, no. 2 (September 25, 2021): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.32663/edu-ling.v4i2.1834.
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This study aims to analyze the politeness strategy produced by Indonesian Netizents On Anies Baswedan�s Twitter And Instagram Account. The research design of this study is qualitative. The data of this research collected from netizens� comments on Twitter and Instagran accounts. The data collection of this research are observing and documenting. To get the data, the researcher uses screenshot comment from Anies Baswedan�s Twitter and Instagram account. From researchers� analysis it can be conclude that, the comments of Indonesian netizens on Anies Baswedan�s Twitter and Instagram accounts, four Politeness Strategies are used. There are Bald on Record, Positive Politeness, Negative Politeness, and Off Record. In Twitter accounts, there were 35 (33,65%) comments. In total, there are 2 (100%) Bald on Records, 13 (37,14%) Positive Politeness, 9 (25,71%) Negative Politeness, and 11 (31,42%) Off Record. While in Instagram account there were 69 (66,34%) comments. In total, not used comments in Bald on Record, 36 (52,17%) Positive Politeness, 22 (31,88%) Negative Politeness, and 11 (15,94%) Off Records. From the analysis, the researcher found that the Positive Politeness Strategy that often netizens use when commenting on Anies Baswedan�s Twitter and Instagram accounts.
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Mawaddah, Anisah Nur, and Nurul Fitriani. "STRATEGI KESANTUNAN TINDAK TUTUR POSITIF DAN NEGATIF OLEH KARAKTER DI FILM “LET IT SNOW” (2019)." Inteligensi : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 4, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/ilg.v4i1.2420.
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Communication was an activity that usually occurs in the social context. People used communication to engaged each other, with a particular purpose, such as exchanging information, negotiating things, and so on. Basically, when doing communication, we should pay attention to the language politeness, in which it can show our courtesy when talking to each other. Therefore, language politeness was needed in our casual conversation. The purpose of this study was to provide an understanding of two main politeness strategies; the positive and negative politeness which are used by the characters in “Let It Snow” movie. This study used qualitative approach, and content analysis method to conducted the research. The result of the study showed that the characters in “Let It Snow” movie use positive politeness more frequently than the negative one. They used positive politeness strategy to minimize the distance between each other (speaker and listener), while negative politeness is used as a form of respecting to each other.
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Pratiwi, E. S., Asih Santihastuti, and I. Putu Sukmaantara. "Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Strategies on Apologizing Expression of “The Princess Diaries” (2001) The Movie: A Discourse Analysis." Jurnal Edukasi 5, no. 1 (July 9, 2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jukasi.v5i1.8013.
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This research was intended to analyze the politeness strategy employed by the characters in expressing apology based on Brown and Levinson’s politeness strategies in the movie The Princess Diaries (2001). Designed as a descriptive-qualitative research, the data was analyzed by using the descriptive method where politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987) was applied to see the types of politeness strategies. The data was taken from an American Comedy, Family and Romance movie entitled The Princess Diaries (2001). The result of the analysis showed that there were 15 utterances that can be classified as apologizing expression which were analyzed by using Brown and Levinson (1987) Politeness Strategies. Those 15 utterances were divided into 11 utterances using positive politeness and 4 utterances using negative politeness. Based on Brown and Levinson’s politeness strategies, positive politeness happened in a group of friend and a group of family that have close relationship with the Speaker while negative politeness used to avoid offence of the Hearer by showing respect. Thus, it is concluded that positive politeness was the most politeness strategies applied by all the characters in the movie to express apology, and all the characters who applied positive politeness strategy are female.
Keywords: Politeness Strategies, Apologizing Expression, Discourse Analysis.
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Maharani, Lutfiana, and Odo Fadloeli. "AN ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE STYLE REFLECTING POLITENESS IN QORYGORE’S VIDEO." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 4, no. 4 (July 12, 2021): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v4i4.p604-608.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze various styles of language and also politeness in them. The first phase in this project is by watching a video from one of the youtubers named Qorygore. The second phase, records what or what utterances are said on the video. Then in the third phase, it starts analyzing the language style and politeness. During the analysis of the data, the researcher try to find the utterances are related to language style and politeness, and the type of language style found in this result of analysis data are formal and casual style, while the thing that reflects the politeness that is more dominant is negative politeness. Keywords: Language Style, Negative/Positive Politeness
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Tahang, Heriyanti. "Strategi Kesopanan Berbahasa Yang Digunakan Oleh Penghuni Kos." Jurnal Noken: Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.33506/jn.v4i2.500.
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Everyday, people share idea, intention and interest through language with other people. They do social interaction each other or one another in appropriate speech. To be successful in social interaction, people need to consider such requirements inorder to make good interaction.One of the requirements is politeness in using language in conversation.This research aimed to find out the types of politeness strategy used by people at boarding house. This research was conducted in a boarding house that consist of Bugis people and various age (16 to 25 years old) called BPJS. The design of this research was descriptive qualitative. The data was collected through voice recorder to gain the politeness strategy used by the people in the boarding house in their daily social interaction.The data was analyzed using conversational analysis which is required to the analytic exploration. Based on the data analysis, it was concluded four Kinds of Politenss strategies used by Boarding House BPJS occupants, they are bald on record, positive strategy, negative strategy, and off record. Eevery kind of politeness strategy used has some kinds of sub strategy. They are Necessary, Offer Something, Optimistic, Promises, Pessimistic, Question & Hedge, Ironic Espression and Ambiguous Expression.
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Mu, Yuting. "The Application of Politeness Strategies in English and Chinese Movie Reviews." International Journal of English Linguistics 5, no. 6 (November 30, 2015): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v5n6p105.
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<p>As an important part of social life and interpersonal cooperation, politeness is reflected in languages. Movie review is a typical form of writing that reflects people’s application of politeness strategies consciously or unconsciously. Under the frame of the politeness strategies theory proposed by Brown and Levinson, this paper presents the differences on positive and negative politeness strategies used between English and Chinese movie reviewers. With the selected five famous movies and ten corresponding movie reviews, including five English and five Chinese reviews, the writer discusses the application of positive and negative politeness strategies. Although the difference on frequency of the application of positive and negative politeness strategies within each group is not obvious, the use of specific strategy is different between Chinese and English reviewers. This research also tries to find out the possible reasons of the differences.</p>
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Ulfa, Nurina. "Politeness Strategies and Cooperation Principle in 'Wonder' Movie." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): 563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss7.1596.
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This research discusses the politeness strategies and cooperative principle used by the characters in the movie entitled ‘Wonder’. The data of analysis come from the utterances of the characters which are described in descriptive method. The writer used politeness theory proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987) and cooperation principle advised by Grice (1975) to analyze the data. The results show that the characters in the movie used four kinds of strategies from Brown and Levinson (1987), those are bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness and off record. The utterances in the movie proves the violation of four maxims namely maxim of quality, maxim of quantity, maxim of relevance and maxim of manner. As the conclusion, positive politeness is used the most among the characters because it shows their closeness in social distance.
Keywords: Politeness strategies, positive politeness, negative politeness
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Hartati, Sri. "NEGATIVE POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF AHOK’S STATEMENTS IN MATA NAJWA TALK SHOW." Pujangga 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47313/pujangga.v6i1.854.
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ABSTRACT As one of politeness strategy, negative politeness expressed about how the speaker raises the addressee by paying him positive face of a particular kind which satisfies the addressee’s want to be treated as superior and also the speaker try humbles and abases himself. The aim of this research is to find out Ahok’s negative politeness in Mata Najwa Talk Show. The method used in this research is qualitative method. The results showed that the strategies are used by Ahok mostly are hedges or hedging, pluralization of you and I pronouns, and question. He used using this negative politeness strategy Ahok tried not to take the responsibility directly and Ahok also maintained to save the adressee face. Keywords: negative politeness, positive politeness, face, hedge, saving face ABSTRAK Sebagai salah satu strategi kesopanan, kesantunan negatif merupakan suatu strategi yang digunakan oleh penutur yang meninggikan mitra tuturnya dengan menjaga muka positifnya. Penutur berusaha memperlakukan mitra tuturnya dengan cara meninggikan posisi mitra tuturnya dan penutur juga merendahkan posisinya guna menjaga muka mitra tuturnya.. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui strategi kesantunan negatif yang digunakan oleh Ahok dalam Talk Show Mata Najwa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi kesantunan negative yang sering digunakan oleh Ahok dalam Mata Najwa Talk show berupa hedging, penggunaan pronomina bentuk jamak untuk menggantikan saya dan kamu, dan penggunaan bentuk kalimat tanya. Dia menggunakan strategi kesopanan negatif dengan tujuan agar terhindar tanggung jawab secara langsung dari apa yang diujarkannya dan dia juga berusaha menyelamatkan muka mitra tuturnya. Kata kunci: kesantunan negatif, kesantunan positif, muka, pemagaran
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Suyono, Meidiana, and Erna Andriyanti. "Negative Politeness Strategies in What Would You Do? TV Show." Journal of Language and Literature 21, no. 2 (September 20, 2021): 439–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/joll.v21i2.3430.
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Being polite is significant to maintain good communications as well as social relationship and therefore various strategies are applied to show language politeness. This sociopragmatic study deals with negative politeness found in What Would You Do? TV show to describe the types of negative politeness strategies and investigate the reasons of choosing those strategies. This research applied a descriptive qualitative approach supported by statistics. The data were in the form of utterances containing negative politeness strategies, sourced in the conversations and the scripts between the participants and the actors. There were 106 data collected by note-taking technique from the show’s YouTube channel. The trustworthiness was attained through analyst triangulation. The findings show that seven negative politeness strategies are used by the participants in their responses to the actors: Being Indirect (12), Questions, Hedges (40), Minimizing the Imposition (12), Apologizing (25), Giving Difference (9), Being Pessimistic (6), and State the FTA as General Rule (2). The dominance of Questions, Hedges relates to the options provided to the addressee to accept or refuse the speaker’s request and to make utterances sound more polite. Related to reasons, the payoffs factor was dominant (with 84 occurrences) because it is the basic factor the participants might think about what they will get by applying a certain strategy. The circumstances factor has 22 occurrences, consisting of social distance (14), social power (5), and rank of imposition (3).
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Aminah, Siti. "KAJIAN PRAGMATIK KESANTUAN BERBAHASA ARAB PADA NOVEL KAUKAB AMUN KARYA SALLY MAGDI." Arabi : Journal of Arabic Studies 2, no. 2 (March 21, 2018): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.24865/ajas.v2i2.61.
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This article discusses the politeness in Arabic speech especially on the politeness strategies used by the characters in the novel Kaukab Amūn. By utilizing Brown and Levinson's view of politeness, it is concluded that in order for communication to be smooth and harmonious, speakers and hearer use positive and negative politeness strategies. The strategy of positive politeness that is done in order to maintain the proximity between the speaker and the hearer is realized in the form of avoiding conflict, involving the opponent in a certain activity/speaker activity, promising, giving praise, expressing jokes, giving attention and sympathy, using certain identity identifiers, asking approval, and showing optimism. The negative politeness strategy is done by using the indirect sentence, reducing the strength or the threat to the speech partner, using the apology expression, and paying respects to the hearer. In the dialogue between characters in the novel Kaukab Amūn face threatenings were found, both positive and negative face threathening and the characters use the face saving act strategies.
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Aini, Aldila Arin, Sumarlam Sumarlam, and Dwi Purnanto. "Pragmatic Politeness in the Local Election: An Analysis of the Defeat of Agus-Silvy in 2017 DKI Jakarta Gubernatorial Elections." Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review 4, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ipsr.v4i1.14574.
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This research aims to analyze factors caused Agus-Sylvi’s losing in 2017 DKI Jakarta Governor election. This research analyzes Agus-Sylvi’s losing not only from politic sides, but also from pragmatics’ politeness. Pragmatic politeness in this research is according to Brown & Levinson’s theory (1987) which is based on the speakers and hearers’ faces. In collecting the data, the reseacher chooses considerably free method and note taking technique. Pragmatic based approach and contextual method are used to analyze the data. From all the data, the researcher had found 83 forms of politeness strategies which showed the form of politeness strategy used by Agus-Sylvi. Those politeness strategies are positive, negative, bald-off record, and across politeness strategies. The use of the most positive politeness strategy, offer and promise, revealed the way of Agus’Sylvi got lost in 2017 governor election of DKI Jakarta. It means that it is not good to use positive politeness too much because the hearers will judge the speakers as a person who loves to boast. The lack of negative politeness and bald-off politeness also revealed that Agus-Sylvi did not respect other participants of Jakarta’s2017 governor election. The non-dominant across politeness strategy proved that Agus-Sylvi could not compete in confessing their meaning pragmatically.
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Anuar, Nadia, and Nurizah Md Ngadiran. "An Appeal to the People: Politeness Strategies in the Malaysian Prime Minister’s Maiden Speech." International Journal of Modern Languages And Applied Linguistics 5, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ijmal.v5i2.13206.
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The use of politeness strategies has received increasing attention in the political discourse as a powerful persuasion tool. These strategies became critical for the newly appointed prime minister of Malaysia, Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin, to convince Malaysians that he is qualified to lead the country during a political upheaval and global pandemic. Thus, the objectives of this paper are to identify the types and frequency of the politeness strategies used by Muhyiddin Yassin in his maiden speech as the eighth prime minister of Malaysia. Two categories of politeness strategies based on Brown and Levinson’s (1987) were examined, which are negative strategies and positive strategies. The speech text was obtained from the official website of Prime Minister’s Office and was translated to English for analysis. The translated speech was subsequently checked for validity. Document analysis was used to analyse the translated speech text to determine the types and frequency of the politeness strategies. The analysis revealed that positive politeness strategies were significantly used (88%) compared to negative politeness strategies (12%). The most dominantly used positive politeness strategy was “notice and attend to the receiver’s need, interest, or want” while “use of exaggeration”, “seek agreement”, and “avoid disagreement” were the least used strategy. In contrast, “question” and “giving deference” were identified to be the most frequently used negative politeness strategy. The present study extends our knowledge on the use of politeness strategies in a political speech in an Asian setting, which is notably lacking in the literature.
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Listyari, Ni Luh Putu, I. Gusti Agung Istri Aryani, and Ni Luh Nyoman Seri Malini. "Pessimistic Strategy in Negative Politeness Study in Thor: Ragnarok Movie." Humanis 26, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jh.2022.v26.i01.p03.
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Good communication is the basis of a good relationship. In achieving the appropriate goals, responses, and reciprocities of speech, people tend to apply the value of decency. The pessimistic strategy of negative politeness is analyzed in this study. The data used in this study is taken from the Thor: Ragnarok Movie. This study analyzes the type of pessimistic strategy of negative politeness, such as negative, subjunctive, and remote-possibility makers. Besides, this study analyzed the factors that influence the character who used the pessimistic strategy. Factors are relative force, social distance, and level of imposition. The analysis of types and factors is based on the courtesy theory of Brown and Levinson's book "Politeness Some Universals in Language Usage" (1987). The result showed that all of the three types of pessimistic strategy in negative politeness is found in Thor: Ragnarok Movie. The negative was found in the use of tag questions. The subjunctive could be found in the use of the would, should, and the use of the IF clause. The remote-possibility makers was found in the use of word hope, supposed, though, and perhaps. The most type pessimistic strategy found in this data is the use of the subjunctive and the most factor which influences the characters is the size of imposition.
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Ayuningrum, Atikah, Rosnasari Pulungan, and Syafrizal S. "AN ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES APPLIED BY THE MEMBERS OF UKM DEBAT,THE UNIVERSITY OF BENGKULU." Journal of English Education and Teaching 2, no. 4 (June 25, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jeet.2.4.1-8.
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The research is aimed at finding out the politeness strategies based on Brown and Levinson politeness strategies theory that used by the members of UKM Debat, the University of Bengkulu when practice debate. The subject of this research was the members of UKM Debat, the University of Bengkulu that consist of eight students. This research was using descriptive qualitative as the methodology and the data were collected by using transcript from video recorder and observation sheet as the instruments. The result of data analysis shows that the debaters use all of politeness strategies but they do not used all sub strategies when practice debate, which is bald on record, positive politeness strategy, negative politeness strategy, and off record. There were 28 utterances that consist of politeness strategy. The debaters mostly applied positive politeness strategy, which occurs 19 times (67,8%). Bald on record and off record occur 4 times (14,3%) and the last is negative politeness strategy which occurs 1 times (3,6%). Positive politeness strategy gets the highest position in the data because in practicing debate, all debaters have known each other and have a close relationship
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Goudarzi, Elahe, Behzad Ghonsooly, and Zahra Taghipour. "Politeness Strategies in English Business Letters: a Comparative Study of Native and Non-Native Speakers of English." Psychology of Language and Communication 19, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/plc-2015-0004.
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Abstract This study investigated the use of politeness strategies in a corpus of English business letters written by Iranian non-native speakers in comparison with business letters written by English native speakers. The positive and negative politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson’s (1978) theory were employed. A corpus of 46 business letters written by non-native employees of four companies and 46 letters written by native speakers who were in correspondence with these companies were analyzed to examine their use of politeness strategies. Th e results collected from the analysis of letters written by nonnative parties as senders were compared to those written by native speakers as receivers in response. Th e findings showed that although both parties used both types of politeness strategies in their letters, non-native participants employed both types (negative and positive politeness strategies) more than native speakers, especially positive politeness strategies, which were found to be used more frequently than negative ones. Additionally, the results demonstrated that social distance plays an important role in the employment of different strategies, particularly in choosing the type of salutation, which is an act requiring the positive politeness strategy to reduce face threatening act. Th us, more frequent use of positive politeness strategies by non-native speakers could be an effect of this factor.
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Nurmalasari, Inne, Januarius Mujiyanto, and Henrikus Joko Yulianto. "The Use of Non-Verbal Communication in Supporting the Realization of Brown & Levinson Politeness Strategies." English Education Journal 11, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 452–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/eej.v11i1.47832.
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One of the prominent issues in pragmatics is politeness. Politeness can manifest in two actions, verbal and non-verbal communication. This study aimed to analyze the lecturer's and the students' non-verbal communication (NVC) in supporting the realization of Brown & Levinson's politeness strategies in English classroom interaction at Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo. This study explains the lecturer’s and students’ NVC in supporting the realization of bald on record strategy, positive politeness strategy, negative politeness strategy, off-record strategy, and don’t do the face-threatening act (FTA) strategy in English classroom interaction. In this study, the researchers applied qualitative research. The subjects were one English lecturer and students. The objects were the lecturer's and the students' utterances during the English learning process. The methods the researchers used to analyze the data were Brown & Levinson's (1987) politeness strategies theory and Novinger's (2001) NVC theory. The findings showed that politeness strategies were used by the lecturer and students with the total frequency of 559 times, namely bald on record, positive politeness (dominantly used), negative politeness, off-record, and don’t do the FTA (the least used). Besides, in supporting the realization of politeness strategy, the dominantly used methods of NVC were chronemics, kinesics, and vocalic. In conclusion, politeness strategies are crucial in maintaining the relationship and creating a comfortable environment in the EFL classroom. NVC can support performance that cannot be expressed in words.
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Witczak-Plisiecka, Iwona. "On Apologising in Negative and Positive Politeness Cultures." Journal of Pragmatics 44, no. 4 (March 2012): 529–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2012.01.007.
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Gholami, Reza, Arezoo Koohzad, Behzad Ghonsooly, and Zargham Ghapanchi. "Relationship between Students’ Gender and their Use of Politeness Strategies in the “Results and Discussions Section” of PhD Dissertations." Dinamika Ilmu 19, no. 1 (June 11, 2019): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/di.v19i1.1475.
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The researcher analyzed the Result and Discussion Sections of 10 dissertations of Iranian PhD students and 10 British PhD students by aiming to investigate their use of politeness strategies using Brown and Levinson’s (1987) taxonomy and its relationship with the gender of the authors. The results proved that Iranian writers most frequently used negative politeness strategies, followed by positive politeness strategies. British writers, like Iranians, used negative politeness strategies more than the others. The next frequent strategy was positive politeness strategies. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the frequency of politeness strategies used by Persian and British writers. Considering the gender, there is a significant difference between the positive strategies used by male and female Iranians. In fact, unlike the Male Iranian authors who used more positive strategies, the female Iranian authors used fewer strategies and this difference was significant. However, that there was no significant difference between the positive strategies used by British male and female participants. Also, there was a significant difference between the negative strategies used by male and female Iranians. In fact, the results show that the female Iranian authors used fewer strategies and this difference was significant. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the negative strategies used by British male and female participants.
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Wiyatasari, Reny, and Maharani P.Ratna. "PERBEDAAN STRATEGI KESANTUAN DALAM PERCAKAPAN UNTUK PEMBELAJAR BAHASAJEPANG TINGKAT SHOKYUU DAN TINGKAT CHUUKYUU." IZUMI 3, no. 2 (July 4, 2014): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/izumi.3.2.22-37.
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AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to know the politeness strategy dan expressions which are exist in expressions contain of politeness strategy in Japanese conversation class for basic level and intermediate level. The data sources are the conversation part of book titled Minna No Nihongo Shokyuu 2 dan Minna No Nihongo Chuukyuu 1. Based on the analysis result, there are 110 datas found in basic level, and 68 datas are found in intermediate level. As a result, positive politeness strategy (sub strategy 2) is the most found politeness strategy in basic level, while negative politeness strategy (sub strategy 1) is the most found politeness strategy in intermediate level. The type of expressions that are found in expressions contain of positive politeness strategy (sub strategy 2), such as ～ndesuka（~んですか）, ~desuka (～ですか), while the type of expressions that are found in expressions contain of negative politeness strategy (sub strategy 1), such as Chotto~te mo ii desuka (ちょっと～てもいいですか), Chotto~te itadakenaideshouka (ちょっと～ていただけないでしょうか).
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Wijayanti, Wisma, Agus Wijayanto, and Sri Marmanto. "Native English Teacher’s Politeness Realizations in EFL Classroom Interaction." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 3, no. 1 (March 28, 2020): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/els-jish.v3i1.9524.
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The realizations of politeness need to be implemented in the process of teaching and learning in the class, especially in English language classroom context. Applying appropriate politeness strategy in talking to the students is very important to create effective teaching and learning process. This study examines politeness strategies used by the native English teacher. It aims to identify the use of politeness strategies realized by the native English teacher in classroom interaction. This research was qualitative research method. The participant of the research was one native English teacher who taught EFL students in a university in Indonesia. The data were obtained through the class observation. Those data then were analyzed by using politeness theory proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987). The result revealed that all politeness strategies suggested by Brown and Levinson (1987) were applied by the teacher in delivering his speech to the students, such as bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off record. Negative politeness became the most dominant politeness strategy performed by the native English teacher while the least one was off record. These four strategies were mostly employed by the teacher in order to remind the students, give them commands (task-oriented), praise the students, request the students to do something, make the class more interesting, and motivate the students.
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Astami, Timur Sri. "Strategi Permintaan dalam Bahasa Jepang." Humaniora 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2015): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v6i1.3297.
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Request strategy in Japanese serves to present desires to hearer and speaker gets benefit from the request. Request strategy consists of bald on record, on record with positive politeness, on record with negative politeness, and off record. Research used qualitative descriptive approach. Data were gathered from Maya Koikeda’s Tokimeki Makkun comic book. Research, in the corpus of data, found bald on record strategy was a strategy without any strings attached. Then, on record with positive politeness was showed by the closeness and solidarity relationship. While on record with negative politeness was showed by minimizing load demand and apology, and off record with a vague ellipsis sentence.
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Culpeper, Jonathan, and Jane Demmen. "Nineteenth-century English politeness." Understanding Historical (Im)Politeness 12, no. 1-2 (May 23, 2011): 49–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.12.1-2.03cul.
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In this paper we argue that the kind of individualistic ethos Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness model is accused of — and in particular its notion of (non-imposition) negative face — is not simply a reflection of British culture, but a reflection of British culture at a specific point in time. That point is the nineteenth century. Before then, the notion of an individual self separate from society and with its own hidden desires was not fully established. We argue that sociocultural developments, such as secularisation, the rise of Protestantism, social and geographical mobility, and the rise of individualism, created conditions in which the self became part of a new ideology where it was viewed as a property of the individual, and was associated with positive values such as self-help, self-control and self-respect. We also trace the history of conventional indirect requests, specifically can/could you X structures, the most frequent request structures used in British English today and, moreover, emblematic of British negative politeness. We show how such ability-oriented structures developed in the nineteenth century, and propose a tentative explanation as to why ability in particular was their focus.
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Aulia, Pipit, Rani Marliani, and Lilis Suryani. "An Analysis On Record Politeness of Pragmatic In Tinker Bell And The Great Fairy Rescue Movie." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 2, no. 6 (October 6, 2019): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v2i6.p811-815.
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This research is a linguistic study on record politeness of pragmatic in tinker bell and great fairy rescue movie, which aims to know many types of politeness and the most dominant politeness in the film. Researchers use qualitative method and the data are analyzed based on the politeness theory by Brown and Lavinson (1987). The movie lasted 1 hour 25 minutes, including 30 conversation. The result showed that there are four politeness, they are conversation bald on record (16), positive politeness (8), negative politeness (2), and off record (2). In addition the most of dominant politeness is bald on record. It means that the bald on record is an order that is directly when a someone do something in urgent situation
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Ferenčík, Milan. "Exercising politeness." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 351–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.17.3.01fer.
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The paper seeks to demonstrate that, first, over the course of interaction in the radio phone-in events, participants display orientation to various aspects of their co-participants´ identities, second, since membership categories emerge and are developed at various sequentially relevant times, membership categorisation processes are closely tied with the event´s sequential organisation, and, third, categorisation bears on politeness aspects of interaction as the participation in the public ´arena´ causes participants´ faces to be constantly at stake. The methodological underpinnings of the paper represent the approaches of Membership Categorisation Analysis and the model of politeness based on the conceptualisation of face. The data are drawn from the corpus of Nočné dialógy (´Night Dialogues´) radio phone-ins broadcast on the Slovak public radio over the period of 1995-2004. The paper further attempts to demonstrate that participants are engaged in category work which sequentially unfolds in the course of the production of phone-in calls. Participants´ progressive involvement in talk is closely linked with the construction of ´layers´ of their categorial identities. The membership category of ´location´ represents the minimum agreed-upon canon of callers´ call-relevant identities. As the category is universally applicable, it bears the least face-threatening potential, for which reason it is used explicitely. In contrast, strategies of non-explicit categorisation, i.e. invoking categories through category-relevant predicates, apply to those topic-relevant categories which carry a significant face-threating ´load´ (e.g. ´family status´, ´political affiliation´, etc.). In summary, sequential organisation and category work are seen as being closely intertwined, with the latter also being employed as a positive and negative politeness strategy.
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Yousif Mohammad, Ali, and Hussein Ali Ahmed. "Evaluating EFL University Learners’ Pragmatic Competence: Brown and Levinson’s Negative Politeness Strategies as a Model." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 10, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 366–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v10n3a1188.
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ABSRACT
Pragmatic competence forms a basic pillar in learning and teaching the communicative use of a foreign language (FL). Evaluating the FL pragmatic knowledge is a challenging and complex area of language testing. Far from the grammatical content of language, the current study aims to evaluate EFL learners' pragmatic competence in terms of communicating the linguistic expressions of negative politeness. Accordingly, it investigates EFL university learners’ ability to show social distance and realize power relations towards addressees. The study also presents the negative politeness strategies on the basis of Brown and Levinson's (1987) theory.
It is hypothesized that learners are pragmatically unaware of showing negative face towards addressees. It is further assumed that learners show tendency to go on record without redressive action, which often threatens addressees’ negative face. Added to that, learners are not aware of the appropriate use of politeness strategies followed according to the English culture. To investigate this, a Discourse Completion Test consisting of hypothetical situations that are familiar to learners' university life has been formulated.
The study concludes that learners experience pragmatic failures while engaging in situations where there is a need to show negative face, and utter direct speech acts frequently. In addition, learners do not distinguish between the appropriate politeness strategies (positive, negative and off record) as far as the cultural orientation of the English language is concerned. They further disregard the appropriate use of address forms that constitute a paramount aspect of negative politeness.
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Julius and Ambalegin Ambalegin. "NEGATIVE POLITENESS STRATEGIES USED BY MAIN CHARACTER IN “THE IMITATION GAME”." IdeBahasa 3, no. 2 (December 24, 2021): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37296/idebahasa.v3i2.62.
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This research aims to find out types of negative politeness strategies expressed by the main character in the movie titled The Imitation Game. This research is categorised as descriptive qualitative research. The data of the research were taken from utterances identified as negative politeness strategies by the main character “Alan Turing” and analysed with theory proposed by (Brown & Levinson, 1988). Data were collected using the observation and non-participatory method. Additionally, to analyse the data, pragmatic identity method were used. The result discovered in this research are; 5 be conveniently indirect, 16 question and hedge, 1 be pessimistic, 6 give deference, 4 impersonalise interlocutors, and 4 state the FTA as the general rule, totalling to 36 indication of negative politeness strategies. Question and hedge became the most frequently used strategy the main character tends to assume unwillingness to comply to the other characters in The Imitation Game movie.
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Van Waes, Luuk, and Carel van Wijk. "The influence of politeness on the perception of product recall notices." Pragmatics of Crisis 2, no. 3 (November 2, 2001): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dd.2.3.07van.
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When companies decide — or are forced — to publish a product recall notice, their aim is to give consumers clear information on how to handle the problem and to warn them of a possible danger. On the other hand companies try to preserve their corporate image in order to guarantee a (commercial) relation in the future. This article deals with the question whether politeness strategies lead to differences in the appreciation, acceptance and perception of product recall notices. In two experimental studies we evaluated the effect of positive and negative politeness strategies in different conditions. The results show that the use of elaborated negative politeness strategies positively influences the appreciation and acceptance of the message, and has a positive effect on the perception of the corporate image. However in a context where the product recall warns of a severe risk, writers of product recalls should use politeness strategies more cautiously. In this context the use of politeness strategies even seems to have a negative effect on the acceptability of the recall message.
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Adha, Andyka Yulia, Sri Minda Murni, and Anni Holila Pulungan. "THE USE OF PRONOUN IN STRATEGY OF POLITENESS IN TALK SHOW PROGRAM." LINGUISTIK TERAPAN 17, no. 3 (January 9, 2021): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/lt.v17i3.22446.
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This qualitative descriptive research deals with The Use of Pronoun in Strategy of Politeness In Talk Show Program. This research observe the Use of Pronoun in Strategy of Politeness In Indonesia Lawyer Club ( ILC) Talk Show Program in some episode. The objectives of this study were to find out the types of politeness strategies are used in personal subject pronoun by the interviewees in Indonesia Lawyer Club ( ILC) Talk Show Program, and to investigate politeness strategies used the personal subject pronoun. The data were taken from the episode of Indonesia Lawyer Club Talk Show Program in 2018 years. The data were collected by downloading the video of Indonesia Lawyer Club Talk Show Program from youtube and then were transcribed. The data were analyzed by qualitative research based on interactive model which is created by Miles and Huberman. The result of the research shown the positive and negative politeness are used in Indonesia Lawyer Club ( ILC) by the same person. The same speaker and the same hearer used the politeness dynamically. It depends on topics/ issue whereas they understand or not in other hand they expert in the material. the researcher found that all types of Politeness Strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987) found in the data. The data of Positive Politeness were consisted of 28 lines (42.42%) which was the highest data from other strategies, while Off Record of Politeness Strategies was obtained as much 18 lines (30.30%), then followed by Negative Politeness of Politeness Strategies was obtained as much 17 lines (22.73%), and the last was Bald on Record with 3 lines (4.55%). Keywords: Politeness strategies, Pronouns, Talkshow Program
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Adha, Andyka Yulia, Sri Minda Murni, and Anni Holila Pulungan. "THE USE OF PRONOUN IN STRATEGY OF POLITENESS IN TALK SHOW PROGRAM." LINGUISTIK TERAPAN 17, no. 3 (January 9, 2021): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/lt.v17i3.22446.
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This qualitative descriptive research deals with The Use of Pronoun in Strategy of Politeness In Talk Show Program. This research observe the Use of Pronoun in Strategy of Politeness In Indonesia Lawyer Club ( ILC) Talk Show Program in some episode. The objectives of this study were to find out the types of politeness strategies are used in personal subject pronoun by the interviewees in Indonesia Lawyer Club ( ILC) Talk Show Program, and to investigate politeness strategies used the personal subject pronoun. The data were taken from the episode of Indonesia Lawyer Club Talk Show Program in 2018 years. The data were collected by downloading the video of Indonesia Lawyer Club Talk Show Program from youtube and then were transcribed. The data were analyzed by qualitative research based on interactive model which is created by Miles and Huberman. The result of the research shown the positive and negative politeness are used in Indonesia Lawyer Club ( ILC) by the same person. The same speaker and the same hearer used the politeness dynamically. It depends on topics/ issue whereas they understand or not in other hand they expert in the material. the researcher found that all types of Politeness Strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987) found in the data. The data of Positive Politeness were consisted of 28 lines (42.42%) which was the highest data from other strategies, while Off Record of Politeness Strategies was obtained as much 18 lines (30.30%), then followed by Negative Politeness of Politeness Strategies was obtained as much 17 lines (22.73%), and the last was Bald on Record with 3 lines (4.55%). Keywords: Politeness strategies, Pronouns, Talkshow Program
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Widagdo, Titis Bayu, Djatmika Amos, and Henry Yustanto. "Strategy Politeness of Werkudara in Wayang purwa." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 3, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.6.12.
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Wayang purwa is a noble culture of Javanese people which is the pride of the Indonesian people and is recognized internationally as a masterpiece. The nobleness of the puppet culture is inseparable from the strong characterization of each character in the puppet. One of the strongest characters in wayang purwa is Werkudara. This research focused on the analysis of Werkudara politeness strategies in wayang purwa in order to explore the characterizations played by Werkudara characters. This research used the politeness theory of Brown & Levinson to deepen the results of the politeness strategy analysis. This study also used descriptive qualitative methods to explain the phenomenon of speech acts of Werkudara in explaining the politeness strategies used. This research data was Werkudara's speech taken from the data source, namely the recording of Ki Nartosabdo's purwa puppet show with Dewa Ruci's play. The results of this study concluded that Werkudara was more dominant in using negative politeness in speaking. The negative politeness strategies used include giving deference; being pessimistic, and using indirect expressions. Furthermore, positive politeness strategies are used by Werkudara, including the use of group identity markers; avoiding disagreement; offering promises, and exaggeration.
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Febiyani, Febiyani, Rinda Fitriana, and Arbain Arbain. "Politeness Strategies Used by the Member of Student Youth Community (SYC) Widya Gama Mahakam University." Borneo Educational Journal (Borju) 1, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/bej.v1i1.254.
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Politeness strategy is a strategy that used by the people in order to safe and satisfy the hearers’ face. This strategy mainly used in everyday communication and interaction. This research used qualitative resarch and aimed to find what are politeness strategies used by the member of Student Youth Community (SYC). This research conducted in Widya Gama University with 15 members of SYC who involved as the research subject. The result of this research showed that there are four strategies used by the Members of SYC. They are bald on record, positive politeness strategy, negative politeness strategy, and off record strategy. From 277 utterances, 116 utterances of them recognized as bald on record (42%), 110 utterances as positive politeness (40%), 18 utterances as negative politeness (6%), and 33 utterances as off record (12%). Therefore, it can be concluded that bald on record as the dominated strategy that used by the members of SYC. It means that, during the discussion and interaction, the members of SYC tend to use direct srategy.
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Setyawati, Anisa, and Silpia Rahayu. "THE ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS IN HARRY POTTER CHAPTER 1 MOVIE." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 3, no. 5 (September 21, 2020): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v3i5.p633-640.
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Nowadays, movie is a media which has a biggest impact for the people. With movie people can learn about language. Language is procedure by human for communication with other people. Pragmatics is the strategies to analyze what the purposes of the utterance understanding, in pragmatics there have politeness to known how people express their negative and positive face. When people approximately impressive that threatens an additional face, it is shows how a face threatening act’s (FTA’s). When people talk with the other they apply positive and negative face in communication to save threatening acts. This article examines is how the analysis of politeness in Harry Potter Chapter 1 Movie. The author tries to analyze negative face, positive face on dialogue in this movie. Politeness strategies can be finds from face threat and how the speakers produce the words and gesture to communicate between actor in the characters. This research is observes by the author, because the subject on this research are movie to known how the actor and actress used their face in the dialogue of it. The result in this research aims it is essential for language learners study about politeness principles in instruction to increase a good communication.Keywords: Face Threatening Act’s, Negative and Positive Face, Movie, Politeness.
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Probosini, Nadia. "Politeness Strategies in the Main Characters of “The Devil Wears Prada” Movie." Jurnal ASPIKOM 5, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v5i1.516.
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This research was an interpersonal communication study on politeness strategies employed by the main characters in Devil Wears Prada movie in the context of workplace communication. This research aimed to explain politeness strategies employed by the main characters of The Devil Wears Prada movie. This was qualitative research, and the data were utterances of the three main characters containing politeness strategies. The source of the data was the script of Devil Wears Prada movie, and it was found that 135 politeness strategies occurred. It was: Bald On Record (47 times), Positive Politeness (49 times), Negative Politeness (19 times), and Off Record (20 times). The findings demonstrated that positive politeness strategies were the most frequent strategies in this movie. It indicated that the main characters tended to use positive politeness to show their respect and that they have a harmonious relationship in the workplace.
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Daud, Najmiah. "The Politeness Strategies of Negation Used by English and Buginese." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 1, no. 1 (May 26, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/els-jish.v1i1.4069.
Full textAbstract:
A good communication is a cooperate communication, but when someone wants to deny someone or something, it can be FTA (Face Threatening Acts) in some situations, so she/he needs to express it in polite way to save the face of each through the use of the politeness strategies. This research is aimed to investigate (1) the politeness strategies used by Buginese and American people in using the negation expression; (2) the influence of social and cultural relationship on the politeness strategies used by the Buginese and American people when using negation expression. This was a comparative study between Buginese and English language in using negation. The research used the qualitative descriptive approach. English and Buginese data were obtained through DCT, questionnaire. The research result indicates that three politeness strategies are used by American and Buginese people in using negation namely: the bald on record, positive politeness, and negative politeness. The American people tend to use those strategies in polite way to negate something by being more friendly and using the casual language with other people. On the other hand, Buginese people tend to use formal language as the politeness strategies in making negation. The significant differences between both languages can be seen from the indirect and direct strategies in making negation. English tends to use direct strategies, while Buginese tends to apply indirect negation. The research also indicates that the other aspects influencing the politeness strategies used are; gender, social situation, social distance or intimacy, social status, relationship between interlocutors. Buginese people indicate the politeness by giving the formal treatment because they are more hierarchical and pay more attention to use honorific address term and politeness marker such as iye’. On the other case, American people are more friendly and emphasize the solidarity.Keywords: Politeness Strategies, Negation, Face Threatening Acts.
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Seli, Sastika, and Dewi Syafitri. "Politeness in Bad Neighbors Movie." Linguistic, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/leea.v1i2.187.
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The research aims at describing politeness used by Americans in Bad Neighbors movie to express apology. This is a qualitative descriptive research which identified, observed, transcribed the data as well as described them in the sentences. The findings present the strategy of apologizing and the use of address terms overviewed from politeness strategies such as positive politeness, negative politeness and off record. The use of address terms in expressing apology covered terms of addressing in negative politeness includes the use of title plus last name (TLN) (such as Mr. Haywood and Maam) and positive politeness includes different nick names (NN) (such as Mac, Baby, Scoonie, Guys, etc). The variation of apologizing includes direct apology (sorry and I am sorry). In the application of direct apology I am sorry, no address term was used in the expression and it indicates positive politeness. In a direct expression of apology sorry, there was a term of address used preceded the expression and sometimes it also occurred afterward. Based on the description, it can be inferred that most of expression of direct apology expressed in positive politeness because the first speaker wanted to show a more intimate relationship to the second speaker. The position of the terms also affects the purpose and the quality of sincerity of the speakers. This strategy considered to be an effective way to express apology to show that the speaker who committed a responsibility of apologizing regretted the mistakes.
Keyword: politeness, apologizing, term of address
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Rosari, Miwita. "Politeness Strategies Applied by the Characters of The Great Debaters Movie." LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching 19, no. 2 (January 10, 2017): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/llt.v19i1.309.
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This research explores politeness strategies used by the characters in The Great Debaters movie. The data used in this research were collected from 166 pages of The Great Debaters movie transcription. The analysis is based on Brown and Levinsons politeness strategies and Spolskys factors affecting someones politeness in speaking. The research results showed that the characters in The Great Debaters movie applied the types of politeness strategies, namely off-record, baldon-record, positive politeness, and negative politeness. Moreover, the characters alsorevealed the factors affecting the characters politeness in speaking, namelylanguage style, register and domain, and slang and solidarity. However, the characters did not show language and gender factor in their conversation since they were mostly engaged in the same topic, namely a debate competition.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.2016.190103