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Journal articles on the topic 'Negative solvatochromism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Niedbalska, Malgorzata, and Ilona Gruda. "Effect of substituents on the solvatochromism of stilbazolium merocyanines." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 5 (1990): 691–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v90-106.

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The visible spectra of a series of merocyanines, derivatives of 4-[(4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene)ethylidene]-1,4-dihydropyridine, have been investigated in a number of solvents and solvent mixtures. The effect of substituents on the solvatochromic behaviour of these compounds is described. All investigated merocyanines exhibited a strong negative solvatochromism. Inverse solvatochromism was observed in solvents of very low polarity for polar dyes, and in polar solvents for dyes containing hydrophobic substituents. This inversion of the solvatochromic behaviour is attributed to aggregation ph

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2

Kulinich, A. V., E. K. Mikitenko, and A. A. Ishchenko. "Scope of negative solvatochromism and solvatofluorochromism of merocyanines." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 5 (2016): 3444–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp06653k.

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Can negatively solvatochromic merocyanines retain their generic characteristics in the full range of solvent polarities including low-polarity alkanes? To find the answer, the solvatochromism of a vinylogous series of tailored highly dipolar merocyanines was thoroughly investigated both experimentally and theoretically.

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3

Aracena, Andrés, and Moisés Domínguez. "Computational Quantification of the Zwitterionic/Quinoid Ratio of Phenolate Dyes for Their Solvatochromic Prediction." Molecules 27, no. 24 (2022): 9023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27249023.

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Solvatochromic dyes are utilized in various chemical and biological media as chemical sensors. Unfortunately, there is no simple way to predict the type of solvatochromism based on the structure of the dye alone, which restricts their design and synthesis. The most important family of solvatochromic sensors, pyridinium phenolate dyes, has the strongest solvatochromism. Using a natural population analysis (NPA) of the natural bond orbitals (NBO) of the phenolate group in the frontier molecular orbitals, it is possible to calculate the relative polarity of the ground state and excited state and,

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4

Kruk, M. M. "SOLVATOCHROMISM OF THE FREE BASE CORROLES." Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 89, no. 4 (2022): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/0514-7506-2022-89-4-455-462.

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For two free base corroles with different architecture of peripheral substitution, the solvatochromic shifts of absorption bands in a series of solvents of different nature are herein determined, and the nature of the solvatochromic effects is analyzed by the Valentine method. It is found that the solvatochromism of the free bases of corroles originates due to universal nonspecific interactions, and the short-wavelength T2 tautomer experiences stronger solvation. It is shown that in polar aprotic solvents (acetone, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, and dimethylsulfoxide), specific acid-ba

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5

Asiri, Abdullah, and Muhammed Al-Amoudi. "Negative Solvatochromism of Ferrocenyl Methine Dyes." Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Science 21, no. 1 (2009): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/sci.21-1.13.

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6

Spange, S., I. Bolz, D. Schaarschmidt, T. Rüffer, and H. Lang. "A New Record for Negative Solvatochromism." Synfacts 2009, no. 12 (2009): 1344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1218184.

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7

Zeng, Wangdong, and Jishan Wu. "Push–pull type quinoidal perylene showing solvent polarity dependent diradical character and negative solvatochromism." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 3, no. 12 (2019): 2668–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qm00566h.

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8

Aracena, Andrés, Marcos Caroli Rezende, and Sebastián Pizarro. "Reproducing the Solvatochromism of Merocyanines by PCM Calculations." Molecules 29, no. 17 (2024): 4103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174103.

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Polarizable continuum methods (PCM) have been widely employed for simulating solvent effects, in spite of the fact that they either ignore specific interactions in solution or only partially reproduce non-specific contributions. Examples of three solvatochromic dyes with a negative, a positive and a reverse behavior illustrate the achievements and shortcomings of PCM calculations and the causes for their variable success. Even when qualitatively mimicking non-specific solvent effects, departures of calculated values from experimental data may be significant (20–30%). In addition, they can utte

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9

Schade, Alexander, Roberto Menzel, Helmar Görls, Stefan Spange, and Rainer Beckert. "Negative Solvatochromism of an Anionic Thiazole-Based Dye." Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry 2, no. 6 (2013): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajoc.201300085.

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10

Sharma, Ritambhara, Habtom B. Gobeze, Tamal Chatterjee, Paul A. Karr, Francis D'Souza, and Mangalampalli Ravikanth. "High singlet oxygen production and negative solvatochromism of octabrominated 3-pyrrolyl boron dipyrromethenes." RSC Advances 6, no. 29 (2016): 24111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra01294a.

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The newly synthesized and structurally characterized octabrominated 3-pyrrolyl boron dipyrromethenes is shown reveal negative solvatochromism, and quantitative generation of singlet oxygen; properties relevant to develop new PDT agents.

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11

Allen, David W., Simon J. Coles, and Michael B. Hursthouse. "Synthesis of a solvatochromic triphenylphosphonium-p-toluenesulfonaminido betaine." Journal of Chemical Research 2000, no. 2 (2000): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823400103166409.

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12

Reichardt, C. "Pyridinium N-phenolate betaine dyes as empirical indicators of solvent polarity: Some new findings." Pure and Applied Chemistry 76, no. 10 (2004): 1903–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200476101903.

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Solutions of the zwitterionic betaine dye 4-(2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium-1-yl)-2,6-di- phenylphenolate are solvatochromic, thermochromic, piezochromic, and halochromic. That means the position of its longest-wavelength intramolecular charge-transfer absorption band depends on solvent polarity, solution temperature, external pressure, and the nature and concentration of added salts. The extraordinarily large negative solvatochromism of this standard betaine dye has been used to establish UV/vis spectroscopically an empirical scale of solvent polarity, called ET(30), respectively ETN scale, meanwh

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13

Carlotti, B., A. Cesaretti, C. G. Fortuna, A. Spalletti, and F. Elisei. "Experimental evidence of dual emission in a negatively solvatochromic push–pull pyridinium derivative." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 3 (2015): 1877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp04963b.

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14

Mera-Adasme, Raúl, and Moisés Domínguez. "A computationally-derived model for the solvatochromism of p-phenolates with high predictive power." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 26 (2018): 18127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp02424c.

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We report that the positive, reverse or negative solvatochromism of p-phenolate-based dyes is highly correlated with the multireferential (MR) character of their ground-state wave function, with negative compounds presenting the highest degeneracy.

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15

Kaur, Sarbjeet, Sugandha Dhoun, Griet Depotter, Paramjit Kaur, Koen Clays, and Kamaljit Singh. "Synthesis, linear and nonlinear optical properties of thermally stable ferrocene-diketopyrrolopyrrole dyads." RSC Advances 5, no. 103 (2015): 84643–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra17977g.

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16

Sıdır, İsa, Yadigar Gülseven Sıdır, Halil Berber, Maria L. Ramos, Licínia L. G. Justino, and Rui Fausto. "Reversal in Solvatochromism, enol-imine/keto-amine Tautomerism and (E)-(Z) Photoisomerizations in a Benzylidene Aniline Schiff Base Derivative in Different Solvents." Molecules 30, no. 3 (2025): 745. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30030745.

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A novel Schiff base, (E)-4-acetyl-N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)aniline (abbreviated as ANHMA), was synthesized and characterized using infrared and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopies. Optical properties in different solvents were evaluated using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The compound is shown to exhibit both positive and negative solvatochromism with reversal occurring for solvents with ET(30)~45 (e.g., DMSO). The solvatochromic behavior of the compound was found to be strongly dependent on the hydrogen bond abilities and polarizability of the solvent, the observed reversal in solvatoch

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17

Reichardt, Christian, Stefan Löbbecke, Abdol Mohammed Mehranpour, and Gerhard Schäfer. "Pyridinium N-phenoxide betaines and their application to the determination of solvent polarities, XXIV. Syntheses and UV-vis spectroscopic properties of new lipophilic tert-butyl- and 1-adamantyl substituted, negatively solvatochromic pyridinium N-phenolate betaine dyes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 6 (1998): 686–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-019.

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Syntheses and negative solvatochromism of two new lipophilic pentaphenyl pyridinium N-phenolate betaine dyes, substituted with seven tert-butyl groups (9) or with three tert-butyl and two 1-adamantyl groups (13) in the peripheral phenyl rings, are described in order to get zwitterionic dyes that are more soluble in nonpolar solvents such as the standard betaine dye, 1, which has been used for the construction of an empirical scale of solvent polarity, called the ET(30) scale.Key words: betaine dyes, ET(30) values, lipophilic dyes, pyridinium N-phenolate betaine dyes, solvatochromism, solvent p

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18

Telegin, Felix Y., Viktoria S. Karpova, Anna O. Makshanova, Roman G. Astrakhantsev, and Yuriy S. Marfin. "Solvatochromic Sensitivity of BODIPY Probes: A New Tool for Selecting Fluorophores and Polarity Mapping." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (2023): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021217.

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This research work is devoted to collecting a high-quality dataset of BODIPYs in a series of 10–30 solvents. In total, 115 individual compounds in 71 solvents are represented by 1698 arrays of the spectral and photophysical properties of the fluorophore. Each dye for a series of solvents is characterized by a calculated value of solvatochromic sensitivity according to a semiempirical approach applied to a series of solvents. The whole dataset is classified into 6 and 24 clusters of solvatochromic sensitivity, from high negative to high positive solvatochromism. The results of the analysis are

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19

Szabadai, Rebecca S., Jesse Roth-Barton, Kenneth P. Ghiggino, Jonathan M. White, and David J. D. Wilson. "Solvatochromism in Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives: Experimental and Computational Studies." Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 9 (2014): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch14057.

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A series of seven thiophen-substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives were synthesised and their solution absorption spectra characterised in a range of solvents of varying polarity. The absorption spectra of these diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives exhibited significant negative solvatochromism. The behaviour is consistent with results of time-dependent density-functional theory calculations of excitation energies. Calculated electronic structures suggest that there is significant charge transfer between the electron-donating thiophen substituents and the diketopyrrolopyrrole core but that th

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20

Carlotti, Benedetta, Enrico Benassi, Anna Spalletti, Cosimo G. Fortuna, Fausto Elisei, and Vincenzo Barone. "Photoinduced symmetry-breaking intramolecular charge transfer in a quadrupolar pyridinium derivative." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 27 (2014): 13984–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp00631c.

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A joint experimental and theoretical study revealed the occurrence of highly efficient intramolecular charge transfer and excited state symmetry breaking in a cationic (donor–π–acceptor–π–donor)<sup>+</sup> quadrupolar compound showing negative solvatochromism.

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21

Merkushev, Dmitry, Olga Vodyanova, Felix Telegin, Pavel Melnikov, Nikolay Yashtulov, and Yuriy Marfin. "Design of Promising aza-BODIPYs for Bioimaging and Sensing." Designs 6, no. 2 (2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs6020021.

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The obtainment of new luminophores for molecular sensorics of biosystems is becoming one of the urgent tasks in the field of chemical synthesis. The solution to each practical problem imposes its own limitations in the design of new structures with practically useful properties. The relationship between the structure and spectral properties is still to be unveiled. Three aza-BODIPY complexes with substituents of different natures were studied using time-resolved and steady-state fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. The solvatochromic properties of aza-BODIPYs were studied with the use of

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22

Kim, Jae Joon, Kazumasa Funabiki, Hiroshige Muramatsu, et al. "Negative solvatochromism of azo dyes derived from (dialkylamino)thiazole dimers." Chemical Communications, no. 9 (2000): 753–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b001697g.

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23

Reichardt, Christian. "Pyridinium-N-phenolate betaine dyes as empirical indicators of solvent polarity: Some new findings." Pure and Applied Chemistry 80, no. 7 (2008): 1415–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200880071415.

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Solutions of the zwitterionic betaine dye 2,6-diphenyl-4-(2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium-1-yl)phenolate (hereinafter called standard betaine dye) and its derivatives are solvatochromic, thermochromic, piezochromic, and halochromic. That is, the position of its longest-wavelength intramolecular charge-transfer (CT) absorption band depends on solvent polarity, solution temperature, external pressure, and the type and concentration of salts (ionophores) added to the betaine dye solution. The outstanding large negative solvatochromism of this standard betaine dye has been used to establish UV/vis spect

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24

Meitinger, Nicolas, Alexander K. Mengele, Kamil Witas, Stephan Kupfer, Sven Rau, and Djawed Nauroozi. "Tetraaryl Cyclopentadienones: Experimental and Theoretical Insights into Negative Solvatochromism and Electrochemistry." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2020, no. 42 (2020): 6555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202001091.

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25

Iuliano, Veronica, Carmen Talotta, Carmine Gaeta, et al. "Negative Solvatochromism in a N-Linked p-Pyridiniumcalix[4]arene Derivative." Organic Letters 21, no. 8 (2019): 2704–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00683.

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26

Choudhary, Amol S., and Nagaiyan Sekar. "Phenazine Fused Benzo Coumarins with Negative Solvatochromism and Positive Solvatochromic Emission - Synthesis, Photo Physical Properties, DFT and TDDFT Studies." Journal of Fluorescence 25, no. 3 (2015): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10895-015-1553-x.

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27

Kunkely, Horst, and Amd Vogler. "Charge Transfer Interaction in (Riboflavin)tricarbonylrhenium(I) Chloride." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 53, no. 4 (1998): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1998-0405.

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Abstract [Re(riboflavin)(CO)3Cl] shows intraligand (λmax = 476 and 518 nm) and Re(I) to π* (riboflavin) metal-to-ligand charge transfer, MLCT, (λmax = 556 nm, in CH3CN) absorptions in close proximity. The MLCT band undergoes a moderate solvent-dependent shift (negative solvatochromism) indicating a partial charge separation in the excited state. The complex is not photoluminescent.

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28

Selivanova, Daria G., Alexei A. Gorbunov, Olga A. Mayorova та ін. "New electroactive asymmetrical chalcones and therefrom derived 2-amino- / 2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)pyrimidines, containing an N-[ω-(4-methoxyphenoxy)alkyl]carbazole fragment: synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 13 (10 серпня 2017): 1583–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.158.

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In this paper we present a synthetic approach to six new D–π–A–D conjugated chromophores containing the N-[ω-(4-methoxyphenoxy)alkyl]carbazole fragment. Such readily functionalizable heterocycle as carbazole was used as a main starting compound for their preparation. The investigation of the optical properties has shown that the positive solvatochromism is inherent to the chromophores containing an electron-withdrawing prop-2-en-1-one fragment, while the compounds containing a 2-aminopyrimidine moiety exhibit both positive and negative solvatochromism. The fluorescence quantum yields were expe

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29

Megia-Fernandez, Alicia, Maxime Klausen, Bethany Mills, et al. "Red-Shifted Environmental Fluorophores and Their Use for the Detection of Gram-Negative Bacteria." Chemosensors 9, no. 6 (2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9060117.

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Two novel, water-soluble, merocyanine fluorophores were readily prepared by microwave-assisted synthesis. Full optical characterization was performed in a series of protic and aprotic solvents, and the dyes displayed fluorescence in the red region with up to a 20-fold decrease in brightness in water, demonstrating a strong environmental sensitivity hereby termed as solvato-fluorogenicity (to distinguish from solvatochromism). Shorter fluorescent lifetimes were also measured in water, which confirmed this character. These dyes were conjugated to a modified polymyxin scaffold that allowed fluore

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30

Bhuvaneshwari, Durvas S., and Kuppanagounder P. Elango. "Solvent Hydrogen Bonding and Structural Effects on Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions: Part 5 – Reaction of 2-Bromo-5-nitropyridine with para-Substituted Anilines in Acetonitrile/Dimethylformamide Mixtures." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 63, no. 7-8 (2008): 493–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2008-7-817.

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Substitution reactions of some para-substituted anilines with 2-bromo-5-nitropyridine are carried out conductometrically in binary acetonitrile/dimethylformamide mixtures. The second-order rate constants correlate well with Hammett’s substituent constants yielding a negative value of ρ. The multiparameter correlation with Kamlet-Taft’s solvatochromic parameters is excellent (100R2 ~ 98%), and the computed percentage contributions of these parameters (Pα = 58%, Pβ = 4%, Pπ∗ = 38%) suggest that both specific and non-specific solute-solvent-solvent interactions influence the reactivity. The solva

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31

Berthelot, Mathieu, Patrice Jacques, Naouël Achour, Didier Le Nouën, Cécile Joyeux, and Hélène Chaumeil. "Synthesis and high negative solvatochromism of two new twisted pyridinium phenolate betaine dyes." Journal of Molecular Liquids 352 (April 2022): 118668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118668.

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32

Cha, Sunyoung, Myung Gil Choi, Hye Rim Jeon, and Suk-Kyu Chang. "Negative solvatochromism of merocyanine dyes: Application as water content probes for organic solvents." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 157, no. 1 (2011): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.03.020.

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33

Bui, Thanh-Tuân, Sébastien Péralta, and Frédéric Dumur. "Synthesis and Optical Properties of a Series of Push-Pull Dyes Based on Pyrene as the Electron Donor." Molecules 28, no. 3 (2023): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031489.

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Fifteen push-pull dyes comprising the tetracyclic polyaromatic pyrene have been designed and synthesized. The optical properties of the fifteen dyes have been examined in twenty-two solvents of different polarities. Surprisingly, contrarily to what is classically observed for push-pull dyes of D-π-A structures, a negative solvatochromism could be found for numerous dyes. The photoluminescence and thermal properties of the dyes were also examined. Theoretical calculations were carried out to support the experimental results.

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34

Avădănei, Mihaela Iuliana, Antonina Griţco-Todiraşcu, and Dana Ortansa Dorohoi. "Negative Solvatochromism of the Intramolecular Charge Transfer Band in Two Structurally Related Pyridazinium—Ylids." Symmetry 16, no. 11 (2024): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16111531.

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Two charge transfer compounds based on pyridazinium ylids were studied by electronic absorption spectroscopy in binary and ternary solutions, with the purpose of evaluating their descriptors of the first singlet excited state and to estimate the strength of the intermolecular interactions in protic solvents. The molecular descriptors of the excited state were comparatively estimated using the variational method and the Abe model of diluted binary solutions. Analysis of electronic properties using density functional theory was performed for several key solvents, in order to understand the solva

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35

Jacques, Patrice, Bernadette Graff, Vincent Diemer, et al. "Negative solvatochromism of a series of pyridinium phenolate betaine dyes with increasing steric hindrance." Chemical Physics Letters 531 (April 2012): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2012.02.018.

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36

Ishchenko, A. A., A. V. Kulinich, S. L. Bondarev, and V. N. Knyukshto. "Electronic structure and fluorescent properties of malononitrile-based merocyanines with positive and negative solvatochromism." Optics and Spectroscopy 104, no. 1 (2008): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0030400x08010086.

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37

R., Jeyalakshmi, and S. Bhuvaneshwari D. "Solvent hydrogen bonding and structural effects on the reaction of biphenyl and naphthalene sulphonyl chloride with para-substituted anilines in dime thy lfonnantide/ acetonitrile ntixtures." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 90, Feb 2013 (2013): 187–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5764819.

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PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College (Autonomous), Madurai-625 009, Tamilnadu, India <em>E-mail</em> : bukanch@yahoo.co.in <em>Manuscript received online O3 March 2012, revised 22 April 2012, accepted 24 April 2012</em> Substitution reactions of some of <em>para</em>-substituted anilines with biphenylsulphonyl chlolride and naphthalenesulphonyl chloride were carried out conductometrically in dimcthylformamide/acctonitrile mixtures. The correlation of second order rate constants with Hammett's substituent constants yil'lds a fairly linear straight 

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38

Bolz, Ina, Dieter Schaarschmidt, Tobias Rüffer, Heinrich Lang, and Stefan Spange. "A Pyridinium-Barbiturate-Betaine Dye with Pronounced Negative Solvatochromism: A New Approach for Molecular Recognition." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 48, no. 40 (2009): 7440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200902860.

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39

Leirer, Markus, Günther Knör, and Amd Vogler. "Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of 1,2-Diiminetricarbonylrhenium( I)chloride Complexes with Aliphatic Diimines (or 1,4-Diaza-1,3-butadienes) as Ligands." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 54, no. 3 (1999): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1999-0308.

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Re(1,2-diimine)(CO)3Cl complexes with the aliphatic bidentate ligands diiminosuccinodinitrile (DISN), benzilbisanile (BEAN), bisacetylbisanile (BABA), and benzildiimine (BEDIM) are reported. The compounds show Re(I) to π*(diimine) metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorptions in the visible spectral region. The energy of these MLCT-transitions decreases in the series BABA > BEDIM > BEAN > DISN, depending on the π* acceptor properties of the coordinated diimine ligands. The maxima of these CT bands undergo a solvent-dependent shift (negative solvatochromism), which indicates a par

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40

Suman, Roy, and Sinha Chittaranjan. "Solvatochromism and emission studies of Group 6 tetracarbonyl complexes of N-{(2-pyridyl)methyliden}-6-coumarin." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 91, Jul 2014 (2014): 1213–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5725051.

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Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, India <em>E-mail</em> : c_r_sinha@yahoo.com <em>Manuscript received online 26 September 2013, accepted 31 January 2014</em> Tetra-carbonyl Group 6 metal complexes of <em>N</em>-{(2-pyridyl)methyliden}-6-coumarin (L), [M(CO)<sub>4</sub> (L)], are used to study the effect of solvent polarity on the absorption and emission spectroscopy. The solvents of different polarity of hydroxylic and non-hydroxylic type are used. The MLCT band of the complexes is blue shifted with increasing solvent polarity and show

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41

Zhang, Fang, Rong Zhang, Xiaozhong Liang, et al. "1, 3-Indanedione functionalized fluorene luminophores: Negative solvatochromism, nanostructure-morphology determined AIE and mechanoresponsive luminescence turn-on." Dyes and Pigments 155 (August 2018): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.03.059.

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42

Sahoo, Dibakar, Prosenjit Bhattacharya, and Sankar Chakravorti. "Spectral Signature of 2-[4-(Dimethylamino)styryl]-1-methylquinolinium Iodide: A Case of Negative Solvatochromism in Water." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 115, no. 37 (2011): 10983–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp2046239.

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43

Cole, J. C., J. M. Cole, G. H. Cross, M. Farsari, J. A. K. Howard, and M. Szablewski. "Structural Studies of a Series of Organic Non-Linear Optical Materials." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 53, no. 5 (1997): 812–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876819601525x.

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The crystal structures of {4-[bis(diethylamino)methylium]phenyl}dicyanomethanide (I), {4-[cyano(4-methylpiperidyl)methylium]phenyl } dicyanomethanide (II), {4-[cyano(1-pyrrolidinyl)methylium]phenyl}dicyanomethanide (IV) and (Z)-{4-[1,3-dicyano-3-(diethylamino)-2-propenylium]phenyl} dicyanomethanide have been determined by X-ray crystallography. Together with (Z)-{4-[1-cyano-3-(diethylamino)-2-propenylium]phenyl}dicyanomethanide [(III): Cole, J. C., Howard, J. A. K., Cross, G. H. & Szablewski, M. (1995). Acta Cryst. C51, 715–718], these compounds exhibit varying degrees of quinoidal charact

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Meitinger, Nicolas, Alexander K. Mengele, Kamil Witas, Stephan Kupfer, Sven Rau, and Djawed Nauroozi. "Cover Feature: Tetraaryl Cyclopentadienones: Experimental and Theoretical Insights into Negative Solvatochromism and Electrochemistry (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 42/2020)." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2020, no. 42 (2020): 6502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202001288.

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Ali, Noorshida Mohd, Anthony J. H. M. Meijer, Michael D. Ward, Norlinda Daud, Norhayati Hashim, and Illyas Md Isa. "Solvatochromism and Theoretical Studies of Dicyanobis(phenylpyridine)iridium(III) Complex Using Density Functional Theory." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 21, no. 3 (2021): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.62763.

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Luminescent cyanometallate [Ir(ppy)2(CN)2]– (ppy = C6H5C5H4N) has recently gained attention due to its desired photophysical properties. Our research group reported that the [Ir(ppy)2(CN)2]– has shown a negative solvatochromism like [Ru(bipy)(CN)4]2–, resulting in a blue-shift of the UV-Vis absorption bands in the water. Therefore, to gain insight into the specific solvent-solute interaction governed by the hydrogen bond in the solvation hydration shell, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed on the singlet ground state of the [Ir(ppy)2(CN)2]– and its solvent environment i

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Cannelli, Oliviero, Tommaso Giovannini, Alberto Baiardi, Benedetta Carlotti, Fausto Elisei, and Chiara Cappelli. "Understanding the interplay between the solvent and nuclear rearrangements in the negative solvatochromism of a push–pull flexible quinolinium cation." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 48 (2017): 32544–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp07104c.

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Bosch, Paula, Desislava Staneva, Evgenia Vasileva-Tonkova, et al. "New Poly(Propylene Imine) Dendrimer Modified with Acridine and Its Cu(II) Complex: Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity." Materials 12, no. 18 (2019): 3020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12183020.

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A second-generation poly(propylene imine) dendrimer modified with acridine and its Cu(II) complex have been synthesized for the first time. It has been found that two copper ions form complexes with the nitrogen atoms of the dendrimeric core by coordinate bonds. The new compounds have been characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The spectral characteristics of the modified dendrimer have been measured in different organic solvents, and a negative fluorescence solvatoc

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Afri, Michal, Hugo E. Gottlieb, and Aryeh A. Frimer. "Reichardt’s dye: the NMR story of the solvatochromic betaine dye." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 92, no. 2 (2014): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2013-0349.

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Reichardt’s dye, 2,6-diphenyl-4-(2,4,6-triphenyl-1-pyridinio)phenolate (1), has a very large negative solvatochromism in the long wavelength absorption in the UV–vis spectrum when going from nonpolar to polar solvents. This shift provides the basis of the important and widely used ET(30) scale of solvent polarity. While many papers have investigated the properties of this dye, only a few describe the 1H and 13C NMR assignments in any detail. We report herein, our detailed analysis of the proton and carbon chemical shift assignments for this molecule based on 1D and 2D NMR measurements, as well

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Diemer, Vincent, Hélène Chaumeil, Albert Defoin, Patrice Jacques, and Christiane Carré. "Synthesis of 4-[N-methyl-4-pyridinio]-phenolate (POMP) and negative solvatochromism of this model molecule in view of nonlinear optical applications." Tetrahedron Letters 46, no. 28 (2005): 4737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.05.031.

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Steiner, Matthias R., Max Schmallegger, Larissa Donner, et al. "Using the phospha-Michael reaction for making phosphonium phenolate zwitterions." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 20 (January 10, 2024): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.20.6.

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The reactions of 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(diphenylphosphino)phenol and various Michael acceptors (acrylonitrile, acrylamide, methyl vinyl ketone, several acrylates, methyl vinyl sulfone) yield the respective phosphonium phenolate zwitterions at room temperature. Nine different zwitterions were synthesized and fully characterized. Zwitterions with the poor Michael acceptors methyl methacrylate and methyl crotonate formed, but could not be isolated in pure form. The solid-state structures of two phosphonium phenolate molecules were determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The bonding situ

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