Relevant bibliographies by topics / Negatively buoyant

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Negatively buoyant'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Negatively buoyant"

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PAPANICOLAOU, PANOS N., ILIAS G. PAPAKONSTANTIS, and GEORGE C. CHRISTODOULOU. "On the entrainment coefficient in negatively buoyant jets." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 614 (October 16, 2008): 447–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008003509.

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Integral models proposed to simulate positively buoyant jets are used to model jets with negative or reversing buoyancy issuing into a calm, homogeneous or density-stratified environment. On the basis of the self-similarity assumption, ‘top hat’ and Gaussian cross-sectional distributions are employed for concentration and velocity. The entrainment coefficient is considered to vary with the local Richardson number, between the asymptotic values for simple jets and plumes, estimated from earlier experiments in positively buoyant jets. Top-hat and Gaussian distribution models are employed in a wide range of experimental data on negatively buoyant jets, issuing vertically or at an angle into a calm homogeneous ambient, and on jets with reversing buoyancy, discharging into a calm, density-stratified fluid. It is found that geometrical characteristics such as the terminal (steady state) height of rise, the spreading elevation in stratified ambient and the distance to the point of impingement are considerably underestimated, resulting in lower dilution rates at the point of impingement, especially when the Gaussian formulation is applied. Reduction of the entrainment coefficient in the jet-like flow regime improves model predictions, indicating that the negative buoyancy reduces the entrainment in momentum-driven, negatively buoyant jets.
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Kikkert, G. A., M. J. Davidson, and R. I. Nokes. "Inclined Negatively Buoyant Discharges." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 133, no. 5 (May 2007): 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2007)133:5(545).

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Marugán-Cruz, C., J. Rodríguez-Rodríguez, and C. Martínez-Bazán. "Negatively buoyant starting jets." Physics of Fluids 21, no. 11 (November 2009): 117101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3253690.

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Marugán-Cruz, C., J. Rodríguez-Rodríguez, and C. Martínez-Bazán. "Formation regimes of vortex rings in negatively buoyant starting jets." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 716 (January 25, 2013): 470–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.554.

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AbstractThe formation of vortex rings in negatively buoyant starting jets has been studied numerically for different values of the Richardson number, $\mathit{Ri}$, covering the range of weak to moderate buoyancy effects ($0\leq \mathit{Ri}\leq 0. 20$). Two different regimes have been identified in the vortex formation and the transition between them takes place at $\mathit{Ri}\approx 0. 03$. The vorticity distribution inside the vortex ring after pinching off from the trailing stem as well as the total amount of circulation it encloses (characterized by the formation number, $F$) show different behaviours with the Richardson number in the two regimes. The differences are associated with the different mechanisms by which the head vortex absorbs the circulation injected by the starting jet. While secondary vortices are engulfed by the leading vortex before separating from the trailing jet in the weak buoyancy effects regime ($0\lt \mathit{Ri}\lt 0. 03$), this phenomenon is not observed in the moderate buoyancy effects regime ($0. 03\lt \mathit{Ri}\lt 0. 2$). Moreover it is shown that the formation number of a negatively buoyant vortex ring can be determined by considering that its dynamics are similar to that of a neutrally buoyant vortex but propagating with velocity corresponding to the negatively buoyant one. Based on this simple idea, a phenomenological model is presented to describe quantitatively the evolution of the formation number with the Richardson number, $F(\mathit{Ri})$, obtained numerically. In addition, the limitations of different vortex identification methods used to evaluate the vortex properties in buoyant flows are discussed.
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Adamsson, Åsa, and Lars Bergdahl. "Simulation of temperature influence on flow pattern and residence time in a detention tank." Hydrology Research 37, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2006.0005.

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Three-dimensional simulations were used to model how a temperature difference between the incoming water and tank water influences the flow pattern and residence time in a detention tank. Buoyant, neutrally buoyant and negatively buoyant incoming jets were simulated. The simulations were compared with measurements for neutrally buoyant jets in a large-scale model of a detention tank (13 × 9×1 m). The results show that a negatively buoyant jet gives slightly less effective volume, defined as the time when 50% of added tracer has passed the outlet divided by the nominal residence time, than a neutrally buoyant jet. The flow pattern for a negatively buoyant jet at low densimetric Froude numbers consists of a current that travels along the bottom towards the outlet and a counter current at the surface towards the inlet, while the neutrally buoyant jet excites a surface jet with two large eddies on each side of the jet. This implies that the short-circuiting will decrease when a negatively buoyant jet at low densimetric Froude number occurs in the tank. The difference between the flow pattern excited by a buoyant jet and a neutrally buoyant jet is small.
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Fragkou, Anastasia, and Panos Papanicolaou. "Positively and Negatively Round Turbulent Buoyant Jets into Homogeneous Calm Ambient." Proceedings 2, no. 11 (July 31, 2018): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2110572.

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A mathematical model has been employed to determine the characteristics of Boussinesq round buoyant jets which are injected horizontally or at an angle to horizontal, into a homogeneous, calm ambient. The solution of a system of three conservation first order nonlinear differential equations was obtained with a 4th Runge-Kutta scheme, using an entrainment coefficient which is related to the local Richardson number of the flow. Two types of positively and negatively buoyant jets were investigated (i) those where the buoyancy is a function of salinity henceforth called saline jets, and (ii) those where the buoyancy is a function of the temperature difference between jet and ambient fluid, henceforth called thermal jets.
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BAINES, PETER G. "Two-dimensional plumes in stratified environments." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 471 (November 5, 2002): 315–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112002002215.

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Laboratory experiments on the flow of negatively buoyant two-dimensional plumes adjacent to a wall in a density-stratified environment are described. The flow passes through several stages, from an inertial jet to a buoyant plume, to a neutrally buoyant jet, and then a negatively buoyant plume when it overshoots its equilibrium density. This fluid then ‘springs back’ and eventually occupies an intermediate range of heights. The flow is primarily characterized by the initial value of the buoyancy number, B0 = Q0N3/g′02, where Q0 is the initial volume flux per unit width, g′0 is the initial buoyancy and N is the buoyancy frequency of the environment. Scaled with the initial equilibrium depth D of the in flowing fluid, the maximum depth of penetration increases with B0, as does the width of the initial down flow, which is observed to increase very slowly with distance downward. Observations are made of the profiles of flow into and away from the plume as a function of height. Various properties of the flow are compared with predictions from the ‘standard’ two-dimensional entraining plume model, and this shows generally consistent agreement, although there are differences in magnitudes and in details. This flow constrasts with flows down gentle slopes into stratified environments, where two-way exchange of fluid occurs.
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Brusasca, G., M. G. Morselli, S. Alessio, D. Anfossi, and L. Briatore. "Hydraulic simulation of negatively buoyant plumes." Il Nuovo Cimento C 8, no. 3 (May 1985): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02574712.

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Ferrari, Simone, Maria Grazia Badas, and Giorgio Querzoli. "An Investigation on the Effects of Different Stratifications on Negatively Buoyant Jets." EPJ Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 02025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818002025.

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Negatively buoyant jets develop when fluids are released upwards into a lighter fluid or, vice versa, downwards into a heavier fluid. There are many engineering applications, such as the discharge, via submerged outfalls, of brine from desalination plants into the sea. Some concerns are raised about the potential negative environmental impacts of this discharge. The increase in salinity is the major cause for environmental impact, as it is very harmful to many marine species. The diffusers for brine discharge are typically inclined upwards, to increase the path before the brine reaches the sea bottom, as it tends to fall downwards driven by negative buoyancy. The negatively buoyant jet that develops conserves axisymmetry only when released vertically, so that it is not possible to use the well-known equations for axisymmetric jets. The main target of this paper is to investigate on a laboratory model the effects of different stratifications on the features of negatively buoyant jets. This has been done via a LIF (Light Induced Fluorescence) technique, testing various release angles on the horizontal and densimetric Froude numbers. Except for the initial stage, a different widening rate for the upper boundary and the lower boundary has been highlighted.
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Friedman, P. D., and J. Katz. "Rise Height for Negatively Buoyant Fountains and Depth of Penetration for Negatively Buoyant Jets Impinging an Interface." Journal of Fluids Engineering 122, no. 4 (June 22, 2000): 779–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1311786.

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A vertical jet or fountain, whose velocity is opposite to the direction of its buoyant force, reverses direction after reaching a maximum penetration depth. This penetration depth is measured from the jet exit or, if present, the location of the undisturbed interface. This paper shows that the penetration depth is only a function of a Richardson number divided by a jet spreading factor. If no interface is present, the spreading factor is one; otherwise the spreading factor is only a function of distance between the jet exit and the interface. As long as the jet is fully turbulent, the penetration depth is independent of Reynolds and Weber numbers. These trends are applicable to a broad range of fluid systems including air jets impacting liquids as well as miscible and immiscible liquid-liquid systems with only slight density differences. [S0098-2202(00)00304-7]
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Negatively buoyant"

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Myrtroeen, Ole Joergen. "Negatively buoyant fluid projectiles." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9212.

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An experimental study concerning the rise height and morphology of a negatively buoyant fluid projectile, produced when a finite volume of saline solution is forced vertically upwards into a quiescent and uniform fresh water environment, is presented. Unlike the much studied continuous injection of high Reynolds number negatively buoyant fluid giving rise to a turbulent fountain, the behaviour of a finite volume negatively buoyant release remains, until now, unstudied. The work presented herein is based on the development of an experimental set up and methodology specifically tailored to the study of the negatively buoyant projectile. We commence by identifying the two source parameters governing the behaviour of the negatively buoyant projectile; namely the source Froude number FrD, expressing the ratio of source momentum to source buoyancy, and the aspect ratio of release L/D. relating the length L of the column of saline solution dispensed to the nozzle diameter D. In doing so, we note the link to turbulent fountains (continuous negatively buoyant releases) whose behaviour is governed solely by FrD and to vortex rings (finite volume neutrally buoyant releases), whose behaviour is governed solely by L/D. Based on its differing rise height behaviour and morphology of release (for varying FrD and L/D), we classified the negatively buoyant projectile into one of three regimes: the weak-fountain regime, where the rise height behaviour of the negatively buoyant projectile adhered to very weak fountain predictions; the vorticity-development regime, where the development of an internal vortical structure within the head of the negatively buoyant projectile inhibited its vertical propagation; and the forced-release regime, where the rise height behaviour of the negatively buoyant release adhered, under certain source conditions, to forced fountain predictions. This adherence of the rise height behaviour of negatively buoyant projectiles to fountain rise height predictions led to a study of the source conditions (in terms of FrD and L/D), separating finite volume behaviour (negatively buoyant projectile) from continuous behaviour (fountain), at least in terms of initial fountain rise heights. This study led to a classification of the FrD and L/D vales marking the transition from finite volume behaviour to continuous behaviour for negatively buoyant releases, linking our work on the negatively buoyant projectile to existing fountain literature. Finally, we studied the time dependent volume of the head of the negatively buoyant projectile as it propagated, and identified two stages: a growth stage and a decay stage. We established that the volume of the head of the negatively buoyant projectile is subject to an absolute limit. This finding compares favourably with the absolute limit on the volume of fluid contained within a neutrally buoyant vortex ring (the formation number), as detailed in vortex ring literature. On comparing our findings on the negatively buoyant projectile to those on vortex rings, we developed a new method for estimating the formation number of negatively buoyant projectiles (possibly also for vortex rings), determined the dependence of the formation number on FrD, and linked our work on the negatively buoyant projectile to the existing literature on vortex rings.
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Oliver, Cameron. "Near field mixing of negatively buoyant jets." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil & Natural Resources, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6300.

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Negatively buoyant jets are turbulent flows that are frequently employed by the desalination industry to disperse reject brines into oceanic environments. Although such brines are characterised by elevated concentrations of the same elemental components as the discharge environment contains, there is significant potential for marine ecosystem damage if this waste is not diluted properly. Numerous workers have analysed the dilution and spatial characteristics of negatively buoyant jets, but published data demonstrates notable inconsistencies. An important reason for these discrepancies is the variety of bottom-boundary conditions employed. This complicates comparison with predictions by integral models typically employed for discharge design, as these generally have not been developed with consideration to boundary interaction. In the present study, negatively buoyant jet experimental data is collected where bottom boundary distances are sufficiently large to avoid boundary influence at the point where the discharge returns to its source height (the return point). Near-field centreline dilution data is measured under still ambient conditions, for the source inclinations of 15–75°. Considerable attention is paid to experimental data quality, and all relevant issues are mitigated where possible. In order to ensure the boundary has no influence, source heights in this study range between 2.33 d F0 and 8.07 d F0. A variety of time-averaged and temporal statistics are calculated, and these statistics are compared with published experimental data and predictions by integral models. Normalised trajectory and dilution data from the source through to the return point collapses well at each inclination. The attention to signal quality and the self-consistency of derived experimental results in this study suggest a high level of accuracy, and large distances to the bottom boundary ensure that results are not confused by boundary interaction. Data for dilution rate at the return point supports the use of higher source inclinations (60° and 75°) to maximise dilution capability. A new ‘forced jet’ model is developed that incorporates the concept of a reducing buoyancy flux as the flow rises to maximum height. While this model is not applicable above source inclinations of 60°, predictions at other inclinations are reasonable. Dilution predictions are notably improved when compared to those from existing integral models. Finally, CFD simulations of negatively buoyant jets are conducted using the k-ε turbulence model. Despite the sophistication of this model, the quality of spatial and dilution bulk flow predictions at the centreline maximum height are no better than those obtained from the forced jet model or analytical solutions of Kikkert et al. (2007).
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Crowe, Adam. "Inclined Negatively Buoyant Jets and Boundary Interaction." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7895.

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Inclined negatively buoyant jets are commonly used to dispose brine effluent produced by desalination plants. Desalination and associated research has expanded in recent years due to the continued depletion and degradation of natural potable water sources. Desalination plants are the preferred option for meeting water demand deficits in many countries around the world. Inclined negatively buoyant jets are produced when the brine is discharged at an upward inclined angle via an offshore pipeline and diffuser system. Previous experimental studies have focused on the rapid mixing and dilution achieved by these discharges, as well as geometric parameters. Dilution measurements between these experimental studies vary significantly, which is possibly due to variations in the location of a lower boundary on observed flow behaviour. In the present study, velocity field information is experimentally measured for inclined negatively buoyant jets and compared to integral model predictions. Experiments are conducted with and without a lower boundary influencing observed flow behaviour, thus allowing the effects of a lower boundary to be determined. The particle tracking velocimetry experimental technique is employed to measure near field velocities of these discharges. Firstly, discharges with source angles between 15\degree and 75\degree are investigated without boundary influence in stationary ambient conditions. The source was a minimum of 655 mm above the bottom of the experimental tank to ensure there was no lower boundary influence on observed behaviour. Time-averaged and fluctuating data are extracted along the trajectory of discharges. All non-dimensionalised geometric and centreline velocity parameters are found to collapse. Empirical coefficients are compared to previous experimental studies and integral model predictions. A new detrainment model is developed to predict the behaviour of inclined negatively buoyant jets without boundary influence. The model further develops recent attempts to allow for buoyancy flux reduction along the flow path. The reduction in buoyancy flux is dependent on the local parameters of the flow and simulates experimentally observed detrainment. Dilution, geometric, and velocity predictions are found to be improved over previous models when compared to experimental data. Finally, a raised platform was placed inside the experimental tank to determine the influence of a lower boundary on inclined negatively buoyant jets. Source angles of 30\degree, 45\degree, and 60\degree are investigated at three different non-dimensional source heights. The lower boundary is horizontal and ambient conditions are again stationary. Discharges impinge the lower boundary before forming a radially spreading layer along the boundary. Geometric and velocity data are compared to the first set of experiments in this study to determine the influence of the lower boundary on observed flow behaviour. Empirical coefficients at maximum height are similar with and without the influence of the boundary, whereas coefficients are substantially influenced at the return point when the boundary is present.
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Harrison, Timothy H. (Timothy Hans) 1978. "Experimental studies of two-phase negatively buoyant plumes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84264.

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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2001.
"June 2001."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-71).
by Timothy H. Harrison.
M.Eng.
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Alfaifi, Hassan. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Positively and Negatively-buoyant Round Jets in a Stagnant Water Ambient." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39860.

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Discharge of brine wastewater produced from industrial plants into adjacent coastal water bodies is considered as a preferable and common method currently used in many offshore industrial plants. Therefore, it is important to carefully study the behavior of jets and their environmental impacts on water bodies close to the discharge points, especially when the density is different between the jets and the receiving water. The main goal of this study is to improve the understanding of the mixing behaviour of jet trajectories for positively (offset) and negatively (inclined) buoyant jets when density is considered a significant factor, and also to examine the accuracy of some RANS turbulence models and one type of artificial neural network in predicting jet trajectory behaviours. In the first part of this study, experiments using a PIV system for offset buoyant jets were conducted in order to study the effect of the density differences (due to salinity [nonthermal] or temperature [thermal]) between the discharge and the receiving water body on the jet behavior, and the results showed that the nonthermal jets behaved differently as compared to the thermal jets, even though the densimetric Froude numbers (Frd) and density differences (∆ρ) were similar. In addition, a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) numerical model was performed using open-source CFD code (OpenFOAM) with a developed solver (modified form of the pisoFoam solver). The realizable k-ε model showed the best prediction among the models. Secondly, an extensive experimental study of an inclined dense jet for two angles (15°and 52°) was conducted to study the effect of these angles on the jets’ geometrical characteristics in the presence of a wide range of densimetric Froude numbers as well as with different discharge densities. More experimental data were obtained for these angles to be added to the previous data for the purpose of calibrating, validating, and comparing the various numerical models for future studies. The results of these experiments are used to evaluate the performance of a type of artificial neural network method called the group method of data handling (GMDH), and the GMDH results are then compared with existing analytical solutions in order to prove the accuracy of the GMDH method in simulating mixing behaviors in water bodies. Thirdly, a comprehensive study on predicting the geometrical characteristics of inclined negatively-buoyant jests using GMDH approach was conducted. The superiority of this model was demonstrated statistically by comparing to several previous analytical models. The results obtained from this study confirm that the GMDH model was highly accurate and was the best among others for predicting the geometrical characteristics of inclined negatively-buoyant jests.
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Jain, Aakanksha. "Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in the Prediction of Industrial Outfall Discharges." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39812.

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Artificial intelligence techniques have been widely used for prediction in various areas of sciences and engineering. In the thesis, applications of AI techniques are studied to predict the dilution of industrial outfall discharges. The discharge of industrial effluents from the outfall systems is broadly divided into two categories on the basis of density. The effluent with density higher than the water receiving will sink and called as negatively buoyant jet. The effluent with density lower than the receiving water will rise and called as positively buoyant jet. The effluent discharge in the water body creates major environmental threats. In this work, negatively buoyant jet is considered. For the study, ANFIS model is taken into consideration and incorporated with algorithms such as GA, PSO and FFA to determine the suitable model for the discharge prediction. The training and test dataset for the ANFIS-type models are obtained by simulating the jet using the realizable k-ε turbulence model over a wide range of Froude numbers i.e. from 5 to 60 and discharge angles from 20 to 72.5 degrees employing OpenFOAM platform. Froude number and angles are taken as input parameters for the ANFIS-type models. The output parameters were peak salinity (Sm), return salinity (Sr), return point in x direction (xr) and peak salinity coordinates in x and y directions (xm and ym). Multivariate regression analysis has also been done to verify the linearity of the data using the same input and output parameters. To evaluate the performance of ANFIS, ANFIS-GA, ANFIS-PSO, ANFIS-FFA and multivariate regression model, some statistical parameters such as coefficient of determination (R2), root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and average absolute deviation in percentage are determined. It has been observed that ANFIS-PSO is better in predicting the discharge characteristics.
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Book chapters on the topic "Negatively buoyant"

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Naitoh, Takashi, Nobuyuki Okura, Tomomi Tanaka, and Fumihito Goto. "Penetration by a Negatively Buoyant Vortex Ring." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 565–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30602-5_69.

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Lindberg, W. R. "Experiments on Negatively Buoyant Jets, with and without Cross-Flow." In Recent Research Advances in the Fluid Mechanics of Turbulent Jets and Plumes, 131–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0918-5_8.

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Eleuch, Oumaima, Noureddine Latrache, Sobhi Frikha, and Zied Driss. "Numerical Study of the Fluid Characteristics Effect on the Penetration of a Negatively Buoyant Jet." In CFD Techniques and Energy Applications, 49–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70950-5_3.

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Li, Qiong, Xiaoqiao Huang, Yonghang Tai, and Wenfeng Gao. "Research Progress on the Flow Behavior of Negative Buoyancy Jet." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 235–41. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1843-7_29.

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Volkova, A. A., and V. A. Gritsenko. "Structural Features of the Dip Process of Thermics with Negative Buoyancy." In Processes in GeoMedia—Volume I, 215–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38177-6_23.

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Igra, R., R. G. Scurlock, and Y. Y. Wu. "Reverse Convection in Helium and Other Fluids in the High Speed Rotating Frame: Negative and Positive Buoyancy Effects." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 447–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_51.

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"Simplified estimates of trajectory of inclined negatively buoyant jets." In Environmental Hydraulics, Two Volume Set, 185–90. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10553-29.

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Conference papers on the topic "Negatively buoyant"

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Boetcher, S. K. S., and F. A. Kulacki. "Negatively Buoyant Plume Flow in a Baffle." In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56268.

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Transient two-dimensional negatively buoyant flow into a straight adiabatic baffle beneath an isothermal circular cylinder is numerically simulated. The surrounding fluid is considered infinite in extent and at constant temperature. Governing parameters are the baffle width and the offset of the entrance of the baffle beneath the center of the cylinder. Overall characteristics of the flow and entrainment of the surrounding fluid are found to be dependent on the baffle offset; however, the attachment length of the flow to the baffle wall is relatively insensitive to the offset. Heat transfer rates to the cylinder are calculated for various times for various baffle offsets. There is a weak dependence on baffle-offset distance with heat transfer rate.
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Nootz, Gero, Vishwamithra Sunkara, and Grant Webb. "A Mechanism to Deploy a Negatively Buoyant Payload from a Neutrally Buoyant Platform." In Global Oceans 2020: Singapore - U.S. Gulf Coast. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf38699.2020.9389179.

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Khatmullina, Liliya, Liliya Khatmullina, Igor Isachenko, Igor Isachenko, Elena Esiukova, Elena Esiukova, Irina Chibarenko, and Irina Chibarenko. "EXPERIMENTING ON SETTLING VELOCITIES OF NEGATIVELY BUOYANT MICROPLASTICS." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4315c8f7df.

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Presence of small plastic particles (< 5 mm), defined as microplastics, in the ocean and, especially, in coastal areas became evident in the last decade. From physical point of view, this fact indicates emergence of a new type of particles in the ocean. In contrast to the abundance of studies concerning sources, actual distribution and ecological effects of those particles, there are almost no detailed descriptions of physical mechanisms determining their distribution and behavior in the water column. Settling velocities of microplastics were measured in a series of experiments conducted in a 1-meter high glass tank filled with distilled water, in accordance with the typical methodology used in sedimentology. At first approximation, we supposed that the semi-empirical formulations developed for the natural sediments would be applicable to the microplastics. Results of preliminary experiments on microplastics of simple shapes justified this hypothesis. The majority of the implemented equations of settling velocity fitted well with the experimental data. Next step would be to test these formulations on the marine microplastic particles with greater variability in shapes. The research is supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project number 15-17-10020.
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Khatmullina, Liliya, Liliya Khatmullina, Igor Isachenko, Igor Isachenko, Elena Esiukova, Elena Esiukova, Irina Chibarenko, and Irina Chibarenko. "EXPERIMENTING ON SETTLING VELOCITIES OF NEGATIVELY BUOYANT MICROPLASTICS." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93d91676c9.18062353.

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Presence of small plastic particles (< 5 mm), defined as microplastics, in the ocean and, especially, in coastal areas became evident in the last decade. From physical point of view, this fact indicates emergence of a new type of particles in the ocean. In contrast to the abundance of studies concerning sources, actual distribution and ecological effects of those particles, there are almost no detailed descriptions of physical mechanisms determining their distribution and behavior in the water column. Settling velocities of microplastics were measured in a series of experiments conducted in a 1-meter high glass tank filled with distilled water, in accordance with the typical methodology used in sedimentology. At first approximation, we supposed that the semi-empirical formulations developed for the natural sediments would be applicable to the microplastics. Results of preliminary experiments on microplastics of simple shapes justified this hypothesis. The majority of the implemented equations of settling velocity fitted well with the experimental data. Next step would be to test these formulations on the marine microplastic particles with greater variability in shapes. The research is supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project number 15-17-10020.
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Doneker, Robert L., Adi S. Ramachandran, and Frank Opila. "Multiport Diffuser Design for a Negatively Buoyant Discharge." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480632.007.

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Wu, Jeff X., and Gary R. Hunt. "Poster: The evolving morphology of negatively-buoyant vortex rings." In 68th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics. American Physical Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/aps.dfd.2015.gfm.p0034.

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Lin, Jian-Feng, Shih-Chun Hsiao, Tai-Wen Hsu, and Kuang-An Chang. "Experimental Study of a Negatively Buoyant Horizontal Jet in Wave Environment." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49279.

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Abstract:
The present study is to investigate the mechanism of turbulent fluctuation between regular progressive wave and non-buoyant and buoyant jet experimentally. A particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique was employed to measure the instantaneous velocity field and provide quantitative results about mean and turbulent properties via phase-averaged method of all instantaneous velocity maps located at that spatial location. Two kinds of initial effluent were used to examine the effects of buoyancy on the interactions of a turbulent jet under water waves. The experimental results demonstrate that the diffusion of salt water jet changes to a wider profile caused by the wave oscillatory motion. As expected, the width of turbulence intensity of salt water jet increased when it under waves. Furthermore, this confirmed that width and magnitude of the mean flow and turbulence intensity were significantly increased and shifted when the salt water jet was under the wave environments.
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AHMAD, R., E. MATHIAS, and S. BORAAS. "Negatively buoyant flow along vertical cylinders at high Rayleigh numbers." In 26th Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2723.

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Boetcher, S. K. S., and F. A. Kulacki. "Buoyant Flow and Heat Transfer in a Conducting Baffle." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-69081.

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A numerical simulation of transient two-dimensional negatively buoyant flow into a straight baffle situated below an isothermal circular cylinder is performed. Both an adiabatic and a highly conducting baffle are considered over a range of Rayleigh numbers, 106 &lt; RaD &lt; 107. During the quasi-steady-state period, the surrounding fluid is effectively considered infinite in extent and at constant temperature. It is found that in general, the conducting baffle is at a disadvantage in maintaining a short attachment length which is needed to optimally slow the flow to prevent mixing. Qualitative flow fields are shown and heat transfer rates to the cylinder are calculated at the quasi-steady state.
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Kapulla, Ralf, Domenico Paladino, Guillaume Mignot, Robert Zboray, and Sanjeev Gupta. "Break-Up of Gas Stratification in LWR Containment Induced by Negatively Buoyant Jets and Plumes." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75708.

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For the creation of an experimental database related to physical phenomena relevant for LWR containment safety, tests are performed in MISTRA (CEA, France) and PANDA (PSI, Switzerland) facilities in the frame of the OECD/SETH-2 project. The specific purpose of these tests is to obtain data suitable to improve and validate advanced Lumped Parameter (LP) codes as well as codes with 3D capabilities with respect to the prediction of post-accident containment thermal-hydraulic conditions. The experimental data is related to hydrogen transport within containment compartments. In particular, the effect of mass sources (the release of steam and hydrogen), heat sources (hydrogen-oxygen recombiner), and heat sinks (condensation of steam caused by containment coolers and sprays or “cold” wall) on the break-up/erosion of an initially gas stratified configuration characterized by a layer with a high hydrogen content. Helium is used to simulate hydrogen in the PANDA facility. This paper presents the result of a series of SETH-2 PANDA tests attributed to “vertical fluid release” (plumes or jets). Two large containment compartments (∼180 m3) connected by a bended pipe of ∼1 m diameter are used for these tests. For all the tests, a helium-steam mixture having a thickness of 2 m is created in the upper volume of one compartment while the remaining volume is filled with steam. During the tests, steam jets or plumes are created by injecting steam from a vertical pipe located at the center of the vessel 2 m below the helium-steam mixture. The jet or plume is initially positively buoyant and becomes negatively buoyant once it reaches the helium-steam layer. These transient tests show the degradation of the helium-steam layer for different jet Reynolds numbers. The initial Froude number at the injection pipe varied in the range of ∼3 to ∼9, while the estimated Froude number at the helium-steam mixture/steam interface varied from ∼0.70 to ∼2.
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