Academic literature on the topic 'Negotiation of flexibility'
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Journal articles on the topic "Negotiation of flexibility"
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Smolinski, Remigiusz. "How Was the Fifth European Union Enlargement Actually Negotiated? A Comparative Analysis of Selected Traits." International Negotiation 13, no. 2 (2008): 247–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180608x320234.
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AbstractDespite the political and economic importance of the fifth European Union enlargement, not much research has been devoted to the negotiation process that led to this event. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of our survey conducted among politicians and diplomats representing the parties in the accession negotiations. The main objectives of this survey were to identify differences between the negotiating behavior and attitudes of participants and examine differences between the perceptions (self-perception vs. the perception of the negotiation partners) of the negotiating profiles. From the survey data, we gain valuable insights into the negotiation process, particularly into the parties' perceptions of selected traits, such as attitudes, interests, power, climate, team organization, communication, concern for protocol, flexibility, emotion, and time sensitivity, among negotiating profiles.
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Lilja, Jannie. "Domestic-Level Factors and Negotiation (In)Flexibility in the WTO." International Negotiation 17, no. 1 (2012): 115–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180612x630956.
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Abstract Some suggest that the fault lines of the WTO’s perceived failures actually lie in failures at the domestic level. This study examines the factors that can explain flexibility (and inflexibility) in multilateral trade negotiations within WTO member states. To shed light on the role of domestic factors in influencing WTO positions, we examine one member state in connection with a high-level meeting. India at the July 2008 Ministerial is selected primarily for methodological reasons. The empirical analysis provides preliminary support for the proposition that domestic policy-making structures marked by continuous information exchange and coordination are more likely to yield negotiation flexibility in multilateral talks. More specifically, the intense interaction that marks the relationships between actors involved in policy making on Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) and services, where the Indian negotiation position was flexible overall, stands in contrast to what took place in the area of agriculture, where India took a manifestly inflexible stand. Competing explanations fail to fully account for the variation in these negotiating postures. A key insight from the analysis is that organized and regularized consultations, involving the same actors over time, are important. There is also a need for public outreach strategies in connection with high-level WTO meetings.
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Ogliastri, Enrique, and Gimmy Salcedo. "La cultura negociadora en el Perú: un estudio exploratorio." Cuadernos de difusión 13, no. 25 (December 30, 2008): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46631/jefas.2008.v13n25.01.
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This is a qualitative study about how to conduct business in Peru. It is based on 47 semi-structured questionnaires on pointed negotiation experiences in which a Peruvian side was involved. The information was classified into 23 items about the customs, tactics, concepts, expectations, beliefs and values that occur in conflict and negotiation processes in Peru. Here was found a culture very similar to that widespread in Latin America: the dominance of haggling as a negotiating process, based on an unreasonable request at the beginning that is to be adjusted slowly. Cordial relations are preferred in an informal atmosphere; it is customary to not do much preparation for the negotiation and recourse to cunning and power more often than to objective technical criteria. In this culture emotions are expressed, and uncertainties have generated a great deal of flexibility in negotiations. The results must be validated by further analysis. This study is part of an extensive research on intercultural negotiation.
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Meerts, Paul. "Order through Negotiation." International Negotiation 11, no. 2 (2006): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180606778968353.
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AbstractThe negotiation process can be a tool that generates order in international relations between states and international organizations. Order and structure are needed in a globalizing world of interdependencies and growing cleavages. The importance of international regimes in channeling and protecting negotiation processes is discussed. Regimes and interstate bargaining can only be effective if the main actors successfully balance their interests and activities. To create this equilibrium, extra-regime negotiations are as much needed as intra-regime bargaining, since negotiation is as much about situations as it is about structures, flexibility plus strength.
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DRUCKMAN, DANIEL, and CHRISTOPHER MITCHELL. "Flexibility in Negotiation and Mediation." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 542, no. 1 (November 1995): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716295542001002.
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Schwamberger, Yannick, and Saïd Yami. "Negotiation and work flexibility in France." Journal of Organizational Change Management 13, no. 5 (October 2000): 493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09534810010377453.
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Mousa Al Janabi, Hazem Hamad. "Negotiating Tripartite Philosophy (Strategy–tactics–technique)." Tikrit Journal For Political Science 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/poltic.v1i1.93.
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Tripartite Negotiating philosophy: (strategy - tactics - technique)
At the beginning , the research consists of four sections as follows: The first axis titled: "what negotiation", and the second axis: "philosophy of negotiation," The third axis titled: "negotiation strategy".
Down to the fourth axis which included titled: "negotiating tactic", Sajama with the past and as a supplement came fifth axis titled: "negotiating technique", to be the bottom line in the form of a set of conclusions.
Negotiation consists of a base triple hierarchical strategy - tactics - technique.
The philosophy of negotiating interactive basis of rationality.
Negotiable three parties are the position and the case and the parties involved.
Is the process of negotiating strategic recruitment capacity and capabilities to achieve the desired goal of the crisis prematurely.
Negotiating tactic is the process of hiring capacity and capabilities to achieve the desired goal at the negotiating table.
•The technique is the process of negotiating employment capacity and capabilities to achieve the desired goal at the negotiating table to contain thesudden things check response and renewed flexibility.
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Pruitt, Dean. "Negotiation with Terrorists." International Negotiation 11, no. 2 (2006): 371–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180606778968290.
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AbstractNegotiation with non-ideological ethno-nationalist terrorists is more common and more successful than with other kinds of terrorists. Additional strategies for dealing with terrorists include combating, isolating, and mainstreaming. There are many arguments against negotiation with terrorists, but most of them do not apply to secret backchannel talks, which are usually the method of choice in first approaching these groups. The success of negotiation depends on the development of flexibility by both the terrorists and the authorities. These and other points are illustrated with case materials from the Northern Ireland peace process, and the analysis is extended, on a speculative basis, to negotiation with several Islamic terrorist groups.
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Thompson, Michael A., Patricia A. Hurley, Bryan Faller, Jean Longinette, Katie Richter, Teresa L. Stewart, and Nicholas Robert. "Challenges With Research Contract Negotiations in Community-Based Cancer Research." Journal of Oncology Practice 12, no. 6 (June 2016): e626-e632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.2016.010975.
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Purpose: Community-based research programs face many barriers to participation in clinical trials. Although the majority of people with cancer are diagnosed and treated in the community setting, only roughly 3% are enrolled onto clinical trials. Research contract and budget negotiations have been consistently identified as time consuming and a barrier to participation in clinical trials. ASCO’s Community Research Forum conducted a survey about specific challenges of research contract and budget negotiation processes in community-based research settings. The goal was to ultimately identify potential solutions to these barriers. Methods: A survey was distributed to 780 community-based physician investigators and research staff. The survey included questions to provide insight into contract and budget negotiation processes and perceptions about related barriers. Results: A total of 77% of the 150 respondents acknowledged barriers in the process. Respondents most frequently identified budget-related issues (n = 133), inefficiencies in the process (n = 80), or legal review and negotiation issues (n = 70). Of the respondents, 44.1% indicated that contract research organizations made the contract negotiations process harder for their research program, and only 5% believed contract research organizations made the process easier. The contract negotiations process is perceived to be impeded by sponsors through underestimation of costs, lack of flexibility with the contract language, and excessive delays. Conclusion: Improving clinical trial activation processes and reducing inefficiencies would be beneficial to all interested stakeholders, including patients who may ultimately stand to benefit from participation in clinical trials. The following key recommendations were made: standardization of contracts and negotiation processes to promulgate transparency and efficiencies, improve sponsor processes to minimize burden on sites, create and promote use of contract templates and best practices, and provide education and consultation.
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Lolu, Irina, Aurelian Stanescu, Mihnea Moisescu, and Ioan Stefan Sacala. "Distributed Task Allocation in Multi-Robot Systems Using Argumentation-Based Negotiation." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 1238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.1238.
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The continuous growing of application’s complexity and increased interest in automated negotiation brought recently researcher’s attention to persuasive negotiation (PN) and argumentation-based negotiation (ABN). The Market-based approach has gained popularity in the last decade due to its flexibility, speed and robustness. Contract Net protocol inspired algorithms have been proved suitable for allocating weakly coupled tasks in robot teams, but there are still some challenges when addressing complex application in uncertain environments. In this context the purpose of the paper is to present a method to allocate tasks in multi-robot systems through the use of augmentation- based negotiation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Negotiation of flexibility"
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Jesus, Élia Isabel Gamito de. "Formas flexíveis de emprego : estudo empírico do trabalho temporário na região de Setúbal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3573.
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Mestrado em Sociologia Económica e das OrganizaçõesA flexibilidade, e os conceitos a ela associados, designadamente a competitividade, encontram-se na ordem do dia e invadem o nosso quotidiano impondo nas sociedades contemporâneas, novos valores, novas representações, novos modos de vida, novos modelos de organização do trabalho e novas estratégias e práticas empresariais e societárias. Neste encadeamento de ideias, e embora continuemos na antiga mas actual dicotomia entre capital e trabalho, o factor humano não se encontra apenas associado ao "trabalho", tendendo a ser designado e (devendo ser) entendido como "capital humano", sob a forma de competências e qualificações individuais e grupais e como factor estratégico para o sucesso das organizações. Contudo, o "reverso da medalha" da flexibilidade e em particular das formas flexíveis de emprego, ou os efeitos nocivos da neoliberalização levada ao limite, traduz-se na segmentação do mercado de trabalho e numa polarização social entre dois extremos: regra geral, de um lado, um núcleo duro de trabalhadores-chave, com vínculos laborais estáveis e objecto de uma mobilidade profissional e polivalência ilimitada e, do outros, os trabalhadores periféricos ou substituíveis, com vínculos habitualmente precários e trajectórias profissionais descontínuas. O presente trabalho pretende indagar sobre as oportunidades e/ou desvantagens destes percursos profissionais caracterizados pela sua precariedade e diferentes níveis (salarial, situações de trabalho pouco qualificantes ou mesmo desqualificantes, acesso a formação profissional e as oportunidades de carreira, entre outros), visando modestamente contribuir para um melhor conhecimento desta realidade e enriquecimento da literatura ao nível dos estudos regionais. Suportado num quadro teórico de análise que integra diversas perspectivas e visões, realiza-se um estudo empírico sobre o trabalho temporário na região de Setúbal, através da aplicação de um inquérito por questionário a trabalhadores temporários, de entrevistas com parceiros sociais e institucionais regionais e da exploração de dados estatísticos.
Flexibility, and its associate concepts, like competitiveness, are a important matter that invade our day-by-day imposing in the contemporaries societies, new values, new representations, new ways of life, new models of labour organisation and new enterprises and social practices and strategies. In this context, and even we continue in the old but actual dichotomy between capital and labour, the human factor does not only is assoicated to labour, tending to be assigned and understood as human capital, under the form of abilities and individual and group qualifications and as a strategic factor for organisations success. However, the flexibility, and in particular the flexible forms of job, as also negative effects, or the harmful effect of the neo-liberalisation taken to the limit, are expressed the segmentation of the work market and a social polarisation between two extemities: general rule, in one side, a hard nucleus of key-workers, with steady labour bonds and object of a professional mobility and limitless polyvalence and, in the other side, the peripheral or replaceable workers, with habitually precarious bonds and discontinuous professional trajectories. The present work intends to inquire on the chances and /or disadvantages of these professional passages characterised by its precariousness at different levels (wages, unqualified situations of work, access to professional training and opportunities of career, among others), modestly aiming at to contribute for one better knowledge of this reality and a literature enrichment of the regional studies. Supported in a theoretical picture of analysis that integrates a diverseness of perspectives, an empirical study is become full-filled on the temporary work in the regiona of Setúbal, through the application of an inquiry by questionnaire to temporary workers, and interviews with regional social and institutional partners and of the exploration os statistical data.
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Kornelakis, Andreas. "Mediating EU liberalisation and negotiating flexibility : a coalitional approach to wage bargaining change." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/208/.
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How do we explain divergent trajectories of change in wage bargaining institutions? The advancement of European economic integration, leading to markets liberalisation and increased competition, was expected to bring the breakdown of centralised bargaining arrangements. This expectation was even stronger given the internationalisation of new management practices, pushing European firms to enhance their competitiveness via increasing flexibility. Despite strong theoretical expectations towards a generalised breakdown of wage bargaining, one finds divergent trajectories of change across European countries and sectors. The task of this thesis is to explain the puzzle of varied responses in otherwise similar sectors. Banking and telecommunications sectors in Italy and Greece display a diversity of paths of institutional change: breakdown of bargaining, reform of bargaining, successful centralisation, and failed centralisation. The direction of the paths of institutional change may be explained in large part by two factors ignored by earlier literature: ‘employer associability’ and ‘labourstate coalitions’. On the one hand, it is argued that employers associations which possess the legal competence and take into account the collective interests of both large and smaller firms, may reform the wage bargaining institution, getting the ‘best of both worlds’ for their members. Additionally, a ‘labour-state coalition’ may moderate the destabilising pressures to wage bargaining, as long as trade unions are able to speak with a ‘single voice’. The government will not only be motivated by electoral concerns, but also support centralised bargaining to gain ‘room for manoeuvre’ for tactical policy trade-offs advancing its agenda. Overall, the thesis refines earlier propositions, suggesting a more nuanced causal mechanism to explain institutional change. The argument speaks to wider debates in comparative political economy and comparative employment systems; it fleshes out empirically the role of the state in Mediterranean capitalism and highlights factors that moderate pressures to convergence to the Liberal Market model.
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Vaňkátová, Petra. "Vybrané problémy liberalizace světového obchodu průmyslovými výrobky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-12289.
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This thesis deals with the current events in the World Trade Organization concerning about non-agricultural (industrial) products. It describes negotiations procceding cca from the year 2006 till now. The problems that I have chosen correspond to the chapters and comprises formula for tariff cutting and its coefficients, flexibilities, non-tariff barriers, sectoral negotiations and recently added members. Just as the problems I have chosen also the countries - Brazil, China, India, the European Union and the United States of America. They could be classified as the key and most active players in non-agricultural market access negotiations. I was concentrating on their opinions, attitudes, reaction and especially proposals.
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Margarido, João Manuel. "Relações laborais no OPART, EPE: em busca da flexibilidade e da segurança." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/2573.
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A presente investigação está integrada num projecto de intervenção e desenvolvimento
organizacional a decorrer na entidade pública empresarial, Opart.
O Opart resulta da fusão de duas entidades distintas, a CNB - Companhia Nacional de
Bailado e o TNSC - Teatro Nacional de São Carlos, com o objectivo de ganhos de
estrutura, partilhando recursos, nomeadamente as actividades de suporte, garantido a
autonomia artística de ambas as entidades. Como o Opart foi criado por força da Lei, há
aspectos quase imperceptíveis, como o choque de diferentes culturas, que poderão
dificultar a eficiência e eficácia organizacional.
A metodologia aplicada é a Investigação Acção e a Técnica de Observação Directa
suportada por um Diário de Investigação, no sentido de registar as convicções e
sensibilidades dos colaboradores em contexto real da acção.
Esta pesquisa pretende estudar as dinâmicas das relações laborais no Opart, sobretudo
adoptar modos de flexibilidade e adaptabilidade, com vista a agilizar o desenvolvimento
de novos negócios sustentáveis, já que o Estado prevê diminuir gradualmente o
financiamento proveniente do orçamento geral do estado.This research is part of a project intervention and organizational development taking place in public entity business, Opart. The Opart fusion of two separate entities, the CNB – Companhia Nacional de Bailado and TNSC - Teatro Nacional de São Carlos, to gain structure, sharing resources, including support activities, guaranteeing the autonomy of both artistic entities. As Opart was created under the Act, there are aspects of almost imperceptible, as the clash of different cultures, which could hinder the efficiency and organizational effectiveness. The methodology used is action research and direct observation techniques supported by a Research Diary, to record the beliefs and sensitivities of the employees in the real world of action. This research aims to study the dynamics of labor relations in Opart mainly adopt modes of flexibility and adaptability in order to expedite the development new sustainable business, since the State provides for gradually reducing the state funds.
Books on the topic "Negotiation of flexibility"
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Stubb, Alexander. Negotiating Flexibility in the European Union. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403907615.
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Negotiating flexibility in the European Union: Amsterdam, Nice and beyond. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave, 2002.
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Affairs, United States Congress Senate Committee on Governmental. Regulatory reform initiatives: Hearings before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, second session, regulation through negotiation, the Negotiated Rulemaking Act, May 13, 1988; regulatory reform, federalism and the Regulatory Flexibility Act, September 14, 1988; structure and performance of the regulatory regime, October 3, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.
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1939-, Druckman Daniel, Mitchell C. R. 1934-, and American Academy of Political and Social Science, eds. Flexibility in international negotiation and mediation. Thousand Oaks [Calif.]: Sage Periodicals Press, 1995.
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Reynolds, Natalie. We Have a Deal: How to Negotiate with Intelligence, Flexibility and Power. Icon Books, Limited, 2016.
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(Editor), Daniel Druckman, and Christopher Mitchell (Editor), eds. Flexibility in International Negotiation and Mediation (Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science). Sage Publications, 1995.
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(Editor), Daniel Druckman, and Christopher Mitchell (Editor), eds. Flexibility in International Negotiation and Mediation (Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (Paper), Vol 542). Sage Publications, 1995.
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Stubb, Alexander. Negotiating Flexibility in the European Union: Amsterdam, Nice and Beyond. Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
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Cowhey, Peter F., and Jonathan D. Aronson. Digital DNA. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190657932.001.0001.
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Digital DNA identifies how the disruption of digital information and production technologies transforms how companies and national economies are innovating. Wisely guiding this transformation is an enormous challenge because innovation promotes global economic prosperity. Economic tensions and market surprises are inevitable. Part I reviews the challenges we face and argues that national and international policies require experimentation and flexibility to address them. The case studies in Part III probe issues tied to the rise of cloud computing and transborder data flows, international collaboration to reduce cybersecurity risks, and the consequences of different national standards of digital privacy protection. Significant diversity in individual national policies is inevitable, but an international baseline of policy fundamentals to facilitate “quasi-convergence” of national policies is needed. Moreover, expert multistakeholder organizations that facilitate the implementation of formal government policies hold promise but should operate across national boundaries because the implications of digital technologies are global. Parts II and IV propose a strategy for using international regulatory and trade agreements to revamp the international governance regime for digital technologies. Better measures to safeguard digital privacy and cybersecurity can improve both market access and the welfare of users. A “Digital Economy Agreement” that embraces “soft rules” requiring governments to achieve certain objectives without specifying how, can achieve sufficient quasi-convergence of national policies for innovation to flourish. The political legitimacy and flexibility of international governance regimes likely will be better if multistakeholder organizations are involved in their negotiation.
Book chapters on the topic "Negotiation of flexibility"
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Stubb, Alexander. "The Nature of IGC Negotiations." In Negotiating Flexibility in the European Union, 11–29. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403907615_2.
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Stubb, Alexander. "Negotiating the Amsterdam Treaty." In Negotiating Flexibility in the European Union, 58–105. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403907615_4.
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Stubb, Alexander. "Negotiating the Nice Treaty." In Negotiating Flexibility in the European Union, 106–22. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403907615_5.
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Stubb, Alexander. "Assessing the Flexibility Clauses." In Negotiating Flexibility in the European Union, 123–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403907615_6.
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Herrigel, Gary. "8. The Limits of German Manufacturing Flexibility." In Negotiating the New Germany, edited by Lowell Turner, 177–206. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501744891-011.
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Stubb, Alexander. "Definitions, Categories and Examples." In Negotiating Flexibility in the European Union, 30–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403907615_3.
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Stubb, Alexander. "Conclusion." In Negotiating Flexibility in the European Union, 144–68. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403907615_7.
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Stubb, Alexander. "Introduction." In Negotiating Flexibility in the European Union, 1–10. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403907615_1.
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Moncayo von Hase, Andrés. "The Flexibility of TRIPS and Its Possible Erosion in Bilateral, Multilateral, and Regional Negotiations." In Knowledge Generation and Protection, 59–83. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1264-0_3.
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Bartova, Alzbeta, and Renske Keizer. "How Well Do European Child-Related Leave Policies Support the Caring Role of Fathers?" In The Palgrave Handbook of Family Policy, 369–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54618-2_15.
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AbstractOur chapter analyses the extent to which European countries (1) recognize the caring responsibilities of fathers toward their children and (2) value fathers’ caring role. To do so, we analyze the designs of individual leave policies and reflect on them by assessing available data on leave uptake by fathers in 13 European countries. Our results show that there is great variation in child-related leave designs across Europe. Our findings, in line with previous work, underscore the importance of generous individual non-transferable leave entitlements. Moreover, our findings bring forward aspects of leave designs that are rarely discussed when considering fathers’ leave uptake. Our results indicate that generous non-transferable leave rights should be paired with (a) clearly defined leave periods for fathers, (b) individual entitlement to benefits, and (c) greater scope for flexibility to increase the attractiveness of child-related leave and to strengthen fathers’ position when negotiating their childcare leave.
Conference papers on the topic "Negotiation of flexibility"
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Lei, Licai, Jing Zhou, and Min Li. "Study on interactive multiple attribute negotiation mechanism for large-scale construction based on flexibility theory." In 2011 International Conference on Management Science and Industrial Engineering (MSIE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msie.2011.5707450.
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Guo, Jiajie, Yang Xie, and Kok-Meng Lee. "Three-Dimensional Large Deformation of a Compliant Beam Designed for a Flexonic Mobile Node." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-6039.
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This paper presents design and analysis of a flexonic mobile node (FMN) for structural health monitoring. Unlike rigid configurations with a fixed distance between the front and rear axles, this FMN features various deformable configurations in three-dimensional (3D) space by incorporating a compliant beam (connecting the front and rear axles with a controlled pin joint). Hence, this FMN has more flexibility to negotiate corners and attach sensors on ferromagnetic structures. These functions are facilitated by the guidance of an embedded vision controlled system. Controlling a continuous compliant beam is a challenging task in terms of nonlinear deformation with infinite degrees of kinematic redundancy. Detailed discussion focuses on a theoretical beam model for simulating its 3D deformed shape. Results include the relations between input/output displacements and rotation angle for control implementation in sensor attachment and corner negotiation. Experiment is provided for model validation by comparing with the analysis for sensor attachment.
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Cheeseman, Mark J., Douglas K. Smith, and Graham B. Hesketh. "Understanding the Aftermarket: Applying Agent-Based Modelling to Service Infrastructure Design." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90465.
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In order to compete in challenging global markets, Rolls-Royce must have the capability to manage complex processes effectively. As the environment surrounding these processes is constantly changing, the ability to adapt to meet new requirements is essential. The challenge to the business is to quickly adopt an appropriate course of action for each set of circumstances, anticipated or otherwise. An individual decision-maker faced with this situation will normally have several options available. The difficulty is assessing the ramifications of each within a given time frame. To improve the quality of this evaluation, computerized decision support tools can be used. Such tools offer the ability to assess a multitude of options in a short space of time, using a combination of expert knowledge and real data. Having developed an extensive aero-engine service business, Rolls-Royce is required to maintain a highly dependable aftermarket infrastructure. Therefore, the ability to compare how any one particular aftermarket design would perform relative to another is an essential capability. Agent-based systems offer an approach that is both intuitive and interactive, modelling individual entities in the system from the bottom up, capturing low-level interactions that ultimately determine the overall performance of the system. This provides the flexibility and transparency to allow trustworthy analysis and evaluation to take place. To address this business need, an agent-based aftermarket model has been developed. An agent-based system is made up of small software programs built to operate just like a human team. Each agent has a set of capabilities and knowledge, but must work with other agents to achieve the overall goal. Agents can react to changes, adapting and re-planning if a better approach is identified. This paper describes how the model was constructed and the resulting analysis that it facilitates. The model has the ability to replicate the likely service characteristics that would be in place during the full lifecycle of the product. All aspects of the necessary infrastructure are captured, based upon the roles and capabilities of the constituent elements. Agents are used to represent a variety of objects and functions, including airports, airlines, aircraft, overhaul facilities and logistics. Through planning and negotiation, representative decisions are made by these agents to determine when an overhaul should take place and what the workscope should be based upon defined policies. A large selection of configurable parameters can be set by the user to accurately reflect the proposed scenario, providing a powerful what-if analysis tool that can be used to drive the design process, ensuring that product attributes and performance are aligned with the available maintenance infrastructure.
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Karaan, Anna Katrina. "Negotiating spaces of exception." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/aund2912.
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Urban enclaves have come to define the growth of many contemporary cities, subdividing society spatially into homogenous groupings. In the global south, this has been translated even more distinctly due to the excessive disparity among social classes. With their predisposition towards exclusion, urban enclaves are often portrayed as particular sites of unsustainability. However, a specific version of these enclaves, the Planned Unit Development (PUD) and its current manifestation of high-density mixed-use townships, has been championed as a concept that inculcates more sustainable practices due to its innate flexibility. Utilizing a localized actor-centric approach, this study uncovers how PUDs in Metro Manila are negotiated as spaces of exception. The study uses a representative case study of one of the pioneering PUDs in Metro Manila, Eastwood City, and applies a qualitative methodology to explore how relations of state-space-society creates and continuously shapes these spaces. Eastwood City is uncovered to be a legitimized space of exception, where dominant narratives have prioritized private over public interests, but crossed into the realm of acceptability due to its claims of sustainability, particularly of the "live-work-play" lifestyle. However, this study also reveals how the narratives of the dispossessed are exhibited in the margins and how this is continuously (re)shaping the development. These point towards the possibility of alternative futures for PUDs by shifting the power to negotiate to all stakeholders, not only in the creation but also throughout the lifespan of the project, which can then lead to more inclusiveness and equality in the process. By operationalizing the PUD concept, urban enclaves can cease to be purveyors of singular interests but become dynamic spaces of exception that are constantly negotiated by their actors.
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Brickner, Robert H. "Behind the Scenes: Historic Agreement to Develop U.S. Virgin Islands’ First Alternative Energy Facilities." In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3516.
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In the summer of 2009, Governor John P. DeJongh, Jr. announced that the Virgin Islands Water and Power Authority (WAPA) had just signed two 20-year Power Purchase Agreements, and the Virgin Islands Waste Management Authority (VIWMA) had signed two 20-year Solid Waste Management Services Agreements with affiliates of Denver-based Alpine Energy Group, LLC (AEG) to build, own, and operate two alternative energy facilities that will serve the residents of St. Croix, St. John, and St. Thomas. The alternative energy facilities, to be built on St. Croix and St. Thomas, have a projected cost of $440 million and will convert an estimated 146,000 tons per year of municipal solid waste into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) using WastAway Services® technology, which will be combined with petroleum coke as fuel in fluidized bed combustion facilities to generate steam and electric power. These sustainable projects will provide 33 MW of electric power to St. Thomas and St. John and 16 MW of electric power to St. Croix, and will help to provide long-term cost stability for electric power and solid waste management in the Territory. Construction is expected to start in spring 2010 with an anticipated completion date during the fourth quarter of 2012. This procurement is a significant achievement for the U.S. Virgin Islands. When the projects are fully implemented, they will allow the Territory to reduce its dependence on oil, recover the energy value and certain recyclable materials from its municipal solid waste, and divert this waste from landfill. Since VIWMA has the responsibility to collect and/or dispose of solid waste year-round, having a system incorporating multiple solid waste processing lines and an adequate supply of spare parts on hand at all times is crucial to meeting the daily demands of waste receiving and processing, and RDF production. Also, with the location of the US Virgin Islands in a hurricane zone, and with only one or two combustion units available in each Project, the ability to both stockpile waste pre-RDF processing and store the produced RDF is very important. Gershman, Brickner & Bratton, Inc. (GBB)’s work has included a due diligence review of the Projects and providing professional support in VIWMA’s negotiations with AEG. GBB’s initial primary assignment centered on reviewing the design and operations of the RDF processing systems that will be built and operated under the respective Service Contracts. VIWMA needed to undertake a detailed technical review of the proposed RDF processing system, since this was the integration point of the waste collection system and waste processing/disposal services. GBB, in association with Maguire, was requested to provide this review and present the findings and opinions to VIWMA. In the completion of this effort, which included both a technical review and participation in negotiations to advance the Service Contracts for the Projects, GBB made direct contact with the key equipment suppliers for the Projects proposed by AEG. This included Bouldin Corporation, the primary RDF processing system supplier, with its patented WastAway technology, and Energy Products of Idaho, the main thermal processing equipment supplier, with its fluidized bed combustion technology and air pollution control equipment. Additionally, since the combustion systems for both Projects will generate an ash product that will require marketing for use and/or disposal over the term of the Service Contracts, GBB made contact with LA Ash, one of the potential subcontractors identified by AEG for these ash management services. Due to the nature of the contract guarantees of VIWMA to provide 73,000 tons per year of Acceptable Waste to each Project for processing, VIWMA authorized GBB to perform a current waste stream characterization study. Part of this effort included waste sorts for one week each in February 2009 on St. Croix and March 2009 on St. Thomas, with the results shared with VIWMA and AEG, as compiled. The 2009 GBB waste stream characterization study incorporated historical monthly waste weigh data from both the Bovoni and Anguilla Landfills that were received from VIWMA staff. The study has formed a basis for continuing to augment the waste quantity information from the two landfills with the additional current monthly results compiled by VIWMA staff going forward following the waste sorts. The final GBB report was published in December 2009 and includes actual USVI landfill receipt data through August 31, 2009. The information contained in this document provides the underpinnings to allow for better tracking and analysis of daily, weekly and monthly waste quantities received for recycling, processing and disposal, which are important to the overall waste processing system operations, guarantees and cost projections. GBB’s annual projections are that the total waste on St. Croix is currently over 104,000 tons per year and over 76,000 tons per year on St. Thomas. The thermal processing technology selected for both Projects is a fluidized bed process, employing a heated bed of sand material “fluidized” in a column of air to burn the fuel — RDF and/or Pet Coke. As such, the solid waste to be used in these combustion units must be size-reduced from the myriad of sizes of waste set out at the curb or discharged into the large roll-off boxes or bins at the many drop-off sites in the US Virgin Islands. While traditional RDF would typically have several days of storage life, the characteristics of the pelletized RDF should allow several weeks of storage. This will be important to having a sound and realistic operating plan, given the unique circumstances associated with the climate, waste moisture content, island location, lack of back-up disposal options and downtime associated with the Power Generation Facility. During the negotiations between AEG and VIWMA, in which GBB staff participated, in addition to RDF and pelletized RDF as the waste fuel sources, other potential fuels have been discussed for use in the Projects and are included as “Opportunity Fuels” in the Service Contracts. These Opportunity Fuels include ground woody waste, dried sludges, and shredded tires, for example. Therefore, the flexibility of the EPI fluidized bed combustion boilers to handle multi-fuels is viewed as an asset over the long term, especially for an island location where disposal options are limited and shipping materials onto and off of each island is expensive. This presentation will provide a unique behind-the-scenes review of the process that led to this historic agreement, from the due diligence of the proposed technologies, to implementation planning, to the negotiations with the contractor. Also discussed will be the waste characterization and quantity analysis performed in 2009 and the fast-track procurement planning and procurement of construction and operating services for a new transfer station to be sited on St. Croix.
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Stewart, Rick, Jim Crawford, Tom Harper, and Larry Kirspel. "CoilTAC® Coil Thrust and Carry." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0158.
Full textAbstract:
In producing offshore oil and gas fields there is a need for maintaining flow assurance in the associated pipelines. Restricted and plugged pipelines result in loss of production which is loss of revenue. It is common for these pipelines to exceed the length that can be reached by conventional coiled tubing when cleaning obstructions becomes necessary. Paraffin, asphaltine’s, hydrates and sand are a few of the contaminants that can obstruct flow and cause plugging. Historically, pipeline intervention has been limited to conventional coiled tubing with a reach of only +/−5,000’. A typical maintenance practice involved “pigging” the pipeline with a poly foam pig to remove any obstruction. Under severe conditions multiple pigs with graduated ODs were used. The problem with the poly foam pig is that the flexibility allows it to be forced through a smaller ID, leaving the restriction in place. CoilTAC® (Coil Thrust and Carry), developed by Superior Energy Services, was designed specifically to extend the reach of conventional coiled tubing for pipeline intervention while negotiating a minimum 5D bend. The Thruster was designed for line sizes with internal diameters from 2.900” up. This Thruster system eliminates the compression force on the coiled tubing and has been proven to 14,800’, and it has the ability to exceed 50,000’. The Thruster utilizes a “mechanical intelligence” which is present into the thruster with takes into consideration applied force parameters prior to the cleanout procedure. The key factors are: working pressure of the pipeline, length of the pipeline and the length and size of the coiled tubing to be carried by the thruster. The forward motion of the thruster is initiated by annular pressure applied between the coiled tubing and the inside diameter of the pipeline. The pressure energizes the cups and moves the thruster forward. At a preset pressure, a check value opens inside the thruster allowing fluid to pass to the front of the tool and exit through a series of ports. This causes a washing/jetting action in front of the thruster as it moves down the pipeline. The debris that is removed from the pipeline is returned through the center of the thruster. Retrieving the thruster is accomplished by pumping down the center of the coiled tubing which applies pressure to the front of the tool to reverse the Thruster out of the pipeline. The returns during reverse thrusting are then taken on the coiled tubing/pipeline annulus. Pump pressure moves the thruster in and out of the pipeline not the coiled tubing injector, thus eliminating the helical buckling forces and extending the reach of the coiled tubing. Historically, paraffin-laden pipelines had to be abandoned and new lines laid at great expense to the operator — it was difficult to abandon subsea pipelines without complete removal. Now there is an option with the CoilTAC® system.