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Journal articles on the topic 'Neighbourhood design'
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McCormack, Gavin R., Christine Friedenreich, Lindsay McLaren, Melissa Potestio, Beverly Sandalack, and Ilona Csizmadi. "Interactions between Neighbourhood Urban Form and Socioeconomic Status and Their Associations with Anthropometric Measurements in Canadian Adults." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5042614.
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Neighbourhood-level socioeconomic composition and built context are correlates of weight-related behaviours. We investigated the relations between objective measures of neighbourhood design and socioeconomic status (SES) and their interaction, in relation to self-reported waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio, and body mass index (BMI) in a sample of Canadian adults (n=851from 12 Calgary neighbourhoods). WC and BMI were higher among residents of disadvantaged neighbourhoods, independent of neighbourhood design (grid, warped grid, and curvilinear street patterns) and individual-level characteristics (sex, age, education, income, dog ownership, marital status, number of dependents, motor vehicle access, smoking, sleep, mental health, physical health, and past attempts to modify bodyweight). The association between neighbourhood-level SES and WC was modified by neighbourhood design; WC was higher in disadvantaged-curvilinear neighbourhoods and lower in advantaged-grid neighbourhoods. Policies making less obesogenic neighbourhoods affordable to low socioeconomic households and that improve the supportiveness for behaviours leading to healthy weight in low socioeconomic neighbourhoods are necessary.
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Zegras, Christopher, Jae Seung Lee, and Eran Ben-Joseph. "By Community or Design? Age-restricted Neighbourhoods, Physical Design and Baby Boomers’ Local Travel Behaviour in Suburban Boston, US." Urban Studies 49, no. 10 (January 5, 2012): 2169–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098011429485.
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This article analyses the travel behaviour, residential choices and related preferences of 55+ baby boomers in suburban Boston, USA, looking specifically at age-restricted neighbourhoods. For this highly auto-dependent group, do neighbourhood-related characteristics influence local-level recreational walk/bike and social activity trip-making? The analysis aims to discern community (for example, social network) versus physical (for example, street network) influences. Structural equation models, incorporating attitudes and residential choice, are used to control for self-selection and to account for direct and indirect effects among exogenous and endogenous variables. The analysis reveals modest neighbourhood effects. Living in age-restricted, as opposed to unrestricted, suburban neighbourhoods modestly increases the likelihood of residents being active (i.e. making at least one local recreational walk/bike trip) and the number of local social trips. Overall, the age-restricted community status has greater influence on recreational and social activity trip-making than the neighbourhood physical characteristics, although some community–neighbourhood interaction exists.
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Patricios, Nicholas N. "Urban design principles of the original neighbourhood concepts." Urban Morphology 6, no. 1 (December 3, 2001): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51347/jum.v6i1.3900.
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The neighbourhood concept is arguably one of the major planning landmarks that shaped the urban form of the twentieth-century city in many countries. Coincidently, both the neighbourhood idea of Clarence Stein and Henry Wright, exemplified in their plan for Radburn, and the neighbourhood unit idea of Clarence Perry were published in 1929. The urban design principles of Stein and Wright included the idea of a superblock of residential units grouped around a central green, the separation of vehicles and pedestrians, and a road hierarchy with culs-de-sac for local access roads. A cluster of superblocks was to form a self-contained neighbourhood. A group of neighbourhoods would then comprise the city. For Perry the physical arrangement of the elementary school, small parks and playgrounds, and local shops was the basis of his neighbourhood idea. Each neighbourhood was to be a `unit' of the city. Briefly outlined are the deviations from the original ideas made subsequently by numerous architects, planners, developers, and bureaucrats. This article re-examines the intentions of Stein and Wright and Perry and the sources of their ideas to recover the principles of the original concepts that have become obscured over the decades.
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van Minde, Minke R. C., Marlou L. A. de Kroon, Meertien K. Sijpkens, Hein Raat, Eric A. P. Steegers, and Loes C. M. Bertens. "Associations between Socio-Economic Status and Unfavorable Social Indicators of Child Wellbeing; a Neighbourhood Level Data Design." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (December 1, 2021): 12661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312661.
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Background: Living in deprivation is related to ill health. Differences in health outcomes between neighbourhoods may be attributed to neighbourhood socio-economic status (SES). Additional to differences in health, neighbourhood differences in child wellbeing could also be attributed to neighbourhood SES. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between neighbourhood deprivation, and social indicators of child wellbeing. Methods: Aggregated data from 3565 neighbourhoods in 390 municipalities in the Netherlands were eligible for analysis. Neighbourhood SES scores and neighbourhood data on social indicators of child wellbeing were used to perform repeated measurements, with one year measurement intervals, over a period of 11 years. Linear mixed models were used to estimate the associations between SES score and the proportion of unfavorable social indicators of child wellbeing. Results: After adjustment for year, population size, and clustering within neighbourhoods and within a municipality, neighbourhood SES was inversely associated with the proportion of ‘children living in families on welfare’ (estimates with two cubic splines: −3.59 [CI: −3.99; −3.19], and −3.00 [CI: −3.33; −2.67]), ‘delinquent youth’ (estimate −0.26 [CI: −0.30; −0.23]) and ‘unemployed youth’ (estimates with four cubic splines: −0.41 [CI: −0.57; −0.25], −0.58 [CI: −0.73; −0.43], −1.35 [−1.70; −1.01], and −0.96 [1.24; −0.70]). Conclusions: In this study using repeated measurements, a lower neighbourhood SES was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of unfavorable social indicators of child wellbeing. This contributes to the body of evidence that neighbourhood SES is strongly related to child health and a child’s ability to reach its full potential in later life. Future studies should consist of larger longitudinal datasets, potentially across countries, and should attempt to take the interpersonal variation into account with more individual-level data on SES and outcomes.
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Eshruq Labin, Ahlam, Saqer Sqour, Abdelmajeed Rjoub, Rami Al Shawabkeh, and Safa Al Husban. "Sustainable Neighbourhood Evaluation Criteria -Design and Urban Values (Case study: Neighbourhoods from Al-Mafraq, Jordan)." Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 31, no. 2 (October 26, 2022): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.31.2.30953.
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A sustainable neighbourhood is critical in preserving the environment for future generations, as various societies are suffering from increasing reliance on vehicles and low social interaction. This study aims to compare two neighbourhoods in terms of implementing the sustainable neighbourhood criteria. This study is based on eight sustainable neighbourhood evaluation criteria related to design and urban values are: regional issues, compacted form, mixed land-use, connectivity, pedestrian-oriented building, public sphere of the neighbourhood, relationship with transit, and walkability. University District and Jordan Villa Compound newly developed residential neighbourhoods located in Al-Mafraq city in Jordan were chosen as a case study to evaluate the sustainable neighbourhood criteria. The primary and secondary data were obtained from various resources, including; previous studies that related to the topic, site surveys and personal interviews. The results show that The University District is more sustainable and walkable than the Jordan villa compound; due to several reasons as the grid pattern of planning and the high population density. The importance of this study comes from implementing the sustainable neighbourhood evaluation criteria to develop communities to become more sustainable and walkable.
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Goldstein, Rise B., Awapuhi K. Lee, Denise L. Haynie, Jeremy W. Luk, Brian J. Fairman, Danping Liu, Jacob S. Jeffers, Bruce G. Simons-Morton, and Stephen E. Gilman. "Neighbourhood disadvantage and depressive symptoms among adolescents followed into emerging adulthood." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 73, no. 7 (March 30, 2019): 590–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-212004.
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BackgroundResidents of disadvantaged neighbourhoods report higher levels of depressive symptoms; however, few studies have employed prospective designs during adolescence, when depression tends to emerge. We examined associations of neighbourhood social fragmentation, income inequality and median household income with depressive symptoms in a nationally representative survey of adolescents.MethodsThe NEXT Generation Health Study enrolled 10th-grade students from 81 US high schools in the 2009–2010 school year. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Modified Depression Scale (wave 1) and the paediatric Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (waves 2–6). Neighbourhood characteristics at waves 1, 3, 4, and 5 were measured at the census tract level using geolinked data from the American Community Survey 5-year estimates. We used linear mixed models to relate neighbourhood disadvantage to depressive symptoms controlling for neighbourhood and individual sociodemographic factors.ResultsNone of the models demonstrated evidence for associations of social fragmentation, income inequality or median household income with depressive symptoms.ConclusionDespite the prospective design, repeated measures and nationally representative sample, we detected no association between neighbourhood disadvantage and depressive symptoms. This association may not exist or may be too small to detect in a geographically dispersed sample. Given the public health significance of neighbourhood effects, future research should examine the developmental timing of neighbourhood effects across a wider range of ages than in the current sample, consider both objective and subjective measures of neighbourhood conditions, and use spatially informative techniques that account for conditions of nearby neighbourhoods.
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AlWaer, Husam, Joshua Speedie, and Ian Cooper. "Unhealthy Neighbourhood “Syndrome”: A Useful Label for Analysing and Providing Advice on Urban Design Decision-Making?" Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 1, 2021): 6232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116232.
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Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, there was growing interest in designing healthier neighbourhoods. Adopting this perspective brings attention to how conditions in neighbourhoods (directly and indirectly) affect their inhabitants’ physical health and mental wellbeing. However, considerably less attention has been paid to how to alleviate such conditions through integrated interventions designed to operate specifically at the neighbourhood scale. To address this gap, this paper introduces the term “unhealthy neighbourhood syndrome” (UNS). The conceptual clarity and practical utility offered by using this term are critically examined. The paper contains a rigorous review and critical analysis of academic and grey literature on what are held to be the relationships between key features of the built environment and people’s health and wellbeing. It also examines literature offering advice on how urban designers should make neighbourhoods healthier. It illustrates the complexity of the range of issues involved and the complicated web of top down, bottom up and middling out actors that need to be involved in making decisions about them. Despite having inherent weaknesses, the term “unhealthy neighbourhood syndrome” is judged to be useful. It illustrates how seemingly separate issues operate in urban design, promoted for tackling specific symptoms of ill health, need to be addressed jointly through an integrated programme of parallel work streams operating at the neighbourhood scale. The paper is innovative in identifying the wide cluster of symptoms used to describe unhealthy neighbourhoods in the literature as being a “syndrome”. Its significance lies in its injunction that this syndrome needs to be tackled through integrated streams of remedial action drawing on experience and expertise that lie beyond those offered by the traditional membership of urban design teams.
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Van Dijk, Hanna M., Jane M. Cramm, and Anna P. Nieboer. "Social cohesion as perceived by community-dwelling older people: the role of individual and neighbourhood characteristics." International Journal of Ageing and Later Life 8, no. 2 (January 23, 2014): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.13210.
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Social cohesion in neighbourhoods is critical to supporting the rising number of community-dwelling older people. Our aim was thus to identify individual and neighbourhood characteristics influencing social cohesion among older people. We employed a cross-sectional study of 945 (66% response rate) community-dwelling older residents (70+ ) in Rotterdam. To account for the hierarchical structure of the study design, we fitted a hierarchical random-effects model comprising 804 older people (level 1) nested in 72 neighbourhoods (level 2). Multilevel analyses showed that both individual (age, ethnic background, years of residence, income and self-rated health) and neighbourhood characteristics (neighbourhood security) affect social cohesion among community-dwelling older people. Results suggest that policy makers should consider such factors in promoting social cohesion among community-dwelling older people. Policies aimed at improving neighbourhood security may lead to higher levels of social cohesion.
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Karacor, Elif Kutay, and Gozde Parlar. "Conceptual Model of the Relationship Between Neighbourhood Attachment, Collective Efficacy and Open Space Quality." Open House International 42, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2017-b0010.
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The decline in neighbourhoods resulting from globalization and technology, which trigger high rise buildings, has been discussed by several disciplines. Changes in life styles destroy not only traditional neighbourhoods but also open spaces. This situation leads to a decrease in both collective efficacy and neighbourhood attachment. Place attachment would play an important role in overcoming fear of crime and low security perception, which are the most substantial social problems of today's cities. Therefore, it is important that urban designers, architects and landscape architects develop design policies that contribute to place attachment. The aim of this study is to develop models that explain neighbourhood attachment by collective efficacy, open space quality and socio-demographic variables. Kuzguncuk neighbourhood was chosen as a study area because of its unique character, socio-cultural diversity and the collective power that is due to the various social groups in the neighbourhood. This study seeks to answer the following question: Do open space quality, collective efficacy and socio-demographic factors predict neighbourhood attachment? We examined whether attachment to a neighborhood is associated with collective power and perception of open space quality by inhabitants. Therefore, neighbourhood attachment and its predictors were studied in this specific neighbour-hood. Face to face interviews were conducted with 313 inhabitants using a stratified sampling method. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical linear modelling analyses were used to predict neighbourhood attachment. We found that collective efficacy, open space quality, place of birth and length of residence were predictors of neighbourhood attachment. Therefore, to prevent social problems, such as fear of crime, low security perception, loneliness and segregation, policy makers, designers, planners and social scientists should focus on neighbourhoods that have small communities. In conclusion, the quality perception of open spaces should be considered to increase neighbourhood attachment, and inhabitants should be encouraged to use public spaces in which social ties can develop.
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Carroll, Suzanne J., Michael J. Dale, and Gavin Turrell. "Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and body size in Australia’s capital cities: The contribution of obesogenic environments." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 20, 2023): e0280223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280223.
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Residents of socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods have higher rates of overweight and obesity and chronic disease than their counterparts from advantaged neighbourhoods. This study assessed whether associations between neighbourhood disadvantage and measured body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, are accounted for by obesogenic environments (i.e., residential distance to the Central Business District [CBD], supermarket availability, access to walkable destinations). The study used 2017–18 National Health Survey data for working-aged adults (aged ≥18 years, n = 9,367) residing in 3,454 neighbourhoods across Australia’s state and territory capital cities. In five of eight cities (i.e., Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, and Perth) residents of disadvantaged neighbourhoods had significantly higher BMI and a larger waist circumference than residents of more advantaged areas. There was no association between neighbourhood disadvantage and body size in Hobart, Darwin, and Canberra. Associations between neighbourhood disadvantage and body size were partially explained by neighbourhood differences in distance to the CBD but not supermarket availability or walkable amenities. The results of this study point to the role of urban design and city planning as mechanisms for addressing social and economic inequities in Australia’s capital cities, and as solutions to this country’s overweight and obesity epidemic and associated rising rates of chronic disease.
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Hosler, Akiko S., and Jamie R. Kammer. "Trends of fruit and vegetable availability in neighbourhoods in Albany, NY, USA, 2003–2012." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 3 (March 31, 2014): 562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014000391.
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AbstractObjectiveTo investigate a 9-year trend of fresh fruit and vegetable availability and factors associated with the net availability change in two contrasting neighbourhoods.DesignLongitudinal design. Data were collected in 2003, 2009 and 2012 through in-store observations. Fresh fruit and vegetable availability was presented by weight-adjusted counts of stores having designated varieties per 10 000 population.SettingA low-income minority neighbourhood and an adjacent middle-income racially mixed neighbourhood in Albany, NY, USA. These neighbourhoods became sites of fresh produce interventions after baseline data were collected.SubjectsA total of 111, 128 and 146 eligible food stores in respective years.ResultsFresh fruit availability (two or more varieties) increased in both neighbourhoods. Inventory expansion of existing stores and the convenience store intervention contributed to the significant increase (P for trend=0·04) of fresh fruit availability in the minority neighbourhood. Although not statistically significant (P>0·05), the availability of two or more dark-coloured fresh vegetables also increased in the mixed neighbourhood, but declined slightly in the minority neighbourhood. The secular (non-intervention) fresh vegetable availability rate ratio by neighbourhood reached 3·0 in 2012 (P<0·01). The net decline of fresh vegetable availability in the minority neighbourhood was primarily attributed to inventory reduction of existing stores.ConclusionsLongitudinal observations revealed narrowed neighbourhood disparities of fresh fruit availability and widened gaps of fresh vegetable availability. Inventory shifts of existing stores impacted the net availability change more profoundly than store opening or closing in the minority neighbourhood. Findings support increasing the programme capacity of the convenience store intervention to address the fresh vegetable disparity.
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Song, Yan, and Roberto G. Quercia. "How are neighbourhood design features valued across different neighbourhood types?" Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 23, no. 4 (August 28, 2008): 297–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10901-008-9122-0.
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Lee, Chanam, and Anne Vernez Moudon. "Neighbourhood design and physical activity." Building Research & Information 36, no. 5 (October 2008): 395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613210802045547.
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Othman, Sumaia Ibrahim, and Noor Aimran Samsudin. "THE EFFECT OF RESIDENTIAL LAYOUT DESIGN ON NEIGHBOURHOOD RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN JOHOR BAHRU." Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management 6, no. 26 (December 1, 2021): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jthem.626020.
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In Malaysia, typically, the grid system of terrace houses layout has been dominated by landed housing in the property market for many years. The grid system of residential layout may offer more units to be built up by the developers. This situation may lead to fewer open spaces, playgrounds, and other recreational facilities in a strategic location within the neighbourhood schemes. Adopting some residential layout patterns may influence activities, frequency, interest, time, place, and route while doing their recreational activities. A study related to residential layout mainly focuses on building orientation, building design, privacy, safety, traffic calming, and social relation; however, a limited number of studies examine the effect of neighbourhood design on dwellers’ recreational activities routine and pattern. This paper aims to assess the relationship between residential layout design and its impact on dwellers’ recreational activities in well-planned landed neighbourhood schemes. Using observation, two (2) different residential layouts in Johor Bahru were selected as the study area, namely Taman Mutiara Rini (Presint Bakti), for the grid housing schemes and Taman Nong Chik Height for the innovative honeycomb layout. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings in this paper proposed recreational activities in the residential layout may be influenced by several design factors. The design of neighbourhood and outdoor open spaces, for example, played an essential role in residents’ evaluation of the various recreational activities. This study concludes that residential neighbourhoods design, including buildings and the neighbouring environment, significantly impacts people's ability to participate in neighbourhood recreational activities. Based on this research’s findings, residential layouts’ design in both study areas influenced local dwellers’ recreational activities types behaviour and preferred route through outdoor space arrangement.
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Kumar, Harish, Manoj Kumar Singh, M. P. Gupta, and Jitendra Madaan. "Smart neighbourhood." Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 9, no. 2 (July 2, 2018): 210–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstpm-04-2017-0009.
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Purpose This paper aims to identify the key factors to design efficient, healthy and potentially economical neighbourhood places in the surroundings of smart cities to reduce the urban polarization for the sustainable urban development. Design/methodology/approach A two-stage methodology is followed. First, the key factors for neighbourhood are identified from literature studies. The selected factors are validated by sample t-tests. Second, the total interpretive structural modeling is used to interpret the complexity of relationships among various factors. Further, cross-impact matrix multiplication is applied for classification analysis to find the most driving factors for neighbourhood design. Findings The contribution of this research is to show hierarchical relationships among the various factors to design the neighbourhood places as smart from the perspectives of city planners and decision makers. Research limitations/implications The applicability of the research findings is limited to developing countries mainly where population is large and most of cities have high pressure on its infrastructure to fulfil the citizens’ demands. Practical implications This paper will aid policymakers, city planners and government officials to design a sustainable smart city model in which smart neighbourhood would also be the potential solution to decrease pressure on a city’s critical infrastructure especially in developing countries. Social implications A smart city could be considered as the centre point of smart initiatives to develop a place smart, and it should continue beyond the city boundaries to enhance the facilities, services, resources utilization and working environment in neighbourhood places also. Originality/value The study explores the various literature on neighbourhood planning and then link with smart city development as current need of urban development scenario. The authors propose a hierarchical relation framework to develop the neighbourhood places as smart places to meet the future demand of urbanization in developing countries like India.
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Alshemerty, Masa Adil, and Naseer AbdulRazak Hasach Albasri. "Smart neighborhood as a sustainable neighborhood: a comparative study of Al-Ghadeer village (Najaf-Iraq)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1129, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1129/1/012019.
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Abstract The concept of neighbourhood planning has emerged as a new trend in our community and the emphasis has been of utmost importance on districts in cities as the basic independent units of metropolitans in a way similar to that of community formation. Improving neighbourhood structure can improve the standards of living through the introduction of a smart neighbourhood model, making it more suitable for being walked and enhancing the life quality of residents that leading to the upgrading of communal and territory sketch. This work focuses on the problems where neighbourhoods lack aspects that allow the use of technology and affect workable distance and social relations, which are the main pillars of liveability. The hypothesis was to evaluate the neighbourhoods constructed by Najaf Investment Commission, whether the standards for the neighbourhood were applied according to the standards of the United Nations Organization (UN-Habitat) using gap analysis, The study found a gap between the standards adopted in the planning and design of the studied residential complexes (Al Ghadeer Residential Complex) and the criteria and indicators for planning smart neighbourhood model, particularly in the effectiveness of traffic network and the occupied residential area which was greater than the commercial model and less than the specified standards.
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Ibrahim Bajunid, Anniz Fazli, Mohamed Yusoff Abbas, and Abdul Hadi Nawawi. "Social Cohesion of the Malaysian Cul-de-sac Neighborhoods: Brief critical review of concepts." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 3, no. 7 (March 15, 2018): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i7.267.
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The national mass housing policies are currently being scrutinised on affordability and quality of life. The consideration of a better neighbourhood design is currently only evident in curvilinear and organic planning designs of neighbourhoods such as the cul-de-sac. The objective of this paper is to identify concepts of the cul-de-sac neighbourhoods and the community’s social cohesion through a critical review of available literature within the framework settings of a Malaysian pluralistic neighbourhood. The paper is anticipated to lead to methodological assessment processes of the physical environment and neighbourhoods as well as expand existing contextual knowledge of the Malaysian cul-de-sac neighbourhoods.
Keywords: Cul-de-sac, social cohesion; neighbourhoods, Tessellation Planning, quality of life, Malaysia
eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Zakaria, Rozana, M. Vikneswaran, Mohd Ismid Mohd Said, Abd Latif Saleh, and Mustaffar Mushairry. "Sustainable Neighbourhood Planning and Design in Malaysian Perspective." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 1690–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.1690.
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Sustainable development becomes the significant tool of planning and design of building structures and infrastructures in this decade. The land use development for neighbourhood construction should be protected from being overused and devastated. Malaysia must starts to incorporate sustainable neighbourhood planning and design so that the future generation can be benefited from this type of development. However less focus is being paid to this type of development which needs attention to be given especially on small-scale green areas. The main concern of this paper is to address the practice of sustainable neighbourhood planning and design in Malaysia as it gives much impact to the living environment of a group of community. The issues pertaining Malaysian sustainable development planning and sustainable neighbourhood design were discussed in this paper. Results from the Malaysian Local Council Structure Plan review were discussed to highlight the sustainable neighbourhood importance. The result indicates that the sustainable neighbourhood planning and design in Malaysia needs to be improved over the current practices to create more environmental-friendly neighbourhood.
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Lukic, R., D. L. Olstad, P. K. Doyle-Baker, M. L. Potestio, and G. R. McCormack. "Associations between neighbourhood design, neighbourhood socioeconomic status and sleep in adults." Sleep Medicine 64 (December 2019): S233—S234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.653.
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Ling, Oliver Hoon Leh, Siti Nur Afiqah Mohamed Musthafa, Muhammad Solahuddin Hamzah, Marlyana Azyyati Marzukhi, and Nurul Ashikin Mabahwi. "Health and Physical Activity in Urban Neighbourhoods. Case Study: Shah Alam City, Selangor, Malaysia." Built Environment Journal 17, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/bej.v17i2.8438.
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Environmental health is referring to the health of people in relation to environmental quality. Due to rapid urbanisation, more people are living in urban neighbourhoods. Urban planning and design aspects including the neighbourhood environment are potentially affecting the human healthy lifestyle and health condition. Thus, the relationship between Malaysian neighbourhood environmental aspects and human health has become the concern of this research. One of the neighbourhood units in Shah Alam city had been chosen as the study area for this purpose. Questionnaire survey had been carried out to examine the health condition and physical activeness of residents. Besides, the perception of residents on the quality of neighbourhood environmental aspects also had been collected in the questionnaire survey. The health condition of residents was measured by non-communicable diseases (NCD) and the physical activeness was measured in duration as well as the frequency of physical exercise activities. The study found that the quality of neighbourhood environmental aspects significantly increased the physical activeness of respondents. The physical activeness was positively associated with human health as measured in NCD (heart diseases and high blood pressure, HBP). It shows that neighbourhood environmental (physical and social) aspects are potentially affecting the healthy life of people living in the neighbourhood.Keywords: Healthy life, Neighbourhood environment, Non-communicable diseases (NCD), Physical activeness, Quality.
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DE DONDER, LIESBETH, TINE BUFFEL, SARAH DURY, NICO DE WITTE, and DOMINIQUE VERTÉ. "Perceptual quality of neighbourhood design and feelings of unsafety." Ageing and Society 33, no. 6 (May 10, 2012): 917–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x12000207.
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ABSTRACTThis paper takes the quality of life in the neighbourhood as a starting point and appeals to the framework of Age-friendly Cities to gain insights in how ‘the neighbourhood as a physical surrounding’ can either promote or hinder feelings of unsafety in later life. It examines the impact of the perceived design of the neighbourhood on feelings of unsafety in later life. Literature on the relationship between feelings of unsafety and the neighbourhood mainly concentrates on incivilities and disorder. Other physical-spatial features of the neighbourhood are rarely taken into consideration. Using data generated from the Belgian Ageing Studies (N=25,980) multivariate analyses indicate that a neighbourhood which is perceived to be physically adapted to the needs of older people (in terms of accessibility and distance to services) heightens feelings of safety. The findings demonstrate the need to reduce behaviour constraints by redesigning fear-related physical features. This conclusion raises practical implications and formulates a number of policy recommendations to tackle feelings of unsafety in an ageing society.
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Hillier, Amy, Bing Han, Theodore S. Eisenman, Kelly R. Evenson, Thomas L. McKenzie, and Deborah A. Cohen. "Using Systematic Observations to Understand Conditions that Promote Interracial Experiences in Neighbourhood Parks." Urban Planning 1, no. 4 (December 9, 2016): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v1i4.756.
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We analysed observations from 31 neighbourhood parks, with each park mapped into smaller target areas for study, across five US cities generated using the System for Observing Play and Recreation in the Community (SOPARC). In areas where at least two people were observed, less than one-third (31.6%) were populated with at least one white and one non-white person. Park areas that were supervised, had one or more people engaged in vigorous activity, had at least one male and one female present, and had one or more teens present were significantly more likely to involve interracial groups (p < 0.01 for each association). Observations in parks located in interracial neighbourhoods were also more likely to involve interracial groups (p < 0.05). Neighbourhood poverty rate had a significant and negative relationship with the presence of interracial groups, particularly in neighbourhoods that are predominantly non-white. Additional research is needed to confirm the impact of these interactions. Urban planning and public health practitioners should consider the health benefits of interracial contact in the design and programming of neighbourhood parks.
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Rinchumphu, Damrongsak, Thidarat Kridakorn Na Ayutthaya, and Riduan Yunus. "Property Price Attributable to Subdivision Neighbourhood Designs: Hedonic Pricing Model Approach in Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 7, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v7.n3.513.
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The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the property price is caused by the subdivision neighbourhood designs in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), Thailand. A total price model is developed during the analysis process. The model provides a greater understanding of the significance of the subdivision neighbourhood designs that are related to property pricing. This paper is based on data collection from 50 subdivisions across the BMR area. The hedonic pricing approach is used to develop the models. The semi-log models are developed on 1,182 samples of property sales located in eight zones of the BMR. The independent variables include general bundles of property characteristics and the subdivision neighbourhood design items. There are two major findings in this study. First, this study provides a suitable property price model for subdivision development in the BMR. The model presents the high level of R2 at 0.948. The model confirms that all classical hedonic variables are statistically significant to the property price. Furthermore, the additional alternative variables for the subdivision neighbourhood design items can improve the level of variation explained by the model. Second, this study finds that the average property price attributable to the subdivision neighbourhood design is about 20.24 % of the total property price. The components of the subdivision neighbourhood design items consist of project characteristics, recreation features, social facilities, and transportation system design. The model should support knowledge of the design’s impact on the property price for the Government or policy makers on making appropriate policies for urban and environmental management. The model provides a guideline for developers on appropriate property selling-prices for subdivision development in the BMR. The new understanding of the property price attributable to the subdivision neighbourhood designs support suitable decision making on new subdivision development in the BMR
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Morales-Flores, Paloma, and Carlos Marmolejo-Duarte. "Can We Build Walkable Environments to Support Social Capital? Towards a Spatial Understanding of Social Capital; a Scoping Review." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 13259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313259.
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Empirical evidence suggests that it is possible to socially renew neighbourhoods through the formation of social capital (SC) as an effect of walking. The characteristics of the built environment that influence walkability and SC have been relatively well established by previous research, but contrasts remain. Therefore, this document seeks to investigate the relationship between SC and walkability, through a Scoping Review of empirical studies published in indexed journals in the Web of Science and Scopus. The findings indicate that the formation of SC as an effect of walking is associated with land use and the design of neighbourhood facilities; the provision of urban furniture (benches) and green spaces; and that the design and configuration of the neighbourhoods affects SC even more than the excess density. In addition, the methodological strategies used to arrive at these results were reviewed. The conclusions suggest the need to study this issue from an updated perspective, where new neighbourhood interaction systems can be tracked (that provide new indicators), using advanced tools and technologies that help streamline and make measurements more objective.
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Md Sakip, Siti Rasidah, Noraini Johari, and Mohd Najib Mohd Salleh. "Sense of Community in Gated and Non-Gated Residential." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 3, no. 9 (June 30, 2018): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i9.303.
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Neighbourhood design is one of the factors contributing towards the establishment and maintenance of local community ties. The differences in environmental size and design of neighbourhoods are perceived to influence sense of community networking functions. A physical element such as gated element is also believed to have an influence on local community relationship networking. Therefore, a study on sense of community was conducted in two neighbourhood areas: Putrajaya (non-gated) and Bandar Baru Bangi (gated) using face to face interview method. This study found that residents of non-gated residential areas demonstrated higher sense of community (M=6.47 SP=0.08) than residents of gated residential areas (M=6.39, SP=1.08).
Keywords: sense of community; social interaction; neighbourhood design; gated residential; non-gated residential
eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i9.303
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Swapan, Abu Yousuf, and Dora Marinova. "Understanding Sense of community in Subiaco, Western Australia A Study of Human Behaviour and Movement Patterns." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 5 (September 4, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n5p1.
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Despite being an important physical environment capable of promoting social sustainability, sense of community and contributing to a better quality of life, residential streets and neighbourhoods have not attracted significant research interest until now. The integrated physical interconnected network of houses, front yards, walkways, alleyways and streets offers a high potential for community building through social interactions at a neighbourhood level. Understanding people’s movements, activities and perceptions about their streets can inform design practices and local planning policy in creating better communities. This study presents an investigation of a residential neighbourhood in Subiaco, Western Australia through the use of a mixed-method methodology based on observation and a perception survey. A total of 61 households were observed and interviewed during the spring and summer of 2016–2017 to develop useful typological models centred on activities, movements and resident perceptions. The findings endorse the importance of the residential street as a focus place for behaviour setting but argues that in the case of the Subiaco neighbourhood, which is part of a larger car-dependent metropolitain area, movement patterns– including vehicular, cycling, pedestrian modes and jaywalking, have no significant impact on social interactions. According to the perception survey, 82% of the Subiaco neighbourhood residents see activities across the street as generating the highest level of sense of community. The study expands both, the existing theory and approaches to urban planning, by emphasising the need for making neighbourhood streets the centre of liveability through better physical design which encourages and facilitates pedestrian movement.
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Leng, Hong, Shuyuan Li, Shichun Yan, and Xiuli An. "Exploring the Relationship between Green Space in a Neighbourhood and Cardiovascular Health in the Winter City of China: A Study Using a Health Survey for Harbin." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020513.
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A severely cold climate has a significant impact on cardiovascular health, involving temperature, air environment, exercise and diet. Existing studies have revealed that green space, as an important health resource, may play a positive role in promoting cardiovascular health through the air environment and exercise. Studies focusing on the correlation between green space and cardiovascular health are rarely carried out in winter cities. The purpose of this paper is to take a winter city in China as an empirical case to explore the correlation between green space in a neighbourhood and cardiovascular health in a representative sample at the neighbourhood level, combining the results with Urban Residential Area Planning and Design Standards (GB50180-2018) in China and the existing research. The results showed that green space characteristics of a neighbourhood were related to cardiovascular disease and some of its risk factors. In neighbourhoods with a Green Space Ratio lower than 28%, residents had a higher risk of physical inactivity, overweight or obesity, hypertension and stroke. In neighbourhoods with a Green View Index lower than 15%, residents had a higher risk of physical inactivity, overweight/obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and stroke. A correlation was found between evergreen tree configuration type and the prevalence of overweight/obesity and hypertension. No correlation was found between the type of sports field and cardiovascular disease and its risk factors, except for hypertension. Residents’ cardiovascular health scores also showed significant differences among neighbourhoods with different green space characteristics. Intervention efforts may benefit from emphasising the importance of improving the Green Space Ratio and Green View Index effectively in a neighbourhood to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Wood, Lisa, Billie Giles-Corti, and Max Bulsara. "Streets Apart: Does Social Capital Vary with Neighbourhood Design?" Urban Studies Research 2012 (September 2, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/507503.
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While neighbourhood differences in social capital have been mapped, few empirical studies have considered the nexus between specific physical characteristics of communities and social capital. In this study we hypothesised that social capital would be positively associated with a more walkable street network design, but inversely associated with negative experiences and perceptions of neighbourhood environments. Data was gathered through a random cross-sectional telephone survey of adults (n=339) from three suburbs with differing street network design. Although there was some relationship between street network layout and social capital, this was not always as hypothesised by previous studies. Perceived incivilities, lower levels of trust and support were among factors that may have countered some of the positive influences of a walkable street network design on social capital. Overall, our findings suggest that the built environment may influence neighbourhood social capital at both a real and perceived level. While the actual presence and type of facilities, neighbourhood design and walkability may impact on social capital formation and maintenance, so too can perceptions of the physical and social environment. Understanding the complex intertwining of physical neighbourhood features, perceptions and social dynamics is relevant to growing public policy interest in strengthening social capital for enhanced community wellbeing.
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Balsells, M., B. Barroca, J. R. Amdal, Y. Diab, V. Becue, and D. Serre. "Analysing urban resilience through alternative stormwater management options: application of the conceptual Spatial Decision Support System model at the neighbourhood scale." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 11 (October 22, 2013): 2448–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.527.
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Recent changes in cities and their environments, caused by rapid urbanisation and climate change, have increased both flood probability and the severity of flooding. Consequently, there is a need for all cities to adapt to climate and socio-economic changes by developing new strategies for flood risk management. Following a risk paradigm shift from traditional to more integrated approaches, and considering the uncertainties of future urban development, one of the main emerging tasks for city managers becomes the development of resilient cities. However, the meaning of the resilience concept and its operability is still not clear. The goal of this research is to study how urban engineering and design disciplines can improve resilience to floods in urban neighbourhoods. This paper presents the conceptual Spatial Decision Support System (DS3) model which we consider a relevant tool to analyse and then implement resilience into neighbourhood design. Using this model, we analyse and discuss alternative stormwater management options at the neighbourhood scale in two specific areas: Rotterdam and New Orleans. The results obtained demonstrate that the DS3 model confirmed in its framework analysis that stormwater management systems can positively contribute to the improved flood resilience of a neighbourhood.
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Gibson, Tony. "Decision-making in neighbourhood design and development." Design Studies 7, no. 3 (July 1986): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-694x(86)90053-0.
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Callander, Denton, John A. Schneider, Asa Radix, Basile Chaix, Roberta Scheinmann, Gia Love, Jordyn Smith, et al. "Longitudinal cohort of HIV-negative transgender women of colour in New York City: protocol for the TURNNT (‘Trying to Understand Relationships, Networks and Neighbourhoods among Transgender women of colour’) study." BMJ Open 10, no. 4 (April 2020): e032876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032876.
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IntroductionIn the USA, transgender women are among the most vulnerable to HIV. In particular, transgender women of colour face high rates of infection and low uptake of important HIV prevention tools, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This paper describes the design, sampling methods, data collection and analyses of the TURNNT (‘Trying to Understand Relationships, Networks and Neighbourhoods among Transgender women of colour’) study. In collaboration with communities of transgender women of colour, TURNNT aims to explore the complex social and environmental (ie, neighbourhood) structures that affect HIV prevention and other aspects of health in order to identify avenues for intervention.Methods and analysesTURNNT is a prospective cohort study, which will recruit 300 transgender women of colour (150 Black/African American, 100 Latina and 50 Asian/Pacific Islander participants) in New York City. There will be three waves of data collection separated by 6 months. At each wave, participants will provide information on their relationships, social and sexual networks, and neighbourhoods. Global position system technology will be used to generate individual daily path areas in order to estimate neighbourhood-level exposures. Multivariate analyses will be conducted to assess cross-sectional and longitudinal, independent and synergistic associations of personal relationships (notably individual social capital), social and sexual networks, and neighbourhood factors (notably neighbourhood-level social cohesion) with PrEP uptake and discontinuation.Ethics and disseminationThe TURNNT protocol was approved by the Columbia University Institutional Review Board (reference no. AAAS8164). This study will provide novel insights into the relationship, network and neighbourhood factors that influence HIV prevention behaviours among transgender women of colour and facilitate exploration of this population’s health and well-being more broadly. Through community-based dissemination events and consultation with policy makers, this foundational work will be used to guide the development and implementation of future interventions with and for transgender women of colour.
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Salamagy, Hazrat Bilale, Fernando Brandão Alves, and Clara Pimenta do Vale. "Urban Design Solutions for the Environmental Requalification of Informal Neighbourhoods: The George Dimitrov Neighbourhood, Maputo." Urban Science 7, no. 1 (January 20, 2023): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7010012.
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The current dimension of informal settlements in Maputo requires the definition of action models framed by empirical evidence, taking advantage of pre-existing socio-spatial and environmental conditions to define physical interventions through sustainable urban design strategies, with a view to their physical (and socio-economic) upgrading. Thus, this paper highlights the potential of urban design in the environmentally sustainable upgrading of Maputo’s informal neighbourhoods. This article aimed to develop sustainable and resilient urban design proposals and identify strategies capable of guiding the future process of physical territorial transformation towards a more sustainable model. Methodologically, a literature review was undertaken for the purpose of understanding the issues related to the theme and the general characteristics of informal neighbourhoods, as well as for exploring a case study: the George Dimitrov Neighbourhood. It was concluded that the current fabric of informal settlements possesses physical characteristics which facilitate the application of sustainable and responsive urban design strategies for the requalification of these deprived areas. Despite the marked difference between the spatial configurations of informal neighbourhoods and those of formal cities, it is possible to increase the level of resilience and sustainability of informal settlements through surgical and deep solutions, anchored on the particularities of the existing fabric.
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Beckers, Pascal, and Sanne Boschman. "Residential choices of foreign highly skilled workers in the Netherlands and the role of neighbourhood and urban regional characteristics." Urban Studies 56, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): 760–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017741262.
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In the international competition for talent, local and national policy makers are keen to better understand the location choices of highly skilled workers in order to design more effective policies geared towards the group’s attraction and retention. In this study, we explain whether and to what extent the local living environment, in particular characteristics at the neighbourhood and urban regional level, affect the residential choices of foreign highly skilled workers. We make use of register data from Statistics Netherlands on the residential locations of all of these migrants who entered the Netherlands between 2000 and 2009. We combine this dataset with data on relevant characteristics at the neighbourhood level as well as with relevant amenities and labour market characteristics at the regional level. We estimate a negative binomial regression model to test which characteristics of neighbourhoods and urban regions are associated with high inflows of foreign highly skilled workers at the neighbourhood level. We find that, besides labour market characteristics, the characteristics of the local environment do matter for location choices of foreign highly skilled workers in the Netherlands. This group tends to settle in higher income, inner city neighbourhoods that offer a high degree of urban vibe. Furthermore, residential choices differ between single and multi-person households and change with duration of stay in the country.
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Engel-Yan, Joshua, Chris Kennedy, Susana Saiz, and Kim Pressnail. "Toward sustainable neighbourhoods: the need to consider infrastructure interactions." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 32, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l04-116.
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This paper details the role of infrastructure in promoting sustainability at the neighbourhood scale. A sustainable neighbourhood design process is outlined and the importance of adopting a systems perspective and considering infrastructure interconnections is emphasized. The performance of local infrastructure systems (e.g., buildings and local transportation network) is influenced by interactions with the greater urban region and with other local infrastructure. Through a broad review of the literature on transportation, water, building, and urban forestry systems, this paper identifies many of these extra- and inter-neighbourhood interactions. The paper concludes that it is difficult to achieve neighbourhood sustainability objectives without infrastructure systems at the urban scale that support these micro-scale goals. Furthermore, interactions between local infrastructure systems can have a positive or negative impact on infrastructure performance and environmental impacts. Careful consideration of these relationships during neighbourhood design could yield significant improvements in infrastructure resource efficiency as well as reductions in pollutant emissions and overall costs.Key words: sustainable neighbourhood design, infrastructure systems, transportation, water, buildings, urban forestry.
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Caesarina, Hanny Maria. "Green Space Conceptual Design for the Neighbourhood of Settlements along Martapura River in Banjarmasin." Ruang 6, no. 1 (April 22, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ruang.6.1.1-10.
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Banjarmasin still struggles to improve the environmental quality of the settlements in some riparian areas that built directly above Martapura river. The settlements are densely populated with limited pathways without any open space. The local government implemented waterfront development to improve the environmental quality, such as a green village concept by installing some greeneries along the settlements to create a greener neighbourhood. The main problem was there were no available land for greenspace. The aim of this research was to design a conceptual design for green space along the river based on the evaluation of the existing condition after the green village concept already implemented. Series of field observations, interviews, and literature review was done to get an actual condition of the study area. The data analyzed with a descriptive-qualitative approach and resulted that the quality of the green space in the neighbourhood can be improved with a special green space design for the limited space. We produce a conceptual design that fulfil the criteria of green space for settlements along the Martapura river which are vertical garden, floating communal space and floating garden These concepts may suitable for green space in limited space and connected with the river as blue space
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Haynes, Robin, Konstantinos Daras, Richard Reading, and Andrew Jones. "Modifiable neighbourhood units, zone design and residents’ perceptions." Health & Place 13, no. 4 (December 2007): 812–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.01.002.
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Kwok, Alan H., Douglas Paton, Julia Becker, Emma E. Hudson-Doyle, and David Johnston. "A bottom-up approach to developing a neighbourhood-based resilience measurement framework." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 27, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-07-2017-0169.
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Purpose As disaster resilience activities are increasingly occurring at the neighbourhood level, there is a growing recognition in research and in practice of the contributions that community stakeholders can make in assessing the resilience of their communities. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process in deriving a disaster resilience measurement framework by soliciting the perspectives of stakeholders from urban neighbourhoods in two countries. The authors examined their community values, and their perspectives on both the concept of resilience and the essential elements that they believe would contribute to the resiliency of their neighbourhoods. Design/methodology/approach The authors used an appreciative inquiry approach to draw out the perspectives of 58 stakeholders from nine focus groups in five urban neighbourhoods in New Zealand and in the USA. Findings Results of this research show common values and recurring perceived characteristics of disaster resilience across the study sites. A neighbourhood-based disaster resilience measurement framework is developed that encompasses individual/psychological, socio-cultural, economic, infrastructural/built, and institutional/governance dimensions of disaster resilience. In the process of developing the framework, the authors identified challenges in engaging certain segments of the population and in accounting for wider structural influences on neighbourhood resilience. Research limitations/implications Issues relating to inclusive community engagement and linkages to cross-scalar resilience factors need to be addressed in future studies. Practical implications Results of this research provide insights and guidance for policy makers and practitioners when engaging communities in the development of resilience metrics. Originality/value This study fills the literature gap in evaluating community values and stakeholders’ perspectives on disaster resilience when identifying metrics for resilience interventions in urban neighbourhoods. The proposed measurement framework is derived from cross-cultural and diverse socioeconomic settings.
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Hagedoorn, Paulien, Peter P. Groenewegen, Hannah Roberts, and Marco Helbich. "Is suicide mortality associated with neighbourhood social fragmentation and deprivation? A Dutch register-based case-control study using individualised neighbourhoods." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 74, no. 2 (November 14, 2019): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-212699.
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BackgroundNeighbourhood social fragmentation and socioeconomic deprivation seem to be associated with suicide mortality. However, results are inconclusive, which might be because dynamics in the social context are not well-represented by administratively bounded neighbourhoods at baseline. We used individualised neighbourhoods to examine associations between suicide mortality, social fragmentation, and deprivation for the total population as well as by sex and age group.MethodsUsing a nested case-control design, all suicides aged 18–64 years between 2007 and 2016 were selected from longitudinal Dutch register data and matched with 10 random controls. Indices for social fragmentation and deprivation were calculated annually for 300, 600 and 1000 metre circular buffers around each subject’s residential address.ResultsSuicide mortality was significantly higher in neighbourhoods with high deprivation and social fragmentation. Accounting for individual characteristics largely attenuated these associations. Suicide mortality remained significantly higher for women living in highly fragmented neighbourhoods in the fully adjusted model. Age-stratified analyses indicate associations with neighbourhood fragmentation among women in older age groups (40–64 years) only. Among men, suicide risk was lower in fragmented neighbourhoods for those aged 18–39 years and for short-term residents. In deprived neighbourhoods, suicide risk was lower for men aged 40–64 years and long-term residents. Associations between neighbourhood characteristics and suicide mortality were comparable across buffer sizes.ConclusionOur findings suggest that next to individual characteristics, the social and economic context within which people live may both enhance and buffer the risk of suicide.
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Mechkaroff, Nicole, Saumya Kaushik, and Mary Ann Jackson. "Re-framing Built Environment Practice: Towards an Accessible City." Journal of Public Space 7, no. 2 (June 26, 2022): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v7i2.1491.
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As practising architects in Victoria, Australia, we have observed significant, systemic industry failure, impeding the development of accessible and inclusive cities. Contemporary built environment design practice and design values push ‘accessible design’ to the margins, often considered as an after-thought and only in terms of technical and regulatory compliance. Built environment practice needs to be challenged into deeper ways of thinking – ones that stimulate professional discourse and heighten industry awareness of both its control over built environment accessibility outcomes and, critically, its accountability in serving the public good.Cities invariably comprise neighbourhoods. To begin to understand built environment inaccessibility at the neighbourhood scale, the built environment mindset must change to properly engage with complex, socio-ecological, public-realm (public space) built environments. Design practice must improve its neighbourhood site analysis approach, going beyond private, contractual site boundaries and immediate physical surrounds, to understanding end-user experiences, neighbourhood journeys, and the broader scale of (in)accessibility. Industry attitudes, practice approaches and the way disability is positioned by industry must change to embrace processes that necessitate diverse actors working together across multiple disciplines and sectors with people with disability being core actors in decision-making.We believe that opportunities exist in building industry interest and capacity. Research-informed built environment practice embracing systems-thinking, human rights-based approaches, and transdisciplinarity can be effective for aggravating industry change and the way industry positions disability. This paper adopts an analytical, collaborative autoethnographic approach, examining case studies of neighbourhood-scale accessibility assessment, outputs from activities questioning why built environment practitioners believe inaccessibility exists, and self-reflection on 10 to 35+ years of working in architectural practice. Importantly, this paper argues that in working towards achieving universally accessible public spaces for all, built environment practitioners, and architects in particular, must accept accountability for the impact of their actions on people with disabilities’ lived experiences.
Read the full article in accessible html-format here.
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van Soomeren, Paul, Willemijn van de Klundert, Inés Aquilué, and Justin de Kleuver. "High-rise in trouble? Learning from Europe." Journal of Place Management and Development 9, no. 2 (July 11, 2016): 224–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-12-2015-0058.
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Purpose All over the world, millions of people live in buildings and neighbourhoods that follow the principles of Congrès International d’Architecture Moderne (CIAM) and Le Corbusier: high-rise “residential machines” in parks reminiscent of green seas. Some of these have become very successful living environments, but in Europe and the USA, several neighbourhoods featuring this architectural design dream have become a social nightmare. Residents who were able to moved to more desirable neighbourhoods. This led to a high level of vacancy and crime and fear of crime have flourished, resulting in a stigma that is often long-lasting and difficult to repair. The pupose of this study is to learn from these experiences. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, two high-rise neighbourhoods, built in a Corbusier-like fashion and situated on the outskirts of major cities, are put under the evaluation spotlight: Bijlmermeer: located in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, with an abundance of landscaping, shrubbery, green fields and one high-density neighbourhood; and Bellvitge: located in Barcelona, Cataluña, Spain, looking less like a park and more like a city with open-air parking on ground level, and many small shops, bars and restaurants. Findings Both neighbourhoods faced enormous problems from crime, incivilities, disorder and drug abuse. Fear of crime and feelings of insecurity were high. Both governments reacted by investing huge sums of money. In Bellvitge, the investment was mainly in public transport, the public domain and new approaches in policing while keeping the high-rise buildings intact. In Bijlmermeer, a large regeneration project supported the demolition of two-thirds of all apartments and the neighbourhood was rebuilt in a low-rise fashion. Research limitations/implications This paper outlines the history of both neighbourhoods and describes the solutions that were implemented. Important lessons can be learned regarding current high-rise neighbourhoods and about the learning capacity of urban designers and planners regarding urban management. Practical implications The paper suggests that urban planners, designers and managers are slow in learning from earlier mistakes. The hypothesis is that there is no clear method available to evaluate new urban planning designs by incorporating lessons from the success or failure of previous cases. This paper focuses on density, ownership and design to identify possible approaches to evaluate new high-rise estate plans. Originality/value The Western high-rise “wave” has faded away but nowadays has become a high-rise “tsunami” in Asia. Learning from European experience may be beneficial.
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Buick, Jason E., Katherine S. Allan, Joel G. Ray, Alexander Kiss, Paul Dorian, Peter Gozdyra, and Laurie J. Morrison. "Does location matter? A proposed methodology to evaluate neighbourhood effects on cardiac arrest survival and bystander CPR." CJEM 17, no. 3 (March 3, 2015): 286–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2014.40.
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AbstractBackgroundTraditional variables used to explain survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) account for only 72% of survival, suggesting that other unknown factors may influence outcomes. Research on other diseases suggests that neighbourhood factors may partly determine health outcomes. Yet, this approach has rarely been used for OHCA. This work outlines a methodology to investigate multiple neighbourhood factors as determinants of OHCA outcomes.MethodsA retrospective, observational cohort study design will be used. All adult non-emergency medical service witnessed OHCAs of cardiac etiology within the city of Toronto between 2006 and 2010 will be included. Event details will be extracted from the Toronto site of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Epistry—Cardiac Arrest, an existing population-based dataset of consecutive OHCA patients. Geographic information systems technology will be used to assign patients to census tracts. Neighbourhood variables to be explored include the Ontario Marginalization Index (deprivation, dependency, ethnicity, and instability), crime rate, and density of family physicians. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis will be used to explore the association between neighbourhood characteristics and 1) survival-to-hospital discharge, 2) return-of-spontaneous circulation at hospital arrival, and 3) provision of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Receiver operating characteristics curves will evaluate each model’s ability to discriminate between those with and without each outcome.DiscussionThis study will determine the role of neighbourhood characteristics in OHCA and their association with clinical outcomes. The results can be used as the basis to focus on specific neighbourhoods for facilitating educational interventions, CPR awareness programs, and higher utilization of automatic defibrillation devices.
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Edmund Chinem, Nwokaeze,, Ikiriko, Tamunoikuronibo Dawaye, and Johnbull, Simeipiri Wenike. "Urban Security Challenges: A Review of Crime Prevention Strategies Adopted by Residents in Greater Port Harcourt City, Rivers State, Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Review 9, no. 3 (March 7, 2022): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220308.
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The vulnerability to the insecurity of cities, and how best to address them, have been subject to considerable discussions. With the rising crime rate in cities in Nigeria, households have provided for their security, particularly with structures in the building, streets and neighbourhoods. Observation of streets and houses in Greater Port Harcourt City Area show high fences (some with the addition of razor wires), gates to streets manned by security personnel, use of CCTV, electrified gates and fences, burglary proofing of windows, doors and even roofs. This research reviews strategy adopted by residents in curbing crime across different neighbourhoods of Greater Port Harcourt City. The study utilizes a survey research methodology based on data obtained from four hundred and ninety–eight (498) respondents drawn from four neighbourhoods selected purposively (three from planned neighbourhoods in the inner city and one large neighbourhood in the peri-urban area). The study followed a multi-stage framework. Five streets in the inner city and fifteen streets in the peri-urban area were randomly selected in the study neighbourhoods. This was followed by the selection of twenty houses on each street using the systematic sampling method. In each house, one household head was randomly picked for questionnaire administration. The results revealed that the use of urban design elements to control crime between the inner-city neighbourhoods and the neighbourhoods in the urban periphery of the city differed significantly. The inner-city made greater use of natural surveillance to control crime whereas the peri-urban area utilized target hardening. State actors and non-state actors were used for crime control across the neighbourhoods; however, income status was a key determinant of preference. The high income was favourable to the formal instrument of state power, the police while the low income preferred the non-state actors, the local vigilante. This study recommends an integrated crime prevention strategy for the entire city; adequate funding of security by the Government, the provision of amenities and street furniture, the use of neighbourhood plans that promotes defensible space in emerging areas, the introduction of technology and community policing in crime prevention will achieve far greater long-term security for the Greater Port Harcourt metropolis. Keywords: Urban security, Crime prevention, Neighbourhood, Greater Port Harcourt City.
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Orozco-Messana, Javier, Milagro Iborra-Lucas, and Raimon Calabuig-Moreno. "Neighbourhood Modelling for Urban Sustainability Assessment." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): 4654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094654.
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Climate change is becoming a dominant concern for advanced countries. The Paris Agreement sets out a global framework whose implementation relates to all human activities and is commonly guided by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), which set the scene for sustainable development performance configuring all climate action related policies. Fast control of CO2 emissions necessarily involves cities since they are responsible for 70 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. SDG 11 (Sustainable cities and communities) is clearly involved in the deployment of SDG 13 (Climate Action). European Sustainability policies are financially guided by the European Green Deal for a climate neutral urban environment. In turn, a common framework for urban policy impact assessment must be based on architectural design tools, such as building certification, and common data repositories for standard digital building models. Many Neighbourhood Sustainability Assessment (NSA) tools have been developed but the growing availability of open data repositories for cities, together with big-data sources (provided through Internet of Things repositories), allow accurate neighbourhood simulations, or in other words, digital twins of neighbourhoods. These digital twins are excellent tools for policy impact assessment. After a careful analysis of current scientific literature, this paper provides a generic approach for a simple neighbourhood model developed from building physical parameters which meets relevant assessment requirements, while simultaneously being updated (and tested) against real open data repositories, and how this assessment is related to building certification tools. The proposal is validated by real data on energy consumption and on its application to the Benicalap neighbourhood in Valencia (Spain).
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Gul, Yasmeen, Zahid Sultan, and Gul Ahmed Jokhio. "Contribution to the Environmental sustainability by improving the walking behaviour through neighbourhoods’ design with special reference to developing countries." E3S Web of Conferences 158 (2020): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015802002.
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The neighbourhood design (ND) factors such as land-use mix (LUM), street connectivity and housing density have the potential to enhance the walking. A limited number of studies have investigated the association of ND factors with walking in developing countries. Therefore, the objective of this study is to compare the ND factors and investigate their association with walking. The LUM, street connectivity and housing density were measured objectively while walking was calculated subjectively (n-1,042adults). Independent sample t-test and Binary logistic analysis has been used to investigate the comparison and association between ND factors and walking. The results show that two out of three ND indicators are significantly different in both types of neighbourhoods and have positive association with walking Therefore, it can be concluded that, for the sake of walking in developing countries, the neighbourhoods should have mix of different land-uses and well-connected streets rather than sealing the neighbourhoods with walls.
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Kanika Bansal. "Design Strategies for Reorganizing the Public Realm of a Neighbourhood Unit: The Case of the Modern Housing Complex, Manimajra, Chandigarh." Creative Space 2, no. 2 (January 21, 2015): 157–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2015.22002.
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The Public Realm, an interface between the public and the private, is a vital aspect of the built environment that helps to give a city its identity. Despite being a highly significant contributor towards shaping the urban life and the quality of urban spaces, the fact remains that the concept and idea of meaningful public realm remains largely ignored, especially within neighbourhoods with their series of unmaintained and misused public spaces. Such is the case of the Modern Housing Complex at Manimajra, Chandigarh, where the planned open spaces and parks have been increasingly converted into parking lots, garbage yards with uncontrolled vegetation, or spaces that promote antisocial activities, all of which together affect the livability and attractiveness of the ‘model’ colony.’ This paper is based on a study of Manimajra’s Modern Housing Complex, that was undertaken in 2012-13. The objective was to focus on the public realm and to devise design strategies for a livable neighbourhood through a community-based vision for an improved, high quality Public Realm making the neighbourhood more vibrant, safe and a truly liveable place. The study was based on an understanding of how the physical pattern and organization of a neighborhood influences perception and understanding of public places, multiple forms in which public places are manifested, different ways in which public places are understood, and various manners in which public places are used. The study reinforced the notion that the design, condition and quality of the neighbourhood streets and spaces have a major impact on the quality of its inhabitants’ life, and their careful designing and quality development can help to create successful public places.
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Cohen-Cline, Hannah, Shirley A. A. Beresford, Wendy Elizabeth Barrington, Ross L. Matsueda, Jon Wakefield, and Glen E. Duncan. "Associations between neighbourhood characteristics and depression: a twin study." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 3 (December 22, 2017): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-209453.
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BackgroundDepression is an important contributor to the global burden of disease. Besides several known individual-level factors that contribute to depression, there is a growing recognition that neighbourhood environment can also profoundly affect mental health. This study assessed associations between three neighbourhood constructs—socioeconomic deprivation, residential instability and income inequality—and depression among adult twin pairs. The twin design is used to examine the association between neighbourhood constructs and depression, controlling for selection factors (ie, genetic and shared environmental factors) that have confounded purported associations.MethodsWe used multilevel random-intercept Poisson regression among 3738 same-sex twin pairs from a community-based twin registry to examine the association between neighbourhood constructs and depression. The within-pair association controls for confounding by genetic and environmental factors shared between twins within a pair, and is the main parameter of interest. Models were adjusted for individual-level income, education and marital status, and further by neighbourhood-level population density.ResultsWhen twins were analysed as individuals (phenotypic model), all neighbourhood constructs were significantly associated with depression. However, only neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation showed a significant within-pair association with depression. A 10-unit within-pair difference in neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation was associated with 6% greater depressive symptoms (1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.11); the association did not substantially change in adjusted models.ConclusionThis study provides new evidence linking neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation with greater depression. Future studies should employ longitudinal designs to better test social causation versus social selection.
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Oates, Lloyd Louis, and Nick Firth. "Deprivation, access and outcomes in health psychology treatment." Mental Health Review Journal 25, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mhrj-02-2020-0010.
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Purpose Individuals living in areas of higher deprivation are more likely to have requested mental health treatment but are less likely to have received treatment or benefitted from it. Less is known about the extent of access equality and treatment outcomes for individuals with a long-term health condition who experience mental health difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the extent to which the neighbourhood Index of Multiple Deprivation predicted access to treatment, appointment attendance, treatment completion and clinical outcomes in a British health psychology clinic. Design/methodology/approach Retrospective data were used from 479 individuals referred to a health psychology clinic over 12 months. Clinical outcomes were measured using the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure. Patient data were linked with their neighbourhood Index of Multiple Deprivation decile. Data were analysed using correlation, linear regression and Fisher’s exact test. Findings There were no significant associations between deprivation and whether an individual attended assessment, attended treatment or completed treatment or between deprivation and patients’ clinical outcomes. Exploratory evidence indicated that individuals from higher deprivation neighbourhoods may be over-represented in clinic referrals, and individuals from lower deprivation neighbourhoods may be under-represented, compared with local population distribution estimates. Originality/value This evaluation provides insights into treatment outcomes and deprivation in those with physical health difficulties. Further evaluation using a larger sample and comparing referrals with local prevalence estimates of comorbid mental and physical health problems would enable greater confidence in the conclusion that no evidence of inequality on the basis of neighbourhood deprivation was found.
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Brizuela, Noel G., Néstor García-Chan, Humberto Gutiérrez Pulido, and Gerardo Chowell. "Understanding the role of urban design in disease spreading." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 477, no. 2245 (January 2021): 20200524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0524.
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Cities are complex systems whose characteristics impact the health of people who live in them. Nonetheless, urban determinants of health often vary within spatial scales smaller than the resolution of epidemiological datasets. Thus, as cities expand and their inequalities grow, the development of theoretical frameworks that explain health at the neighbourhood level is becoming increasingly critical. To this end, we developed a methodology that uses census data to introduce urban geography as a leading-order predictor in the spread of influenza-like pathogens. Here, we demonstrate our framework using neighbourhood-level census data for Guadalajara (GDL, Western Mexico). Our simulations show that daily mobility patterns can drive neighbourhood-level variations in the basic reproduction number R 0 , which in turn give rise to robust spatiotemporal patterns in the spread of disease. To generalize our results, we ran simulations in hypothetical cities with the same population, area, schools and businesses as GDL but different land use zoning. Experiments in these synthetic cities demonstrate that the agglomeration of daily activities can influence the growth rate, size and timing of urban epidemics. Overall, these findings support the view that cities can be redesigned to limit the geographical scope of influenza-like outbreaks.
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Salom, Jaume, Meril Tamm, Inger Andresen, Davide Cali, Ábel Magyari, Viktor Bukovszki, Rebeka Balázs, et al. "An Evaluation Framework for Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods: Moving Beyond the Traditional Building Energy Assessment." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 4314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144314.
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There are international activities and on-going initiatives, particularly at the European level, to define what Positive Energy Districts should be, as the driving concept for the urban transition to a sustainable future. The first objective of the paper is to contribute to the on-going and lively debate about the definition of the notion of Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhood (SPEN), which highlights the multiple dimensions when talking about sustainability in districts moving beyond the traditional and strict building energy assessment. Based on a holistic methodology which ensures the consideration of the multidimensional nature and goals of SPEN, the paper outlines an evaluation framework. The evaluation framework defines the key performance indicators distributed in five categories that consider energy and power performance, GHG emissions, indoor environmental quality, smartness, flexibility, life cycle costs and social sustainability. This framework is designed to be implemented during integrated design processes aiming to select design options for a neighbourhood as well within during the operational phase for monitoring its performance. Further work will include the implementation and validation of the framework in four real-life positive energy neighbourhoods in different climate zones of Europe as part of syn.ikia H2020 project.
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Ernawati, Jenny, Muhammad Satya Adhitama, Surjono ., and Beta Suryokusumo Sudarmo. "Urban Design Qualities Related Walkability in a Commercial Neighbourhood." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, no. 4 (August 8, 2016): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i4.385.
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This study explored the relations of urban design qualities, the adaptability and people’s preference for walking on a commercial street. The research employed survey research method using a self-administered questionnaire applying Likert scale and multiple rating scale techniques. One hundred and three respondents participated in the study. Descriptive statistics and correlations analysis were used to answer the research questions. Results indicated the adaptability quality of a street may depend on the spatial quality of the street such as legibility, human scale, coherence, and imageability while it does not correlate with the appearance of the street such as transparency, complexity, and enclosure. Meanwhile, people’s preference of a street for walking may depend on both qualities. Implications of the findings will discuss further in the paper.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords:Urban Design Qualities; Walkability; Commercial Neighbourhood; Adaptability