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Groucutt, Huw S., Paul Breeze, Nick A. Drake, Richard Jennings, Ash Parton, Tom White, Ceri Shipton, et al. "The Middle Palaeolithic of the Nejd, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Field Archaeology 41, no. 2 (March 3, 2016): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2016.1156928.
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Naumkin, V. V. "Hejaz in the Mid-1920s: the First Soviet Peacemaking Initiative." Minbar. Islamic Studies 11, no. 4 (February 4, 2019): 703–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2018-11-4-703-723.
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The article provides a fresh insight into the little known peacemaking initiative in the history of the Soviet diplomacy launched and planned by the head of the first Soviet diplomatic mission in the Arab world – in the Kingdom of Hejaz – Consul General Kerim Hakimov. As the troops commanded by Abdel Aziz bin Saud, the then ruler of Nejd, were rapidly approaching the Hejaz, and by the early 1925 had captured its capital Jeddah, Moscow, mindful of the future, gave its approval for Hakimov to get along with forging contacts with the Nejd representatives. The author reviews the motives underlying the decision to make an attempt at reconciliation between Ibn Saud and Sharif Hussein that would allow a possibility to establish a direct contact with the would-be founder of Saudi Arabia located in Mecca. Eventually, the Soviet Consul General managed to procure the vital information about the situation in Arabia and make a realistic assessment of Ibn Saud’s chances to gain victory. The trip made by the Consul General had an impact on Moscow’s determination to move forward along the way of supporting Ibn Saud in his efforts to unify the Arab lands, as a result, the USSR was the first nation to recognize the new state in Arabia.
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Abdulmohsen Aldersoni, Ali, and David Hou Chi Chow. "Adapting Traditional Passive Strategies within Contemporary House to Decrease High energy consumption Impact in Nejd Region, Saudi Arabia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 329 (October 11, 2019): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/329/1/012007.
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Hamdi, Saipul. "DE-KULTURALISASI ISLAM DAN KONFLIK SOSIAL DALAM DAKWAH WAHABI DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Kawistara 9, no. 2 (October 19, 2019): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.40397.
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This article investigates the phenomena of a transnational Wahhabi movement particularly the Wahhabi local organization in Indonesia. Wahhabism is a puritan, textual, and reformist Islamic movement established in Nejd Saudi Arabia 18th century identified as part of the conservative Sunni orthodox tradition. It was determined as the major religious-state reference for shariah law formulation by the Saudi government and expanded to non-Arab countries around the world imposing reformation idea of Islamic religious tradition and academic culture. This article examines the expansion and growth of the Wahhabi local organization in Indonesia and the effort to perform deculturalization of Islam from the local religious tradition practices. Deculturalizing Islam or pulling out Islam from cultural mixture and absorption is not easy because Islam has integrated to the local religious tradition since its presence in the community around the 12th century, which shows a long negotiation and unification of those identities. In doing so, this article explores the response on Wahhabi deculturalization discourse and how the local people negotiate to this new identity and socio-religious transformation influenced by the Wahhabi’s teaching and ideology. The hypothesis of Wahhabi’s teaching position and role in shaping radicalism and terrorism has carried this research to understand the local context of Wahhabi in Indonesia, how the Wahhabi people understand and engage to radicalism and terrorism, the response to global jihadism propagation including Al-Qaeda and ISIS, and the production of Khilafah Islamiyah idea and mission. The aggressive approach of Wahhabi, which attacks a belief system of local Muslim practices and invigorates the new single identity of Islam, leads this article to investigate the patterns of Wahhabi socio-religious conflict in the communities and the influence to social disintegration existence.
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Hashmi, M. Anaam, Nadia Abdulghaffar, and Iman Edinat. "Sustainability Commitment In Saudi Arabia And Need For Educational Reforms For The Jobs Of The Future." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 14, no. 1 (December 23, 2014): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v14i1.9031.
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Saudi Arabia is an important country among the Middle Eastern nations and a pivotal one because of its key position in international petroleum production. Sustainable practices are becoming prominent considerations among public and private sector Saudi Arabian business enterprises. Secondary and primary data pertaining to sustainability and carbon management practices in Saudi Arabia and its business enterprises were analyzed in this study. Saudi Arabian government has been serious in tackling the environmental problems. Primary data revealed private sector managers were better prepared and eager to deal with sustainability and carbon management problems compared to public sector enterprises. Surveyed Saudi managers reported hope that their employers would start rewarding positive sustainability actions and focus on educating managers about carbon management practices. There is a need to reform the educational system to prepare future managers who are ready to implement sustainability policies in their organizations. The findings of this project can assist Saudi Arabian policymakers and leadership of public and private sector universities to restructure the higher education sector to prepare students for the jobs of the future and help Saudi Arabia in pursuing sustainability goals.
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Ostrowski, Stéphane, Eric Bedin, Daniel M. Lenain, and Abdulaziz H. Abuzinada. "Ten years of Arabian oryx conservation breeding in Saudi Arabia – achievements and regional perspectives." Oryx 32, no. 3 (July 1998): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1998.d01-38.x.
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The National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development was established in 1986 to oversee all wildlife conservation programmes in Saudi Arabia. The Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx is one of the flagship species of the Saudi Arabian reintroduction policy. It has been captive-bred since 1986 at the National Wildlife Research Center near Taif. With the creation of a network of protected areas in the former distribution range of the species, attention has shifted to the release of captive-bred oryx into Mahazat as-Sayd and 'Uruq Bani Ma'arid reserves. Similar programmes carried out in other countries of the Arabian Peninsula underline the need for regional co-operation and pan-Arabic public awareness programmes, in addition to captive-breeding and reintroduction projects.
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Alsadaan, Nourah, Linda K. Jones, Amanda Kimpton, and Cliff DaCosta. "Challenges Facing the Nursing Profession in Saudi Arabia: An Integrative Review." Nursing Reports 11, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nursrep11020038.
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There is a paucity of recent literature identifying the issues facing the nursing profession in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this integrative review is to highlight the ongoing challenges facing the nursing profession in Saudi Arabia despite attempts to make a difference and suggests recommendations for the future. Literature published from 2000 to 2020, inclusive, relevant for nursing challenges in Saudi Arabia was accessed and reviewed from multiple sources. In Saudi Arabia, inadequate numbers of Saudi nurses have prompted an increase in recruitment of expatriate nurses. This has created its own issues including, retention, lack of competency in English and Arabic, as well as Arabic cultural aspects, insufficient experience, and a high workload. The result is job dissatisfaction and increased attrition as these nurses prefer to move to more developed countries. For national nurses, the issues are the need to recruit more and retain these nurses. There are a range of cultural factors that contribute to these issues with national nurses. There is a need to improve the image of nursing to recruit more Saudi nurses as well as addressing issues in education and work environment. For expatriate nurses there is a need for a better recruitment processes, a thorough program of education to improve knowledge and skills to equip them to work and stay in Saudi. There is also a need for organizational changes to be made to increase the job satisfaction and retention of nurses generally. Healthcare in Saudi Arabia also needs leaders to efficiently manage the various issues associated with the nursing workforce challenges.
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Alassaf, Abdullah, Basim Almulhim, Sara Ayid Alghamdi, and Sreekanth Kumar Mallineni. "Perceptions and Preventive Practices Regarding COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak and Oral Health Care Perceptions during the Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Survey from Saudi Arabia." Healthcare 9, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9080959.
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Aims: The study aimed to evaluate perceptions and preventive practices regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and oral health care perceptions during the lockdown in the Saudi Arabian population. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was performed by collecting the data from individuals belonging to various parts of the Saudi Arabian Population through an online self-reported questionnaire. The questionnaire had two main parts: first comprised of demographic data include the region of residence, gender, nationality, age, the number of family members, monthly income of the family, and the second was further divided into three sections of perception (P), practice (PRA) and oral health care practice (D) questions. All these (P, PRA, and D) were analyzed by comparing all of the demographic characteristics. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS IBM (version 21.0), and statistical significance was set at a 5% level. Results: Overall, 2013 participants (54% males and 46% females) contributed to the Saudi Arabia study. Only 5% of non-Saudis live in Saudi Arabia were participated in the study, while the majority of participants were of 21–40 years age group (45%), 59% of having more than five family members, and 60% of them had ≤10 K Suadi riyal monthly income respectively. The majority of the participants were from Riyadh (33.7%) and Asir (25.1%) in the study. Overall, 89.5% of the participants were aware of the COVID-19 global pandemic. The majority of the participants (55%) from Saudi Arabia utilized the Ministry of Health website, a source of information regarding COVID-19. However, 56.5% of the participants had COVID-19 related perception, and 74.3% followed an appropriate preventive practice. Approximately 60% had good oral health practice. The study participants showed mixed opinions on perceptions regarding COVID-19, preventive practice, and oral health practices. Conclusion: The present study suggested that the Saudi Arabian population has good attention to COVID-19, but preventive practice and oral health perception need better awareness to control this novel virus spread. The Ministry of Health website utilized as a significant source of information among the Saudi Arabian population regarding COVID-19.
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Nalband, Nisar Ahamad, and Mohammed A. Al Awadh. "Employer Branding Practices in Saudi Arabian Banking Sector." Journal of Management Research 9, no. 3 (June 21, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v9i3.11223.
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In these days of competition, to be unique in the market the organizations are using many strategies. To design and execute any strategy the organizations needs talented employees.To facilitate the pooling of employees into an organization “employer branding practices” plays a critical role. In the process of attracting the right talent at right time for right job has become immensely important. The human resources management departments have no doubt occupying the fore front in the business organizations of today; yet it has to leave its impact through communicating the employer branding practices properly in an effective way.The present research paper deals with Saudi Arabian Banking Sector where in which the authors have made an attempt to find the practices of employer branding available or not from the human resource management perspective.The research is timely for the reason that Saudi Arabia is implementing “Nitaqat” (a step by step process to encourage local’s employment (the Saudi employment market comprises around 40% of expatriate employees). The companies are on toes to recruit Saudi nationals; the availability of skilled and talented Saudis is less. Therefore there is a need for employer branding practices.The data collected from thirteen banks operating in Saudi Arabia and appropriate tools of statistics used to analyze the data and arrive to a conclusion.From the literature review it is found that academically unanimously it is agreed that employer branding practices will help in attracting and retaining the talent, but the actual practices of employer branding are either not recorded or properly planned. From the research it is found that definitely there is a need for employer branding practices in Saudi Arabian banking sector too.
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DAWAH, HASSAN A., SYED K. AHMAD, MOHAMMED A. ABDULLAH, and TADEUSZ ZATWARNICKI. "An overview of the Ephydridae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia." Zootaxa 4711, no. 3 (December 17, 2019): 401–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4711.3.1.
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Despite the species richness of Ephydridae world-wide (2000 species) and its prominent environmental roles as a minor pest and as a food for wildlife, only 13 species have been recorded from Saudi Arabia. Between 2012 and 2016, a biodiversity study of Diptera was conducted at Jazan, Asir, and Najran in south-western Saudi Arabia, at 22 sites, was performed mainly using Malaise traps and sweep nets. In this study, 43 known species of Ephydridae were identified, 37 of them for the first time from southwestern Saudi Arabia and 16 from Arabian Peninsula. This brings the total number of Ephydridae species in Saudi Arabia to 49 (including previous records). There were a further four species, which could not be identified authoritatively to species level. A list of all species of Ephydridae recorded from Saudi Arabia is appended. Images of thirty-two species are presented. The species recorded in this study are more Palaearctic in origin as compared to other regions. Biological information (where known) and world-wide distribution are included. This study has added new records to the Saudi Arabian checklist of Ephydridae, which will provide the basis for systematic studies and fauna analyses of future work on the family. The need for further field and laboratory work and surveillance is highlighted.
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ZAIN, MOHAMED, NORIZAN KASSIM, and NASSER KADASAH. "ISN’T IT NOW A CRUCIAL TIME FOR SAUDI ARABIAN FIRMS TO BE MORE INNOVATIVE AND COMPETITIVE?" International Journal of Innovation Management 21, no. 03 (March 24, 2017): 1750021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919617500219.
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We investigate the influence of innovations, creative organisational climate and culture on competitiveness and performance of firms. Data came from a survey of 135 Saudi Arabian executives. Findings indicate that incremental innovations directly influence the performance of Saudi Arabian firms. We found significant influence of firms’ working environment on their competitiveness, which in turn directly influences their performance. The overall results of this study point to the need of firms in Saudi Arabia to improve their innovativeness, competitiveness, and performance in the light of the recent drop in oil prices that has resulted in drastic reduction in the country’s revenues.
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Hassounah, Marwah M., Abdulmohsen H. Al-Zalabani, Mohammed D. AlAhmari, Afraa A. Murriky, Anwar M. Makeen, and Abdullah M. M. Alanazi. "Implementation of Cigarette Plain Packaging: Triadic Reactions of Consumers, State Officials, and Tobacco Companies—The Case of Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 13, 2020): 2668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082668.
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Objectives: In August 2019, Saudi Arabia started implementing plain packaging for cigarettes. Three months later, an opposing campaign on twitter using an Arabic hashtag “the new smoke” gained momentum amongst smokers. The purpose of this study is to document this opposing campaign’s timeline and describe consumers, government, and tobacco industry rhetoric. Methods: We created a timeline of the campaign events then performed online social listening of Arabic twitter hashtags related to the campaign. Results: Campaigners mainly complained of an unfavorable new taste in cigarette packs with plain packaging. The messaging developed to accusations to government entities and neighboring countries, and then after threats to boycott tobacco companies. The campaign received a significant amount of media coverage and elicited an official response from a number of Saudi government bodies, such as the Saudi Food and Drug Authority and Ministry of Commerce and Investment. Conclusion: This case points at a need for risk communication training, possible tobacco industry manipulation, and a need to gain consumer trust with evidence-based messaging techniques. The case of cigarette plain packaging adoption in Saudi Arabia serves as an example to other countries of potential consumer interaction, tobacco industry interference, and state official counter-reactions.
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Allmnakrah, Alhasan, and Colin Evers. "The need for a fundamental shift in the Saudi education system: Implementing the Saudi Arabian economic vision 2030." Research in Education 106, no. 1 (May 22, 2019): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034523719851534.
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To put Saudi's Economic Vision 2030 (or Vision 2030) into practice, Saudi Arabia has to reform its education system. To this end, King Abdullah's Education Development Project (hereafter the Tatweer project (Note: Tatweer, as it is known in Arabic)) of 2007–2013 has mandated an educational reform package, which focuses on a broad range of improvements, including enhancing schools' teaching methods and strategies. Hence, this paper argues that to diversify its economy and income away from a strictly oil-producing export country, Saudi Arabia requires an educated citizenry, trained in several disciplines, and students who have the necessary skills for progressing toward a knowledge-based economy. To achieve this, in-service and preservice teachers need to be trained in innovative ways, including listening to their voices and assessing what Saudi teachers require in order to play a positive role in contributing to the achievement the goals outlined in the Vision 2030. This research paper, hence, aims to shed some light into the implantation of Saudi 2030 vision and its direct link to in-service and preservice teachers who must be equipped with the right necessary critical teaching tools. The paper sees teacher voices, teacher training, and the development of strategies such as critical thinking as being essential for future success toward a shift in the Saudi education system vis-à-vis Saudi 2030 vision.
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Ali, Anis. "Governance of public spending avenues by oil prices, oil revenues, and GDP in Saudi Arabia: proportionate sensitivity and trend analysis." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 17, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.17(4).2020.15.
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Saudi Arabia is a petroleum resource-rich country, and half of the GDP of Saudi Arabia is based on the Oil Sector Revenue (OSR). The OSR is governed by the Oil Prices (OP), while GDP is also affected by the OSR in petroleum exporting companies. The volatility of OP governs the OSR and GDP positively and perfectly as the oil sector contributes approximately half of the GDP of Saudi Arabia. The study analyzes the governance of the Public Spending Avenues (PSA) by the OP, OSR, and GDP in the long and short run and based on the secondary data taken from the website of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA). Coefficient of Variations (CV), Chain-based Index (CBI) numbers, Fixed-based Index (FBI) numbers, and Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) of OP and other dependent variables calculated to get the normality, sensitivity, trend, and significance difference among the sensitivity and trend of variables, while Pearson’s correlations establish the cause-effect relationship among the variables. The study reveals that oil price volatility does not affect the OSR, GDP, and ultimately public spending in the long run. However, there is governance of volatility of OP that can be seen on OSR, GDP, and ultimately on PSA in the short run. Saudi Arabian government enhances its spending on PSA and especially on education while lowering the OP. There is a need to diversify the income resources to minimize the reliability of oil prices and budget deficit and consider the sensitivity of oil prices on the economy by the policymakers to formulate the policies to minimize the impact of volatility of OP on the economy. AcknowledgmentThe author would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.  
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Albagawi, Bander S., and Linda K. Jones. "Quantitative exploration of the barriers and facilitators to nurse-patient communication in Saudia Arabia." Journal of Hospital Administration 6, no. 1 (December 7, 2016): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v6n1p16.
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Nurses with effective communication skills play a critical role in minimising the stress associated with hospitalisation for both patients and their families. Effective communication has become increasingly reported as a key component in effective health care outcomes, which is even more crucial in countries such as Saudi Arabia with a large foreign healthcare workforce. The presence of a large expatriate workforce with a different language from the host society and the ensuing complexity of sociocultural linguistic and heath beliefs systems has been poorly researched. This study aimed to investigate barriers and facilitators of nurse-patient communication in Saudi Arabia using the Nurses’ Self-Administered Communication Survey. The survey was distributed to a random sample of 291 nurses working in medical and surgical departments at five hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The results indicate that the Philippine and Saudi Arabian nurses perceived greater barriers to communication with respect to personal/social characteristics, job specifications and environmental factors then nurses of other nationalities. In addition, nurses with shorter experience in Saudi Arabia perceived greater barriers to communication with respect to the clinical situation of patient and environmental factors than the nurses with longer experience. Lastly, nurses who had not attended specialist courses on communication skills acquisition perceived greater barriers to communication with respect to personal characteristics and job specifications than nurses who had attended such courses. This study highlights the need to better prepare expatriate nurses before they enter the workforce in Saudi Arabia on cultural competence and language skills.
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Alsulami, Sumayyah Qaed. "Partial Immersion Program for Saudi Bilinguals." English Language Teaching 10, no. 2 (January 21, 2017): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n2p150.
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English is taught as a foreign language in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Although the government tries gradually to integrate teaching English in all grades: secondary, intermediate and elementary, learning English is still limited and need more developing. This essay is a brief review about bilingualism in Saudi education. This essay will be divided into three sections. The first section will describe the Saudi bilingual context through three dimensions: language competence, late bilingualism, and individual bilingualism. The following section will define bilingualism with regard to the Saudi context. The last section will discuss the appropriate educational program for Saudi bilinguals and the implications of this educational program incorporating Arabic and English.
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Hammad, Sama S., and Diane C. Berry. "The Child Obesity Epidemic in Saudi Arabia: A Review of the Literature." Journal of Transcultural Nursing 28, no. 5 (September 21, 2016): 505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659616668398.
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Purpose: To examine prevalence, nutrition and activity, and overweight and obesity prevention and management in Saudi Arabia. Design: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis criteria, PubMed, Web of Science, PyschINFO, Global Health, Family Studies Worldwide, Middle Eastern Studies, and Sociological Abstracts was searched from January 1, 2003 to January 31, 2016. Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed articles published in Arabic and English that focused on prevalence, overweight or obesity in children 2 to 20 years of age, body mass index percentile, and interventions. Findings: Three themes were identified: epidemiological features, where the eastern region had the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity, risk factors, which included higher parental education, and lifestyle factors, which included increased consumption of calorie-dense food and a sedentary lifestyle. Conclusion: Childhood obesity is increasing in Saudi Arabia at an alarming rate. Implications for Practice: Practitioners need to consider the cultural influences of the increasing obesity epidemic in Saudi Arabia.
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Al-Tayib, Omar. "An Overview of the Most Significant Zoonotic Viral Pathogens Transmitted from Animal to Human in Saudi Arabia." Pathogens 8, no. 1 (February 22, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8010025.
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Currently, there has been an increasing socioeconomic impact of zoonotic pathogens transmitted from animals to humans worldwide. Recently, in the Arabian Peninsula, including in Saudi Arabia, epidemiological data indicated an actual increase in the number of emerging and/or reemerging cases of several viral zoonotic diseases. Data presented in this review are very relevant because Saudi Arabia is considered the largest country in the Peninsula. We believe that zoonotic pathogens in Saudi Arabia remain an important public health problem; however, more than 10 million Muslim pilgrims from around 184 Islamic countries arrive yearly at Makkah for the Hajj season and/or for the Umrah. Therefore, for health reasons, several countries recommend vaccinations for various zoonotic diseases among preventive protocols that should be complied with before traveling to Saudi Arabia. However, there is a shortage of epidemiological data focusing on the emerging and reemerging of zoonotic pathogens transmitted from animal to humans in different densely populated cities and/or localities in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, further efforts might be needed to control the increasing impacts of zoonotic viral disease. Also, there is a need for a high collaboration to enhance the detection and determination of the prevalence, diagnosis, control, and prevention as well as intervention and reduction in outbreaks of these diseases in Saudi Arabia, particularly those from other countries. Persons in the health field including physicians and veterinarians, pet owners, pet store owners, exporters, border guards, and people involved in businesses related to animal products have adopted various preventive strategies. Some of these measures might pave the way to highly successful prevention and control results on the different transmission routes of these viral zoonotic diseases from or to Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the prevention of these viral pathogens depends on socioeconomic impacts, available data, improved diagnosis, and highly effective therapeutics or prophylaxis.
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King, Norman Adamson Sigalla. "Non-renewable Resources and the Intergenerational Equity Problem in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Global Sustainability 1, no. 1 (September 20, 2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijgs.v1i1.11800.
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This study examines the intergenerational equity problem of Saudi Arabia, a country that is highly dependent on oil, a non-renewable resource, for most of her income. The first part which is introductory covers the definition of the main concepts, the importance of energy and the Saudi Arabian economic trend. The second part covers oil production and the alternative and future strategies. The paper has articulated documentation as the major source of information, while maintaining review through thinking holistically as the drive to making analyses of the discussion. It is a case study design as it focuses on Saudi Arabia. The third part of the paper discusses the challenges to models, alternatives, and the impact of future price of oil. The paper concludes that managing an economy which has the strength of nonrenewable resource such as oil, need highly adept understanding of resource management while containing other industrial products to support the economy.
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Ibrahim, Mohammad A., and Mohammad NS Kordy. "End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in Saudi Arabia." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 6, no. 3 (July 1992): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053959200600304.
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Information was collected on patients with End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD) receiving maintenance dialysis in all of the dialysis facilities in Saudi Arabia. Similar information was also collected from the Saudi Arabian government-sponsored patients with ESRD in the United States between December 1985 to March 1986. As of March 31, 1986, 806 Saudi patients were on maintenance hemodialysis and 16 on peritoneal dialysis in hospital-based dialysis facilities in Saudi Arabia. The prevalence rate of ESRD was 139/million at the completion of the study. The rates increased with age and were similar when compared on a regional basis, but were higher in the rural areas for both sexes in all regions except the Southern Region. Here, the prevalence rates for the female urban residents were higher than for female rural residents. Although primary health care services are available in rural areas, a delay was noted in seeking medical care. This was attributed to the possible lack of health education, knowledge of the disease and information on the availability of the health services. Upon completion of this study, it was concluded that a need exists for further research in all aspects to delineate the role of the various factors that affect ESRD in Saudi Arabia, with the universal goal of preventing development of the disease in the population.
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Elamin, Abdallah M., and Hayfaa A. Tlaiss. "Exploring the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and organizational justice in the Islamic Saudi Arabian context." Employee Relations 37, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 2–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-03-2014-0033.
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Purpose – Cross-cultural studies suggest that while organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and organizational justice have received considerable attention in Anglo-Saxon contexts, the same cannot be claimed in non-Western, Arab Middle Eastern contexts. The purpose of this paper is to attend to this knowledge gap by exploring OCB in the context of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and its relationship with organizational justice. Design/methodology/approach – In cognizance of the extant literature, the study explores the perceptions of Saudi Arabian managers of the five conceptually different dimensions of citizenship behaviour – conscientiousness, sportsmanship, civic virtue, courtesy, and altruism. It also explores their perceptions of distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice. In addition, the current study investigates the relationship between organizational justice and OCB. Using the survey questionnaire method, data was collected from more than 250 Saudi managers at different levels of the managerial hierarchy and working in a wide range of organizations and industries. Findings – The results indicate that Saudi Arabian managers reported exhibiting OCB at work. They also suggest the salience of various forms of organizational justice in Saudi Arabian organizations as motivated by Arab cultural values and Islamic teachings. In regards to the relationship between the two constructs, our results indicate that interactional justice is most frequently associated with various dimensions of OCB for various reasons, including the emphasis that Islam and Islamic teachings give to demonstrating respect and courtesy in dealings with others. Originality/value – The literature on OCB and organizational justice is thin in the Arab world. With that in mind, the current study is the first to explore OCB in Saudi Arabia. It is also the first to investigate the relationship between citizenship behavior and justice in Saudi organizations. The findings of this study highlight the need for academics and human resource experts to account for the role of socio-cultural factors and Islam when examining these constructs in the Arab world. The implications of the findings for academics and practitioners are discussed.
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Abdullah, Rana, and Bahjat Fakieh. "Health Care Employees’ Perceptions of the Use of Artificial Intelligence Applications: Survey Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): e17620. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17620.
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Background The advancement of health care information technology and the emergence of artificial intelligence has yielded tools to improve the quality of various health care processes. Few studies have investigated employee perceptions of artificial intelligence implementation in Saudi Arabia and the Arabian world. In addition, limited studies investigated the effect of employee knowledge and job title on the perception of artificial intelligence implementation in the workplace. Objective The aim of this study was to explore health care employee perceptions and attitudes toward the implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in health care institutions in Saudi Arabia. Methods An online questionnaire was published, and responses were collected from 250 employees, including doctors, nurses, and technicians at 4 of the largest hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results The results of this study showed that 3.11 of 4 respondents feared artificial intelligence would replace employees and had a general lack of knowledge regarding artificial intelligence. In addition, most respondents were unaware of the advantages and most common challenges to artificial intelligence applications in the health sector, indicating a need for training. The results also showed that technicians were the most frequently impacted by artificial intelligence applications due to the nature of their jobs, which do not require much direct human interaction. Conclusions The Saudi health care sector presents an advantageous market potential that should be attractive to researchers and developers of artificial intelligence solutions.
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Ansari, Mohammad Javed, Ahmad Al-Ghamdi, Adgaba Nuru, Ashraf Mohamed Ahmed, Tahany H. Ayaad, Khalid Ali Khan, and Noori Al-Waili. "Diagnosis and molecular detection of Paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of American foulbrood in honey bees in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 37, no. 03 (June 30, 2017): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758417000133.
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AbstractApis mellifera jemenitica, the only indigenous honey bee race of Saudi Arabia, is well adapted to the harsh local environmental conditions. A large-scale field survey was conducted to screen major Saudi Arabian beekeeping locations for infection byPaenibacillus larvae. Paenibacillus larvaeis one of the major bacterial pathogens of honey bee broods and is the causative agent of American foulbrood disease. Larvae from samples suspected of infection were collected from different apiaries and homogenized in phosphate-buffered saline. Bacteria were isolated on MYPGP agar medium. Two bacterial isolates, ksuPL3 and ksuPL5 (16S rRNA GenBank accession numbers, KR780760 and KR780761, respectively), were subjected to molecular identification usingP. larvae-specific primers. A BLAST sequence analysis revealed that the two isolates wereP. larvaewith more than 98% sequence identity. This detection ofP. larvaein the indigenous honey bee is the first recorded incidence of this pathogen in Saudi Arabia. This study emphasizes the need for the relevant authorities to take immediate steps towards treating and limiting the spread of this disease throughout the country.
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Marazeeq, Jihad Al, and Subhieya Abu Hatab. "Intermediate Students’ Arabic Writing Ability: An Exploratory Study in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of English Linguistics 11, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v11n2p101.
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This research investigates students’ ability in writing skill in the intermediate stage during the academic year 2018/2019. The research followed the analytical descriptive approach in which a test was given to a sample of (300) students in the middle stage in Arar city in Saudi Arabia. The results showed there were no statistically significant differences in students’ ability level in writing skills according to gender variable. The results revealed that there were statistically significant differences in the students’ ability level in writing skills according to the grade variable in favor of the third-grade average. The researchers recommended the need to increase the Arabic language teachers’ awareness of the importance to develop some writing skills such as writing Hamza (a glottal stop) and writing Nunation.
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Kassim, Norizan, Naima Bogari, Najah Salamah, and Mohamed Zain. "The relationships between collective-oriented values and materialism, product status signaling and product satisfaction." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 28, no. 5 (November 14, 2016): 807–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-01-2016-0009.
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Purpose Prior research has found that consumers’ purchasing behavior varies amongst consumers of different cultures. The purpose of this paper is to examine the behavior of consumers of luxury products by investigating the relationships between their collective-oriented values (pertaining to religion, family, and community), and their materialism or materialistic orientation, resulting in them using such products to signal their social status to others, and whether they are getting satisfaction from using such products, in an effort to understand how the behaviors vary between Malaysian and Saudi Arabian consumers. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected by a questionnaire survey where 1,388 self-administered questionnaires were collected from Baby boomers, Generations X and Y respondents in two major cities: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The authors also assessed the structure and reliability of the constructs developed for this research as well as tested some hypotheses regarding their interrelationships, across the two different cities/cultures. Findings Findings demonstrate the complexity of cultures and lifestyles of consumers and societies. For Saudi consumers, their materialistic tendency is significantly influenced by their religious, family values (inverse relationship), and community values, whereas for the Malaysian consumers, this tendency was only significantly influenced by their family values. For the Saudis, there were strong positive relationships between materialistic values and product status signaling and between product status signaling and product satisfaction, whereas for the Malaysians, both relationships were also positive but only moderate in strength. Overall, the results show that the Malaysians were more materialistic than the Saudis. But, since the Saudis have higher income, they are in a better position to fulfill their materialistic desire than their Malaysian counterparts. Research limitations/implications The convenience sampling used for the study is the main limitation. Another limitation of this study is that it was done in only one major city in each of the two countries. Practical implications Consumers from the two cultures/cities do use luxury products to signal their status in the society, despite their different cultures and country income levels and that the consumption of those products gave both of them satisfaction. Hence, as a practical implication, international marketers of luxury products and services could and should continue to market their products and services in these two countries. However, they need to understand that the factors that influence the consumers’ materialism are different between the two cultures/cities and hence their marketing strategies need to take this into consideration. Originality/value All the issues discussed in this study have not been previously empirically investigated and compared in two different developing countries – Saudi Arabia, a mono-cultural and high-income country) and Malaysia (a multi-cultural and upper middle income country) despite their rapid growth rates and economic importance.
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د. محمود بن عبدالله المحمود, د. محمود بن عبدالله المحمود. "Associate professor of applied linguistics Applied Linguistics Dept., Arabic Linguistics Inst., King Saud University." journal of King Abdulaziz University Arts And Humanities 28, no. 13 (May 7, 2020): 199–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/art.28-13.7.
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In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the concern of the Arabic language is reflected in the Saudi language policy, which is displayed in all aspects of decisions, programs, projects and public life. The Kingdom’s development process has facilitated significant improvements at all levels, which enhances the need for continuous review of the language policy to ensure that it is achieving its goals. The current study seeks to discuss Saudi language policy in general, with a specific focus on Arabic language decisions, by utilizing an integrated approach, consisting of questionnaire and interview with a sample of administrative leaders in the Kingdom. The study seeks to discuss the ideology underlying Saudi language policy, as well as views on its nature, effectiveness, impact and implementation challenges; it also proposes a framework to build a Saudi language policy aimed at preserving previous achievements and achieving future aspirations. The study demonstrates the existence of social, cultural and linguistic ideologies that support the policies related to the Arabic language, such as considering it as a basic component of the political entity, a major part of the national identity; it also identifies concern for Arabic in the linguistic landscape, along with its centrality in the educational system, and the keenness of linguistic purification. The results also showed the participants’ agreement on the clarity of the decisions on language, as well as its comprehensiveness, need for development, and the extent to which individuals and institutions exhibit a weak awareness of it. Also, it reveals the existence of some problems that prevent its implementation, which are related to the decisions themselves, the procedural processes, or the administrative institutions. The study also provides suggested methodological recommendations to build the desired language policy, which proceeds from a research base and builds on current achievements.
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Al-Rojaie, Yousef. "Mapping perceptions of linguistic variation in Qassim, Saudi Arabia, using GIS technology." Journal of Linguistic Geography 8, no. 1 (April 2020): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlg.2020.3.
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AbstractThis study explores perceptions held by speakers of Qassimi Arabic (a variety of Najdi Arabic, spoken in central Saudi Arabia) about linguistic variation in their own dialect, and the sociocultural evaluations associated with their perceptions. Drawing on perceptual dialectology research methods, respondents completed the draw-a-map and labeling tasks. The maps were collected and then analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping software to aggregate, query, and create a composite heat map. Findings indicate that Qassimi speakers perceive regional variation to be associated with urban centers, particularly Buraydah and Unayzah, which were identified as the most salient dialect areas. Analysis of the labeled maps generated six categories of evaluative comments: drawl, influences from other regional dialects, heavy accent, old vocabulary, fast, and affrication. These findings point to the need for further exploration of the underlying ideologies and social values that Arabic speakers have about their own dialects and other dialects in Arabic-speaking communities.
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Alsaawi, Ali. "Translanguaging in the Case of Bilingual University Students." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 6 (October 28, 2019): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n6p281.
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According to Garcia (2009), translanguaging is “… the act performed by bilinguals of accessing different linguistic features or various modes of what are described as autonomous languages, in order to maximize communicative potential” (p. 140). Therefore, it is more about communication than language use. Bilinguals tend to employ their linguistic repertoire as an integrated communication system. In the context of this study, senior university bilingual students majoring in business in Saudi Arabia are usually competent in their mother tongue (Arabic) and in their additional language (English) due to the nature of business. They are keen to maintain their ability in English as far as possible as they consider themselves “long-term English learners”. Today, Saudi Arabia is increasingly building bridges to the outside world and clearly proficiency in English is one such bridge, allowing Saudi Arabia to integrate with English-speaking countries. Stakeholders in Saudi Arabia are now seeking English-proficient applicants for jobs, regardless of their speciality, more so than previously. This has become the norm in both the public and private sectors. However, bilingual university students majoring in business still tend to employ their mother tongue regardless of their proficiency in English. This may indicate their views and feelings with regard to the need to be bilingual in any future work context. This study focuses on senior business students at Majmaah University. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the students (n=14) and their instructor (n=1). This paper reports on the students’ attitudes towards bilingual activities, specifically task-related discussions, and the impact on their communicative repertoire from their perspective.
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Tekian, Ara, and Adnan A. Almazrooa. "Does Saudi Arabia need an Abraham Flexner?" Medical Teacher 33, no. 1 (December 23, 2010): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/0142159x.2010.528475.
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Odrowąż-Coates, Anna. "Cultural Conditioning of the Labour Market in Saudi Arabia." Politeja 12, no. 8 (31/2) (December 31, 2015): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.12.2015.31_2.12.
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The present work concerns an anthropological outlook on the political consequences of corporate and economic migration to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and labour market segregation. The complexity of cultural codes and the clash of customs are discussed in the paper, which is based on a two‑year period of sociological field research conducted in the KSA by the author. The ethnographic materials are enriched by discourse from daily Saudi papers and other international publications. The study contains an insight into race and ethnicity as seen by Saudis themselves and also allows a deeper understanding of the power distribution in this particular modern Islamic society. In the climate of the European economic crisis, the sustained demand for highly qualified migrant workers in the KSA provides a lucrative alternative for specialists across market sectors and this often involves their families. In light of the globalised market, many corporations run multi‑billion dollar contracts inside the Kingdom and relocate their own work force to achieve business goals. The need for specialists and for cheap manual labour from abroad is a direct result of the Saudi education system, together with the work ethic amongst the majority of Saudi nationals, which is heavily influenced by the cultural and sociological consequences of the Wahhabi interpretation of the Quran. This interpretation has a major impact on Saudi society and on migrants, particularly women. The social order is widely supported and successfully reproduced through a united message present in education, the national media and local mosques. Concerns over ethnic divisions are focused on conflicting ideologies, represented in the interactions between newcomers and the indigenous population.
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Khan, Dr Waquar Ahmad. "Use of Bilingualism in Teaching EFL in the Branches of Taibah University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Studies in English Language Teaching 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): p358. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/selt.v7n3p358.
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Inequality has many faces. Giving recognition to a single language variety as standard creates a cadre of people who gain from the acquisition processing, storage, transmission, retrieval and other manipulations of language through various controls. The global shift towards the realization of effective communication in English and the need to empower prospective participants of the opportunities in the world marketplace and in the academic arena to make knowledge of English a prerequisite tool. To satisfy the increasing demand, qualified personnel in EFL pedagogy becomes essential in helping aspirant learners achieve their goal—linguistic competency and proficiency for better learning and professionalism across the world. The issue of bilingual education in EFL teaching in universities in Saudi Arabia has increasingly become a challenge. This study presents the perception of thirty-two male and female teachers selected from personnel engaged in teaching English language in Al Ula, Yanbu and Al Mahad Campuses of Taibah University, Madinah. The curriculum design process in Saudi Arabia managed by educational policies can take into consideration several important factors such as interests, motivations, and aspirations of the people in the Saudi Arabian societies.
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EL-HAWAGRY, MAGDI S., MAHMOUD S. ABDEL-DAYEM, and HATHAL M. AL DHAFER. "On the taxonomy of the genus Thyridanthrax Osten Sacken in Egypt and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with description of a new species (Diptera: Bombyliidae)." Zootaxa 4701, no. 6 (December 3, 2019): 501–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4701.6.1.
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Egyptian and Saudi Arabian Thyridanthrax spp. collected in field trips or preserved in the Efflatoun’s insect collection in Cairo University were taxonomically studied. One new species, T. elegansoides sp. nov., is herein described, and two species, T. decipulus (Austen) and T. polyphemus (Wiedemann), are newly recorded from Egypt. Ten species are treated: one species from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, T. anomalus Greathead; two species from Egypt and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, T. decipulus (Austen) and T. perspicillaris (Loew); and seven species from Egypt: T. elegans (Wiedemann), T. elegansoides sp. nov., T. griseolus (Klug), T. incanus (Klug), T. lotus (Loew), T. obliteratus (Loew), and T. polyphemus (Wiedemann). Taxonomic comments, an identification key to species, diagnoses, and photographs of some species and genitalia are provided. Based on wing morphology and male genitalic characters, T. lotus clearly does not fit in the genus Thyridanthrax, and may need to be placed elsewhere, nevertheless it is not clear whether it can be included in any of the other currently recognized genera in the tribe Villini. It is here kept in Thyridanthrax until a more rigorous study can be conducted to better ascertain its position in the Villini.
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Abdur Rehman, Mohsin, Sadaf Khan, Ismah Osman, Khurram Aziz, and Ghazal Shams. "Revisiting the corporate image through service quality and relationship marketing: an empirical evidence from Malaysian and Saudi Arabian Takaful customers." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 12, no. 6 (August 3, 2021): 849–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-05-2020-0140.
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Purpose This study aims to test a proposed model based on a combination of the relationship marketing and service quality dimensions as predictors of corporate image and customer loyalty via corporate reputation in the Takaful context. More importantly, this study compares the Takaful operators’ services with the perceived service quality and the relationship marketing from the Malaysian and Saudi Arabian customers’ viewpoint. Design/methodology/approach A survey-based study was conducted through a questionnaire, and the data was collected from Takaful customers (362 Saudi Arabian and 350 Malaysian customers) through an online survey. Structural equation modelling is used to test the proposed model. Besides, the perception of Takaful customers between Saudi Arabia and Malaysia is compared through a multi-group analysis. Findings The results from the Malaysian context reveal that positive perceptions of service quality PAKSERV dimensions (personalization, reliability and tangibility) and positive perceptions of relationship marketing dimensions (Islamic ethical behaviour and structural bonds) have a significant influence on the corporate image. Alternatively, in the Saudi Arabian context, results have shown that the positive perceptions of service quality PAKSERV dimensions (assurance and reliability) of service quality and the positive perceptions of the relationship marketing dimensions (Islamic ethical behaviour, structural bonds and financial bonds) have a significant influence on the corporate image. The differences in both countries’ results can also enhance the corporate image on corporate reputation, merely in Malaysia. By contrast, corporate reputation is deemed a significant predictor of customer loyalty, represented as valid for both contexts. Research limitations/implications The proposed research model tested in Takaful Malaysian and Saudi Arabian can be replicated in other contexts – in terms of country and industry. Moreover, the current study reveals the crucial role of corporate image in forming corporate reputation. Future research could be focussed on the importance of other emotional or affective variables that may be involved in determining corporate reputation. Finally, future studies can be carried with another cultural perspective to have more diversified socio-economic implications. Practical implications It is suggested that Takaful operators from both Malaysia and Saudi Arabia need to put maximum effort towards customer loyalty by bringing both the dimensions of service quality and the relationship marketing in compliance with the principles of Islamic business transaction. The findings of the specific dimensions of service quality and relationship marketing will contribute to customers’ perceptions of corporate image and reputation in the Takaful industry. Originality/value The present study tested a blended facet of customer’s overall experience through service quality (PAKSERV) and customer service provider connectivity (relationship marketing) to predict the corporate image of the highly growing financial marketplace (Takaful). Contextually, this study contributes to delineating the factors (corporate reputation) affecting customer loyalty rather than a customer satisfaction tradition. Significantly, Saudi Arabia and Malaysia were chosen for this study, as they are currently the two fast-growing markets for Islamic financial services, especially with regards to the Takaful products and offerings.
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Alsubaie, Abdullah, and Godfrey Isouard. "Job Satisfaction and Retention of Nursing Staff in Saudi Hospitals." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 14, no. 2 (July 22, 2019): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v14i2.215.
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The objective of this study is to investigate job satisfaction amongst nurses in Saudi Arabian hospitals. In recent years, there has been considerable growth in the healthcare system in Saudi Arabia, yet little attention has been paid to improving the performance of healthcare professionals, by improving job satisfaction and retention of nursing staff. This paper reviews the research conducted on job satisfaction, and retention of Saudi nursing staff. This is an integrative review of previous studies on job satisfaction and retention of Saudi nursing staff. The electronic databases Google Scholar, CINAHL, PubMed, and Global Health were used to identify peer-reviewed literature published between 2009 and 2018. The literature review showed that the majority of nurses were satisfied in their job. However, there was a shortage of research in retention of nurses. The evidence from this study suggests that the hospitals need to ensure high level of job satisfaction and decent wages of nurses for maximum retention of nurses.
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Bander Sayaf, Alshahrani. "Measuring Job Satisfaction Patterns in Saudi Arabia’s Southern Regions Hospitals: Implications for Hospital Staff Retention." International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration 1, no. 3 (2015): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.13.1003.
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Saudi Arabia Southern Region hospitals have shortage of health professionals especially doctors. Retention of quality doctors and minimizing staff turnover has, therefore, become a major priority for hospitals. Job satisfaction is recognized as key factor influencing retention of doctors. In our paper special emphasis is put on doctors working is Southern Region hospitals of Saudi Arabia. By conducting correlation analysis we determine the most important factors conducive to job satisfaction. Results of the study indicate that opportunities for promotion have a strong link with job satisfaction, whereas relations with co-workers and attitude toward supervisor exhibited a moderately strong relationship with job satisfaction. The factors of nature of the work, compensations and benefits lack a significant link to overall job satisfaction. The findings imply that the health care service managers need to pay closer attention to the needs of their human resources, especially doctors, in order to not only minimize the doctors turnover but also to improve the organizations’ performance. Additionally, introducing turnover risk programs as well as employee satisfaction programs within the hospital’s management schemes have become a must. Saudi Arabian hospitals, especially those in the Southern Region, can make use of retention strategies to annihilate the unbalance caused by the doctors’ high turnover.
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Alatawi, S. S. T., S. Miskon, N. S. Abdullah, F. Ghabban, F. Saeed, I. Alfadli, and O. Ameerbakhsh. "A New Model for Enhancing Student Portal Usage in Saudi Arabia Universities." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 11, no. 3 (June 12, 2021): 7158–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4132.
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Portals are gateways that provide users with the information they need from different sources and display it on a single page. It is important to see that universities utilize the resources and services provided by their student portals. With the rapid development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia aims to develop and improve student portals by providing high-quality teaching services through the university portal systems. This paper discusses the importance of student portal usage in Saudi Arabian universities and investigates the factors that influence the utilization of student portals as perceived by the students of the Saudi universities. Based on these factors, a model is proposed which identifies students’ expectations about the Saudi university portals. A quantitative methodology was employed to develop the model. The results revealed that 8 out of 10 factors of the model are significant and positively affect student portal usage. The enhancement of student portals based on the identified significant factors will assist the universities to increase their utilization and their provided services.
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Foley, Sean. "“The Distant Early Warning System”: The Online Public Sphere and the Contemporary Artistic Movement in Saudi Arabia." Review of Middle East Studies 53, no. 2 (November 27, 2019): 221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2019.43.
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Abstract“Social media,” Saudi artist Abdullah al-Shehri (known as Shaweesh) observes, is the “best tool we have available to showcase and express our art,” because it allows millions of Saudis to share and comment on a given work of art simultaneously. Building on this insight, this essay argues that Saudi artists, who have among the largest followings on the country's social media, have used the online public sphere to build a new social movement. They have adopted a role akin to Antonio Gramsci's concept of organic intellectuals – namely, men and women who are not part of the traditional intellectual elite, but who, through the language of culture, articulate feelings and experiences the masses cannot easily express. To paraphrase Ezra Pound, Saudi artists are the “antennae” of the kingdom's society, whose work is not “mere self-expression,” but, in the words of Marshall McLuhan, the “distant early warning system that can always be relied upon to tell the old culture what is beginning to happen to it.” As a leading Saudi artist Abdulnasser Gharem observed in June 2019, “people need to listen to the artist.”
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Abdulrahman, Khalid Bin. "Saudi Arabia does not need an Abraham Flexner." Medical Teacher 33, no. 1 (December 23, 2010): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/0142159x.2011.539643.
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Alsaawi, Ali. "Plurilingualism and monolingualism in foreign language classrooms: The perspective of EFL teachers in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Language and Cultural Education 8, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jolace-2020-0002.
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Abstract The idea of teaching a target language via a monolingual medium of instruction in the classroom has long predominated in the pedagogical context. In Saudi Arabia, excluding the students’ mother tongue (Arabic) in the foreign language classroom has been seen as a tool that accelerates the acquisition of the target language (English). This is widely viewed as the most practical and effective method of language learning, especially in the Gulf region, where English is a foreign language employed in the fields of economics and business. The recent academic argument that exploiting the students’ linguistic repertoire, including the mother tongue, in the target language classroom boosts and fosters the students’ learning cycle is still encountering huge resistance, especially among second/foreign language teachers. To explore this dispute from the perspective of English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers in intermediate and secondary schools, a case study was conducted with 34 teachers in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia, through questionnaires and a focus group interview. The study found that most teachers believe that the policy of using the target language (English) only is the most effective method of language learning. They employed the students’ mother tongue (Arabic) on an ad hoc basis to ensure complete comprehension, organize classroom tasks or convey personal remarks. In addition, the study revealed that teachers’ understanding of plurilingualism was unclear and limited to the verbal use of two languages, and that EFL teachers need more clarification on its application in the classroom.
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Shamrani, Hanan M., Arwa F. Shamrani, Abdulrahman E. Alsaggaf, Mohammad I. Khojah, Maram M. Alafif, Safwan O. Tayeb, Yousef A. Qari, and Steve M. Harakeh. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Women in Jeddah Towards the Use of Oral Contraceptive Pills." Saudi Journal of Internal Medicine 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32790/sjim.2017.7.2.2.
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Objective (Background): The use of oral contraceptive pill is considered an acceptable practice worldwide. Socio-demographic patterns in Saudi Arabia are rapidly changing with time. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice among women in Jeddah towards the use of oral contraceptive pills.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire as a tool for data collection.
Results: The study was conducted in Jeddah city in the Western region of Saudi Arabia between 2014-2015, 913 women were approached and 40 refused to participate (4.378% refusal rate). Out of those 873 who agreed to participate, 713 responded correctly and were included (78.09% response rate). Participants were grouped into six categories based on their age. The majority of the women polled were Saudis (71.4%). There was a positive correlation between the attitude of women towards the use of oral contraceptive pill and age (P-value < 0.001). Similar correlation was true also in the case of knowledge and the level of education towards the use of oral contraceptive pills. There was a significant correlation between marital status towards oral contraceptive pill use (P-value <0.001).
Conclusions: This study should be extended to other regions of the kingdom. The results emphasize the need for women in Jeddah city as well as the rest of Saudi Arabia to be better educated, aware and informed about the different contraceptive methods available in order for them to make the right decision regarding the method they like to choose for birth control.
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A Kumosani, Taha, Abdulrahman L Al-Malki, Syed S Razvi, Maha J Balgoon, Mohammed Kaleem, Etimad A Huwait, Maryam A Alghamdi, et al. "Hemorrhagic fever in Saudi Arabia: challenge to public health, effective management and future considerations." African Health Sciences 20, no. 3 (October 7, 2020): 1153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i3.17.
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Background: Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF) refers to a group of febrile illnesses caused by different viruses that result in high mortality in animals and humans. Many risk factors like increased human-animal interactions, climate change, increased mobility of people and limited diagnostic facility have contributed to the rapid spread of VHF.
Materials: The history of VHFs in the Saudi Arabian Peninsula has been documented since the 19th century, in which many outbreaks have been reported from the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. Despite presence of regional network of experts and technical organizations, which expedite support and respond during outbreaks, there are some more challenges that need to be addressed immediately. Gaps in funding, exhaustive and inclusive response plans and improved surveillance systems are some areas of concern in the region which can be dealt productively. This review primarily focusses on the hem- orrhagic fevers that are caused by three most common viruses namely, the Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus, Rift valley fever virus, and Dengue fever virus.
Conclusion: In summary, effective vector control, health education, possible use of vaccine and concerted synchronized efforts between different government organizations and private research institutions will help in planning effective out- break-prevention and response strategies in future.
Keywords: Viral fever; hemorrhagic fever (VHF); Saudi Arabia; challenges; management; future considerations.
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Ahmed, Elawad Yagoub. "Using Arabic in Teaching English to Arabic-Speaking Learners (From Teachers’ and Students’ Point of View)." Education and Linguistics Research 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/elr.v6i1.16424.
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The aim of this study was to investigate and analyse teachers’ and students’ views towards using Arabic in teaching English in secondary schools in Oneizah Province, Saudi Arabia. The data were collected by means of two questionnaires: one for teachers and the other for students. The subjects were 43 teachers of English, 12 were female. 120 male students from four different secondary schools in Oneizah. The results of the study showed that Arabic language (The students’ mother tongue) could be used during English language lessons although teachers’ responses gave less support for using Arabic. Also, the results revealed that Arabic has positive roles to play in teaching English besides facilitating learning process. The recommendations emphasize and encourage teachers and supervisors to pay attention to their learners need in using their mother tongue. Moreover, Arabic language can be a means of facilitation not a hindrance so it can be used in many activities inside the classroom without affecting students’ exposure to English language. Also, there should be a place for learners’ mother tongue in the syllabus, e.g. in translation exercises and bilingual dictionaries.
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Al - Fawadi, Rahim Ali. "Possibilities of strategic relations between Russia and Saudi Arabia." Tikrit Journal For Political Science 3, no. 10 (February 24, 2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/poltic.v3i10.29.
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The active foreign policy of the Russian Federation is multilateral, which dictates the need to build close relations with the strategy of influential regional players. Establishing partnership with Saudi Arabia is Russia's full mission. Saudi Arabia is the leader of the Gulf Cooperation Council and an important player alongside Russia in the oil market. The changes in the region that are transforming the world, as well as Saudi Arabia's announcement of the 2016 forgetfulness of the socio-economic transformation approach (Saudi Arabia's 2030 vision) open up new possibilities for the two countries.
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Ali, Anis. "Industrial development in Saudi Arabia: disparity in growth and development." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 2 (April 23, 2020): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(2).2020.03.
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Industrial development in any nation plays a vital role in the strengthening of the economy and employs human resources as per specifications and directly towards the mainstream of the nation. In Saudi Arabia, there was rapid industrialization for four decades. Some manufacturing industries performed well, while some internal and external business environment factors influenced the others’ performance. The study focuses on historical development, as well as recent trends of well-performing and poor-performing industries of Saudi Arabia. Small manufacturing industries in Saudi Arabia are underdeveloped and need more attention to attain sustainable and progressive growth rate in the form of the number of establishments to enjoy the potential. Manufacture of tobacco, computer, electronics and optics, pharmaceuticals and transport equipment are the deprived and underdeveloped industries of the manufacturing sector. There should be some easy credit schemes for the development of deprived or underdeveloped manufacturing industries. To attain sustainable growth and development of the manufacturing sector, a positive attitude of the government towards underdeveloped manufacturing industries, favorable labor laws, and entrepreneurial awareness, technical and financial assistance are necessary. The growth and development of the manufacturing sector of Saudi Arabia will be helpful in the attainment of goals of Vision 2030.
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AlTamimi, Jozaa Z. "Awareness of the Consumption of Dietary Supplements among Students in a University in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4641768.
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The dietary supplement market in Saudi Arabia is growing alongside the number of Saudis consuming dietary supplements. It is therefore increasingly important for healthcare personnel to understand the consumption rate of dietary supplements, whether they are used wisely, and the know-how concerning their use and dosage. The purpose of this study was to clarify the overall awareness of dietary supplement consumption among female students of Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Using a descriptive approach, data were collected from 759 female students (mean age = 22.1 ± 1.7 years) via an electronic survey. All participants reported having consumed dietary supplements at some point, and 32.3% were taking them at the time of the survey. They took supplements primarily for aesthetic reasons (e.g., hair and skin health) and preferred purchasing supplements at pharmacies. Nearly all (89.9%) participants could define supplements correctly, and 43.6% reported that supplements improved health. More than half the sample believed that supplements are safe. While a large proportion of participants correctly identified the recommended number of daily servings of fruits and vegetables, relatively few actually consumed that recommended amount. More than one-third of participants consumed more than one type of supplement simultaneously, and more than half reported that they would use supplements when necessary in the future. The results of this study suggest a need for long-term studies on the consumption of nutritional supplements among Saudis and its impact on health.
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Nugroho, Rakhamanto Wahyu, Suharyo Hadisaputro, Widiastuti Samekto, Sugiri Sugiri, and Djoko Trihadi Lukmono. "Berbagai Faktor yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kejadian Rawat Inap Jemaah Diabetes Melitus di Arab Saudi (Studi Kasus Kontrol di Embarkasi Adisumarmo)." Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas 2, no. 2 (August 15, 2017): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/j.e.k.k.v2i2.3998.
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Background : Given the magnitude of high-risk DM throughout Hajj embarkation and pilgrims hospitalization in Saudi Arabia, we need for prevention and control of DM pilgrims hospitalization case in Saudi Arabia. To prevent and control the incidence of hospitalization, public and the government needs to know the various factors that influence the incidence of hospitalization.Methods : The study was observational with case control study design. The study population is the assembly of DM in Adisumarmo Hajj embarkation. Number of samples of 135 people with 45 cases and 90 controls. The dependent variable is inpatient diabetic in Saudi Arabia , the independent variable is demographics (age, gender, education level), comorbidities (hypertension, heart disease, dyslipidemia, stroke, obesity), behavior (compliance with diet and medication), the knowledge, long suffered diabetic, environment (temperature and duration in Saudi Arabia.Results : Most respondents had long suffered from diabetes. The level of compliance of respondents to the diet DM and DM medication adherence is good. Multivariate factors that influence the incidence of hospitalization DM pilgrims in Saudi Arabia is a dietary adherence (p=0.001, OR=14,95% CI= 2.78 to 70.97 ) and knowledge (p = 0.003, OR = 6.5; 95% CI=0.59 to 4.51).Conclusion : Factors that influence the incidence of DM pilgrims hospitalization in Saudi Arabia is a dietary adherence and knowledge.
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Nugroho, Rakhamanto Wahyu, Suharyo Hadisaputro, Widiastuti Samekto, Sugiri Sugiri, and Djoko Trihadi Lukmono. "Berbagai Faktor yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kejadian Rawat Inap Jemaah Diabetes Melitus di Arab Saudi (Studi Kasus Kontrol di Embarkasi Adisumarmo)." Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas 2, no. 2 (August 15, 2017): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jekk.v2i2.3998.
Full textAbstract:
Background : Given the magnitude of high-risk DM throughout Hajj embarkation and pilgrims hospitalization in Saudi Arabia, we need for prevention and control of DM pilgrims hospitalization case in Saudi Arabia. To prevent and control the incidence of hospitalization, public and the government needs to know the various factors that influence the incidence of hospitalization.Methods : The study was observational with case control study design. The study population is the assembly of DM in Adisumarmo Hajj embarkation. Number of samples of 135 people with 45 cases and 90 controls. The dependent variable is inpatient diabetic in Saudi Arabia , the independent variable is demographics (age, gender, education level), comorbidities (hypertension, heart disease, dyslipidemia, stroke, obesity), behavior (compliance with diet and medication), the knowledge, long suffered diabetic, environment (temperature and duration in Saudi Arabia.Results : Most respondents had long suffered from diabetes. The level of compliance of respondents to the diet DM and DM medication adherence is good. Multivariate factors that influence the incidence of hospitalization DM pilgrims in Saudi Arabia is a dietary adherence (p=0.001, OR=14,95% CI= 2.78 to 70.97 ) and knowledge (p = 0.003, OR = 6.5; 95% CI=0.59 to 4.51).Conclusion : Factors that influence the incidence of DM pilgrims hospitalization in Saudi Arabia is a dietary adherence and knowledge.
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Alkhadra, Thamer. "Characteristic of Malocclusion among Saudi Special Need Group Children." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 10 (2017): 959–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2156.
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ABSTRACT Introduction The present study analyzed the characteristics of malocclusions, occlusal traits among Special Health care Needs (SHCN) children with Down syndrome (DS) and autism disorder (AD) in Riyadh City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods A total of 100 DS and 100 AD children from five rehabilitation centers in and around Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, were included in the study. Any children with history of ongoing medical treatment, extraction, or orthodontic treatment were excluded from the study. Out of the 200 patients examined, 131 were males and 69 were females and the age of the children ranged from 6 to 14 years. The children were examined for malocclusion characteristics using the Angle's classification of malocclusion, and also other occlusal traits, such as overjet, overbite, cross bite, and open bite were also determined. The data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 16 to generate descriptive statistics for each variable. Results The analyzed data of the right and left permanent molar relation showed higher incidence of class III malocclusion (66%) in DS children as compared with (3–4%) AD children. The AD children presented with higher percentage of class I malocclusion (40–41%) as compared with (10–14%) DS children. During examination of the primary molars, the analyzed data showed that left primary molar had more mesial shift in AD children as compared with DS children. Conclusion Down syndrome children had high incidence of class III malocclusion and autistic children had high incidence of class I malocclusion. Overall, the DS children were more prone to malocclusion. Clinical significance This study provides database for health professionals in Saudi Arabia in regard to malocclusion of autistics and DS patients. How to cite this article Alkhadra T. Characteristic of Malocclusion among Saudi Special Need Group Children. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(10):959-963.
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DAWAH, HASSAN A., MOHAMMED A. ABDULLAH, and JOHN C. DEEMING. "The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species." Zootaxa 4869, no. 1 (October 30, 2020): 1–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1.
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Despite the economic and medical importance of many species of Muscidae knowledge of species occurring in Saudi Arabia is insufficient. As part of a study on the biodiversity of Diptera of south-western Saudi Arabia a survey of the Diptera fauna of Jazan, Asir and Najran was performed from 2010 to 2015 at 22 sites. Seventy one known taxa of Muscidae were identified and recorded, 29 of which were recorded for the first time from south-western Saudi Arabia and two new species; Atherigona (Acritochaeta) afrotropicalis Deeming sp. nov. and Helina ponti Deeming sp. nov. are here described. Thus, the total number of Muscidae species that has been recorded from Saudi Arabia (including previous records of 31 species) is 102 and two subspecies. A list of all species and subspecies of Muscidae recorded from Saudi Arabia is provided. The species of Muscidae listed are predominantly of Afrotropical distribution as compared to other regions. Images of 78 taxa are presented. In addition to the results of the identifications all available literature about Muscidae of Saudi Arabia is summarized. Biological information (where known) on the species recorded in this study and the Middle East distribution are included. By developing a research collection and a checklist of species of Muscidae we hope to provide the basis for systematic studies and biogeographical and faunistic analyses, and the necessary guidelines for management of these important flies. The need for further field and laboratory work and surveillance surveys is highlighted.
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Naumenko, T. V., and K. V. Timakhov. "Saudi Arabia’s Economic Competitiveness in the Middle East." MGIMO Review of International Relations 64, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2019-1-64-147-167.
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Saudi Arabia is one of the key economic players in the Middle East with a number of competitive advantages. The article analyzes these advantages as well as disadvantages and identifies measures to improve the competitive potential of Saudi Arabia. Methodologically it employs the Porter’s «diamond model». Cultural, historical and socio-political trends in Saudi Arabia increase the complexity of reforming the economy and increasing its competitiveness. The current reforms are insufficient to improve the quality of human capital. Existing economic and political institutions need to be reformed. There is an obvious problem of low women’s employment. Despite the fact that Saudi Arabia occupies only the 4th place on the regional competitive index table, authors see ways to strengthen this indicator of the Kingdom’s economy. The most decisive factor in this regard as argued by the authors is the elimination of state institutional problems which are chiefly responsible for low competitiveness of the economy.