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Journal articles on the topic 'Nematode management'
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1
Grabau, Zane Joseph, and J. W. Noling. "Nematode management in potatoes (Irish or white)." EDIS 2019, no. 5 (September 13, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-ng029-2019.
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Plant-parasitic nematodes are a major pest on potatoes in Florida. Root-knot, sting, and stubby-root nematodes are the primary problems. Sampling is an important component of confirming nematode problems in a field. Nematode management relies heavily on chemical control (nematicides), but crop rotation and soil culture are important considerations as well.
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Westerdahl, B. B. "Scenarios for sustainable management of plant parasitic nematodes." Indian Phytopathology 74, no. 2 (May 6, 2021): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42360-021-00370-y.
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AbstractPlant parasitic nematodes cause significant yield reductions worldwide. Before development of soil fumigation, sustainable practices were developed for nematode management; but were utilized with limited success. The restricted availability of fumigants and other nematicides, has stimulated a return to research into more sustainable management scenarios. In recent years, new tools have been developed that improve the successful utilization of sustainable methods including: nematode resistant crop varieties, trap cropping, biofumigation, molecular identification techniques, databases that can be accessed online to search for crops resistant to nematodes, relatively inexpensive soil temperature dataloggers, nematode degree-day models, research on nematode biology and population cycling, development of less toxic chemicals, and development of new soil amendments and natural products. Combining these with a strong nematode control and certification program for nursery crops, have made it possible to develop promising scenarios to reduce damaging nematode populations and increase yields.
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Grabau, Z. J., and J. W. Noling. "Nematode Management in Cole Crops." EDIS 2021, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-ng024-2020.
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Many different plant-parasitic nematodes cause yield loss in cabbage, broccoli, collards, and other valuable Florida cole crops. This 13-page fact sheet written by Z. J. Grabau and J. W. Noling and published by the UF/IFAS Entomology and Nematology Department lists common symptoms, explains how to submit samples to a nematology lab such as the UF/IFAS Nematode Assay Lab for diagnosis, and describes key cultural practices to help agricultural professionals spot and manage nematode problems in cole crops.
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Kimpinski, J., and L. S. Thompson. "Plant parasitic nematodes and their management in the Maritime provinces of Canada." Phytoprotection 71, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705982ar.
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This paper presents a review of the plant parasitic nematodes that are of concern in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince-Edward-Island, and the approaches used to manage them. The root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans) is the only nematode species in the region that regularly reduces crop yields. The northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) occasionally causes damage to carrots (Daucus carota), but population levels of this nematode species usually are very low. The clover cyst nematode (Heterodera trifolii) is widespread, but has not caused any damage to crops in the region. Management procedures used to reduce the impact of plant parasitic nematodes in the Maritime provinces, e.g. crop rotations, nematicide treatments, enforcement of quarantine regulations, and tillage practices are discussed. A nematode advisory service is also considered.
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Potter, J. W., and A. W. McKeown. "Nematode biodiversity in Canadian agricultural soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 83, Special Issue (August 1, 2003): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s01-064.
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The biodiversity of soil-inhabiting nematodes in Canada is incompletely known, as large areas of Canada’s landmass have not been surveyed for nematode fauna. Nematodes considered as indigenous are generally well adapted to a variety of ecological niches and climatic zones. Much of the available information is based on agricultural ecosystems and agricultural species, and thus is biased toward conditions in disturbed ecosystems and away from “primeval” ecology. Introduced nematode species are frequently quite pathogenic, even to exotic host plants from the same geographic point of origin. Estimates of crop loss due to single species infestations of pathogenic nematodes and the costs of nematode control using chemicals are reasonably well known, averaging about 10% of crop value, but ranging to 100% depending on the situation; the cost of damage by multiple-species infestations is less defined. Nematode-suppressive mechanisms are understood in only a few plant species; sulfur appears to be important as a constituent of active compounds in suppressive plants of agricultural origin. Similarly, some native plants are equally adapted with allelopathic chemicals that suppress nematodes. Management of nematode populations in agricultural soils by integrated crop management methods is at an early stage, requiring research to quantify effects of nematode-suppressive plants and soil amendments containing nitrogen. An integrated program could include nematode-suppressive plants, appropriate soil amendments, and the promotion of microbial antagonists. Different mathematical methods may be required to analyze and explain multi-factor nematode control systems. Less-toxic management systems could benefit the soil-inhabiting nematodes that predate arthropod soil pests. Further research on soil-borne nematodes may demonstrate the value of nematodes as indicators of agroecosystem health and environmental pollutants. Key words: Biocontrol, biodiversity, nematode distribution, nematode management, soil ecology
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Devi, Gitanjali. "Utilization of Nematode Destroying Fungi for Management of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes-A Review." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 15, no. 2 (June 28, 2018): 377–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2642.
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Nematode destroying fungi are potential biocontrol agent for management of plant-parasitic nematodes. They inhibit nematode population through trapping devices or by means of enzymes and metabolic products. They regulate nematode behavior by interfering plant-nematode recognition, and promote plant growth. For more effective biocontrol, thorough understanding of the biology of nematode destroying fungi, targeted nematode pest and the soil ecology and environmental condition in the field is necessary. This review highlights different types of nematode destroying fungi, their mode of action as well as commercial products based on reports published in this area of research.
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McSorley, Robert. "Alternative practices for managing plant-parasitic nematodes." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 13, no. 3 (September 1998): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300007761.
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AbstractThe most widely used and successful cultural practices for managing plantparasitic nematodes are resistant cultivars and some elements of cropping systems, such as rotation crops, cover crops, or nematode-antagonistic crops. Exclusion and sanitation practices, such as use of nematode-free planting material, site selection, and weed management, are useful in limiting infestations. Soil solarization, organic amendments, biological control, fallow, flooding, timing of planting dates, or tillage practices may be helpful in some areas, but additional research is needed to optimize their use. Most management methods emphasize reduction of nematode populations, but improvement of crop tolerance to nematodes should not be overlooked. For their successful use, most of these alternative methods require detailed knowledge of nematode and plant biology and ecology, and it may be necessary to integrate several practices for maximum nematode suppression. Although the basic principles of nematode management are generally known, detailed data often are lacking on specific combinations of nematodes and host crop cultivars. Consequently, the availability of such data will likely determine whether nematodes can be managed successfully in a particular situation.
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Grabau, Zane J., and Christopher Vann. "Management of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Florida Field Corn Production." EDIS 2017, no. 2 (March 17, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-ng014-2017.
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This 8-page fact sheet written by Zane J. Grabau and Christopher Vann and published by the Department of Entomology and Nematology explains how corn producers can spot nematode symptoms, sample for nematodes, and manage nematode problems.http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ng014
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Tylka, Gregory L., Timothy C. Todd, Terry L. Niblack, Ann E. MacGuidwin, and Tamra Jackson. "Sampling for Plant-parasitic Nematodes in Corn Strip Trials Comparing Nematode Management Products." Plant Health Progress 12, no. 1 (January 2011): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2011-0901-01-dg.
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Protectant seed treatments are a new management option for plant-parasitic nematodes that feed on corn. Many growers and agribusiness personnel are conducting strip-trial comparisons of nematode seed treatments in growers' fields. Yield monitors in combines and weigh wagons can be used to collect yield data from multiple-row strips that stretch across an entire field. But some growers and agribusiness personnel also want to assess plant-parasitic nematode populations in these strip trials to gauge whether the seed treatments are affecting nematode population densities (numbers). Drawing conclusions about the effects of treatments on numbers of plant-parasitic nematodes in strip trials is problematic because of the natural variability of nematode populations and their densities in the field. This guide discusses various points to consider about collecting samples to assess possible effects of treatments on population densities of plant-parasitic nematodes in strip trials. Accepted for publication 15 July 2011. Published 1 September 2011.
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Yeates, G. W. "Abundance, diversity, and resilience of nematode assemblages in forest soilsThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Forum on Towards Sustainable Forestry — The Living Soil: Soil Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 2 (February 2007): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-172.
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Forest litter and soil may contain >10 × 106 individual nematodes·m–2 and, regionally, >400 species. Root-feeding nematodes may be pathogenic to young plants; microbial-feeding nematodes may increase turnover of the microbial pool; predacious and omnivorous nematodes represent higher trophic levels. The spatial distribution and abundance of nematode species in forests reflect soil type, soil fertility, climate, canopy and understorey plant species, litter depth, forest age, and management. Nematodes may be important in forest nurseries; they occur throughout the rooting depth of forest trees; hyphal-feeding species may influence mycorrhizae; and insect-vectored Bursaphelenchus species are a quarantine risk. Nematode populations interact with those of other soil animals (e.g., mites, tardigrades, enchytraeids, and protozoa). The diversity and abundance of the nematode assemblage make nematodes a useful indicator of soil condition and soil processes. Information available from forest systems suggests that, as long as physical disturbance is minimized and remaining trees or herb layer moderate the microclimate, logging and other forestry operations have only transitory effects on nematode populations. Extreme disturbance, such as bulldozing and slash-and-burn management, can significantly reduce nematode abundance and diversity. In contrast, management that enhances growth of understorey or herb layer can stimulate nematode populations. Each of these changes can be related to changes in food resource availability and environmental conditions, such as soil temperature and moisture. Although details of soil nematode contributions to nutrient processes in forest soils are sparse, that their populations are maintained through cycles of moderate management practices suggest that their beneficial contributions will also be maintained.
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Boppré, Michael, and Tim Thoden. "Plants producing pyrrolizidine alkaloids: sustainable tools for nematode management?" Nematology 12, no. 1 (2010): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138855409x12549869072248.
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Abstract1,2-dehydropyrrolizidine ester alkaloids (pyrrolizidine alkaloids; PAs) are a class of secondary plant metabolites found in hundreds of plant species. In vitro, PAs are known to affect plant-parasitic nematodes. Thus, PA-producing plants might be used in nematode management. So far, however, Crotalaria is the only PA-producing plant that has been used for nematode control. Consequently, we reviewed the literature on other PA plants and their effects on nematodes. This included the analysis of in vitro experiments with PA plant extracts, host tests with PA plants, as well as experiments in which PA-producing plants were used as different types of soil amendments (mulch, in situ mulching, extracts). Our results clearly show that, in addition to Crotalaria, certain other PA-producing plant species have the potential to be used in sustainable nematode management. This is especially true for management of sedentary endoparasitic nematode species. Promising applications include the use of PA plant extracts and mulches, as well as the use of PA plants for in situ mulching.
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Talavera, Miguel, Luis Miranda, José Antonio Gómez-Mora, María Dolores Vela, and Soledad Verdejo-Lucas. "Nematode Management in the Strawberry Fields of Southern Spain." Agronomy 9, no. 5 (May 21, 2019): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9050252.
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(1) Background: Spain is the sixth strawberry producer in the world, with about 6500 ha producing more than 350,000 tons, and an annual commercial value about 390 million €. Stunted and dead strawberry plants are frequently associated with plant-parasitic nematodes, but nematode diseases have not been characterized to date in the country. (2) Methods: A poll on the perception of the impact of nematodes on strawberry production was carried out by face-to-face interviews with farm advisors. In addition, nematological field surveys were carried out at the end of the growing season in 2017 and 2018 to determine prevalence and abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes in strawberry crops. The host suitability to Meloidogyne hapla of seventeen strawberry cultivars and the tolerance limit to M. hapla at progressively higher initial population densities (Pi) were assessed in pot experiments in a growth chamber. Comparison of the relative efficacies of several soil disinfestation methods in controlling nematode populations (M. hapla and Pratylenchus penetrans) was carried out in experimental field trials for twelve consecutive years. (3) Results: Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus penetrans, and Hemicycliophora spp. were the main plant-parasitic nematodes in the strawberry fields in South Spain. Root-knot nematodes were found in 90% of the fields, being M. hapla the most prevalent species (71% of the fields). A tolerance limit of 0.2 M. hapla juveniles per g of soil was estimated for strawberry, and currently cropped strawberry cultivars did not show resistance to M. hapla. Nematode population densities were reduced by more than 70% by soil fumigation with 1,3-dichloropropene, dazomet, dimethyl-disulfide, and methyl iodide. The efficacy of metam-sodium in reducing nematode populations was about 50% and that of chloropicrin, furfural, and sodium-azide, less than 40%. Combination of solarization with organic manures (biosolarization) reduced soil nematode populations by 68–73%. (4) Conclusions: Plant-parasitic nematodes (Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, and Hemicycliophora) are widely distributed in the strawberry fields of Southern Spain. Strawberry is a poor host for M. hapla with a tolerance limit of 0.2 J2 per g of soil, and low population increases in cropping cycles of 7–8 months. Strawberry cultivars show a range of susceptibility and tolerance to M. hapla, but no resistance is found. Nematodes are effectively controlled by chemical fumigation of soils, but soil biosolarization is equally effective, and therefore, can be proposed as a sustainable alternative for pathogen control in strawberry cultivation.
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Santiago, Débora Cristina, Giovani de Oliveira Arieira, Edinei de Almeida, and Maria de Fátima Guimarães. "Responses of soil nematode communities to agroecological crop management systems." Nematology 14, no. 2 (2012): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138855411x587103.
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Soil nematodes are sensitive to human intervention and widely used as biological indicators of disruptions and alterations in soil quality. The aim of this work was to identify nematodes that are good biological indicators in maize crops under different management systems, and to establish the impact levels of these systems. Soil samples were collected over a 3-year period at a depth of 0.0-0.3 m in areas under six different management systems for maize (Zea mays) monoculture, and intercropped maize and Canavalia ensiformis. Six areas of native vegetation were also assessed to provide a reference for ecological balance. After identification and counting, nematode communities were characterised according to abundance (total and relative), diversity (identified genera and diversity indexes), trophic structure and ecological maturity (disturbance indexes). Nematodes proved to be good ecological indicators, responding to the systems employed. Intercropping maize and Canavalia ensiformis in at least one assessment year reduced disruption and increased nematode diversity, which were both verified based on specific indexes. It was also observed that the maize monoculture increased disruption leading to a drop in nematode fauna diversity and an increase in the incidence of plant-feeding nematodes.
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Čerevková, Andrea, Marek Renčo, Dana Miklisová, and Erika Gömöryová. "Soil Nematode Communities in Managed and Natural Temperate Forest." Diversity 13, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13070327.
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Forest management and the stand age play key roles in determining the composition of soil biota, including nematodes. We analysed the effect of the interaction between stands of natural forest and stands influenced by human activity on nematode communities, necessary for realistically assessing the specific potentials of forest soils, plant protection, forest management, and land use management. Nematode communities were evaluated and compared in managed beech and spruce forests in three age classes (0–20, 40–60, and 100–120 years old) and an unmanaged old-growth temperate forest. A total of 51 nematode genera were found in the forests. The number of nematode genera was the highest (46) in European beech forests, dominated by Rhabditis and Filenchus. In contrast, the number of nematode genera was the lowest (37) in a Norway spruce forest, but where nematode abundance was the highest due mostly to the high abundance of bacterivorous nematodes such as Acrobeloides, Plectus, and Rhabditis. The unmanaged old-growth forest had the lowest nematode abundance and total biomass but the highest abundance of herbivorous nematodes of the order Tylenchida, especially Filenchus, Malenchus, and Paratylenchus, and a high abundance of identified genera of predators. The number of identified nematode genera, abundance, total biomass, and diversity index were the highest in young 0–20-year-old stands, and the lowest in 100–120-year-old stands. Enrichment, structure, and basal indices were influenced by both the stands and the ages of the forests.
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Starr, J. L., E. R. Morgan, and C. E. Simpson. "Management of the Peanut Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria, with Host Resistance." Plant Health Progress 3, no. 1 (January 2002): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2002-1121-01-hm.
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Management of the common peanut root-knot nematode has traditionally relied on treatment of infested fields with nematicides, as well as rotations with other crops. The availability of nematod-eresistant cultivars gives growers another option and will reduce the growers reliance on nematicides. The nematode-resistant peanut cultivars COAN and NemaTAM can be grown in nematode infested fields without having to rely on nematicide applications to achieve the genetic yield potential of the crop. Accepted for publication 28 October 2002. Published 21 November 2002.
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Stirling, GR, SR Dullahide, and A. Nikulin. "Management of lesion nematode (Pratylenchus jordanensis) on replanted apple trees." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 2 (1995): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950247.
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Chemical and non-chemical strategies for managing lesion nematode (Pratylenchus jordanensis) on apple replants were investigated in field experiments at Applethorpe, Queensland. In the first experiment, old trees from a nematode-infested orchard were removed in June 1987 or April 1988. Plots then received one of the following treatments: solarisation; fallow; animal manures (� 900 kg urea/ha); green manure crops of forage sorghum or lablab bean ploughed in (� 1800 kg urea/ha); ethylene dibromide or methyl bromide. Lesion nematode populations before replanting apple trees in July 1988 were generally lower if trees had been removed 12 months rather than 3 months previously. Nematodes increased on forage sorghum, but populations were reduced substantially when the crop was ploughed in with urea. Methyl bromide was the only treatment to reduce nematode populations at planting to very low levels. Two years after planting, nematode populations on apples were reduced by some of the chemical and non-chemical treatments. Most non-chemical treatments increased the growth of replanted apple trees, but methyl bromide produced the largest trees. In a second experiment, methyl bromide again enhanced early growth, but after 5 years, trees mulched with sawdust or sawdust and manure had the lowest nematode populations and produced yields as good as, or better than, methyl bromide. The results of both experiments suggested that lesion nematodes on apple replants could be managed without fumigant nematicides through a combination of early removal of the previous orchard, incorporation of animal manure or a green manure crop with urea, choice of an appropriate rootstock, and maintenance of a layer of organic mulch around trees.
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Mokrini, Fouad, Salah-Eddine Laasli, Youssef Karra, Aicha El Aissami, and Abdelfattah A. Dababat. "Diversity and incidence of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Morocco and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties." Nematology 22, no. 1 (September 4, 2019): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003286.
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Summary Saffron (Crocus sativus) fields in Morocco’s Taliouine and Taznakht regions were surveyed between January and April 2018 to study the diversity and incidence of plant-parasitic nematodes and assess the effects of soil physicochemical properties on the nematodes. Fourteen nematode genera were identified in soil and root samples collected from 66 saffron fields. The most common plant-parasitic nematodes in the Taliouine region were Pratylenchus spp. and Helicotylenchus spp. In the Taznakht region, the most common nematodes were Pratylenchus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp. and Ditylenchus dipsaci. Nematodes, particularly Pratylenchus spp. and Ditylenchus spp., were abundant and frequent throughout the region. Several nematode genera were significantly associated with soil texture and mineral content, indicating that soil properties play an important role in plant-parasitic nematode communities. This description of plant-parasitic nematode assemblages associated with saffron fields in Morocco and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties provides a starting point from which appropriate nematode management strategies can be implemented.
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Wang, Koon-Hui, Nancy Kokalis-Burelle, Robert McSorley, and Raymond Gallaher. "Cover crops and organic mulches for nematode, weed and plant health management." Nematology 10, no. 2 (2008): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854108783476412.
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AbstractTraditional cover cropping systems for nematode management seldom consider weed and soil nutrient management concurrently. Integrating cover crops suppressive to plant-parasitic nematodes with a cover crop mulching system could improve traditional approaches. Two field experiments were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to evaluate 'Tropic Sun' sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) and 'Iron Clay' cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as summer cover crops and as organic mulches. Both experiments were in a 3 × 3 split-plot design in which the main plots were summer planting of sunn hemp, cowpea or fallow, and the subplots were organic mulch of sunn hemp, cowpea or no mulch. The summer cover crop was followed by turnip (Brassica rapa) and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) in the autumn. Using sunn hemp as organic mulch suppressed root-knot nematodes more effectively than using it as a cover crop, but only on a less susceptible host such as turnip, and not on a very susceptible host such as lima bean. While sunn hemp as a cover crop failed to enhance beneficial free-living nematodes, sunn hemp as an organic mulch enhanced bacterial-feeding nematode population densities. Sunn hemp mulch also suppressed broadleaf weeds but not grasses or nutsedges. Although sunn hemp and cowpea cover crops did not increase lima bean N and K content, their mulches increased N and K content. Similar results were observed for turnip and lima bean yields. Population density of root-knot nematodes was positively related to abundance of omnivorous nematode in 2003. The abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes was negatively related to the infestation levels of Pasteuria penetrans, and the abundance of predatory nematodes in 2004. Factors that might have affected the performance of sunn hemp on nematode communities are discussed.
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Regmi, Homan, and Johan Desaeger. "Nematode resistance: A useful tool for root-knot nematode (RKN) management in tomato." EDIS 2019, no. 5 (September 13, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-in1250-2019.
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Tomatoes are a major commodity in Florida, with an estimated production value of $453 million. Among the many pests and diseases that affect tomatoes, nematodes are one of the major problems. Since the ban on methyl bromide, these ubiquitous soil pests have become much more difficult to manage. This 5-page fact sheet written by Homan Regmi and Johan Desaeger and published by the UF/IFAS Entomology and Nematology Department discusses the use of nematode-resistant tomato cultivars as a tool to help manage root-knot nematodes in Florida. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1250
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Stirling, GR, and A. Nikulin. "Population dynamics of plant parasitic nematodes in Queensland pineapple fields and the effects of these nematodes on pineapple production." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 2 (1993): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930197.
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Twelve pineapple fields with various densities of root-knot nematode were selected during a ratoon crop. Nematode populations were monitored regularly after the crop was ploughed out. Regardless of the original population density, rootknot nematodes were almost nondetectable at the end of the subsequent 3-6-month fallow intercycle period. In the absence of nematicide treatment there were marked differences between sites in the manner in which rootknot nematodes increased in the newly planted crop. At some sites, they were detectable 9-15 months after planting, whereas at other sites, nematodes were not observed at 15 months. Increases in ratoon crop yield following application of ethylene dibromide or fenamiphos were related to root-knot nematode population density. Significant increases in yield were not obtained at sites where the nematode was not detectable at 15 months. The results suggest that some pineapple growers are needlessly applying nematicides and that nematode diagnostic services should be developed to provide growers with advice on their nematode management programs.
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Aydınlı, Gökhan, and Sevilhan Mennan. "Kök-Ur Nematodları (Meloidogyne spp.)’nda Parazitizm." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 2, no. 4 (April 29, 2014): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v2i4.160-170.83.
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Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) have specialized and complex relationships with their host plants. A better understanding of interaction between nematode and their host will help to provide new point of view for root-knot nematode management. For this purpose, recently investigations on cellular and molecular basis of root-knot nematode parasitism and host response were reviewed.
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HU, CHENG, and ZHI-PING CAO. "NEMATODE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE UNDER COMPOST AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT PRACTICE, IN THE NORTH CHINA PLAIN." Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 4 (October 2008): 485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479708006716.
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SUMMARYA long-term field experiment was conducted at the Qu-Zhou experimental station, China Agricultural University to study how the nematode community structure was influenced by compost and chemical fertilizer, using no amendment as the control. Soil samples were collected from 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm depths. The different treatments led to a significant difference in the total number of nematodes, bacterivores, plant parasites, omnivores-predators and nematode richness. The total number of nematodes, bacterivores, omnivores-predators and nematode richness were found to decrease in chemical fertilizer-treated plots. Although plant parasites were more abundant under compost treatment than under chemical fertilization, the relative abundance of plant parasites in the compost-treated plots was smaller. The application of chemical fertilizer decreased the number of genera of bacterivores and omnivores-predators. The numbers of total nematodes, bacterivores, plant parasites and omnivores-predators were significantly positively correlated with the contents of total organic carbon, total N, alkali-hydrolysable N, available P and available K. The compost-treated plots tended to have a greater diversity of nematodes than chemical fertilizer treated plots, so there was a healthy soil ecosystem under compost treatment.
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Kaplan, M., E. P. Caswell-Chen, and V. M. Williamson. "Assessment of Host-Induced Selection on Three Geographic Isolates of Heterodera schachtii Using RAPD and AFLP Markers." Phytopathology® 89, no. 1 (January 1999): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1999.89.1.68.
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The hypothesis that host plants exert selection pressure on Heterodera schachtii populations was tested. Host selection of genotypes from three genetically distinct isolates of H. schachtii was assessed using cabbage, sugar beet, oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus), and white mustard (Sinapis alba). The plants represent a range of susceptibility to H. schachtii and included R. sativus and S. alba, because cultivars of those species have been used as trap crops for H. schachtii in Europe. Genotypic differences in amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were detected among the isolates after they reproduced on the different hosts. The poorest host plant, R. sativus, resulted in the greatest number of changes in both AFLP and RAPD markers. Oilseed radish selected nematode genotypes in less than four nematode generations. The nematode population genotypes detected by RAPD analyses after selection on oilseed radish were observed even after nematode populations were transferred back to the other three hosts. The genetic markers that were detected after selection were influenced by the genotypes of the original nematode isolates. The results indicate the utility of RAPDs and AFLPs for identifying and monitoring intraspecific genetic variability in nematodes and for understanding nematode population responses to host plants. Nematode management practices such as using resistant cultivars may alter gene frequencies, thereby reducing the efficacy of the tactic and exacerbating the nematode's potential to damage subsequent crops.
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Crow, William T. "Spiral Nematode Helicotylenchus spp. (Nematoda: Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae)." EDIS 2017, no. 5 (October 3, 2017): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-in973-2017.
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Also published on the Featured Creatures website at http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/NEMATODE/spiral_nematode.htm
Includes: Introduction - Distribution - Life Cycle and Biology - Hosts - Symptoms - Identification - Economic Importance - Management - Selected References
Original EDIS publication:
Crow, William. 2013. “Spiral Nematode, Helicotylenchus Pseudorobustus (Steiner, 1941) Golden, 1956 (Nematoda: Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae)”. EDIS 2013 (1). https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/120478.
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Hu, Weiming, Senyu Chen, and Xingzhong Liu. "Effect of temperature treatment on survival of Heterodera glycines and its associated fungi and bacteria." Nematology 18, no. 7 (2016): 845–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003000.
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In studies of nematode-suppressive soil and plant-parasitic nematode management, it is often desirable to kill nematodes in the soil but keep the microbial community alive. The effect of temperature treatment on survival of Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), and associated fungi and bacteria was investigated. Extracted eggs and cysts, and cysts in soil were subjected to treatments of temperatures ranging from −80 to 55°C for 1 to 24 h. Nematode survival was determined by hatching in vitro and by infectivity and development in soybean, and fungal survival was determined by plating the eggs or cysts on potato dextrose agar. The nematodes survived well between −20 and 45°C, but could not survive at −80 or 48°C and above, while some nematodes were killed after heat treatment of 46°C. By contrast, fungi survived well in the cysts at −80°C, and also much better than nematodes at the high temperatures. Glasshouse studies demonstrated that both bacteria and fungi survived well in the soil treated with −80°C. Transferring 5% of −80°C-treated soil to autoclaved soil could effectively establish nematode suppressiveness. Our study demonstrated that freezing soil at −80°C can kill SCN but maintain nematode suppressiveness, and the soil treatment can improve the method for nematode-suppressive soil evaluation.
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Liang, Lian-Ming, Cheng-Gang Zou, Jianping Xu, and Ke-Qin Zhang. "Signal pathways involved in microbe–nematode interactions provide new insights into the biocontrol of plant-parasitic nematodes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1767 (January 14, 2019): 20180317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0317.
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Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause severe damage to agricultural crops worldwide. As most chemical nematicides have negative environmental side effects, there is a pressing need for developing efficient biocontrol methods. Nematophagous microbes, the natural enemies of nematodes, are potential biocontrol agents against PPNs. These natural enemies include both bacteria and fungi and they use diverse methods to infect and kill nematodes. For instance, nematode-trapping fungi can sense host signals and produce special trapping devices to capture nematodes, whereas endo-parasitic fungi can kill nematodes by spore adhesion and invasive growth to break the nematode cuticle. By contrast, nematophagous bacteria can secrete virulence factors to kill nematodes. In addition, some bacteria can mobilize nematode-trapping fungi to kill nematodes. In response, nematodes can also sense and defend against the microbial pathogens using strategies such as producing anti-microbial peptides regulated by the innate immunity system. Recent progresses in our understanding of the signal pathways involved in microbe–nematode interactions are providing new insights in developing efficient biological control strategies against PPNs. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Biotic signalling sheds light on smart pest management'.
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Lopes, Ana Paula Mendes, Bruna Orlandini Toninato, Mayra Renata Cruz Soares, and Cláudia Regina Dias-Arieira. "Biological Control Associated With Plant Nutrition for Meloidogyne javanica and Pratylenchus brachyurus Management in Soybean." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n1p149.
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Meloidogyne javanica and Pratylenchus brachyurus stand out among the main nematodes in soybean crops. Research on integrated management are often conducted, due to the low efficiency of the main control methods when they are applied alone. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the potential of biological control and plant nutrition products to control these nematodes in soybean. The effect of each product alone on nematode hatching and mortality was also assessed. A greenhouse experiment was also carried out, evaluating five doses of the product for biological control based on Bacillus and Trichoderma, with and without the presence of the product for nutrition, inoculated with 2000 eggs and juveniles for the gall nematode or 1000 specimens for the nematode lesions. After 30 days of multiplication, the aerial part was removed and the soil was revolved to receive the new sowing of the soybean with the respective treatments mentioned above. After 60 days, the experiments were evaluated for nematological parameters. Both products reduced hatching and increased nematode mortality. Treatments with biological control were efficient in reducing M. javanica and P. brachyurus, mainly when applied at doses close to 5 and 8 kg ha-1, respectively. The nutrition product negatively influences the biological control.
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Jaffee, B. A., H. Ferris, and K. M. Scow. "Nematode-Trapping Fungi in Organic and Conventional Cropping Systems." Phytopathology® 88, no. 4 (April 1998): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.4.344.
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Nematode-trapping fungi, nematodes, and microbial biomass were quantified in conventionally and organically managed field plots in the Sustainable Agriculture Farming Systems Project at the University of California at Davis. There were four replicate plots (0.135 ha per plot) for each management system, and plots were sampled three times each year for 2 years. The hypothesis that nematode-trapping fungi would be more abundant in organically managed plots was partially supported: the number of species of nematode-trapping fungi was slightly but significantly greater in organic than in conventional plots, two species (Arthrobotrys dactyloides and Nematoctonus leiosporus) were detected more frequently in organic plots, and the population densities of A. dactyloides and N. leiosporus were greater in organic than in conventional plots. Two other species (A. haptotyla and A. thaumasia), however, tended to be more numerous in conventional than in organic plots, and the total density of nematode-trapping fungi was similar in organic and conventional plots. Bacterivorous nematodes were more abundant and microbial biomass (substrate-induced respiration) was greater in organic than in conventional plots. Suppression of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica, as measured in a bioassay, was not related to management system or population density of nematode-trapping fungi but was positively related to microbial biomass.
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Schroeder, Jill, Michael J. Kenney, Stephen H. Thomas, and Leigh Murray. "Yellow Nutsedge Response to Southern Root-Knot Nematodes, Chile Peppers, and Metolachlor." Weed Science 42, no. 4 (December 1994): 534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500076906.
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Greenhouse experiments showed that yellow nutsedge shoot number and shoot and root dry weights were reduced by root-knot nematodes and chile peppers. Root-knot nematodes increased and chile peppers decreased the number of yellow nutsedge tubers. Yellow nutsedge tuber germination was reduced by chile peppers but not by root-knot nematodes. Yellow nutsedge established from root-knot nematode-infected tubers produced more tubers than noninfected tubers. Root-knot nematode populations became established on yellow nutsedge root systems when plants were established from tubers previously cultured with root-knot nematodes. Metolachlor stunted chile peppers, eliminated yellow nutsedge, and influenced root-knot nematode populations through reduction of host plant root mass. However, when root-knot nematodes were present, yellow nutsedge tuber germination was not affected by metolachlor. This research indicates that the pests do not exist independently and that their management may be interrelated.
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Kawanobe, Masanori, Soh Sugihara, Naoko Miyamaru, Koichi Yoshida, Eito Nonomura, Hiroaki Oshiro, and Koki Toyota. "Distribution of Root-Lesion and Stunt Nematodes, and Their Relationship with Soil Properties and Nematode Fauna in Sugarcane Fields in Okinawa, Japan." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060762.
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Sugarcane cultivation in Japan has not yet focused on suppressing plant-parasitic nematodes. For proper nematode management, it is essential to know the spatial distribution of economically important plant-parasitic nematodes and free-living nematodes that play important roles in terrestrial ecosystems. We aimed to reveal nematode fauna and soil properties in 85 sugarcane fields of three major sugarcane producing islands in Japan, and to examine their relationship by using the mixed-effect model and by visualizing the spatial distributions using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) approach. The nematode community structures were analyzed by non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Among plant-parasitic nematodes in sugarcane, the root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus sp.) and the stunt nematodes (Tylenchorhynchus sp.) were widely distributed in these islands, yet the abundance and the species varied geospatially. Soil pH was significantly correlated with the abundance of Pratylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus species. The abundance of Pratylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus species were significantly correlated with soil pH. The abundance of Pratylenchus was significantly correlated with the abundance of free-living nematodes, the number of free-living nematode species, and exchangeable cation K+, as were the abundance of Tylenchorhynchus to the clay content and that of non-Tylenchorhynchus. This study also revealed that the three islands had different nematode faunas, which were explained especially by soil pH, texture, and exchangeable basic cations.
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Toju, Hirokazu, and Yu Tanaka. "Consortia of anti-nematode fungi and bacteria in the rhizosphere of soybean plants attacked by root-knot nematodes." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 3 (March 2019): 181693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181693.
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Cyst and root-knot nematodes are major risk factors of agroecosystem management, often causing devastating impacts on crop production. The use of microbes that parasitize or prey on nematodes has been considered as a promising approach for suppressing phytopathogenic nematode populations. However, effects and persistence of those biological control agents often vary substantially depending on regions, soil characteristics and agricultural practices: more insights into microbial community processes are required to develop reproducible control of nematode populations. By performing high-throughput sequencing profiling of bacteria and fungi, we examined how root and soil microbiomes differ between benign and nematode-infected plant individuals in a soybean field in Japan. Results indicated that various taxonomic groups of bacteria and fungi occurred preferentially on the soybean individuals infected by root-knot nematodes or those uninfected by nematodes. Based on a network analysis of potential microbe–microbe associations, we further found that several fungal taxa potentially preying on nematodes ( Dactylellina (Orbiliales), Rhizophydium (Rhizophydiales), Clonostachys (Hypocreales), Pochonia (Hypocreales) and Purpureocillium (Hypocreales)) co-occurred in the soybean rhizosphere at a small spatial scale. This study suggests how ‘consortia’ of anti-nematode microbes can derive from indigenous (resident) microbiomes, providing basic information for managing anti-nematode microbial communities in agroecosystems.
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May, David B., Wendy A. Johnson, Peter C. Zuck, Chengci C. Chen, and Alan T. Dyer. "Assessment and Management of Root Lesion Nematodes in Montana Wheat Production." Plant Disease 100, no. 10 (October 2016): 2069–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-16-0176-re.
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Root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) hinder dryland wheat production worldwide. Montana, a leading U.S. wheat production region, has climatic conditions favorable for Pratylenchus spp. A 2006-2007 statewide soil survey revealed damaging populations of Pratylenchus neglectus, primarily in winter wheat production areas of Montana, whereas P. thornei was not found. Analyses of wheat yields in infested fields revealed negative correlations between yields and spring nematode populations (all P < 0.05 and all R2 > 0.2). Statewide yield losses due to root lesion nematodes were an estimated 12 and 15% for winter wheat in 2006 and 2007, respectively. A subsequent study conducted in 2008 to 2009 revealed significant differences in reproductive success of P. neglectus among seven rotation treatments (P < 0.001). Nematode populations persisted from spring to fall under fallow, barley, pea, and camelina; increased under winter wheat and canola; and decreased under lentil. Populations were sustained through winter following winter wheat and barley but declined following canola, camelina, pea, lentil, and fallow. A screening of 19 barley lines for resistance to P. neglectus revealed significant variation in resistance among entries (P < 0.001), with ‘Harrington’ barley displaying promising levels of resistance. Development of resistant wheat cultivars remains a principal goal in managing this nematode.
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RASHID, Uzma, Aijaz PANHWAR, Aisha FARHAN, Musarrat AKHTER, Nusrat JALBANI, and Durdana Rais HASHMI. "Nematicidal Effects of Various Fractions of Curcuma longa against Meloidogyne incognita (root knot nematodes)." Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.46592/turkager.2021.v02i01.013.
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Parasitism is an important limiting factor responsible to cause damage to agricultural production. Plant parasitic root knot nematodes attack several economic crops in Pakistan. Plant- parasitic nematodes considerably add huge losses to economies in the top tomatoes crop producing countries throughout the world, instead of controlling the main pathogenic nematode species as usual; one of the innovative strategies to control plant-parasitic nematodes would be to manage diversity in communities in order to lead them to be less pathogenic. The plants and their materials are one of the potential remedies for nematodes management. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) along with its several biological applications may serve as a biopesticide against Meloidogyne incognita, a nematode species. A bioassay guided isolation of various fractions of turmeric was subjected to nematicidal activity in comparison with Azadirachta indica against Meloidogyne incognita larvae at the concentration of 0.25, 0.5, and 1% for 48 hours. Alongside, Larvae and eggs of nematodes were inoculated around the tomato seedlings in experiments with turmeric in a growth chamber. The control contains water instead of turmeric. Root gall severity and final nematode population were suppressed significantly. It was observed that the use of turmeric is very important for selected plant parasitic nematodes management.
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Ebssa, Lemma, and Albrecht M. Koppenhöfer. "Entomopathogenic nematodes for the management of Agrotis ipsilon: effect of instar, nematode species and nematode production method." Pest Management Science 68, no. 6 (February 16, 2012): 947–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.3259.
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Viketoft, Maria, Adam Flöhr, Jan-Eric Englund, Jonas Kardell, and Eva Edin. "Additive effect of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans and the fungus Rhizoctonia solani on potato yield and damage." Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 127, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41348-020-00346-6.
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Abstract The significance of nematodes for disease development caused by other soil-borne pathogens has been demonstrated in many crops throughout the world and specifically prevalent are interactions between plant-parasitic nematodes and species of plant pathogenic fungi. Here, the interaction between the fungus Rhizoctonia solani (AG2) and the migratory endoparasitic root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans was investigated on potato. The hypotheses were that the combination of R. solani and P. penetrans would result in more severe canker lesions, reduced quality of the tubers and lower tuber yield, and we also expected higher nematode levels to render more nematode damage. To test this, potato plants were grown in pots in two replicate experiments and the presence and/or abundance of the two pathogens were controlled. The first three hypotheses were rejected as (1) the tuber yield decreased when the fungus and nematode occurred together but not more than the sum of their separate effects, i.e. additive, (2) there was no effect of presence of nematodes on the incidence of stem canker, and (3) the quality of tubers was actually partly improved as the presence of the nematodes reduced the likelihood of elephant hide on the tubers in one of the experiments. As expected, there were more visible nematode damages with addition of more nematodes, but beyond that the different nematode levels rendered in most cases similar responses. To have knowledge about interactions between pathogens, as the one showed here, is essential for disease control through appropriate management methods.
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Evans, T. A., L. C. Miller, B. L. Vasilas, R. W. Taylor, and R. P. Mulrooney. "Management of Xiphinema americanum and Soybean Severe Stunt in Soybean Using Crop Rotation." Plant Disease 91, no. 2 (February 2007): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-2-0216.
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Soybean severe stunt (SSS), caused by the Soybean severe stunt virus (SSSV), is a soilborne virus disease affecting soybean (Glycine max) first described in Delaware in 1988. Lack of breeding programs directed at incorporating resistance to SSSV in new cultivar releases necessitated alternative methods of SSS control. The effect of crops in 2-year rotations on the dagger nematode (Xiphinema americanum), the putative nematode vector of SSSV, and SSS severity were examined. Two years of continuous corn or grain sorghum, wheat followed by ‘HT-5203’ soybean, or 2-year fallow, reduced both dagger nematode density in the soil and SSS severity. Crop rotation to the SSSV-tolerant HT-5203 soybean as a single crop for 2 years increased dagger ematode populations and SSS severity. Greenhouse studies indicated that corn, wheat, marigold, castor, and fallow treatments reduced dagger nematodes the most after 14 weeks compared with ‘Essex’ and HT 5203 soybean.
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Zasada, Inga A., Megan Kitner, Catherine Wram, Nadine Wade, Russell E. Ingham, Saad Hafez, Hassan Mojtahedi, Sam Chavoshi, and Nancy Hammack. "Trends in Occurrence, Distribution, and Population Densities of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in the Pacific Northwest of the United States from 2012 to 2016." Plant Health Progress 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-11-18-0077-rs.
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The Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States (Idaho, Oregon, and Washington) is a diverse agricultural production area with over 400 different commodities grown in the region. Plant-parasitic nematodes are a constraint to the production of many of these commodities. Soil sample data from 2012 to 2016 were obtained from nematode diagnostic laboratories in the region to assess trends in occurrence, population densities, and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes in the PNW. A total of 38,022 unique data points were analyzed. The number of plant-parasitic nematode samples processed in the PNW by diagnostic laboratories has significantly increased from 2012 to 2016. Fifteen genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were identified by diagnostic laboratories, with 86% of the samples in the PNW containing at least one plant-parasitic nematode genus. These laboratories provide a valuable service to agriculture in the PNW. Additionally, they serve as a rich source of information on plant-parasitic nematode distribution, occurrence, and abundance that, when analyzed, provides an empirical basis upon which to interpret individual grower reports and make management recommendations.
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Webster, Theodore M., and Richard F. Davis. "Southern Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) Affects Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Interference with Cotton." Weed Science 55, no. 2 (April 2007): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-06-182.1.
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Southern Root-Knot nematode and common cocklebur interfere with cotton growth and yield. A greater understanding of the interaction of these pests with cotton growth and yield is needed for effective integrated pest management (IPM). An additive design was used in outdoor microplots with five common cocklebur densities (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 plants per plot) growing in competition with cotton, with and without the presence of southern Root-Knot nematode. Differences in cotton height could not be detected among common cocklebur densities or nematode presence at 3 wk after transplanting (WAT); however, differences in crop height were observed at 5 WAT between nematode treatments. In the absence of nematodes, the relationship between cotton yield loss and common cocklebur density was described by a rectangular hyperbolic regression model (P < 0.0001). Maximum yield loss from common cocklebur in the absence of nematodes exceeded 80%. In the presence of nematodes, there was a linear relationship between cotton yield loss and common cocklebur density (P = 0.0506). The presence of nematodes at each common cocklebur density increased cotton yield loss 15 to 35%. Common cocklebur plant biomass was 25% greater in nematode treatments, likely because of the reduced competitiveness of the cotton plants in these plots. This study demonstrates that multiple pests can interact to cause an additive reduction in crop yield.
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D’Addabbo, Laquale, Perniola, and Candido. "Biostimulants for Plant Growth Promotion and Sustainable Management of Phytoparasitic Nematodes in Vegetable Crops." Agronomy 9, no. 10 (October 7, 2019): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100616.
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The parasitism of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., can cause heavy yield losses to vegetable crops. Plant biostimulants are often reported for a side-suppressive effect on these pests and many commercial products are increasingly included in sustainable nematode control strategies. Source materials of most biostimulants derived from plant or seaweed raw materials were documented for a reliable suppression of root-knot nematode species, whereas the suppressiveness of microbial biostimulants was found largely variable, as related to the crop and to environmental factors. Chitosan-based biostimulants were also stated for a variable phytonematode suppression, though clearly demonstrated only by a few number of studies. In a preliminary experimental case study, four commercial biostimulants based on quillay extract (QE), sesame oil (SO), seaweeds (SE), or neem seed cake (NC) were comparatively investigated for their effects against the root-knot nematode M. incognita on potted tomato. Soil treatments with all the four biostimulants resulted in a significant reduction of nematode eggs and galls on tomato roots, though NC and SO were significantly more suppressive than QE or SE. In addition, almost all biostimulant treatments also resulted in a significant improvement of tomato growth compared to the non-treated control. These preliminary results seem to confirm the literature data and clearly indicate the potential role of biostimulants for a safe nematode management both in organic and integrated crop systems.
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MADAMOMBE, SANDRA M., ISAIAH NYAGUMBO, BRIGHTON M. MVUMI, PHILLIP NYAMUGAFATA, MENAS WUTA, and CLEOPAS C. CHINHEYA. "NEMATODE MANAGEMENT IN RAIN-FED SMALLHOLDER MAIZE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS UNDER CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE IN ZIMBABWE." Experimental Agriculture 54, no. 3 (April 25, 2017): 452–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479717000163.
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SUMMARYNematode infestation in Sub-Saharan Africa's (SSA) cropping systems, worsened by poor crop rotations, is a major factor contributing to limited utilisation of applied nutrients and water, leading to low maize (Zea mays L.) yields particularly on sandy soils. The effects of nematode infestation on maize productivity were evaluated under conservation agriculture (CA) on granitic sandy soils in sub-humid smallholder farms of Goromonzi district of Zimbabwe. Four treatments were tested for three seasons on six smallholder farmers’ fields in a randomised complete block design, each farm being a replicate: fenamiphos 40EC (a commercial synthetic nematicide), lime + fenamiphos 40EC, lime and an untreated control. Results of the study showed that independent application of fenamiphos 40EC and lime significantly reduced plant parasitic nematode infestations in maize roots by more than 10 times those present in the untreated plots while maize yield also increased significantly. Yield increase from fenamiphos and lime applications amounted to 53 and 42% respectively, compared to the untreated controls. Maize yield was negatively correlated with density of Pratylenchus spp. nematodes. Nematode management strategies involving fenamiphos 40EC or lime could significantly reduce maize yield losses in maize-based smallholder farming systems of SSA under CA. It was more economical to use fenamiphos than lime to control nematodes.
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Shaw, E. A., K. Denef, C. Milano de Tomasel, M. F. Cotrufo, and D. H. Wall. "Burning management in the tallgrass prairie affects root decomposition, soil food web structure and carbon flow." SOIL Discussions 2, no. 2 (September 10, 2015): 923–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-923-2015.
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Abstract. Root litter decomposition is a major component of carbon (C) cycling in grasslands, where it provides energy and nutrients for soil microbes and fauna. This is especially important in grasslands where fire is a common management practice and removes aboveground litter accumulation. In this study, we investigated whether fire affects root decomposition and C flow through the belowground food web. In a greenhouse experiment, we applied 13C-enriched big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) root litter to intact tallgrass prairie soil cores collected from annually burned (AB) and infrequently burned (IB) treatments at the Konza Prairie Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site. Incorporation of 13C into microbial phospholipid fatty acids and nematode trophic groups was measured on six occasions during a 180-day decomposition study to determine how C was translocated through the soil food web. Results showed significantly different soil communities between treatments and higher microbial abundance for IB. Root decomposition occurred rapidly and was significantly greater for AB. Microbes and their nematode consumers immediately assimilated root litter C in both treatments. Root litter C was preferentially incorporated in a few groups of microbes and nematodes, but depended on burn treatment: fungi, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and fungivore nematodes for AB and only omnivore nematodes for IB. The overall microbial pool of root litter-derived C significantly increased over time but was not significantly different between burn treatments. The nematode pool of root litter-derived C also significantly increased over time, and was significantly higher for the AB treatment at 35 and 90 days after litter addition. In conclusion, the C flow from root litter to microbes to nematodes is not only measurable, but significant, indicating that higher nematode trophic levels are critical components of C flow during root decomposition which, in turn, is significantly affected by fire management practices. Not only does fire affect the soil community and root decomposition for Konza Prairie LTER soils, but the lower microbial abundance, greater root turnover, and the increased incorporation of root litter C by microbes and nematodes for AB suggests that tallgrass prairie management through annual burning increases root litter-derived C flow through the soil food web.
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Zasada, I. A., and H. Ferris. "Sensitivity of Meloidogyne javanica and Tylenchulus semipenetrans to Isothiocyanates in Laboratory Assays." Phytopathology® 93, no. 6 (June 2003): 747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.6.747.
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Isothiocyanates are released through enzymatic degradation of glucosinolates produced by plants in the family Brassicaceae. Glucosinolate profiles differ among plant species and the isothiocyanate derivatives differ in their toxicity to nematodes. Control of plant-parasitic nematodes in soil by isothiocyanates released from incorporated brassicaceous plant material has been inconsistent. Success might be improved with knowledge of the relative toxicities of various isothiocyanates against nematodes. Laboratory assays were conducted to determine lethal concentration (LC) values in sand of seven commercially available isothiocyanates against Tylenchulus semipenetrans and Meloidogyne javanica. The LC90 values were 0.01 and 0.03 μmol/ml for 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate and 0.48 and 0.35 μmol/ml for phenyl isothiocyanate for T. semipenetrans and M. javanica, respectively. Brassicaceous sources of benzyl or 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate and, to a lesser extent allyl isothiocyanate, are the most promising candidates for plant-parasitic nematode management. The broader context of this research is the development of approaches for consistent and reliable use of plant-derived chemicals for nematode management. The strategy is to select plants in the family Brassicaceae based on their glucosinolate profiles and the sensitivity of the target nematode species to the associated isothiocyanates.
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Niblack, T. L. "Soybean Cyst Nematode Management Reconsidered." Plant Disease 89, no. 10 (October 2005): 1020–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-1020.
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Winsor, Susan. "Nematode Management in the South." Crops & Soils 53, no. 6 (November 2020): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crso.20082.
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Duncan, Larry W. "Current Options for Nematode Management." Annual Review of Phytopathology 29, no. 1 (September 1991): 469–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.29.090191.002345.
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Souza, Tancredo, Lucas Sombra Barbosa, Edjane Oliveira de Lucena, Luan Nunes de Melo, Guilherme Silva de Podestá, and Djail Santos. "Non-legume plant species effects on soil nematodes abundance in a Regosol." Agropecuária Técnica 40, no. 1-2 (November 20, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.25066/agrotec.v40i1-2.39488.
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The effects of a non-legume cover crop on total soil nematode abundance and soil groups of nematodes were investigated in a long-term field study. We compared total abundance of soil nematode and the abundance of both free-living soil nematode and root-feeding soil nematode under three different treatments (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., native weeds and Caatinga moist-forest enclaves treatments) in a long-term field study cultivated on a Regosol. We found the highest abundance of free-living soil nematode in the Caatinga moist-forest enclaves treatment, whereas the highest abundance of root-feeding nematode was found in the native weeds treatment. We did not find any difference among P. glaucum and native weeds treatments for total abundance of soil nematode. Our findings suggest that the introduction of P. glaucum in sandy soil of Brazilian semiarid can increase the abundance of free-living nematode, but in other hand this cover crop did not reduce the abundance of root-feeding nematode. Our results also highlight the importance of considering the identification of soil nematode groups as indicator of soil quality and impacts of soil management.
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Tanimola, Adebowale Adegboyega, A. O. Asimiea, and G. Uwaoma. "NEMATODE PARASITES OF WATERLEAF (Talinum triangulare) IN OBIO-AKPOR AND IKWERRE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0501-547.
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Waterleaf, Talinum triangulare is cultivated in home gardens and fields to improve nutritional quality for the family and a source of livelihood for farmers. However, the role of T. triangulare is often counteracted by plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs). Effective management of PPNs will depend on the identification and determination of their population and distribution. A survey was conducted in two Local Government Areas (LGAs), Ikwerre and Obio-Akpor of Rivers State to identify plant-parasitic nematodes associated with waterleaf. Multistage random sampling technique was employed in the collection of 60 bulked soil and root samples across six waterleaf monoculture farming communities. The nematodes were extracted, identified and their population determined using standard procedures. Occurrences, relative importance values (RIV) and diversity indices were determined. Other data were analysed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. Six plant-parasitic nematodes genera were encountered in this study, Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus, Paratylenchus, Meloidogyne, Scutellonema and Tylenchulus. Pratylenchus and Helicotylenchus were the most frequently occurring nematode pest genera with equal relative frequency of occurrence of 38.89%. Pratylenchus species with RIV of 61.34% was the most important nematode pest associated with waterleaf across the six farm communities. The dominance index of 0.71 for the nematode genera showed that some nematode species dominated others. Alakahia farms had the highest population of plant-parasitic nematodes (2,780) across the six farm communities, whereas Omagwa farms had the lowest (250). The study showed that nematode pests are associated with waterleaf and could be contributing to yield losses in this crop
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Arieira, Giovani De Oliveira, Débora Cristina Santiago, Júlio Cezar Franchini, and Maria De Fátima Guimarães. "Depth-stratified soil sampling for assessing nematode communities." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 2 (April 26, 2016): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n2p715.
Full textAbstract:
This study assessed the importance of stratified soil sampling on the detection (and therefore the distribution) of nematode communities and the differentiation of ecosystems by collecting stratified soil samples at intervals of 10 cm and non-stratified samples from 0 to 30 cm in two soil management systems (no-tillage and conventional tillage) and in a native forest fragment. The nematode frequency and prominence values were obtained after extraction by successive screening operations, sugar floatation clarification and the identification of nematodes to the genus level. The nematode communities were compared two-by-two based on Sorensen’s community coefficient (CC) and the percentage similarity (PS). Relative abundances of functional guilds were subjected to a principal component analysis (PCA) and classified in dendrograms. Thirty-two edaphic nematode genera were found, and the nematode communities sampled on a non-stratified basis in the soil profile exhibited a high level of similarity because they could not be accurately characterized. Genera with low abundances were not detected. In the stratified samples, we were able to classify and group the nematodes present at different depths, mainly from 0 to 10 cm. Stratified soil sampling allowed a more accurate characterization and greater differentiation of nematode communities, identifying taxa that occurred at lower abundance levels, irrespective of frequency.
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Al-Khafaji, Riyadh T., Erin E. Gunnink Troth, Kris N. Lambert, Jeffrey A. Johnston, and Alan T. Dyer. "Pathotypes Detected Among Populations of Pratylenchus neglectus Collected From Montana." Plant Disease 103, no. 12 (December 2019): 3259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-18-2234-re.
Full textAbstract:
The root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus, is one of the most damaging nematodes to affect wheat worldwide. The nematode is widely distributed in Montana, primarily affecting winter wheat within the state. Managing the nematode primarily involves rotation to resistant and moderately resistant crops (peas, lentils, and barley). A nematode survey was conducted across the state nearly 10 years after an initial survey, to reassess the nematode threat and assess the impact of changing trends in crop rotations. To assess the broad applicability of rotation crops to control P. neglectus across Montana, greenhouse trials were conducted to challenge rotational crops using eight populations of P. neglectus collected from geographically diverse locations across the state. In the trials, conducted with four Montana crops, a significant interaction was detected between crop and nematode population (analysis of variance P < 0.001). Populations from Hill, Dawson, and Chouteau counties were found to be pathogenic on barley. Male nematodes were detected in seven of the eight pot culture populations, and these were confirmed to be P. neglectus by morphological and molecular methods. These results suggest a re-evaluation of barley and lentils as a management option for P. neglectus in Montana, as pathotypes for each exist within the state.
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Wang, Zhenhua, Haiyan Wu, Jing Liu, and Xiuxia Li. "Temporal-spatial population density of Heterodera glycines in soybean roots during the early growth stage." Nematology 13, no. 1 (2011): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138855410x500091.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPrevious research found that the population density of Heterodera glycines in soybean fields fluctuated during the growth of soybeans. However, the population density in soybean root was unclear. In this study, the dynamics of soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines, race 4) in soybean roots were investigated over a period of 2 years. Soybean plant roots were sampled during a period of 7-37 days after seedling emergence, and SCN in taproots and lateral root were counted. The results indicated that the total population density of nematodes increased with the growth of soybean roots, showing a sigmoid curve. A comparison of nematode density between taproots and lateral roots showed a decrease in the numbers of nematodes in taproots and an increase in the numbers in lateral roots with increasing age of the plants. There was an overall decrease in nematode numbers with increasing soil depth. Our results show that most of the nematodes were found in roots from 5-15 cm soil depths (2006, 81.3-91.4%; 2007, 86.6-97.6%) during the soybean seedling growth stage, which may provide some useful information for integrated management of soybean cyst nematode.