Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nematodes - Classification

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Academic literature on the topic 'Nematodes - Classification'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Nematodes - Classification"

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HODDA, M. "Phylum Nematoda: trends in species descriptions, the documentation of diversity, systematics, and the species concept." Zootaxa 5114, no. 1 (2022): 290–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5114.1.2.

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This paper summarizes the trends in nematode species description and systematics emerging from a comparison of the latest comprehensive classification and census of Phylum Nematoda (Hodda 2022a, b) with earlier classifications (listed in Hodda 2007). It also offers some general observations on trends in nematode systematics emerging from the review of the voluminous literature used to produce the classification. The trends in nematodes can be compared with developments in the systematics of other organisms to shed light on many of the general issues confronting systematists now and into the future.
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HODDA, MIKE. "Phylum Nematoda*." Zootaxa 1668, no. 1 (2007): 265–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.14.

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The systematics of nematodes is reviewed, including: an overview of the general biology, ecology, scientific and economic importance of the group; a history of classification; evolutionary affinities and origins of nematodes; and the current diagnosis of the group. Alternative classifications within the Phylum Nematoda are discussed, and a classification to family level incorporating the latest molecular, developmental and morphological research is presented. This classification reflects the current views on evolution within the phylum, as well as significant areas of uncertainty, particularly related to the early evolution of nematodes. It includes 5 classes, 9 subclasses, 23 superorders, 39 orders, 52 suborders, 89 superfamilies and 241 families. There are few changes at the superfamily and family levels.
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HODDA, M. "Phylum Nematoda: a classification, catalogue and index of valid genera, with a census of valid species." Zootaxa 5114, no. 1 (2022): 1–289. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5114.1.1.

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A classification of the entire Phylum Nematoda is presented, based on current molecular, developmental and morphological evidence. The classification reflects the evolutionary relationships within the phylum, as well as significant areas of uncertainty, particularly related to the early evolution of nematodes. It includes 3 classes, 8 subclasses, 12 superorders, 32 orders, 53 suborders, 101 superfamilies, 276 families, 511 subfamilies, 3030 genera, and 28537 species. All valid species named from the time of publication of the previous classification and census (2010) to the end of 2019 are listed, along with the number of valid species in each genus. Taxonomic authorities are provided for taxon names of all ranks. The habitats where the species in each genus are found are listed, and an alphabetic index of genus names is provided. The systematics of nematodes is reviewed, along with a history of nematode classification; evolutionary affinities and origins of nematodes; and the current diagnosis of the group. Short overviews of the general biology, ecology, scientific and economic importance of the group are presented.
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Angeline, Natalia, Nabila Husna Shabrina, and Siwi Indarti. "Faster region-based convolutional neural network for plant-parasitic and non-parasitic nematode detection." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 30, no. 1 (2023): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v30.i1.pp316-324.

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Nematodes represent very abundant and the largest species diversity in the world. Nematodes, which live in a soil environment, possess several functions in agricultural systems. There are two huge groups of soil nematodes, a non-parasitic nematode, which contributes positively to ecological processes, and a plant-parasitic nematode, which cause various disease and reduces yield losses in the agricultural system. Early detection and classification in the agricultural area infected with plant-parasitic nematode and interpreting the soil level condition in this area required a fast and reliable detection system. However, nematode identification is challenging and time-consuming due to their similar morphology. This study applied a pre-trained faster region-based convolutional neural network (RCNN) for plant-parasitic and non-parasitic nematodes detection. These deep learning-based object detection models gave satisfactory results as the accuracy reached 87.5%.
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Santamour, Frank. "Susceptibility of Maples to Root-Knot Nematodes." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 18, no. 5 (1992): 262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1992.051.

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Seedlings of 19 maple (Acei) species, representing 11 of the 23 botanical sections recognized in the genus, were inoculated with the common root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne arenaria (two races), M. hapla, M. incognita and M. javanica, and 10 species with M. querciana, the oak rootknot nematode. Some major landscape species, such as A saccharum and A. pseudoplatanus, were tolerant or resistant to all nematodes. Most of the other widely grown maples were susceptible to at least one of the common nematodes. Susceptibility to M. hapla appeared to be related to the sectional classification of maples. None of the maple species tested was susceptible to the oak root-knot nematode.
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Bhat, Kaisar Ahmad, Rakeeb Ahmad Mir, Asmat Farooq, et al. "Advances in Nematode Identification: A Journey from Fundamentals to Evolutionary Aspects." Diversity 14, no. 7 (2022): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14070536.

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Nematodes are non-segmented roundworms evenly distributed with various habitats ranging to approximately every ecological extremity. These are the least studied organisms despite being the most diversified group. Nematodes are the most critical equilibrium-maintaining factors, having implications on the yield and health of plants as well as well-being of animals. However, taxonomic knowledge about nematodes is scarce. As a result of the lack of precise taxonomic features, nematode taxonomy remains uncertain. Morphology-based identification has proved inefficacious in identifying and exploring the diversity of nematodes, as there are insufficient morphological variations. Different molecular and new evolving methodologies have been employed to augment morphology-based approaches and bypass these difficulties with varying effectiveness. These identification techniques vary from molecular-based targeting DNA or protein-based targeting amino acid sequences to methods for image processing. High-throughput approaches such as next-generation sequencing have also been added to this league. These alternative approaches have helped to classify nematodes and enhanced the base for increased diversity and phylogeny of nematodes, thus helping to formulate increasingly more nematode bases for use as model organisms to study different hot topics about human well-being. Here, we discuss all the methods of nematode identification as an essential shift from classical morphometric studies to the most important modern-day and molecular approaches for their identification. Classification varies from DNA/protein-based methods to the use of new emerging methods. However, the priority of the method relies on the quality, quantity, and availability of nematode resources and down-streaming applications. This paper reviews all currently offered methods for the detection of nematodes and known/unknown and cryptic or sibling species, emphasizing modern-day methods and budding molecular techniques.
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Riemann, Franz, V. V. Malakhov, G. V. Bentz, and W. D. Hope. "Nematodes: Structure, Development, Classification, and Phylogeny." Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 113, no. 2 (1994): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3226648.

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Lambshead, P. John D. "Nematodes — Structure, development, classification and phylogeny." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 185, no. 1 (1995): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(95)90013-6.

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Lewis, John W. "Nematodes: structure, development, classification and phylogeny." Parasitology Today 11, no. 2 (1995): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(95)80127-8.

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Mavlyanov, O., U. Mirzaev, N. Khakimov, and S. Narzullaev. "Ecological Features of Vegetable Nematodafaunal Species of the Samarkand Region in the Territory of the Middle Course of the Zarafshan River." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 9 (September 15, 2022): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/82/26.

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The purpose of the research: Analysis of the composition of the nematode fauna of vegetable crops in the territory of the middle reaches of the Zarafshan (Uzbekistan) according to their ecological characteristics. Materials and methods. To isolate plant nematodes from plants and root soil, a modified Berman funnel method was used. In total, more than 5,400 plant and soil samples were collected and analyzed. To identify the species of phytoparasitic nematodes, we used the atlas of phytonematodes compiled at the Institute of Parasitology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as morphometric indicators obtained using the generally accepted de Man formula. Nematodes are divided into ecological groups according to A. Paramonov and the Eates classification was used. In the process of studying the nematode fauna of tomato, cucumber and bell pepper from vegetable fields, samples of the ground parts of the vegetative organs, the root system, as well as samples of the root soil (rhizosphere) of these plants, taken at a depth of up to 20 cm, were found in the samples of all 102 species of nematodes (more than 13 thousand) were analyzed individually, as well as an analysis of known ecological groups was carried out in terms of their distribution in biotopes, feeding methods, and relationships with plants. As a result of the research, 102 nematode species found were analyzed and divided into 5 ecological groups. These groups, in turn, were subdivided into 8 small subgroups. It became known that in the study area, by the number of individuals among pararhizobionts, species belonging to the genera Rhabditis, Eudorylaimus, Monhystera dominated or played the role of subdominants, among parasitic plant nematodes species, representatives of the genera Tylenchus, Ditylenchus, Pratylenchus. It was found that in the nematode fauna of the studied species of vegetable crops, root-knot nematodes belonging to the genus Meloidogyne are the most widespread species.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nematodes - Classification"

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Duong, Duc Hieu, Thi Thu Nga Bui, Thi Diem Thuy Tran, Thi Minh Phuong Nguyen, Huu Hung Nguyen, and Vu Thanh Nguyen. "Analysing the characteristics of soil nematode communities at pepper (Piper nigrum L.) cultivation area in Loc Hung commune, Loc Ninh district, Binh Phuoc province." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-99484.

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Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is a high economic value plant species that brings the main income to the people at Loc Hung commune. So the pepper’s yield plays a significant role in people’s life in this region. To assess the influence of environmental factors on the growth and development of pepper, we need to analyse the structural characteristics of soil nematode communities in order to promptly detect the levels of parasitic nematodes infection as well as assessment of soil environment status based on nematode communities. Study results at five sampling stations are analyses of 30 genera of nematodes belonging to 6 major trophic groups (bacterial feeders, fungal feeders, algal feeders, omnivores, carnivores and plant parasites). Calculation results of indices such as SMI, SMI2-5, MI and PPI showed that soil nematodes community is very little affected by the bacteria feeder group and the rate of parasitic nematode pepper quite severe. Analysis of correlation between trophic groups showed that nematodes are sensitive to environmental factors. This means the potential use of nematodes as a biological indicator for soil quality is possible<br>Hồ tiêu (Piper nigrum L.) là cây trồng có giá trị kinh tế cao và là nguồn thu nhập chính của người dân tại xã Lộc Hưng. Do đó, năng suất cây tiêu có ý nghĩa rất lớn đối với đời sống người dân trong vùng. Để đánh giá ảnh hưởng của các yếu tố môi trường lên sự sinh trưởng và phát triển của cây tiêu, cần phải phân tích đặc trưng cấu trúc quần xã tuyến trùng đất của vùng nhằm phát hiện kịp thời mức độ nhiễm tuyến trùng ký sinh trên hồ tiêu cũng như đánh giá nhanh hiện trạng môi trường đất dựa trên quần xã tuyến trùng. Kết quả nghiên cứu tại 5 điểm thu mẫu phân tích được 30 giống tuyến trùng thuộc 6 nhóm dinh dưỡng chính (ăn vi khuẩn, ăn nấm, ăn tảo, ăn tạp, ăn thịt và ký sinh thực vật). Kết quả tính toán các chỉ số ΣMI, ΣMI2-5, MI và PPI cho thấy quần xã tuyến trùng đất ở đây rất ít chịu ảnh hưởng của nhóm ăn vi khuẩn và tỷ lệ hồ tiêu nhiễm ký sinh khá nặng. Phân tích tương quan giữa các nhóm dinh dưỡng cho thấy tuyến trùng khá nhạy cảm với các yếu tố môi trường, điều này cho thấy tiềm năng sử dụng tuyến trùng như một sinh vật chỉ thị cho chất lượng môi trường đất
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Kamitani, Fernando Luiz. "Caracterização molecular de isolados de nematóides entomopatogênicos, Heterorhabditis spp. e seus simbiontes, Photorhabdus spp., provenientes de Monte Negro, RO." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-18102010-082658/.

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Os isolados de nematóides entomopatogênicos provenientes do solo de Monte Negro (RO) receberam o prefixo LPP seguido de um número sequencial. As linhagens de bactérias simbiontes receberam o prefixo MN como referência ao local de isolamento. As culturas dos isolados de nematóides entomopatogênicos LPP foram estabelecidas em nosso laboratório, sendo necessário cultivar também o lepidóptero Galleria mellonella para as infeções visando manter os nematóides em cultura. Os isolados, tanto de nematóides como das bactérias, foram identificados através do sequenciamento de genes ribossômicos (ITS 1 e 2 além do 5.8S para os nematóides e 16S para as bactérias). Análises integradas, abrangendo morfologia (em colaboração com a Dra. Claudia Dolinski e Inês Machado) e análises filogenéticas permitiram a identificação dos nematóides. Essas análises morfomoleculares mostram que as linhagens não podem ser descritas como novas espécies, baseadas apenas no local de isolamento, mas como pertencentes à espécies já descritas e bem caracterizadas. As linhagens de nematóides foram identificadas como pertencentes a duas espécies do gênero Heterorhabditis (Rhabditida): Heterorhabditis baujardi (LPP5, 7, 8, 10 e 11) Heterorhabditis indica (LPP1, 2, 3, 4, 9). A bactéria entomopatogênica simbionte isolada a partir do nematoide Heterorhabditis baujardi linhagem LPP7 foi identificada como pertencente à espécie Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. luminescens linhagem MN7. Análises filogenéticas mostram que há similaridade entre o isolado bacteriano e as outras linhagens já descritas de Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. luminescens. Ao mesmo tempo em que eram isoladas as bactérias simbiontes, ocorreu o isolamento de outra espécie de bactéria forética dos nematóides entomopatogênicos, identificada após sequenciamento parcial do 16S, como pertencentes ao gênero Ochrobactrum. As linhagens isoladas foram denominadas OMN2, OMN3, OMN4.<br>The entomopathogenic nematodes isolates from Monte Negro (RO) soils received the prefix LPP followed by a sequential number. The strains of bacterial symbionts received the prefix MN as a reference to its isolation site. Cultures of LPP entomopathogenic nematodes were established in our laboratory and the need for suitable hosts were supplied by cultivating the lepidopteran Galleria mellonella. Nematode and bacterial isolates were identified through ribosomal genes (ITS 1 and 2, 5.8S for nematodes and 16S for bacteria) sequencing. Integrated analysis, including morphology (in collaboration with Dr. Claudia Dolinski and Inês Machado) and a phylogenetic approach allowed the identification of nematodes. These morpho-molecular analysis clearly showed that our strains can not be described as new species, solely based on the isolation site critheria. It should be described as belonging to previously described and well characterized species. The nematode strains were identified as belonging to two species of the genus Heterorhabditis (Rhabditida): Heterorhabditis baujardi (LPP5, 7, 8, 10 and 11) Heterorhabditis indica (LPP1, 2, 3, 4, 9). The entomopathogenic bacterial symbiont isolated from the nematode Heterorhabditis baujardi strain LPP7 was identified as belonging to the species Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. luminescens strain MN7. Phylogenetic analysis showed similarities between isolated bacterial strains and other previously described Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. luminescens strains. In paralel work, along with bacterial symbionts isolation, other entomopathogenic nematodes foretic bacteria were isolated and identified after partial sequencing of 16S, as belonging to the genus Ochrobactrum. The isolated strains were named OMN2, OMN3, OMN4.
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Duong, Duc Hieu, Xuan Quang Ngo, Dang Giap Do, Thi Anh Hong Le, Vu Thanh Nguyen, and Nic Smol. "Effective control of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) cake to plant parasitic nematodes and fungi in black pepper diseases in vitro: Research article." Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29103.

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Neem cake is a product of the cold pressing from the neem kernels to obtain neem oil. Bio-active substances from neem cake extracted solutions were evaluated for their potential to control the root knot nematodes and other pests of plants. In this study different concentrations of the solution extracted from neem cake was tested against the second stage juveniles of the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne spp. and four phytopathogenic fungi: Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. and Phytopthora capsici. Toxicity of neem cake extractions is represented by the EC50 value for the second-stage juvenile (J2) of Meloidogyne spp. and the four phytopathogenic fungi via Probit analysis. A 5% dilution of the solvent extracting from neem cake already caused 100% larval mortality after 24 hours exposure. Undiluted neem cake extraction effectively inhibited the growth of the four phytopathogenic fungi. The EC50 value of neem cake on J2-larvae of Meloidogyne nematode and on the fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. and Phytophthora capsici was 0.51, 0.74, 0.30, 0.51 and 4.33%, respectively.<br>Bánh dầu neem là sản phẩm của quá trình ép nhân hạt neem để lấy dầu. Các hoạt chất sinh học từ dịch chiết bánh dầu neem đã được đánh giá có tiềm năng lớn trong phòng trừ tuyến trùng nốt sưng và các loài dịch hại khác của nhiều loại cây trồng. Trong nghiên cứu này các nồng độ dịch chiết khác nhau của bánh dầu neem đã được thử nghiệm khả năng diệt tuyến trùng (ấu trùng tuổi 2 thuộc giống Meloidogyne spp.) và ức chế 4 loài nấm bệnh như: Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. và Phytopthora capsici. Độc tính của dịch chiết bánh dầu neem được biểu diễn bởi giá trị EC50 đối với ấu trùng tuổi 2 của tuyến trùng Meloidogyne spp. và các loài nấm bệnh thông qua phân tích Probit. Dịch chiết bánh dầu neem ở nồng độ 5% đã làm chết 100% cá thể IJ2 của Meloidogyne spp sau 24 giờ phơi nhiễm. Dịch nguyên chất bánh dầu neem ức chế cả 4 loài nấm bệnh. Giá trị EC50 của bánh dầu neem lên ấu trùng tuổi 2 của Meloidogyne spp và các loài nấm bệnh Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. and Phytophthora capsici tương ứng là 0.51, 0.74, 0.30, 0.51 và 4.33%.
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Doshi, Rushabh Ashok. "SELF-ORGANIZING MAPS FOR CLASSIFICATION AND PREDICTION OF NEMATODE POPULATIONS IN COTTON." MSSTATE, 2007. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-03312007-104040/.

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In this work, different Rotylenchulus reniformis nematode population numbers affecting cotton plants were spectrally classified using Self-Organized Maps. The hyperspectral reflectance of cotton plants affected by different nematode population numbers were analyzed in order to extract information from the signal that would lead to a fieldworthy methodology for predicting nematode population numbers extant in a plant's rhizosphere. Hyperspectral reflectances from both control and field nematode infestations were used in this work. Various feature extraction and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., PCA, DWT, and SOM-based methods) were used to extract a reduced set of features. These extracted features were then classified using a supervised SOM classification method. Additionally, this work explores the possibility of combining the standard feature extraction methods with self-organized maps to extract a reduced set of features in order to increase classification accuracies.
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Scheibel, Raymond Philip. "THE SYSTEMATICS OF MARSUPIAL PARASITES IN VIANNAIIDAE (NEMATODA): A NEW SPECIES AND A RECONSTRUCTION OF CHARACTERS USEFUL IN THEIR CLASSIFICATION." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1156.

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One of the most diverse groups of parasitic nematodes includes the nematodes of the suborder Trichostrongylina. Trichostrongyle systematic classification is based on the study of the anterior end, the female reproductive system, the male copulatory bursa and cuticular ridges, which make up the synlophe. These morphological characters also assist taxonomists to characterize species and assign them into one of the three superfamilies. Heligmosomoidea is the most diverse superfamily, including Viannaiidae. This family represents one of the major evolutionary radiations of trichostrongyles in South America. Members of Viannaiidae parasitize a variety of mammals endemic to the Neotropics including, but not limited to, the opossums. Viannaiids have great morphological variation in the reproductive organs of the females and the secondary sexual structures of the males (e.g., rays in the bursa). Consequently, the placement of these species in classification schemes has drastically changed over time. The prevailing taxonomy relies on the host used by the parasites as well as their geographic distribution. Viannaiidae has always included monodelphic nematodes with simple synlophes, yet it eventually included species in the genus Travassostrongylus, which the morphology is very distinct from the rest of the members of the family. Differences pertain to a greater number of ridges of the synlophe and the didelphic female reproductive system. These features are more similar to trichostrongyles in Herpetostrongylidae and Nicollinidae, which infect Australian vertebrates, the majority of which are marsupials. I herein document the diversity of this group by reporting the presence of a putative new species and use five gene regions to reconstruct the phylogeny of Viannaiidae exclusive of didelphid marsupials. I used the resulting phylogeny to test the monophyly of Travassostrongylus and Viannaia and to reconstruct the character evolution of the monodelphic/didelphic condition and the ornamentation of the cuticle. The phylogeny indicates that Viannaiidae is not monophyletic, recovering a clade with the Travassostrongylus species and trichostrongyles from Australian fauna. The tests for character reconstruction assist in determining that the didelphic condition and the presence of dorsal synlophe ridges in Travassostrongylus and Austrostrongylus may be traits inherited from a common ancestor. Furthermore, it was apparent that a character change from didelphic to monodelphic occurred in the common ancestor of the Viannaia species. This ancestor also underwent a change from a dorsal cuticle with ridges to a smooth cuticle. Though the study suggests that Viannaiidae is not monophyletic, the inclusion of more species from these genera and the viannaiids found in hystricognaths from the New World rodents will conclusively determine the affinities of the members of the family. Finally, I suggest that the relationship between the species in Travassostrongylus and the Australian parasites dates to the Gondwana landmass and that these trichostrongyles, or their ancestors, were present in the marsupials of that time period. The examination of microbiotheriids could provide more information and illuminate the factors that led to the evolutionary relationship between the parasites of America and Australia.
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Aung, Swe. "Biodiversity, systematics and ecology of nematode-trapping fungi from Hong Kong." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41634214.

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Hille, Gildo. "Untersuchungen zum Endoparasitenbefall des Muffelwildes in Thüringen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-33655.

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Es wurden die Aufbrüche von 104 Mufflons aus insgesamt 9 Herkunftsgebieten in Thüringen parasitologisch untersucht. Im Enddarmkot aller Tiere waren Parasitenentwicklungsstadien nachweisbar. Bei der parasitologischen Sektion der Aufbrüche wurden insgesamt 32 Nematodenarten (27 Arten im Magen-Darm-Kanal sowie 5 Arten in der Lunge), 2 Zestodenarten und eine Trematodenart in der Leber nachgewiesen. Es traten dabei Mischinfektionen mit bis zu 15 Nematodenarten im Gastrointestinaltrakt bzw. mit bis zu 3 Nematodenarten in der Lunge der Mufflons auf. Alle Tiere waren mit Magen-Darm-Nematoden befallen, 97 % mit Lungenwürmern, 16 % mit Leberegeln, während der Zestodenbefall unter 2% lag. Die am häufigsten gefundenen Nematoden im Verdauungskanal (Prävalenz) waren Ostertagia (O.) circumcincta (96,1 %), Trichostrongylus axei (92,2 %), Haemonchus contortus (60,8 %), O. pinnata und Oesophagostomum venulosum (je 56,7 %). Erstmals als Parasiten des einheimischen Muffelwildes wurden O. pinnata, Cooperia oncophora und Nematodirus europaeus nachgewiesen. Der Labmagen war der am stärksten parasitierte Abschnitt des Verdauungskanals, gefolgt von Dünn- und Dickdarm. Mit zunehmendem Alter stieg die Befallsstärke mit Magen-Darm-Nematoden. In den Lungen dominierte Muellerius capillaris (Prävalenz 95,3 %). Die Endoparasitenfauna der Mufflons wurde dominiert durch für Schaf und Ziege typische oder breitwirtige Arten zu denen mit geringerer Häufigkeit und Anzahl Helminthenarten kamen, die für Zerviden (Rot-, Dam- und/oder Rehwild) charakteristisch sind, mit denen die Mufflons den Lebensraum teilen. Auf Grund der sehr nahen Verwandtschaft des Wildschafes Mufflon mit dem Hausschaf bestehen eher Berührungspunkte mit der landwirtschaftlichen Schafhaltung<br>A total of 104 mouflon originated from nine hunting areas in Thuringia were examined for parasites. The rectal faecal samples of all animals were positive for parasite stages. In total 32 species of nematodes (27 species of gastrointestinal nematodes, five species of lungworm); two species of cestode, and one species of trematode were observed. There were recorded multiple infections comprising up to 15 nematode species in the gastrointestinal tract and up to three nematode species in the lungs. All animals examined harboured gastrointestinal nematodes, 97 % harboured lungworms, 16 % liver flukes, whereas the cestode burden was smaller than 2 %. The most prevalent species of the gastrointestinal tract were Ostertagia(O.) circumcincta (96.1 %), Trichostrongylus axei (92.2 %), Haemonchus contortus (60.8 %), O. pinnata and Oesophagostomum venulosum (56.7 % each). O. pinnata, Cooperia oncophora and Nematodirus europaeus were recorded for the first time in the mouflon in Germany. The abomasum of the mouflon harboured the highest worm burden, followed by the small intestine and the large intestine. With advancing years of the mouflon the gastrointestinal nematode counts were increased. Muellerius capillaris was the dominating species in the lungs (prevalence 95.3 %) The endoparasite fauna of the mouflon was characterized by species which are typical parasites of sheep and goats and species which are considered to have a low degree of host specifity only. In addition to these species, parasites typical for red deer, fallow deer and/or roe deer which share the habitat with the mouflon were recorded with lower prevalence and number. The close relation of the mouflon and domestic sheep is very likely of greater importance regarding the subject of cross infections
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Nguyen, Dang Minh Chanh, and Woo Jin Jung. "Nematicidal properties of crude extracts obtained from medicinal plants against rootlesion nematode Pratylenchus coffeae: Research article." Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29108.

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To investigate nematicidal activity against the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus coffeae, the methanolic extracts were obtained from 5 medicinal plants in Vietnam. Methanol extracts of the 5 samples were screened for nematicidal activity against Pratylenchus coffeae in vitro. Of the plant extracts tested, a 5 mg/ml concentration of Terminalia nigrovenulosa extract showed the highest level (95.0%) of nematicidal activity against Pratylenchus coffeae at 9 h after treatment. The remainder of the plant extracts was followed by Cinnamomum camphora (66.7%), Jasminum suptriplinerve (30.8%), Premna integrifolia (6.7%), and Treptocaulon juventas (5.8%). A 2.0 mg/ml concentration of T. nigrovenulosa resulted in 13.3, 42.5, 62.5 and 86.7% at 1, 3, 5 and 7 h after treatment, respectively against Pratylenchus coffeae. Concentration of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml of T. nigrovenulosa resulted in 26.7, 71.7, 78.3 and 86.7% effectiveness respectively, at 7 h after treatment. Also, at 3 days after exposure to T. nigrovenulosa, hatch was inhibited by 60.0, 45.8, 17.5 and 5.8% at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml, respectively. Hatch was inhibited by 65.0, 50.8, 21.7 and 6.7% at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml respectvely, at 6 days after exposure to T. nigrovenulosa. The mortality rate and hatch inhibition increased with increasing incubation time for crude extract of T. nigrovenulosa.<br>Trong nghiên cứu này, 5 cây thuốc (Cinnamomum camphora, Jasminum suptriplinerve, Premna integrifolia, Terminalia nigrovenulosa, Treptocaulon juventas) đã được sử dụng làm nguyên liệu chiết xuất bằng methanol để thử hoạt tính kháng tuyến trùng Pratylenchus coffeae. Kết quả cho thấy chiết xuất từ cây Terminalia nigrovenulosa biểu hiện hoạt tính kháng tuyến trùng cao nhất (95,0%) sau 9 giờ xử lý với nồng độ 5 mg/ml. Hoạt tính kháng tuyến trùng của các chất chiết xuất được biểu hiện theo thứ tự giảm dần lần lượt là C. camphora (66,7%), J. suptriplinerve (30,8%), P. integrifolia (6,7%) và T. juventas (5,8%). Với nồng độ 2 mg/ml của chất chiết xuất từ T. nigrovenulossa biểu hiện hoạt tính gây chết tuyến trùng Pratylenchuss coffeae là 13,3; 42,5; 62,5 và 86,7% sau 1, 3, 5 và 7 giờ xử lý theo thứ tự. Ở cùng thời điểm sau xử lý 7 giờ, các nồng độ 0,1; 0,5; 1,0 và 2,0 mg/ml chiết xuất của T. nigrovenulossa có hoạt tính gây chết tuyến trùng Pratylenchus coffeae lần lượt là 26,7; 71,7; 78,3 và 86,7%. Bên cạnh đó, chất chiết xuất của T. nigrovenulossa cũng cho thấy tỷ lệ ức chế trứng nở cao. Cụ thể là sau 3 ngày xử lý với chất chiết xuất của T. nigrovenulossa, tỷ lệ ức chế trứng không nở là 60,0; 45,8; 17,5 và 5,8% at 0,1; 0,5; 1,0 và 2,0 mg/ml theo thứ tự. Sau 6 ngày xử lý với chất chiết xuất của T. nigrovenulossa, tỷ lệ ức chế trứng nở là 65,0; 50,8; 21,7 và 6,7% tại nồng độ 0,1; 0,5; 1,0 và 2,0 mg/ml theo thứ tự. Tỷ lệ gây chết và tỷ lệ ức chế của chất chiết xuất phụ thuộc vào cả thời gian và nồng độ xử lý.
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Ngo, Xuan Quang, Ngoc Chau Nguyen, Dinh Tu Nguyen, Van Lam Pham, and Ann Vanreusel. "Distribution pattern of free living nematode communities in the eight Mekong estuaries by seasonal factor." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-126834.

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The temporal variation of nematode communities in eight mouth stations of the Mekong River system was investigated in order to compare the change between the dry and the wet season. The nematode data was analysed by multivariate techniques such as SIMPROF, MDS, ANOSIM and SIMPER in the software PRIMER v.6 – PERMANOVA. Our results showed that average dissimi-larity between seasons of the nematode communities in each station was high. Seasonal factor did not affect strongly their distribution pattern. Dominant genera Desmodora and Oncholaimellus usually occurred in the sand stations and Parodontophora and Halalaimus were characteristic for the silty group in both seasons. The spatial variations in this estuarine area have an influence that is larger than seasonal factors<br>Sự phân bố theo thời gian của quần xã tuyến trùng sống tự do vùng cửa sông Mekong được nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá sự khác biệt của chúng trong mùa mưa và mùa khô. Dữ liệu của tuyến trùng được xử lý và phân tích đa biến như SIMPROF, MDS, ANOSIM và SIMPER bằng phần mềm PRIMER v.6 – PERMANOVA. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy sự khác biệt theo mùa trong quần xã tuyến trùng tại mỗi điểm là khá lớn nhưng yếu tố mùa không ảnh hưởng gì tới mô hình phân bố của chúng. Một số giống ưu thế trong nền đáy cát như Desmodora and Oncholaimellus trong khi đó Parodontophora và Halalaimus thích nghi nền bùn sét phù sa vẫn hiễn diện trong cả 2 mùa. Kết quả nghiên cứu cũng cho thấy sự biến động trong không gian ở đây lớn hơn sự biến động về mùa vụ
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Nguyen, Thi Phuong, Duy Ngo Ha, Huu Hung Nguyen та Duc Hieu Duong. "Application of PCR-DGGE method for identification of nematode communities in pepper growing soil: Ứng dụng phương pháp PCR-DGGE để định danh cộng đồng tuyến trùng trong đất trồng hồ tiêu". Technische Universität Dresden, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30452.

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Soil nematodes play an important role in indication for assessing soil environments and ecosystems. Previous studies of nematode community analyses based on molecular identification have shown to be useful for assessing soil environments. Here we applied PCR-DGGE method for molecular analysis of five soil nematode communities (designed as S1 to S5) collected from four provinces in Southeastern Vietnam (Binh Duong, Ba Ria Vung Tau, Binh Phuoc and Dong Nai) based on SSU gene. By sequencing DNA bands derived from S5 community sample, our data show 15 species containing soil nematode, other nematode and non-nematode (fungi) species. Genus Meloidogyne was found as abundant one. The genetic relationship of soil nematode species in S5 community were determined by Maximum Likelihood tree re-construction based on SSU gene. This molecular approach is applied for the first time in Vietnam for identification of soil nematode communities.<br>Tuyến trùng đất đóng vai trò chỉ thị quan trọng trong công tác đánh giá môi trường và hệ sinh thái đất. Các nghiên cứu trước đây đã cho thấy lợi ích của việc phân tích cộng đồng tuyến trùng đất bằng định danh sinh học phân tử đối với việc đánh giá môi trường đất. Ở đây, chúng tôi ứng dụng phương pháp PCR-DGGE dựa trên gene SSU để phân tích năm (ký hiệu từ S1 đến S5) cộng đồng tuyến trùng đất thuộc các vùng trồng chuyên canh cây hồ tiêu ở miền nam Việt Nam (Bình Dương, Bà Rịa Vũng Tàu, Bình Phước và Đồng Nai). Bằng cách giải trình tự các vạch của mẫu tuyến trùng S5, kết quả cho thấy cộng đồng tuyến trùng này có 15 loài gồm nhóm tuyến trùng đất, nhóm các loại tuyến trùng khác và nhóm không phải tuyến trùng (nấm) và trong đó Meloidogyne là giống ưu thế. Mối quan hệ di truyền của các các loài tuyến trùng đất thuộc cộng đồng S5 được xác định bằng việc thiết lập cây phát sinh loài Maximum Likelihood dựa trên gene SSU. Đây là nghiên cứu đầu tiên ở Việt Nam sử dụng kỹ thuật PCR-DGGE để phân tích các cộng đồng tuyến trùng đất trồng hồ tiêu.
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Books on the topic "Nematodes - Classification"

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Andrássy, I. Free-living nematodes of Hungary: Nematoda errantia. Hungarian Natural History Museum, 2005.

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Malakhov, V. V. Nematodes: Structure, development, classification, and phylogeny. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994.

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V, Volkova T., ред. Paraziticheskie nematody rasteniĭ i͡u︡ga Dalʹnego Vostoka. DVO AN SSSR, 1988.

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Zinovʹeva, S. V. Fitoparaziticheskie nematody Rossii: Plant parasitic nematodes of Russia. Tovarishchestvo nauchnykh izdaniĭ KMK, 2012.

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Sumenkova, N. I. Nematodes of plants and soils: Neotylenchoidea. Oxonian Press, 1988.

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Sumenkova, N. I. Nematodes of plants and soils. E.J. Brill, 1989.

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Fagerholm, Hans-Peter. Systematic position and delimitation of ascaridoid nematode parasites of the genus contracaecum with a note on the superfamily ascaridoidea. Åbo Akademis förlag, 1990.

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Nematody presnykh i solonovatykh vod Mongolii =: Mongol orny t͡sėngėg ba davstaĭ usny nematod. Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, 1985.

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František, Moravec. Parasitic nematodes of freshwater fishes of Europe. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994.

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L, Krallʹ Ė. Root parasitic nematodes: Family Hoplolaimidae. Published for the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture and the National Science Foundation by Amerind, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nematodes - Classification"

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Rees, Paul A. "Sponges, cnidarians, nematodes and minor animal phyla." In Key questions in biodiversity: a study and revision guide. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248630.0006.

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Abstract This chapter contains questions on the classification, characteristics and anatomy of the Porifera, Cnidaria, Nematoda and a number of minor zoological phyla represented by relatively small numbers of species. The questions are divided into three levels, i.e. foundation, intermediate, and advanced. Knowledge of basic facts are dealt with at the foundation level while the intermediate level and advanced levels contain questions involving more obscure facts and concepts.
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van den Berg, Esther, Mariette Marais, and Antoinette Swart. "Nematode Morphology and Classification." In Nematology in South Africa: A View from the 21st Century. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44210-5_3.

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Siddiqi, Mohammad Rafiq. "Classification of Tylenchida." In Nematode Identification and Expert System Technology. Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9016-9_32.

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Subbotin, Sergei A. "Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data." In Techniques for work with plant and soil nematodes. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786391759.0265.

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Abstract The goal of phylogenetics is to construct relationships that are true representations of the evolutionary history of a group of organisms or genes. The history inferred from phylogenetic analysis is usually depicted as branching in tree-like diagrams or networks. In nematology, phylogenetic studies have been applied to resolve a wide range of questions dealing with improving classifications and testing evolution processes, such as co-evolution, biogeography and many others. There are several main steps involved in a phylogenetic study: (i) selection of ingroup and outgroup taxa for a study; (ii) selection of one or several gene fragments for a study; (iii) sample collection, obtaining PCR products and sequencing of gene fragments; (iv) visualization, editing raw sequence data and sequence assembling; (v) search for sequence similarity in a public database; (vi) making and editing multiple alignment of sequences; (vii) selecting appropriate DNA model for a dataset; (viii) phylogenetic reconstruction using minimum evolution, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference; (ix) visualization of tree files and preparation of tree for a publication; and (x) sequence submission to a public database. Molecular phylogenetic study requires particularly careful planning because it is usually relatively expensive in terms of the cost in reagents and time.
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Subbotin, Sergei A. "Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data." In Techniques for work with plant and soil nematodes. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786391759.0015.

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Abstract The goal of phylogenetics is to construct relationships that are true representations of the evolutionary history of a group of organisms or genes. The history inferred from phylogenetic analysis is usually depicted as branching in tree-like diagrams or networks. In nematology, phylogenetic studies have been applied to resolve a wide range of questions dealing with improving classifications and testing evolution processes, such as co-evolution, biogeography and many others. There are several main steps involved in a phylogenetic study: (i) selection of ingroup and outgroup taxa for a study; (ii) selection of one or several gene fragments for a study; (iii) sample collection, obtaining PCR products and sequencing of gene fragments; (iv) visualization, editing raw sequence data and sequence assembling; (v) search for sequence similarity in a public database; (vi) making and editing multiple alignment of sequences; (vii) selecting appropriate DNA model for a dataset; (viii) phylogenetic reconstruction using minimum evolution, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference; (ix) visualization of tree files and preparation of tree for a publication; and (x) sequence submission to a public database. Molecular phylogenetic study requires particularly careful planning because it is usually relatively expensive in terms of the cost in reagents and time.
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"Classification of Aphelenchida." In Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501728419-006.

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"Classification of Tylenchida." In Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501728419-007.

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"Classification of Phylum Nemata." In Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501728419-005.

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"Classification of Dorylaimida and Triplonchida." In Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501728419-008.

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"Natural Classification Schemes for Plant-Parasitic Nematodes." In Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501728419-004.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nematodes - Classification"

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Niu, Haoyu, Andreas Westphal, and YangQuan Chen. "A Contactless Classification Method for Early Detection of Nematodes Using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and TensorFlow." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-68557.

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Abstract Soil-borne plant-parasitic nematodes are microscopic, eellike roundworms. The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus vulnus) are among the most damaging in California, which are difficult to control and can spread easily in soil on tools, boots, and infested plants. Root-knot nematodes can attack many different crops, including nut and fruit trees, usually cause unusual swellings, called galls, on affected plants’ roots. It is not easy to recognize the infestations of these nematodes. For instance, researchers need to dig up walnut trees with symptoms, wash or gently tap the soil from the roots, and examine the roots for galls. The nematode extraction procedures, identification, and enumeration under a microscope are tedious and time-consuming. Therefore, in this article, the authors proposed to use a low-cost contactless radio frequency tridimensional sensor “Walabot,” and Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), to perform the early detection of nematodes in a walnut site. Radiofrequency reflectance of walnut leaves from different nematode infestation levels was measured. The hypothesis was that waveforms generated from walnut leaves can estimate the damage caused by nematodes. DNNs with Tensor-Flow were used to train and test the proposed method. Results showed that the Walabot predicted nematode infestation levels with an accuracy of 82%, which showed great potentials for early detection of nematodes.
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Niu, Haoyu, Tiebiao Zhao, Andreas Westphal, and YangQuan Chen. "A low-cost proximate sensing method for early detection of nematodes in walnut using Walabot and scikit-learn classification algorithms." In Autonomous Air and Ground Sensing Systems for Agricultural Optimization and Phenotyping V, edited by J. Alex Thomasson and Alfonso F. Torres-Rua. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2558214.

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Liu, Min, Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury, Melissa Yoder, and Paul De Ley. "Multi-focal nematode image classification using the 3D X-Ray Transform." In 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2010.5652695.

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Doshi, Rushabh A., Roger L. King, and Gary W. Lawrence. "Wavelet-SOM in feature extraction of hyperspectral data for classification of nematode species." In 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423429.

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Liu, Min, Xueping Wang, Xiaoyan Liu, and Hongzhong Zhang. "Classification of multi-focal nematode image stacks using a projection based multilinear approach." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2017.8296350.

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Liu, Min, and Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury. "Multilinear feature extraction and classification of multi-focal images, with applications in nematode taxonomy." In 2010 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2010.5540014.

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Liu, Min, Xueping Wang, and Hongzhong Zhang. "A multi-direction image fusion based approach for classification of multi-focal nematode image stacks." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2017.8297000.

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