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Lin, Neng Yu [Verfasser], and Johann-Helmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Brandstätter. "The Role of Autophagy in Bone Remodeling / Neng Yu Lin. Gutachter: Johann-Helmut Brandstätter." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075836786/34.
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Tang, Suk-yin. "The effectiveness of enhancing form seven students' speaking proficiency through cognitive training Si wei neng li xun lian dui ti sheng zhong qi xue sheng shuo hua neng li de cheng xiao yan jiu /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37648068.
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Chan, Lai-ying Joyce. "Gao zhong xue sheng kou yu gou tong de xian jie neng li yan jiu." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4255357X.
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Chan, Lai-ying Joyce, and 陳麗英. "The relationship between creativity and Chinese oral proficiency of senior secondary students in Hong Kong = Gao zhong xue sheng chuang yi neng li yu Zhong wen shuo hua neng li de guan xi yan jiu." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/202302.
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In the Reform Proposals for the Education in Hong Kong published in 2000, it was clearly stated that the priotity of education in the 21st century should be ―to enable our students to enjoy learning, enhance their effectiveness in communication and develop their creativity and sense of commitment‖. This paper aims to respond to two of the aspects — the enhancement of effectiveness in communication and the development of students’ creativity. For years, schools have focused on promoting students’ creavity in reading and writing, but not in speaking. In fact, among the various language skills, ‘speaking’ is the skill students have to demonstrate the most in their daily interaction. Compared to reading and writing, the ability to express one‘s views verbally in a creative manner can give rise to more direct interaction, acting as a genuine reflection of a student’s wisdom, knowledge, capability and potential. It is also a lifelong skill that students can apply when they join the workforce in the future. It is therefore meaningful to place emphasis on cultivating students’ creativity in speaking.
This research aims to explore the correlation between the Chinese oral proficiency and creative ability of senior secondary students in Hong Kong based on existing theories on the development of creativity and speaking. Target participants, recruited from two aided secondary schools of different abilities, receive training on speaking and creative thinking, and analysis is done adopting both the quantitative and qualitative approaches. Students of each school are first randomly divided into two groups — the experimental group and control group. Students of both groups are required to take a pre-test and a post-test, as well as complete a set of questionnaire in each session. Results obtained are compared and contrasted to gauge the changes in their oral proficiency and creative ability. In between the tests, the experiemental group receives seven experimental design lectures on News and Report, one of the elective modules of the NSS curriculum in Chinese Language Education, while the control group receives lectures on News and Report which reference on the samples from Education Bureau only, no experimental design lectures will be delivered. In the end, the three teachers involved in the study were interviewed, during which the teachers offered their observations on the change in the students’ learning behaviour and attitude.
Based on the data collected from the administration of tests, questionnaires and interviews, the following conclusions are made: first, there is a correlation between oral proficiency and creative ability; second, students’ attitude and values have a direct impact on the effectiveness of the module; third, the Speaking and Creativity Assessment rubric used in the study proved to be successful in assessing the said abilities, enhancing learning effectiveness. Through the analysis of data collected, this research contributed to Chinese Language Education to some extent, especially in the teaching of oral proficiency and creativity. It opened up a new set of criteria for the assessment of creative speaking ability from different perspectives to ensure objectivity of results, offered diversified course materials that can effectively raise the standard of students’ speaking and critical thinking ability.
香港在2000 年教育制度改革建議中明確指出教育首要目標是培養學生成為「樂於學習、善於溝通、勇於承擔、敢於創新」的新一代，其中，本研究特別回應「善於溝通」和「敢於創新」這兩個重點。過往，學校及教師多注重學生閱讀能力及寫作能力創意的培養，而忽略說話能力的創意訓練。其實，在各種語文能力中，「說話」是學生日常生活最主要的表達能力。口語表達比閱讀及寫作語言起著更直接的交流及溝通作用，是一個人智慧、知識、能力、素質的綜合體現，是學生立足社會、終生受用的語文能力。因此語文教學以創意思維培養學生的說話能力是有實在意義的。
為探索本港高中學生口語表達和創意能力的相互關係，本研究以創造力(Creativity) 和說話能力訓練的理論為依據，對上述課題展開試驗及分析工作。本計劃以香港兩所不同程度的津貼中學學生的說話能力為研究對象， 施行融合創意和說話能力訓練的實驗教學模式。本研究採用量化和質化方式為主要研究的方法。首先， 每所學校的研究對象隨機分為實驗組 (Experimental Group) 和控制組 (Control Group)。兩組對象分別安排前測和後測來量度實驗前後的數據變化。在前測及後測之間， 實驗組將會進行結合了創意思維訓練元素的中國語文選修單元「新聞與報道」共七節課的教學，從而探究這次實驗課能否提高學生創意說話能力學習的成效。而控制組卻不會在實驗教學施行期間安排進行任何實驗教學，有關的課堂教學，只按照原本學校的「新聞與報道」課程進行。在公平的原則下，所有控制組的學生會在暑假補回教授有關的實驗課程知識。本研究同時在兩班實驗組學生發出前後兩次的問卷調查，以檢視受試者的說話能力及創意能力的變化。最後，訪問兩所受試學校參與研究的三位老師，以深入瞭解學生整體的學習行為和態度情意的改變。
透過分析實驗教學資料、問卷調查數據和訪談結果，本研究主要有以下幾方面的總結：第一，確立說話能力和創意能力的相互關係。第二，學生的學習態度和品德情意直接影響課程的學習成效。第三，本研究所採用的「說話及創意能力評量表」能客觀評估學生的說話及創意能力，促進學習效能。經各種測試及結果分析，本研究對中國語文教育作出了一些貢獻，尤其是在融合說話與創意能力方面，以提高學生說話和思考水平；開發創意說話能力的評核標準，包含多角度的評審考量為評核精神，以客觀的等級描述為評量依據；提供多元化的創意說話課程設計，有助提升學生的創意說話能力表現等多方面的意義。published_or_final_version
Education
Doctoral
Doctor of Education
5
Chen, Haochang. "Zhong yi yao zhi liao gong neng xing bian mi liao xiao wen xian ping gu /." click here to view the abstract and table of contents, 2006. http://net3.hkbu.edu.hk/~libres/cgi-bin/thesisab.pl?pdf=b19986919a.pdf.
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Malebye, John Rantjau. "Dinaane tsa tshotlako : mosadimogolo yo o neng a tlhoka bana; tsholo le lefufa la bomogoloe motlogelwa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46085.
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Liang, Ruhai. "Pi wei gong neng yu pi fu bing guan xi de gu jin wen xian yan jiu /." click here to view the abstract and table of contents, 2006. http://net3.hkbu.edu.hk/~libres/cgi-bin/thesisab.pl?pdf=b20009628a.pdf.
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Tsoi, Yin-wai. "Xianggang zhong san xue sheng yue du neng li zhong, jie nan yu pi pan si wei de yan jiu /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4255472X.
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Cheng, Mei-yi, and 鄭美儀. "The development of story writing in Chinese of Hong Kong primary school students = Xianggang xiao xue sheng de Zhong wen gu shi xie zuo neng li fa zhan." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209120.
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This study aimed to explore Hong Kong primary school students’ development of story writing in Chinese, by examining the fluency, structure and organization ability, and communication ability. It was a basic research that adopted qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. In total, 2823 pieces of Chinese story writing were collected from three Hong Kong primary schools; 1200 samples were randomly selected for analysis in details. In analysing the selected samples, the total numbers of words and sentences were first identified. Then, the type of structural organization with reference to story schema, and their communication elements were studied. Finally, the data were used for additional statistical analysis.
The study showed that primary school students’ ability in writing Chinese stories was developmental and with variety of ability within each class level. The fluency, structure and organization ability, and communication ability were gradually improved when students got older. This study has four major findings. First, the total numbers of words and sentences were increased at each grade level. Difference in the total numbers of words and sentences within the same class level was significantly found in Primary Four and difference became larger in Primary Five and Six. Second, the story schema which students constructed in their story writing was more and more complex as they grew up. Third, the older subject students could write much more rich contents in the beginning and ending of story. Fourth, the older subject students were more skilled at using the communication elements in the beginning of story, and expressing major theme through the story writing.
The study’s results enrich the understanding of the theories of the language development of children and their story writing. It also provides valuable information for the researchers in the related areas, and the teachers who teach Chinese and design Chinese writing curriculum. However, this study is only an exploratory attempt to study Hong Kong primary school students’ development of story writing in Chinese; further verification of its findings and test are needed.
本研究旨在探討三所香港小學生的中文故事寫作能力發展。研究是一項基礎研究，採用質性和量性的研究方法，分析研究對象中文故事寫作的流暢性、結構組織能力和傳意能力。本研究從三所小學搜集了2823篇中文故事寫作研究樣本，再以隨機抽樣的方式抽取1200篇作為分析之用。最後，對所得的數據會進行統計分析，以了解研究對象的中文故事寫作能力發展。
研究結果顯示，研究對象的中文故事寫作能力具發展性和差異性，會隨?年級的增長，在流暢性、結構組織能力和傳意能力方面的表現會有所提升。流暢性方面，研究對象寫作的「總字數」和「總句數」均隨?年級逐年的上升而穩步增加，而各級研究對象的表現均有明顯的差異，並在小四年級開始擴大。結構組織能力方面，研究對象在中文故事寫作中應用的故事結構圖式，隨?年級的增長而趨於複雜。按研究對象的故事結構組織能力，大致上可以把他們分成三段發展階段。第一組為小一和小二，第二組為小三和小四，第三組為小五和小六。研究對象的開端鋪敘能力和故事結構組織能力一樣，大致可以分為三段發展階段。結尾鋪敘能力方面，亦是隨?年級的增長而鋪敘更多的故事內容。不過，敘述觀點卻沒有呈現發展的趨勢。傳意能力方面，研究對象雖然會隨?年級的增長，更能在故事的開端部份加入傳意元素，但能夠在中文故事寫作的開端部份加入傳意元素的研究對象不多，而且較多集中在高年級。至於透過故事寫作傳達主題思想方面，小三至小六年級中，明顯有較多研究對象能夠在中文故事寫作中傳遞主題思想。
本研究探討了三所小學生的中文故事寫作能力發展，研究的結果豐富了兒童語言發展和故事寫作理論，亦為進行相關研究的學者，以及規劃中國語文寫作課程或教學的教師，提供了有價值的資料。不過，本研究是一項初步的探索性研究，所取得的發現有待進一步證實和發展。published_or_final_version
Education
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
10
Ip, Cheung-ming. "Cong zhong xue hui kao yue du neng li ping gu shi juan kan Xianggang gao zhong sheng yue du ce lüe de ying yong he fen xi." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42554196.
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So, Kit-yuk. "A case study on the writing development of a Cantonese-speaking child in Hong Kong Yue yu er tong xie zuo neng li fa zhan de ge an yan jiu /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31958266.
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Wong, Man-ying. "The effectiveness of using guided reading to enhance primary school students' language competency Tou guo (yin dao xing yue du) dui ti sheng xue tong biao da neng li de cheng xiao /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3765049X.
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Lai, Yui-ping, and 黎蕊萍. "Using schema reading strategy to enhance senior form student's reading comprehension ability = Yun yong tu shi yue du jiao xue ce lüe ti sheng gao zhong xue sheng yue du neng li." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/198861.
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This dissertation based on the Cognitive Load Theory, focuses on the effectiveness of using schema reading strategy to enhance secondary five students’ reading comprehension ability. An action research, consists of designing reading worksheets, tests, guiding students using schema reading strategy and observing lessons, in order to promote students’ self-monitoring skill during reading comprehension as well as the effectiveness of the research.
The findings conclude: (1) a positive significant on the effects of cognitive load management by modifying the teaching materials for students; (2) using schema reading strategy to enhance secondary five students’ reading comprehension ability.
本研究目的在於應用認知負荷理論，設計一個提升香港中學五年級學生閱讀策略的教學課程，以探討圖式閱讀策略對提升高中學生閱讀能力的成效。本行動研究利用閱讀教材、閱讀測卷和課堂觀察，進行兩個循環的閱讀教學過程，包括計劃、實踐、觀察和反思，藉以調整教學設計和教學模式。結果發現，認知負荷理論對閱讀教學設計的重要性，老師應確保閱讀教材具適度的認知負荷，以免妨礙學生的閱讀效能，亦應注意訓練學生運用圖式閱讀策略，適當地自我監控閱讀過程，從而提升閱讀能力。published_or_final_version
Education
Master
Master of Education
14
Kong, Ching-man Paula. "The effectiveness of genre approach to teaching book report writing to senior secondary students Wen lei gong neng jiao xue fa zai du shu bao gao xie zuo jiao xue de cheng xiao /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38203376.
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Wong, Lai-wing. "The application of systemic functional linguistics to the teaching of evaluative writing at matriculation level Xi tong gong neng yu yan xue zai yu ke ping lun xie zuo jiao xue de ying yong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37609531.
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Loh, Ka-yee Elizabeth. "A study of Hong Kong primary school students' ability to express emotions in their Chinese writing Cong Zhong wen zuo wen yan jiu Xianggang xiao xue sheng de qing yi biao da neng li /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38300928.
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Ho, Miu-chun Michelle. "The application of systemic functional linguistics to teaching individual brief narrative speaking to junior secondary students Xi tong gong neng yu yan xue zai chu zhong ji shi duan jiang jiao xue de ying yong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37520350.
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Chan, Chi-shing. "The effectiveness of a genre approach to teaching primary school students expository writing = Wen lei gong neng xie zuo jiao xue fa dui xiao xue sheng shuo ming wen xie zuo de xiao guo yan jiu /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2575211x.
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Chu, Wan-kam. "An evaluation of the genre approach to prose writing in matriculation level Chinese literature = Wen lei gong neng jiao xue fa yu yu ke Zhongguo wen xue ke san wen chuang zuo zhi ying yong ji xian zhi." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4004001X.
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Lau, Wai-hung. "The establishment of an electronic portfolio for Chinese language favours the development of students' language ability Wei Zhongguo yu wen ke jian dian zi hua xue xi li cheng dang an you zhu xue sheng yu wen neng li fa zhan /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40039973.
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Seto, Mei-yee. "Preparation and implementation of teaching integrated language skills in the reforming senior secondary Chinese curriculum from 2005 to 2007 Xianggang ke cheng gai ge xia gao zhong Zhong wen zong he neng li jiao xue de pei bei he shi shi (2005-2007) /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2010. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43953001.
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Sim, Seok-hwa. "The use of blogging to enhance the learning of chinese writing in secondary school students in Singapore Zhong wen wang zhi xie zuo dui ti sheng Xinjiapo zhong xue sheng xie zuo neng li yu tai du zhi cheng xiao yan jiu /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40888022.
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Yim, Luen-kwan, and 嚴聯昆. "The effectiveness of using Chinese cultural schema to improve classical Chinese reading comprehension ability of Hong Kong secondary three students = Yun yong Zhongguo wen hua tu shi ti sheng Xianggang zhong san xue sheng wen yan wen yue du neng li de cheng xiao." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/198867.
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This study focuses on the effectiveness of schema theories to improve the ability of classical Chinese reading comprehension of Hong Kong secondary three students. A classical Chinese reading course is therefore setup to demonstrate the Chinese cultural schema (hereinafter referred to as “the course”). The result will be discussed below.
Quasi-experimental research method is used in this study. Students are divided into two groups: experimental group and control group. They are compared in pre-test and post-test to evaluate the effectiveness of the course. In addition, individual interviews and questionnaires are conducted both before and after the course of Chinese cultural schema to experimental group in order to learn more their opinions in Chinese culture, reading classical Chinese and the course.
It is shown that both “basic reading comprehension ability” (“understanding of basic / surface meaning”) and “advanced reading comprehension ability” (“understanding of implicit meaning”) are improved, in which “advanced reading comprehension ability” is ameliorated particularly. For the ability of “constructing new knowledge and personal views”, however, the improvement is not outstanding enough. It is also found that students are more interested in Chinese culture and reading classical Chinese after the course.
The result of Chinese cultural schema takes time to reflect. Teachers are encouraged to help students by revision and link up to previous schemas. Once students’ knowledge is reinforced, there will be a fundamental change in their way of thinking. It enhances the course’s effectiveness and makes it more long-lasting.
本研究旨在應用圖式理論，設計一個以建構中國文化圖式為主的文言文閱讀課程(下稱：「中國文化圖式課程」)，藉以探討該類課程對提升香港中三學生文言文閱讀能力的成效。
研究主要運用準實驗研究的方法，透過比對實驗組學生和對照組學生前、後測的成績，藉以評定中國文化圖式課程的成效。此外，為進一步了解學生對中國文化、古典作品，以及是次實驗課程的看法，研究員亦於實驗前、後，向實驗組學生各進行了一次訪談及問卷調查。
研究結果顯示，中國文化圖式課程對提升香港中三學生文言文的「基本閱讀能力」(理解基本/表層文意) 和「深層閱讀能力」(理解篇章深層意義)，均有一定的成效；當中，尤以「深層閱讀能力」的成效最為顯著。至於「讀者層閱讀能力」(建構個人新知識及看法) 方面，於是次研究中，則暫未見顯著成效。此外，研究結果亦發現，學生於課程完結後，對中國文化及古典作品的興趣，亦有一定程度的提升。
圖式建構絕非一朝一夕的，教師在教學的過程中，宜反覆重溫、連繫學生的已有圖式，如是，學生的思維才能出現本質上的改變，而課程的成效也才能變得更加持久。published_or_final_version
Education
Master
Master of Education
24
Cheung, Kai-fai, and 張佳暉. "The relationship between morphological awareness and lexical ability of International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme students in Hong Kong = Xianggang guo ji wen ping ke cheng zhong xue xiang mu xue sheng de yu su yi shi yu ci hui neng li guan xi yan jiu." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209677.
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近年來，香港有不少國際學校和直資學校開辦國際文憑課程（IB，International Baccalaureate），很多非華語學生選擇學習中文作為第二語言。然而，當中很多學生在使用詞彙上產生偏誤，而在二零零八年，香港教育局發布了《中國語文課程補充指引（非華語學生）》諮詢文件中，指出漢字的字形、聲調、語彙都是中文第二語言學習者的難點（香港課程發展議會，2008），這些難點均涉及語素。以往曾有不少研究，探討語素意識與詞彙知識習得的關係，因此，研究者期望以中文第二語言學習者作為研究對象，探討漢語語素意識與詞彙能力的關係。
本研究為量性研究，以語素意識與詞彙能力測驗和單元評估試卷來蒐集數據，並採用相關度測量研究方法分析數據，從而探討國際文憑課程中學項目學生在詞彙上的偏誤類型以及漢語語素意識與詞彙能力的關係，並提出建議以提升中文第二語言學習者的詞彙能力。本研究目的有三：（一）探究香港國際文憑課程中學項目學生在詞彙上的偏誤類型；（二）探究香港國際文憑課程中學項目學生的漢語語素意識與詞彙能力的關係；（三）歸納研究結果，並就教學和後續研究上提出具體建議，作為對外漢語教學之參考。
研究結果顯示，中文第二語言學習者的詞彙偏誤類型以「語音」為主，發展同音語素意識對於減少詞彙偏誤相當重要，此外亦需要加強發展部件規則的意識以及組字規則的概念，幫助他們掌握字形，對於減少詞彙偏誤亦有相當重要的作用。在漢語語素意識與詞彙能力的關係方面，中文第二語言學習者的語素意識對於詞彙能力有預測作用，同音語素意識對詞彙能力的預測作用大於同形語素意識的作用；而心理詞彙的語素意識、心理詞彙的數量及用詞能力三者有互相影響的關係，但仍需要進一步的研究。
International Baccalaureate (IB) Curriculum is adopted by more and more international schools and direct-subsidy schools in Hong Kong. At the same time, more and more non-Chinese speaking (NCS) students choose to study Chinese Language as a second language in IB curriculum. However, the vocabulary learning is one of the difficulties when they learn Chinese. The Education Bureau has published ‘Consultation Paper on Developing a “Supplementary Guide to the Chinese Language Curriculum for Non-Chinese Speaking Students” ’ and points out those NCS students encounter difficulties in learning Chinese graphemes, tones, vocabulary, etc. These difficulties are related to morpheme. Many researchers have conducted to study on relationship between morphological awareness and lexical knowledge. This dissertation aims to study on the relationship between morphological awareness and lexical ability of IB Middle Year Programme (MYP) students in Hong Kong.
This is a quantitative research. Data collection includes two tests of the morphological awareness and lexical ability paper-pencil tests and one summative unit test of Chinese Language subject in a school. IB MYP students of two classes participated in this study and their morphological awareness and lexical ability were tested and analyzed by the statistical analysis software. The objectives of the study are: (1) Analysis on the types of lexicon errors of IB MYP students in Hong Kong; (2) Analysis on the relationship between morphological awareness and lexical ability of IB MYP students in Hong Kong; (3) Suggestions on developing of morphological awareness in learning Chinese Language as a second language.
The results find that most of the lexicon errors were related to the tones and radical components of Chinese character, it is suggested to develop the homophone awareness and the orthographic awareness of Chinese character to reduce the lexicon errors. The morphological awareness of students has influence on student’s lexical ability. The homophone awareness has a closer relationship with lexical ability. The morphological awareness of the mental lexicon has an influence on the amount of mental lexicon and the ability of using lexicon. It is suggested to develop the morphological awareness of students in teaching Chinese as a second language to further study the relationship between the development of morphological awareness and mental lexicon in the future.published_or_final_version
Education
Master
Master of Education
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Tong, Wun-sing. "The application of systemic functional grammar in Chinese practical compositions : the teaching of news reporting = Xi tong gong neng yu yan xue zai shi yong wen jiao xue shang de ying yong yan jiu - yi xin wen gao xie zuo jiao xue wei li /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25755559.
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Kurttila, J. (Jenny). "Tupakan merkitys korva-nenä-kurkkutaudeissa." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201902151214.
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Tiivistelmä. Tupakointi on merkittävä elämänlaatuun, sairastavuuteen, sairauksien ennusteeseen ja kuolleisuuteen liittyvä tekijä. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoitus on systemaattisen kirjallisuuskatsauksen keinoin selvittää tupakoinnin merkitystä korva-nenä-kurkkutaudeissa. Kirjallisuushaku tehtiin englannin kielellä PubMed tietokannassa kymmenen vuoden rajauksella. Hakuun sisällytettiin keskeisimmät lääketieteen alojen sekä korva-nenä-kurkkutautien alojen lehdet. Rajauksien jälkeen tuloksena oli 437 julkaisua, joista mukaan valittiin 87. Suurin osa julkaisuista käsitteli tupakan merkitystä korvan nenän kurkun alueen syövässä ja sen todettiin olevan riskitekijä sekä vaikuttavan negatiivisesti sairauden ennusteeseen. Anatomisista rakenteista kurkunpää oli tutkituin alue korva-nenä-kurkkutautien alueen syövässä. Tupakoinnin todettiin myös lisäävän idiopaattisen korvakäytäväkolesteatooman riskiä, heikentävän kuuloa sekä nenän värekarvojen toimintaa. Passiivisen tupakoinnin todettiin lisäävän kuulonaleneman riskiä annosvastaisesti, kroonisen tinnituksen riskiä, riniitin oireita ja pahentavan ympärivuotista riniittia. Tupakoinnin lopettamista suositeltiin yleisesti, mutta erityisesti riskiryhmissä oleville, joiden tila tai vaiva voisi pahentua tupakoinnin jatkamisen myötä. Näihin kuuluivat ikääntymiseen liittyvästä huonokuuloisuudesta kärsivät, nenäpolyyppipotilaat, HPV-positiiviset potilaat, korva-nenä-kurkkutautien syöpä diagnoosin saaneet potilaat sekä kirurgisesti ja kemoterapialla hoidettavat syöpäpotilaat. Aiheesta tarvitaan kuitenkin lisää tutkimusta mieluiten prospektiivisena pitkittäistutkimuksena, jotta passiivinen tupakointi, tupakointi ja niiden määrä saataisiin mahdollisimman luotettavasti kirjattua ja voitaisiin arvioida tarkemmin tupakoinnin merkitystä korva-nenä-kurkkutaudeissa.
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Humel, Barbara. "Avion - kavárna, která není, ale bude." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze. Divadelní fakulta AMU. Knihovna, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-79376.
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In this thesis specific attributes of region Těšínské Slezsko are treated, with a view to cultural (and especially theatre) activities. It decribes history and current situation of populous polish community which lives in here. It follows both professional and non-professional culture. In the area of professional culture it?s focusing on polish department of theatre in Český Těšín and puppet theatre Teatr lalky Bajka. Also the tesis pay special attention to production Avion ? kavárna, která není (Avion ? cafe, which doesn?t exist anymore). Main topic of this production are difficulties (but also attractions) of multicultural cohabitation, which is typical for this region. The production became very popular and contributed to rehabilitation of relations among different ethnic groups.
I?m not historian neither art historian. My target is not to set up komplete study, but to illustrate status of theatre in region, which stays wrongly past natural interest, including my own personal experiencies.
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Lee, How-chung. "Creativity in Chinese language teaching a study on development of student teachers' conceptions and their ability in implementing creative teaching = Zhongguo yu wen ke de chuang yi jiao xue: zhi qian shou xun jiao shi chuang yi jiao xue guan nian he shi jian neng li de fa zhan yan jiu /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38296603.
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Balbi, David Michael. "Phytoplankton dynamics of the River Nene, England." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4281/.
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The distribution of suspended algae was investigated in a 69-km length of a small lowland river in the UK, the Nene (annual median discharge at km 91.7 =6 m(^3) s(^-1). Variations in chlorophyll a data collected between 1975 and 1998 by water management organisations at km 91.7 were evaluated against a range of physical and chemical variables. Interpretation was aided by additional sampling between 1993 and 1997.The latter half of the 24-year period had significantly higher temperatures and sunshine-hours and significantly lower ammonium concentrations. Discharge, temperature and sunshine-hours were significant predictors of chlorophyll concentration, particularly between January and June, and spring chlorophyll maxima ranged from 106 to 276 µg L(^-1).Centric diatoms were the most abundant taxa in the main-river and, in the absence of other limiting factors, appeared to be restricted by the availability of silica. There was also evidence that the centric diatoms suffered from severe parasitism. Inter-year phytoplankton abundance was most variable in the summer, and years with abundant submerged macrophytes had particularly low phytoplankton numbers. Spring phytoplankton peaks occurred earlier and had smaller amplitude at downstream sites than those further upstream. Average spring chlorophyll concentrations (April - June) increased significantly between km 22.4 and km 43.9, thereafter remaining high to km 91.7. Spatial trends were attributed to changes in channel morphology, retention time, dead zones, longitudinal variations in current velocity, temperature and silica limitation. An appraisal of the Utermöhl method of counting phytoplankton was made and a new technique proposed, called 'spaced fields'. The spaced fields method accurately identified small changes in phytoplankton abundance and was used to identify short-term temporal and small-scale spatial trends in the Nene.
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Blanco, Gómez Ainara. "Obesitat i aspectes psicològics en nens d'edat escolar." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/312836.
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El nostre estudi ha investigat la relació entre sobrepès/obesitat i les capacitats executives, els problemes psicològics i la insatisfacció corporal en escolars d’edat mitjana 8.54 anys. Així mateix, hem estudiat l'estructura factorial, la fiabilitat i la validesa del "Child Feeding Questionnaire" (CFQ) en mostra espanyola. La prevalença trobada de sobrepès va ser del 28.9% i la d'obesitat del 7.2%. Els nostres resultats suggereixen que els nens obesos presenten un control inhibitori deficient. Existeix una associació entre l'obesitat i el baix rendiment en proves verbals d'inhibició i flexibilitat. Vam trobar una relació entre l'obesitat i els problemes psicològics, en concret amb els problemes d'interiorització. Els nens amb sobrepès/obesitat estan més insatisfets que els nens de pes normal i presenten un rendiment acadèmic més baix i més problemes d'atenció i queixes somàtiques. El nostre estudi és el primer a Espanya que presenta la validesa i la fiabilitat d'un test per avaluar actituds alimentàries en pares. L'anàlisi del "Child Feeding Questionnaire" confirma l'estructura de set factors i una bona consistència interna. A més, els nostres resultats mostren una relació entre l'IMC del nen i les pràctiques de control d'alimentació que refereixen els pares. Tenint en compte un model multidisciplinari en l'etiopatogènia de l'obesitat en nens, aquest estudi dóna suport al paper interactiu de variables psicopatològiques, neuropsicològiques i d'actituds familiars, que s'haurien de tenir en compte en els programes preventius i d'intervenció de l'obesitat.Nuestro estudio ha investigado la relación entre el sobrepeso/obesidad y las capacidades ejecutivas, los problemas psicológicos y la insatisfacción corporal en escolares de edad media 8.54 años. Asimismo, hemos estudiado la estructura factorial, la fiabilidad y la validez del “Child Feeding Questionnaire” (CFQ) en muestra española. La prevalencia hallada de sobrepeso fue del 28.9% i la de obesidad del 7.2%. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los niños obesos presentan un control inhibitorio deficiente. Existe una asociación entre la obesidad y el bajo rendimiento en pruebas verbales de inhibición y flexibilidad. Hemos encontrado una relación entre la obesidad y los problemas psicológicos, en concreto con los problemas de interiorización. Los niños con sobrepeso/obesidad están más insatisfechos que los niños de peso normal y presentan un rendimiento académico más bajo y más problemas de atención y quejas somáticas. Nuestro estudio es el primero en España que presenta la validez y la fiabilidad de un test para evaluar actitudes alimentarias en padres. El análisis del "Child Feeding Questionnaire" confirma la estructura de siete factores y una buena consistencia interna. Además, nuestros resultados muestran una relación entre el IMC del niño y las prácticas de control de alimentación que refieren los padres. Teniendo en cuenta un modelo multidisciplinar en la etiopatogenia de la obesidad en niños, este estudio apoya el papel interactivo de variables psicopatológicas, neuropsicológicas y de actitudes familiares, que deberían tenerse en cuenta en los programas preventivos y de intervención de la obesidad.
In our study we have investigated the relationship between being overweight or obese and executive function, psychological problems and body image dissatisfaction in schoolchildren (average age of 8.54). Moreover, we have investigated the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) factor structure, reliability and validity in a Spanish sample. The overweight prevalence was 28.9% and the obesity prevalence was 7.2%. According to our results, obese children have a deficient inhibitory control. There is an association between obesity and poor performance on inhibition and flexibility verbal tests. Furthermore, we found a relationship between obesity and psychological problems, particularly with internalizing problems. The overweight/obese children were more dissatisfied than normal weight children and had lower academic performance and more attention problems and somatic complaints. Our study is the first one in Spain that presents the validity and reliability of a test to evaluate parental feeding practices and attitudes. The analysis of the "Child Feeding Questionnaire" confirms the seven factors structure and a good internal consistency. In addition, our results show a relationship between BMI and child control feeding practices reported by parents. Given a multidisciplinary model in the obesity pathogenesis in children, this study supports an interactive role of psychopathological, neuropsychological and family attitude variables that should be taken into account in prevention programs and obesity intervention.
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Martin, Denis [Verfasser]. "NENA - Ein Rahmenwerk für maßgeschneiderte Kommunikationsnetze / Denis Martin." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1055863443/34.
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Nováková, Hana. "Přírodovědný dokument jaký není a měl by být." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Filmová a televizní fakulta. Knihovna, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371136.
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In a form of essay and on a sample that encompasses all main documentary genres, the thesis tries to answer, how and why analyzed natural history films became canonical, and what 's the reason that most of other topical production of wildlife documentaries have no chance to raise any deeper interest. Finally suggests potential inspirations for the desirable paradigmatic shift.
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Gajewski, Jon Robert. "Neg-raising : polarity and presupposition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33696.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-184).
In this thesis, I advance a semantic theory of Neg-Raising rooted in the work of Bartsch (1973) and Heim (2000) and defend it against syntactic and pragmatic alternatives. The primary source of support for my position on Neg-Raising comes from the natural way in which the approach explains a variety of facts about NPI-licensing in environments containing Neg-Raising predicates. In Chapter 2, a principled account is offered of a previously ill-understood contrast in NPI-licensing under stacked Neg-Raising predicates, first pointed out in Horn (1972). Also addressed are facts advanced in favor of the syntactic theory of Neg-Raising by Kiparsky and Kiparsky (1970) and Prince (1976). Horn's (1989) attractive account of Neg-Raising is reviewed in detail in Chapter 3 and found to have deficiencies, particularly in the domain of NPI-licensing. The most compelling aspect of Horn's analysis is his derivation of Neg-Raising from general principles. The purposes of Chapters 4 and 5 is to develop an alternative analysis of Neg-Raising that attains a comparable depth of explanation. First, I compare the behavior of negated Neg-Raising predicates to that of negated definite plurals.
(cont.) Next, I show that there is a significant correlation across constructions between obeying the Excluded Middle and having the properties of definite plurals. Finally, I offer a tentative explanation of why definite plurals obey the Excluded Middle.
by Jon Robert Gajewski.
Ph.D.
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Fishman, Andrea. ""Neni Čechi neni doto ho!" "You're not Czech if you're not jumping up and down!" : sport and nationalism in communist Czechoslovakia /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1000.
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Panchón, i. Iglesias Carme. "Les Llars infantils: una alternativa als nens en risc social." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31974.
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Les organitzacions residencials per a nens-nenes i per a joves són una alternativa sòcio-educativa pel que fa al camp de l’inadaptació social. Es tracta d’una alternativa promoguda des dels Serveis Socials (S.S.), que proven cada cop més d’orientar les intervencions des d’una perspectiva educativa, que és la que pot millor –a partir de l’immersió dels individus en processos d’aprenentatges– aportar eines pel canvi personal i pel canvi social.
Els objectius d’aquesta investigació han estat els següents:
A) Analitzar d’una manera crítica la realitat organitzativa actual dels centres residencials d’atenció a l’infantesa o la joventut amb problemàtica social situats a la comarca del Barcelonès.
B) Establir els elements estructurals fonamentals en l’organització d’un centre i les seves relacions.
C) Integrar el model organitzatiu dins d’un model general de funcionament.Las organizaciones residenciales para niño/as y jóvenes constituyen una alternativa socio-educativa en el campo de la inadaptación social, alternativa promovida desde los Servicios Sociales (S.S.) Los S.S. intentan, cada vez mas, orientar las intervenciones desde una perspectiva educativa que es la que puede, a partir de la inmersión de los individuos en procesos de aprendizajes, aportar herramientas tanto para el cambio personal como social. Los objetivos de la investigación han sido: A) Analizar críticamente la realidad organizativa actual de centros residenciales de atención a la infancia o juventud con problemática socio-familiar del Barcelonès. B) Establecer los elementos estructurales fundamentales en la organización de un centro y sus relaciones. C) Integrar el modelo organizativo en el marco de un modelo general de funcionamiento.
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Ballús, Barnils Elisabeth. "L'elaboració del complex d'Èdip en nens adoptats: dols i vincles." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9273.
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La nostra investigació empírica s'emmarca, a nivell teòric, dins la teoria relacional pròpia de la psicoanàlisi.Objectius: l'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi és conèixer com els nens adoptats elaboren el complex d'Èdip, tenint en compte que a tots ells els acompanyen dues variables indissociables d'aquesta condició d'ésser un nen adoptat:
- Ser un nen abandonat pels pares biològics.
- Tenir una doble parentalitat: pares biològics i pares adoptius.
Amb aquesta recerca volem aprofundir -mitjançant el test projectiu Pota Negra, de L. Corman (1961)- especialment en aquells aspectes que configuren la realitat interna de cada nen. Paral·lelament, hem volgut analitzar aquells aspectes de la realitat externa pre-adoptiva i post-adoptiva que s'erigeixen com a factors importants per al bon desenvolupament psicològic de l'infant.
Metodologia: el nostre estudi s'ha realitzat amb nens d'adopció internacional, concretament amb 5 nens i 5 nenes del Nepal, amb edats compreses entre els 6 i els 12 anys. Tots ells han estat adoptats fa més de dos anys per famílies que no tenien fills biològics.
Els instruments aplicats han estat diversos. Pels pares s'ha utilitzat l'entrevista semiestructurada elaborada per la investigadora i el CBLC -Qüestionari Infantil de Comportament 4/18-, de T. Achenbach (1991). Quan als nens, el test projectiu Pota Negra, de L. Corman (1961).
Conclusions: el test projectiu Pota Negra ens ha permès conèixer les principals variables que articulen la realitat interna del nen adoptat, evidenciant la manca d'estructura triangular edípica, i per tant de la no elaboració de l'Èdip, en tots els subjectes de la nostra mostra. Les dificultats per a poder elaborar l'Èdip estan vinculades a la condició de ser un nen adoptat. S'ha pogut observar, entre d'altres, com aquets nens presenten simptomatologia post-adoptiva diversa, com indicador del seu malestar emocional per l'experiència viscuda.
Nuestra investigación empírica se enmarca, a nivel teórico, en la teoría relacional propia del psicoanálisis.
Objetivos: el objetivo principal de esta tesis es conocer como los niños adoptados elaboran el complejo de Edipo, teniendo en cuenta que a todos ellos les acompañan dos variables indisociables de esta condición de ser un niño adoptado:
- ser un niño abandonado por los padres biológicos
- tener una doble parentalidad: padres biológicos i padres adoptivos
Con esta investigación queremos profundizar -mediante el test proyectivo Pata Negra, de L. Corman (1961)- especialmente en aquellos aspectos que configuran la realidad interna de cada niño. Paralelamente, hemos querido analizar aquellos aspectos de la realidad interna pre-adoptiva i post-adoptiva que se erigen como factores importantes para el buen desarrollo psicológico del niño.
Metodología: nuestro estudio se ha realizado con niños de adopción internacional, concretamente con 5 niños y 5 niñas del Nepal, con edades comprendidas entre los 6 y los 12 años. Todos ellos han sido adoptados hace más de dos años por familias que no tenían hijos biológicos.
Los instrumentos aplicados han sido diversos. Para los padres se ha utilizado la entrevista semiestructurada elaborada por la investigadora i el CBLC - Cuestionario Infantil de Comportamiento 4/18-, de T. Achenbach (1991). En cuanto a los niños, el test proyectivo Pata Negra, de L- Corman (1961).
Conclusiones: el test proyectivo Pata Negra nos ha permitido conocer las principales variables que articulan la realidad interna del niño adoptado, evidenciando la falta de estructura triangular edípica. I por tanto la no elaboración del Edipo, en todos los sujetos de nuestra muestra. Las dificultades para elaborar el Edipo están vinculadas a la condición de ser un niño adoptado. Se ha podido observar, entre otros, como estos niños presentan sintomatología pots-adoptiva diversa, como indicador de su malestar emocional por la experiencia vivida.
Our empirical investigation is framed, at theoretical level, in the own relational theory of the psychoanalysis.
Objectives: the primary target of this thesis is to know as the adopted children elaborate the Oedipus Complex, considering that all of them have two inseparable variables due to their condition of being an adopted child:
- to be a child abandoned by the biological parents
- to have double parents: biological parents and adoptive parents
With this investigation we want to deepen - by means of the projective test Corman’s Patte Noire (1961) - especially in those aspects that form the internal reality of each child. At the same time, we have wanted to analyze those aspects of post-adoptive and pre-adoptive of the external reality that are elevated like important factors for the good psychological development of the child.
Methodology: our study has been made with children of international adoption, concretely with 5 boys and 5 girls from Nepal, with ages between the 6 and 12 years old. All of them have been adopted for more than two years by families who did not have biological children.
The applied instruments have been diverse. For the parents, we have used a semi-structured interview elaborated by the investigator and the CBLC - Child Behavior Checklist 4/18-, Achenbach,T. (1991). For the children, we have applied the projective test Corman’s Patte Noire (1961).
Conclusions: the projective test Black Leg has allowed us to know the main variables that articulate the internal reality of the adopted child, demonstrating the lack of Oedipus triangular structure and therefore the non-elaboration of the Oedipus, in all the subjects of our sample. The difficulties to elaborate the Oedipus are bound to the condition of being an adopted child. It has been possible to observe, among others, as these children have diverse pots-adoptive symptomatology, as indicator of its emotional malaise by the lived experience.
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Scherer, Patr?cia Cristina. "Entendendo os neg?cios com impacto social : uma an?lise dos elementos constituintes do modelo de neg?cio." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5688.
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Previous issue date: 2014-08-25Social impact business are cost effective initiatives that address the needs of lowincome people by providing them with the access to quality products and services at affordable prices, as well as employment and income opportunities. This study aims at contributing to the understanding of this business model that has been getting increasingly more relevant in both the academic and corporate fields. The analysis of the theoretical groundwork indicated that the concept of social impact business does not come from a homogeneous perspective. An analytical framework to identify the elements that constitute the business social impact was proposed based on the characteristics found in the literature review. The methodology applied was of qualitative-quantitative, exploratory nature. As the procedure required for data collection, three steps were followed: a documental analysis using secondary data, interviews and surveys. The results from the data collection allowed us to identify the constituent elements of the business model, mapping existing initiatives in Brazil and describe their characteristics from the proposed framework for analysis, and assess the social impact of these initiatives.
Os neg?cios com impacto social s?o iniciativas economicamente rent?veis que visam atender ?s necessidades da popula??o de baixa renda oferecendo oportunidades de acesso a produtos e servi?os de qualidade a pre?os acess?veis, bem como oportunidades de emprego e renda. O trabalho visa contribuir para o entendimento deste tema que vem recebendo crescente aten??o tanto da ?rea acad?mica como corporativa. O referencial te?rico permitiu o aprofundamento sobre o entendimento destes modelos de neg?cio cujo conceito ? amplo e ainda n?o possui uma vis?o homog?nea. Um quadro de an?lise para a identifica??o dos elementos que constituem os neg?cios com impacto social foi proposto a partir das caracter?sticas encontradas na revis?o bibliogr?fica. A metodologia empregada foi de um estudo qualitativo-quantitativo, de natureza explorat?ria. Foram utilizadas tr?s t?cnicas de coleta de dados: pesquisa documental com dados secund?rios, entrevistas e question?rios. Os resultados obtidos permitiram identificar os elementos constituintes do modelo de neg?cios, mapear as iniciativas existentes no Brasil e descrever suas caracter?sticas a partir do quadro de an?lise proposto, e avaliar o impacto social destas iniciativas.
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Serradell, Alonso Carme. "De qui son aquests nens?. El prematur extrem, tecnologia i societat." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8425.
Full textAbstract:
Paraula clau: prematuritat extremaHe volgut entendre, com a pediatre que ha treballat a àrees d'extrema pobresa a Centre Amèrica on l'assistència sanitària als petits es extremadament precària i una gastroenteritis pot ser mortal, l'assistència als prematurs extrems de menys de 28 setmanes al meus país.
Inicialment nomes em va cridar l'atenció el diferent pressupost destinat aquí i allà als mateixos petits. Posteriorment des d'una perspectiva antropologia he volgut entendre el perquè els metges, els pares i mares i les institucions acceptem el risc de reanimar nens prematurs extrems o fetals.
Aquests risc, assumit sobre la vida que viurà una altre persona que, per la seva immaduresa, no per cap patologia concreta, pot tenir seriosos handicaps per ser viscuda plenament, ha de respondre a una concepció determinada de la vida, de la família, de la maternitat i paternitat i de la finalitat de la medicina i no nomes perquè hi ha mitjans tècnics que faciliten la seva recuperació.
En el meu treball de Tesis he intentat conèixer la problemàtica que representa la recuperació de la prematuritat extrema amb el dilema de si es pot fer tot el que tècnicament es factible o si s'han de posar límits tècnics i ètics en la seva aplicació.
I would like to understand, as a pediatrician who has been working in extremely poor zones of Central America and taking care of the youngest population where a gastro-enteritis can be mortal, the assistance of extremely premature infants of less 28 weeks in my country
At first I only noticed the difference between the budgets here and there the same population them from an anthropologic point of view I wanted to understand why doctors, parents and institutions accept the risk of reviving extremely premature infants o fetal infants.
This risk is assumed for one life which will be lived by another person who by the fact of his /her immaturity, not for any illnesses can be seriously affected
This risk has to be taken in front of a determinate style of life, of family of motherhood and about the finality of medicine and not for the only reason there are technique means enough to maintain him/her alive
In my thesis I try to know the problems about extremely premature infants and the question is if we must do all what technically is possible or we need ethical limits.
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Ehrmann, Nena [Verfasser]. "Morphologische Untersuchung am atlanto-okzipitalen Übergang des Hundes / Nena Ehrmann." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1224970284/34.
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Martin, Denis [Verfasser], and M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Zitterbart. "NENA - Ein Rahmenwerk für maßgeschneiderte Kommunikationsnetze / Denis Martin. Betreuer: M. Zitterbart." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053703996/34.
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González, Baulies Roser. "Vacunació antigripal i antipneumocòccica en nens amb condicions de risc a Catalunya." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/325152.
Full textAbstract:
ANTECEDENTS:
Les infeccions pel virus influenza i per S. pneumoniae són un problema de salut pública global que originen un excés d’hospitalitzacionsi mortalitat. Els nens amb patologies de base són un col·lectiu d’alt risc per presentar complicacionsde la grip i malatia pneumocòccica invasiva. Tot i l’àmplia evidència científica que avala la recomanació de vacunació en aquesta població, no hi ha dades publicades al nostre entorn que permetin estimar les cobertures vacunals assolides ni les taxes d’hospitalització per MPI en els nens amb condicions de risc.
PRIMER ARTICLE: COBERTURA VACUNAL ANTIGRIPAL EN NENS AMB CONDICIONS DE RISC A CATALUNYA.
Objectiu: Determinar la cobertura vacunal antigripal en aquesta poblaciói la seva associació amb factors sociodemogràfics i mèdics.
Material i mètode: Estudi descriptiu transversal dels nens 6m-15a amb condicions de risc assignats als EAPs de l’ICS. La font de dades fou la història clínica electrònica dels EAP.
Resultats: La cobertura vacunal antigripal fou del 23,9%. Les variables predictores de vacunació foren; edat>2a (ORa=1,6 [IC95%=1,4-1,7] en nens de 3-5a; 1,8 [1,7-2,0] en nens de 6-10 anys; 2,1 [2,0-2,4] en nens ≥11a); gènere masculí (ORa=1,1 [1,0-1,1]); nacionalitat estrangera (ORa=1,2 [1,2-1,3]); immunització correcta segons calendari vacunal sistemàtic (ORa=3,3 [2,8-3,8]); haver realitzat≥1 visita al metge d’AP (ORa=1,7 [1,6-1,9] en 1 visita; 2,1 [1,9-2,3] en 2 visites; 2,6 [2,3-2,8] en 3-4 visites, i 4,1 [3,8-4,4] en 5 o més visites), i tenir >1condició de risc (ORa=1,9 [1,7-2,1 en 2 condicions de risc; 2,5 [1,6-3,9] en 3 o més condicions de risc).
SEGON ARTICLE: COBERTURA VACUNAL ANTIPNEUMOCÒCCICA EN NENS AMB CONDICIONS DE RISC A CATALUNYA.
Objectiu: Determinar la cobertura vacunal en aquesta població i la seva associació amb factors sociodemogràfics i mèdics.
Material i mètode: Estudi descriptiu transversal dels nens 2m-15a amb condicions de risc assignats als EAP de l’ICS. La informació es va recollir a partir de les dades registrades a la història clínica electrònica dels EAP.
Resultats: La cobertura vacunal fou del 47,7%. Les variables associades a la vacunació foren: edat (ORa=9,2 [7,9-10,7] en nens 2m-2a; ORa=8,1 [7,0-9,3] en3-5a; ORa=4,6 [4,0-5,2] en 6-10a); nacionalitat espanyola (ORa=3,9 [3,5-4,3]); immunització correcta segons calendari de vacunació sistemàtica (ORa=2,5 [2,1-3,0]), i nombre de condicions de risc (ORa=3,2 [2,5-4,1] en nens amb 2 o més condicions).
TERCER ARTICLE: INCIDÈNCIA D’HOSPITALITZACIONS PER MALALTIA PNEUMOCÒCCICA INVASIVA EN NENS AMB CONDICIONS DE RISC A CATALUNYA.
Objectiu: Estimar les taxes d’hospitalització per MPI en aquesta població i descriure les seves característiques.
Material i mètode: Estudi longitudinal retrospectiu de la incidència d’hospitalitzacions per MPI 2005-2012 en nens<16a assignats als EAPs de l’ICS. La font de dades fou la història clínica electrònica i el Conjunt Mínim Bàsic de Dades d’hospitalització d’aguts.
Resultats: La taxa d’hospitalitzacions per MPI en nens amb condicions de risc fou 43,1 per 100.000 persones-any (IC95%=32,2-57,7). La taxa més alta es va observar en els nens<2a (107,8 per 100.000 [69-168,3}); i en aquells amb trastorns neuromusculars o fístula de LCR (141,6 per 100.000) i síndrome de Down (133,5 per 100.000)
CONCLUSIONS:
Les cobertures vacunals antigripals i antipneumocòcciques en nens amb condicions de risc a Catalunya observades són baixes. Les taxes d’ingrés per MPI en aquests nens són similars o lleugerament superiors a les d’altres països, i considerablement més elevades que en població pediàtrica general. Una bona part de la morbimortalitat per grip i malaltia pneumocòccica es podria evitar si s’assolissin cobertures de vacunació més elevades, més en concordança amb altres entorns amb sistemes sanitaris similars al nostre. Seria recomanable implementar estratègies per millorar les cobertures vacunals, prestant especial atenció a aquells grups en què s’han observat cobertures més baixes o taxes d’ingrés per MPI més elevades.BACKGROUND: Influenza and S.pneumoniae infections are a global public health problem which cause excess hospitalizations and mortality. Children with underlying pathologies are at high risk for influenza complications and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Despite the extensive scientific evidence that supports the recommendation of vaccination in this population, there is no published data to our surroundings to estimate vaccination coverage rates achieved or hospitalization for IPD in children with risk conditions. FIRST ARTICLE: INFLUENZA VACCINATION COVERAGE IN CHILDREN WITH RISK CONDITIONS IN CATALONIA. Objective: To determine influenza vaccination coverage in this population and its association with sociodemographic and medical factors. Material and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study of children 6m-15y/o with risk conditions assigned to Primary Health Care Teams (EAPs) from the Catalan Health Institute (ICS). Data was obtained from the electronic medical records of EAPs. Results: Influenza vaccination coverage was 23.9%. Predictors of vaccination were: age>2y/o (aOR=1.6 [95%CI=1.4-1.7] in children 3-5y/o; 1.8 [1.7-2.0] in children 6-10y/o; 2.1 [2.0-2.4] in children ≥11y/o); male gender (aOR=1.1 [1.0-1.1]); foreign nationality (aOR=1.2 [1.2-1.3]); immunization according to systematic vaccination calendar (aOR=3.3[2.8-3.8]); ≥1 medical consultation to Primary Health Care (aOR=1,7 [1,6-1,9] for 1 consultation; 2,1 [1,9-2,3] for 2 consultations; 2,6 [2,3-2,8 ] for 3-4 consultations, and 4,1 [3,8-4,4] for 5 or more consultations), and having >1 risk conditions (aOR=1,9 [1,7-2,1] for 2 risk conditions; 2,5 [1,6-3,9] for 3 or more risk conditions). SECOND ARTICLE: ANTIPNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION COVERAGE IN CHILDREN WITH RISK CONDITIONS IN CATALONIA. Objective: To determine vaccination coverage in this population and its association with sociodemographic and medical factors. Material and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study of children 3m-15 y/o with risk conditions assigned to EAPs from ICS. Data was obtained from the electronic medical records of EAPs. Results: Vaccination coverage was 47.7%. Predictors of vaccination were: age (aOR=9.2 [7.9-10.7] in children 2m-2y/o; aOR=8.1 [7.0-9.3] in 3-5y/o; aOR=4.6 [4.0-5.2] in 6-10y/o); Spanish nationality (aOR=3.9 [3.5-4.3]); immunization according to systematic vaccination calendar (aOR=2,5 [2.1-3.0]), and number of risk conditions (aOR=3.2 [2.5-4.1] in children with 2 or more conditions). THIRD ARTICLE: INCIDENCE OF INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE HOSPITALIZATONS IN CHILDREN WITH RISK CONDITIONS IN CATALONIA. Objective: To estimate IPD hospitalization rates in this population and to describe its characteristics. Material and methods: Retrospective longitudinal study of IPD hospitalization incidence 2005-2012 in children <16 y/o assigned to EAPs from ICS. Data was obtained from the electronic medical records of EAPs and from the acute hospitalization Minimum Basic Data Set. Results: IPD hospitalization rate in children with risk condition was 43.1 per 100,000 persons-year (95%CI=32.2-57.7). The highest rate was observed in children >2y/o (107.8 per 100,000 [69-168.3]); and in those with neuromuscular disease or CSF leak (141.6 per 100,000) and Down syndrome (133.5 per 100,000) CONCLUSIONS: Observed antipneumococcal and influenza vaccination coverage in children with risk conditions in Catalonia is low. Hospitalization rate in these children is similar or slightly higher than in other countries, and considerably higher than in general paediatric population. Much of the morbidity and mortality from influenza and pneumococcal disease could be avoided if higher vaccination coverage was achieved, more in line with other environments with health systems similar to ours. It would be advisable to implement strategies to improve vaccination coverage, paying particular attention to those groups with lowest vaccination coverage or highest IPD hospitalization rates.
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de, la Serna Gómez Elena. "Característiques clíniques i neuropsicològiques en nens i adolescents d’alt risc per esquizofrènia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/82132.
Full textAbstract:
El resum presentat es basa en els resultats dels següents treballs:
Relationship between clinical and neuropsychological characteristics in child and adolescent first degree relatives of subjects with schizophrenia. de la Serna E, Baeza I, Toro J, Andrés S, Puig O, SánchezGuistau V,
Romero S, Bernardo M, CastroFornieles
J. Schizophr Res. 2010 Feb;116(23):15967. PMID:19783124
Comparison between young siblings and offspring of subjects with schizophrenia: Clinical and neuropsychological characteristics. de la Serna E, Baeza I, Andrés S, Puig O, SánchezGuistau V, Romero S, Bernardo M, Moreno D, Noguera A, CastroFornieles J. Schizophr Res. 2011 Jul 6. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21741217
INTRODUCCIÓ
En els últims anys, han estat molts els estudis que han aportat proves de l'existència d'una base genètica per a l'esquizofrènia (Gottesman i cols., 1991). La heretabilitat del trastorn es situa entre el 6080% (Gottesman i cols., 1991; Kendl i cols., 2002; Keshav i cols., 2005). Tenint en compte aquests percentatges, els familiars de pacients amb esquizofrènia tenen un risc significativament major de presentar el trastorn. Aquest risc s'eleva a mesura que augmenta la proximitat familiar o el nombre de familiars afectats (Gottesman et al. 2010; McGue et al. 1983; Risch 1990). Bona part dels estudis de l'última dècada parteixen de la hipòtesi del neurodesenvolupament que postula que l'esquizofrènia seria el resultat d'un neurodesenvolupament anòmal (Weinberger, 1995). Aquest model implica que les anomalies estan presents des del naixement i poden observarse al llarg de tota la vida.
Tenint en compte la base genètica del trastorn i la hipòtesi del neurodesenvolupament, es considera que una forma d'estudiar els marcadors de vulnerabilitat és estudiar als familiars de primer grau de pacients amb esquizofrènia.
OBJECTIU
Els objectius d'aquest estudi van ser dos: 1) L'estudi clínic i neuropsicològic d'una mostra de familiars de primer grau (fills i germans) de pacients diagnosticats d'esquizofrènia en comparació amb una mostra de controls sans. 2) Avaluar si hi ha diferències entre els fills i els germans dels pacients pel que fa a les seves característiques clíniques i neuropsicològiques versus un grup de controls sans.
RESULTATS
Al primer estudi, que compara una mostra de nens i adolescents (fills i germans de pacients) d'alt risc per esquizofrènia es van observar elevades taxes de simptomatologia prodròmica i psicopatologia. Concretament el 42,6% de la mostra tenia algun diagnòstic psiquiàtric, sent els més freqüents el trastorn per dèficit d'atenció (TDAH) amb un 34,6% i l'angoixa amb un 3,8%. A més, la mostra de nens d'alt risc tenia més dificultats cognitives, obtenint puntuacions més baixes que els controls en coeficient intel•lectual, memòria de treball i memòria lògica memòria que els controls.
Tenint en compte les elevades taxes de psicopatologia es van repetir les anàlisis dividint el grup d'alt risc entre els que tenien TDAH i els que no. Els resultats van mostrar puntuacions més elevades en els nens d'alt risc amb TDAH en algunes escales clíniques com la de símptomes prodròmics, problemes de conducta i ajust premòrbid. No es van trobar diferències significatives entre els grups d'alt risc amb i sense TDAH en cap àrea cognitiva, encara que si que es van trobar entre els dos grups d'alt risc i els controls en l'índex de comprensió verbal, raonament perceptiu, memòria de treball i índex de capacitat global de les escales Wechsler.
En el segon estudi, es comparen dos grups diferents de familiars de primer grau, els fills de pacients versus els germans de pacients i els controls. Els resultats van mostrar no hi havien diferències significatives entre els grups d'alt risc (fills i germans) en els diagnòstics DSMIV. El diagnòstic més freqüent en ambdues mostres d'alt risc va tornar a ser el trastorn per dèficit d'atenció / hiperactivitat (TDAH), seguit del trastorn negativista desafiant i del trastorn d'ansietat generalitzada. Tots dos grups d'alt risc (fills i germans) van obtenir pitjors resultats que els controls en símptomes prodròmics, ajust premòrbid i en les escales de problemes de conducta. Pel que fa a l'àrea cognitiva, els fills dels pacients van obtenir pitjors puntuacions que els controls en la majoria d'índexs del WISCIV, en memòria lògica, memòria visual i en organització perceptiva, mentre que els germans dels pacients només van mostrar més dificultats que els controls en els índexs del WISCIV, memòria lògica i organització perceptiva. La majoria d'aquestes diferències es van mantenir estables després de controlar pel TDAH. La comparació entre els fills i els germans va mostrar diferències significatives en l'escala de símptomes prodròmics i memòria de treball fins i tot després de controlar per TDAH.
CONCLUSIÓ
Els nens i adolescents d'alt risc mostren elevades taxes de psicopatologia, sobretot TDAH i trastorns d'ansietat. S’observen també més dificultats cognitives als nens d’alt risc en comparació amb els controls sans. Del primer estudi es desprèn també que els nens d'alt risc amb TDAH semblen tenir un patró clínic més greu, però un perfil cognitiu similar als nens d’alt risc sense TDAH, el que suggereix que aquests dèficits són independents del diagnòstic clínic.
Del segon estudi es conclou que fills i germans de pacients amb esquizofrènia tenen patrons similars clínics i neuropsicològics. No obstant això aquests perfils no són totalment idèntics observant-se majors dificultats en el grup de fills de pacients en algunes àrees clíniques i neuropsicològiques.INTRODUCTION Studies have shown higher rates of psychopathology and cognitive difficulties among relatives of schizophrenia patients than among the general population. The first study aimed to analyze the relationship between clinical and neuropsychological characteristics in children and adolescents at high genetic risk for schizophrenia. The second study aimed to examine clinical and neuropsychological characteristics in two different groups of first degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia — one of siblings (HRs), and one of offspring (HRo)— and compare them with healthy controls (HC). METHODS Participants were child and adolescent first-degree relatives of subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia (high-risk [HR] group) and controls whose parents and siblings did not meet DSM-IV criteria for any psychotic disorder. RESULTS Among HR children 42.3% were diagnosed with one or more DSM-IV axis I psychiatric disorders. The most common diagnoses were attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD and generalized anxiety disorder. There were significant differences between HR children and controls with respect to prodromal symptoms, behavioral problems and premorbid adjustment, as well as on the majority of intelligence subscales, working memory and logical memory. When differences between HR with ADD (HR-ADD), HR without ADD (HR-NADD) and controls were analyzed, significantly higher scores on clinical scales of prodromal symptoms, behavioral problems and premorbid adjustment were found in HR-ADD than in HR-NADD or controls. There were no significant differences in cognitive domains between HR-ADD and HR-NADD, but there were between HR-ADD and controls and between HR-NADD and controls on the Verbal Comprehension Index, Perceptual Reasoning Index, Working Memory Index and GAI. Regarding cognitive areas, HRo performed worse than HC on most WISC-IV index scores, logical memory, visual memory and perceptual organization, whereas HRs only performed worse in WISC-IV indexes, logical memory and perceptual organization. Most of these differences remained stable after controlling for ADHD. The comparison between HRo and HRs showed significant differences in prodromal symptoms and working mermory after controlling for ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Compared to controls, HR children showed more clinical symptoms and cognitive abnormalities. HR children with ADD had worse clinical symptoms than did HR without ADD, although there were no differences in terms of cognitive abnormalities. Both HR groups seem to have similar deficits in neuropsychological performance. Similar abnormalities in HRo and HRs were found in relation to clinical and neuropsychological variables. Subtle differences were found between HR groups with HRo showing difficulties in more clinical and neuropsychological areas than HRs and HC. This suggests that, the specific kind of family relationship should to be taken into account in future HR research.
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Rodríguez, i. Morera Anna. "Els nens i adolescents davant el càncer avançat o terminal dels pares." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129900.
Full textAbstract:
Els nens i adolescents durant l’etapa avançada o terminal de la malaltia oncològica d’un dels pares experimenten importants canvis en les seves rutines diàries, en els seus sentiments i en la percepció del seu entorn familiar. Tot i així, les reaccions d’ajustament de molts d’ells davant d’aquesta situació no comporta problemes psicològics importants, però si que hi hauria factors que poden afavorir o dificultar aquest procés d’ajustament.
Els objectius d’aquesta tesi eren descriure la relació entre el càncer avançat o terminal d’un dels pares i l’augment de risc de dificultats psicosocials en els fills menors, i explorar factors que podrien actuar com a moderadors o mediadors de l’ajustament psicosocial dels fills a la malaltia oncològica avançada o terminal d’un dels pares en la nostra població.
Es va estudiar una mostra prospectiva de 74 fills, d’edats compreses entre 5 i 18 anys (M = 11,2 anys, DE = 4,2), i els seus respectius pares, 48 pacients amb càncer avançat o terminal de l’Institut Català d’Oncologia de l’Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, junt a les seves parelles sanes i els tutors escolars.
Encara que tots els nens i adolescents van mostrar d’alguna manera estar afectats per la malaltia, fins i tot aquells que aparentaven total normalitat, la majoria no presentaven grans dificultats d’afrontament, i entre un 10 i un 20% apuntaven situació de risc o problemes amb significació clínica o adaptativa, amb un percentatge major d’adolescents que de nens amb problemàtica de tipus adaptatiu. La cohesió familiar, predominava en la majoria de famílies fins el final de la malaltia, i facilitava l’ajustament dels seus membres. Els nens més petits semblaven funcionar d’una manera més independent dels aspectes psicosocials i del funcionament familiar mentre que els adolescents depenien més de l’entorn i de la cohesió familiar. Les mares eren les principals comunicadores de la situació mèdica del progenitor malalt, fossin o no elles les malaltes, i aconseguien una millor expressió emocional amb els fills que els pares. Tot i que poques famílies mantenien un procés obert de comunicació sobre la malaltia, si que l’objectiu era trobar la comunicació òptima amb el fill, fent un balanç entre la voluntat d’informar i la de protegir. Els progenitors sans i tutors escolars coincidien més en la detecció dels aspectes disruptius dels nens i adolescents que en la valoració d’aspectes positius i adaptatius. La pregunta “com ho porta el/la vostre/a fill/a?” feta als pares descobriria la situació de benestar emocional i de conducta dels adolescents però no en els nens, i estaria relacionada significativament amb la classificació dicotòmica dels fills segons el tipus d’ajustament, per tant, podria ser una bona eina de triatge dins de l’entrevista clínica mèdica o psicològica dels equips d’oncologia. L’ajust escolar del fill era valorat per molts progenitors sans i tutors escolars com indicador d’habilitats adaptatives i benestar. Els fills de més edat i amb més nombre de germans es relacionaven amb mal ajustament. Finalment, l’edat del fill seria predictora del tipus de classificació (bon ajustament o mal ajustament), essent els fills grans els més probablement mal ajustats a la situació. L’afrontament dels progenitors a la situació seria segurament el principal factor mediador de l’ajustament dels seus fills durant la malaltia, essent molt probable que tota la família seguís el mateix model d’afrontament.
La intervenció psicològica amb famílies de pares amb càncer i fills menors, hauria de ser una atenció preventiva, durant tota la malaltia, a través d’una intervenció dirigida i de suport, a totes les famílies, i en especial a aquelles amb indicadors de risc psicosocial o de vulnerabilitat emocional, o davant de l’aparició de simptomatologia clínica o adaptativa. La prevenció com a futur de la intervenció psicològica amb pares i mares amb càncer avançat o terminal s’iniciaria des del primer moment del diagnòstic, mantenint-se durant tota la malaltia i distribuint-se per tota la família, fins arribar de manera integrada i normalitzada als nens i adolescents.Children and adolescents during the advanced or terminal cancer of a parent experience major changes in their daily routines, their feelings and the perception of their home environment. Although, wrapping reactions from many of them facing this situation do not entail significant psychological problems, some factors might help or hinder this process. The main objectives of this thesis were to describe the relationship between advanced or terminal cancer from one parent and the increase of risk of psychosocial problems in children’s and adolescents, and explore what factors might act as moderators or mediators of children's psychosocial adjustment in advanced cancer or terminal illness of one of the parents in our population. We studied a prospective sample of 74 children, aged between 5 and 18 years (M = 11.2 years, SD = 4.2), and their respective parents, 48 patients with advanced or terminal cancer being treated at the Catalan Institute of Oncology of the University Hospital of Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, in conjunction with their healthy partners and tutors. Although all children and teenagers showed somehow being affected by the disease, even those who seemed to cope with it with complete normalcy, most of them didn’t show significant problems for dealing with the situation and between 10 and 20% targeted risk or clinical problems, with a higher percentage of adolescents rather than children with adaptive problems. Family cohesion, dominated in most families until the end of the disease, which helped all its members. The younger children seemed to operate more independently in home psychosocial aspects, whereas teens were more dependent on the environment and family cohesion. Mothers were the main communicators of the medical situation, whether they were the sick ones or not, as they had a better emotional expression with the children than their fathers. Although few families, maintained an open process of communication about the disease, the goal of most of them was to find the right communication with the children, and finding the suitable balance between informing and protecting their children. Health parents and tutors agreed more on finding disruptive factors among children than assessing the positive and adaptive factors. The question "How does your child cope with the situation?" asked to parents, will discover the situation of emotional well-being behaviour in adolescents but not in children, and it would be related positive and significantly with the classification of good or bad adjustment, therefore, it could be a good selection tool in the clinical, medical or psychological interview from the oncology teams. Older child’s and with higher number of brothers would be related to the bad adjustment. Finally, the age would be predictive of the type of classification (good adjustment or bad adjustment), being the older children more likely classified as bad adjusted to the situation. As key point, the type of coping from parents to the situation, would surely be the main mediator of the adjustment of their children during the illness, being very likely that all the family will make use of the same way of coping. Psychological intervention within families with children and parents suffering from cancer should be a preventive care, carrying out a targeted and supportive intervention to all the families, especially those with psychosocial or emotional vulnerability risk indicators face to advanced illness of one of the parents, or in front of clinical or adaptive symptoms. Prevention should be the future of psychological intervention with fathers and mothers with advanced or terminal cancer, starting from the beginning of the diagnosis, being kept during the disease and being distributed among the whole family till being integrated and normalised to children and adolescents.
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Almada, Sílvia Marques de. "A questão do regionalismo em a mulher do garimpo, de Nenê Macaggi." Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2015. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=287.
Full textAbstract:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorEsta dissertação tem como objetivo abordar as peculiaridades da manifestação do fenômeno regionalista no romance A Mulher do Garimpo de Nenê Macaggi. Publicado na década de 70, o romance tematiza e representa a Amazônia, em especial o espaço que hoje compreende o estado de Roraima, no período que vai do final da década de 20 até meados da década de 40. E, nesse movimento, dá a conhecer a Amazônia elegendo e sumariando os elementos naturais dessa região: a fauna, a flora, a abundância de suas terras, os recursos hídricos e minerais, dentre outros. Elementos esses que a região dadivosamente oferece àqueles que, com técnica e conhecimento, aqui chegando, poderão aproveitar para o bem da nação. Como elemento pitoresco, o texto de A Mulher do Garimpo seleciona o indígena da região, seus costumes, sua culinária, suas crenças; mas escolhe o garimpeiro como herói da narrativa, figura que, juntamente com os fazendeiros, historicamente considerados os pioneiros de Roraima, faz parte da casta dos desbravadores do lugar. E é justamente por essa preocupação da autora em selecionar e documentar em seu romance o meio físico, social e mesmo linguístico da região, que A Mulher do Garimpo se aproxima do regionalismo realistanaturalista da literatura brasileira. De outra perspectiva, analisamos também como a representação e a mimetização destes elementos marcantes, exóticos, se apoiam num tipo de discurso de longa duração sobre a Amazônia. A análise desses elementos de representação, que se manifestam na estrutura, no desenvolvimento da temática, na história e no discurso de A Mulher do Garimpo, conduz à interpretação da manifestação do regionalismo nesta obra pioneira da narrativa romanesca roraimense.
This dissertation aims to address the peculiarities of manifestation of the regionalism phenomenon in the novel A Mulher do Garimpo by Nenê Macaggi. Published in the 70s, the Macaggis novel takes the Amazon as the major theme, especially the space that now forms the state of Roraima, in the period from the late 1920s until the beginning of 1940. And in this movement, shows the Amazon, electing and summarizing the natural elements of the region: its fauna and flora, the abundance of its lands, its water and mineral resources, and points out that the region offers its richness for those people who, arriving here with technical knowledge, can enjoy its richness for the good of the nation. As picturesque element, A Mulher do Garimpo selects the indigenous of the region: his beliefs, his cuisine, his traditions; but chooses the gold miner as the hero of the narrative. The gold miner, who, together with the farmer, figures as part of the caste of the pioneers of Roraima. And it is precisely this concern by the author in selecting and documenting the physical environment, the social and even language of the region in this novel, that the A Mulher do Garimpo approximates of the realistic-naturalistic regionalism of Brazilian literature. From another perspective, we analyze how the representation and imitation of these striking elements is supported by a type of long term discourse about the Amazon. The analysis of the representation of these elements that appear in the structure, theme development, history and discourse of the novel A Mulher do Garimpo leads the interpretation of the regionalismo manifestation in this narrative, which is considered the pioneering novel in Roraima.
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Matindike, Tashinga. "14 ways to remember Nzira gumi nena dzekuyeuka : exploring and preserving memories." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8272.
Full textAbstract:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-107).
My project is one of memorialisation, expressed as a creative process. A core theme throughout my work concerns the notions of absence and presence, as the project is founded on a personal loss and inspired by a desire to sustain the memories of my late brother. My investigation involves the exploration and preservation of the memories of my brother. The body of work manifests as the residue of my reflections on grief and memory that I have chosen to exhibit in a commemorative manner. In turn, my practice has functioned as a source of comfort in the course of my mourning.
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Romoli, Jacopo. "Soft but Strong. Neg-Raising, Soft Triggers, and Exhaustification." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10566.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis, I focus on scalar implicatures, presuppositions and their connections. In chapter 2, I propose a scalar implicature-based account of neg-raising inferences, standardly analyzed as a presuppositional phenomenon (Gajewski 2005, 2007). I show that an approach based on scalar implicatures can straightforwardly account for the differences and similarities between neg-raising predicates and presuppositional triggers. In chapters 3 and 4, I extend this account to “soft” presuppositions, a class of presuppositions that are easily suspendable (Abusch 2002, 2010). I show how such account can explain the differences and similarities between this class of presuppositions and other presuppositions on the one hand, and scalar implicatures on the other. Furthermore, I discuss various consequences that it has with respect to the behavior of soft presuppositions in quantificational sentences, their interactions with scalar implicatures, and their effects on the licensing of negative polarity items. In chapter 5, I show that by looking at the interaction between presuppositions and scalar implicatures we can solve a notorious problem which arises with conditional sentences like (1) (Soames 1982, Karttunen and Peters 1979). The main issue with (1) is that it is intuitively not presuppositional and this is not predicted by any major theory of presupposition projection. (1) I’ll go, if you go too. Finally, I explore in more detail the question of which alternatives should we consider in the computation of scalar implicatures (chapter 6). Traditionally, the answer has been to consider the subset of logically stronger alternatives than the assertion. Recently, however, arguments have been put forward in the literature for including also logically independent alternatives. I support this move by presenting some novel arguments in its favor and I show that while allowing new alternatives makes the right predictions in various cases, it also causes an under- and an over-generation problem. I propose a solution to each problem, based on a novel recursive algorithm for checking which alternatives are to be considered in the computation of scalar implicatures and the role of focus (Rooth 1992, Fox and Katzir 2011).Linguistics
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Borràs, López Eva. "Estudi de la cobertura vacunal en nens menors de 3 anys a Catalunya." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2845.
Full textAbstract:
Les vacunes constitueixen l'instrument amb major potencial de prevenció de les malalties transmissibles i l'únic que permet aconseguir la seva eliminació en una comunitat o país.Actualment es disposen de vacunes que han mostrat eficàcies molt elevades, però la seva efectivitat en la protecció de la població depèn no solament de l'eficàcia de les vacunes sinó també de les cobertures dels programes de vacunació.
Les cobertures vacunals poden monitorar-se directament, comptabilitzant a tots els individus que reben vacunes, el tipus i la dosi de les mateixes o bé, poden estimar-se per mètodes indirectes. Els mètodes indirectes d'estimació més freqüentment usats per la seva simplicitat es basen en les dosis administrades globalment en la població o bé, en les vacunes distribuïdes a la població. Aquests mètodes poden sobreestimar les cobertures reals. Un tercer mètode indirecte per conèixer la cobertura vacunal és mitjançant enquestes realitzades en mostres de la població general, bé sigui preguntant als pares dels nens o alternativament comprovant amb revisions als carnets vacunals o als registres pediàtrics la informació proporcionada pels pares.
El coneixement de la cobertura vacunal és fonamental per a plantejar estratègies correctes que permeten aconseguir els objectius dels programes de vacunacions i en l'avaluació dels mateixos. També és necessari per identificar grups amb baixa cobertura, identificar motius de manca de vacunació i obtenir informació general per a la planificació.
Els indicadors de cobertura vacunal permeten realitzar el seguiment dels programes de vacunació sistemàtica o de les campanyes específiques de vacunació, definir la readequació de les estratègies d'accés a la població diana i avaluar periòdicament les polítiques vacunals.
OBJECTIU:
Estimar la cobertura de les vacunes incloses en el calendari de vacunacions sistemàtiques de la població infantil de Catalunya dels nens menors de 3 anys i les variables associades a aquesta.
METODOLOGIA:
Estudi observacional descriptiu transversal retrospectiu mitjançant una enquesta telefònica aleatòria estratificada segons la regió sanitària en rural i urbana.
La població mostrejada està formada per 630 nens i nenes nascuts l'octubre de 2001 empadronats als municipis participants.
RESULTATS:
Els resultats van demostra que més del 94% dels 630 nens havien rebut 4 dosis de DTPa/w i de VPO, que el 95% havien rebut 3 dosis de MCC, que el 90% havien rebut 4 dosis d'Hib i més el de 98% havien rebut una dosis d' XRP.
No es va detectar cap diferencia ni entre les regions sanitàries de Catalunya ni per tipus de residencia (urbana o rural), de la cobertura segons el tipus de vacuna i el número de dosis, ni de la cobertura de vacunació dels esquemes estudiats. Es va observar associació entre ser immigrant i presentar una menor cobertura, excepte per la cobertura de 4 dosis de VPO i d'Hib.
CONCLUSIONS:
S'observa homogeneïtat de la cobertura vacunal en tot el territori, però la cobertura en la població immigrant és baixa, especialment en els nouvinguts.
S'han de realitzar actuacions per tal d'augmentar la cobertura vacunal en la població immigrant i també orientar-les per tal d'augmentar la cobertura de les dosis de reforç en la població autòctona.
"Study of the vaccine coverage in children below 3 years old in Catalonia."
INTRODUCTION:
At present vaccines available have very high proven efficacy, but effectiveness in protecting population depends not only on the efficacy of the vaccines but also of the immunization coverage being attained by vaccination programs.
Universal vaccination is one of the most efficient public health strategies since it has achieved a drastic reduction in the incidence of many vaccine-preventable diseases.
OBJECTIVE:
The goal of this study was to assess vaccine coverage of the vaccines included in the systematic immunization schedule for children younger than 3 years in Catalonia and the variables associated with this coverage.
METHODOLOGY:
A retrospective transversal descriptive observational study through a stratified random survey has been carried out by sanitary region and by type of town, rural or urban. The sampled population was 630 children born in October of 2001 registered in the chosen municipalities.
RESULTS:
The results showed that in more than 94% of the 630 children had received 4 doses of DTPa/w and OPV, than 95% had received 3 doses of MenC, than 90% had received 4 doses of Hib and more than 98% had received one dose of MMR. No differences were detected neither among the sanitary regions of Catalonia, type of residence (urban or rural), coverage according to type of vaccine and number of doses, nor in vaccination schemes studied.
Coverage in the immigrant population was lower than in the autochthonous one. Association was observed among being immigrant and showing smaller coverage, except in the case of 4 doses of OPV and of Hib.
CONCLUSIONS:
Homogeneity of the vaccine coverage is observed in the territory, but there is lesser coverage in the immigrant population, especially in newcomers. Follow up on vaccine coverage is essential in order to evaluate immunization programs. Efforts increasing vaccination coverage in the immigrant population and increasing the coverage of booster doses in autochthonous population have to be carried out.
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González, Peris Manel. "El plec abdominal com a predictor del percentatge de greix en nens esportistes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/308126.
Full textAbstract:
En les societats industrialitzades, com la nostra, la millora del transport, les noves tecnologies i l’abundància d’aliments estan incrementant els índexs d’obesitat de forma epidèmica. La seva prevenció esdevé prioritària especialment en nens.
La determinació de l’obesitat infantil a les consultes de pediatria habitualment s’ha realitzat a través del Body Mass Index (BMI), que s’ha intentat corregir en funció de l’edat, tipus i origen de la població. Aquest índex no té en compte variables importants com la densitat i la composició corporal, el grau d’hidratació, la sobrecàrrega d’hidrats de carboni o el tipus d’esport practicat.
Entre els principals objectius terapèutics es busca reduir el BMI incrementant l’exercici físic, però en un estudi comparatiu, no s’han trobat diferències significatives del BMI entre nens no esportistes respecte de nens esportistes.
S’ha trobat bona correlació global entre el BMI corregit i el percentatge de greix Faulkner i el plec abdominal. Les bones correlacions anteriors també es troben en les diferents categories INSO i es mantenen de forma independent a l’edat, el sexe, el pes, l’alçada o la dècada.
Amb l’anterior, a partir del plec abdominal, es proposa el %Greix NAT i NAT (INSO) com a un nou mètode d’estimació i classificació, respectivament, del percentatge de greix en nens, tant en esportistes com en tota la població infantil en general.
L’aplicació en esportistes dels nous estimadors del greix NAT respecte al BMI permet comparar les diferents classificacions en funció de l’edat, el sexe o la dècada estudiada. Podem comprovar com els estimadors NAT són més precisos i com en la última dècada s’ha incrementat el percentatge de greix especialment en les noies adolescents.En las sociedades industrializadas, como la nuestra, la mejora del transporte, las nuevas tecnologías y la abundancia de alimentos están incrementando los índices de obesidad en forma epidémica. Su prevención resulta prioritaria especialmente en los niños. La determinación de obesidad infantil en las consulta de pediatría habitualmente se han realizado a través del Body Mass ndex (IMB), que se ha intentado corregir en función de la edad, tipos y origen de la población. Este tipo de índice no tiene en cuenta variables importantes como la densidad y la composición corporal, el grado de hidratación, la sobrecarga de hidratos de carbono o el tipo de deporte practicado. Entre los principales objetivos terapéuticos se busca reducir el BMI incrementando el ejercicio físico, pero en un estudio comparativo no se han encontrado diferencias significativas del BMI entre niños no deportistas respecto a niños deportistas. Se ha encontrado una buena correlación global entre el BMI corregido y el porcentaje de grasa Faulkner y el pliegue abdominal. Las buenas correlaciones anteriores también se encuentran en las diferentes categorías INSO y se mantienen de forma independiente a la edad, el sexo, el peso, la altura o la década. Constatado esto, a partir del pliegue abdominal, se propone el %Greix NAT y NAT (INSO) como nuevo método de estimación y clasificación respectivamente del porcentaje de grasa en niños, tanto en deportistas como en toda la población infantil en general. La aplicación en deportistas de los nuevos estimadores de la grasa NAT respecto al BMI permite comparar las diferentes clasificaciones en función de la edad, el sexo o la década estudiada. Podemos comprobar cómo los estimadores NAT son más precisos y cómo en la última década se ha incrementado el porcentaje de grasa especialmente en las jóvenes adolescentes.
n the industrialized societies, like ours, the improvement of the transports, the new technologies and the amount of food are making the index of obesity increase epidemically. Its prevention becomes a priority especially in children. The determination of child obesity on the paediatric queries usually is made by the Body Mass Index (BMI), which depends on the age, type and population origin. This index does not take into account important variables like density and body build, the hydration degree, the carbohydrates overload or the sort of sports done. One of the main therapeutic proposes is to reduce the BMI increasing physical exercise, but there were no significant differences of BMI between children who practice sport and the ones who do not. There is a good global correlation between the mended BMI and the Faulkner fat percentage and the abdominal skinfold. The previous good correlations are in the different INSO categories and are independent from the age, gender, weight, height or decade. Having said that, from the abdominal fold, it is suggested a new method of estimation and classification of the %Fat NAT and NAT (INSO) of children who practice sport as well as the children population in general. The usage on athletes of the new NAT fat estimators with regard to the BMI allows a comparison between the different classifications depending on the age, the gender or the studied decade. We can prove the NAT estimators are more precise and that in the last decade the fat percentage of teenage girls has increased.
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Tria, Parareda Núria. "Cursant Concerta. Una aproximació etnogràfica a nens, adolescents i joves diagnosticats de TDAH." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/434476.
Full textAbstract:
La diagnosi de TDAH i la medicació amb metilfenidat o atomoxetina, junt (o no) a reeducacions cognitivo-conductuals, ha esdevingut en les darreres dècades una solució habitual que els dispositius educatiu i sanitari han ofert als nens que es considera que no progressen a l’escola adequadament. Aquesta “solució” ha generat abundant debat i controvertida literatura des de la inclusió del TDAH als anys ’80 del segle passat als manuals diagnòstics psiquiàtrics de referència, especialment als EEUU, pioner en la medicalització d’aquest àmbit de la vida dels nens i les seves famílies. Mentre uns afirmen que es tracta d’una malaltia “inventada” d’altres defensen “l’evidència científica” de la seva ubicació cerebral i el pes de la genètica en la seva aparició.
A la present recerca pretenc explorar per mitjà del treball de camp etnogràfic el fenomen social del TDAH estudiant-lo a un context local format per dues unitats d’anàlisi: un Centre de Salut Mental infanto-juvenil (CSMIJ) i el meu propi centre de treball, un Institut d’Ensenyaments Secundaris (IES), ambdós ubicats a Barcelona.
La recerca l’he plantejat en dos temps, i des de dos angles diferents, reflectits a les dues parts de que consta l’etnografia. A la primera part i amb l’objectiu de copçar el fenomen del TDAH en conjunt, l’he considerat un “fet social total” i he utilitzat les nocions de “joc” i “institució” per a preguntar-me i descriure, tant al CSMIJ (capítol I) com a l’IES (capítol II) els processos de construcció i institucionalització de la nosologia mèdica TDAH i la seva administració a nens, adolescents i joves. A la segona part (capítol III) m’he apropat a l’experiència particular d’alguns nois que han estat, en algun moment de la seva vida, designats com a TDAH i medicats. He escoltat la seva veu i m’he preguntat què significa “esdevenir TDAH”, posant el focus en els processos de subjectivació, d’internalització, de la taxonomia biomèdica així com del que anomenarem “lògica del diagnòstic”.
La reflexió final gira entorn la configuració de la persona, de la identitat, d’aquests nens, adolescents i joves que han estat diagnosticats de TDAH i medicats, entenent aquesta identitat com una construcció en procés i en diàleg permanent, al frec del joc institucional i les particularitats biogràfiques individuals. Em pregunto si podem parlar d’identitats medicalitzades i, finalment, procuro explicar què significa per a mi, “cursar Concerta”, una expressió que, sobre el terreny, sentia plena de significatA diagnosis of ADHD and treatment with methylphenidate (Ritalin) or atomoxetine (Strattera), combined with cognitive-behavioral therapies (though not always), has emerged in recent decades as the solution that education and health professionals customarily provide to children who are considered not to make adequate progress at school. This “solution” has generated intense debate and produced controversial literature ever since the 1980s when ADHD was included in clinical psychiatric diagnostic manuals, especially in the US, a pioneer in pathologizing this area of children’s and families’ lives. While some maintain that ADHD is an “invented” disease, others point to the “scientific evidence” of its location in the brain and the genetics involved in its presentation. In this study, I aim to explore the social phenomenon of ADHD through ethnographic field- work, specifically by studying a local context comprised by two sites of analysis, both located in Barcelona: a Childhood & Juvenile Mental Health Center (CSMIJ, in Catalan) and my own workplace, a Secondary Education Institute, (IES, in Catalan). I have planned the research to take place in two periods, from two different angles, reflected in the two parts that make up the ethnography. In the first part, in order to better grasp the phenomenon of ADHD in its totality, I approach it as a “global social fact,” using the concepts of “interplay” and “institution” to inquire and describe the processes of construction and institutionalization of the medical classification of ADHD and its management in children, adolescents and young adults at both the CSMIJ (Chapter 1) and the IES (Chapter 2). In the second part (Chapter 3), I approach the personal experience of certains youths who at some point in their lives have been diagnosed with ADHD and medicated. I have listened to their voices and considered what it means to “develop ADHD” by focusing on the processes of subjectivation and internalization of the biomedical taxonomy, as well as what I call the “logics of diagnosis.” The final reflection centers on the configuration of the personhood and identity of these children, adolescents and young adults who have been diagnosed with ADHD and medicated. I understand “identity” as a construction-in-process and in constant dialogue, between institutional interplay[1] and individual biographical particularities. I venture to ask if we could be dealing with “medicalized identities,” and finally, I attempt to explain what the expression “cursant Concerta[2]” (one that I felt charged with meaning on the ground) means to me.
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Hendon, Adrienne Leigh. "Pick-Up lines: To Use a Neg or a Flippant?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1446.
Full textAbstract:
Pick-up lines are a "ritual that tries to turn strangers into lovers" (Murray, 1985, p.17). By studying how pick-up lines are perceived by the population, we might learn how the phenomenon of short- or long-term mating is initiated. By taking into account mating strategies, mate value, attractiveness, and flirting strategies, a pattern of behaviors and reactions may be observed. This study examines perceived pick-up line appropriateness and effectiveness when the attractiveness of the man delivering them varies. To test the effectiveness of 2 different types of pick-up lines, an online survey featuring 1 of 4 videos was administered. Results indicated that a humorous pick-up line was perceived as more effective and favorable than a slightly insulting one. An attractive man was perceived to be more communicatively competent than an unattractive man. Men, regardless of attractiveness, were perceived as more socially attractive when using a humorous pick-up line.