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Journal articles on the topic 'Neo-classical school'
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1
Lomia, Ekaterine. "Political Realism in International Relations: Classical Realism, Neo-realism, and Neo-Classical Realism." International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research 7, no. 3 (2020): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ijospervol7iss3pp591-600.
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Realism, also known as political realism, is one of the most dominant theories of international relations. The school of thought in realism was established in the post-World War II era; however, it is widely associated with the ancient Greek studies, particularly, in the works of Thucydides who allows a more sophisticated analysis of the conception of power and its place in the anarchic international system. Unlike idealism and liberalism, which underline the idea of cooperation in international relations, realism stresses a competitive and confrontational side of human nature and argues that in global politics there is no space for morality. Thus, states show constant readiness to obtain power and achieve their political ends. The article aims at studying the basic approach, the theory of realism is based on. The study has been prepared as a result of examining articles and books written by dominant realist scholars who have influential opinions in the field.
 
 
 
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Awang Abd Rahman, Amilah. "BETWEEN THE CLASSICAL MU'TAZILITES AND NEO-MU'TAZILITES: AN ANALYSIS OF HARUN NASUTION’S MODERN ISLAMIC THOUGHT IN INDONESIA." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 5, no. 1 (2020): 336–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp336-355.
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Lately, the classical schools of Islamic theology are generally associated with various modern movements such as Neo-Kharijites and Neo-Mu'tazilites especially in terms of their negative influence. This paper aims at critically analyzing the way in which modern Muslim scholars claim the legacy of the classical Mu‘tazilite school. It specifically offers a critical overview of the spirit and contents of both early Islamic movements. It is attempted to draw a more objective picture of the classical Mu‘tazilite school, based on their primary sources. The Indonesian Harun Nasution is taken as an example of a Neo-Mu‘tazilite scholar. This paper argues that the original Mu’tazilite spirit is not accurately represented by Harun Nasution. The Mu‘tazilite was the first theological school who tried to defend and preserve the original teachings of Islam in the face of the many challenges of their time. Today, the Mu‘tazilite school is often misrepresented by portraying it as a purely rationalistic school and liberal thought. It is the view of the author that the misrepresentation of the Mu‘tazilite school as being a radical school of thought that propagated liberal society solely guided by reason, will bring bad consequence to the understanding and development of Muslim society in general. It can be either giving opportunity to the rise of liberal society with the claim of past root of the history of Muslims as occurred in Nasution’s case or rejecting reason from being important source of knowledge acknowledged by Islam.
 
 Keywords: Harun Nasution, Indonesia, Mu‘tazilite, Neo-Mu‘tazilite, rationalism.
 
 Cite as: Abd Rahman, A. A. (2020). Between the classical Mu'tazilites and Neo-Mu'tazilites: An analysis of Harun Nasution’s modern Islamic thought in Indonesia. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(1), 336-355. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp336-355
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Dr., Adesina Osho, Keme H. Lafegha Dr., and Odunayo Akintokunbo Dr. "CHRONICLE OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT AND PATTERN OF MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS: THE THEME FRAMEWORK." International Journal of Novel Research in Marketing Management and Economics 10, no. 2 (2023): 10–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7985475.
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<strong>Abstract:</strong> This paper chronicle management philosophy and pattern of management analysis from the classical school of thought through the neo-classical school up to the contemporary management scholars. The methodology involved identifying the central theme of each of the identified school and philosophy, analyzing the content of the proposition and its relevance to modern management practices. Each central theme was considered a proposition. The view of scholars for and against the proposition was critically analyzed. The paper concluded that all the theories of management philosopher from F.W Taylor, Max Weber to modern day integrative management theory are still very relevant and sustainable. <strong>Keywords:</strong> management philosophy, classical school of thought, neo-classical school, contemporary management scholars. <strong>Title:</strong> CHRONICLE OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT AND PATTERN OF MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS: THE THEME FRAMEWORK <strong>Author:</strong> Dr. Adesina Osho, Dr. Keme H. Lafegha, Dr. Odunayo Akintokunbo <strong>International Journal of Novel Research in Marketing Management and Economics</strong> <strong>ISSN 2394-7322</strong> <strong>Vol. 10, Issue 2, May 2023 - August 2023</strong> <strong>Page No: 10-19</strong> <strong>Novelty Journals</strong> <strong>Website: www.noveltyjournals.com</strong> <strong>Published Date: 30-</strong><strong>May-2023</strong> <strong>DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7985475</strong> <strong>Paper Download Link (Source)</strong> <strong>https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/CHRONICLE%20OF%20MANAGEMENT%20THOUGHT-30052023-3.pdf</strong>
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French, Steven. "Re‐thinking the foundations of the strategic business process." Journal of Management Development 28, no. 1 (2009): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02621710910923863.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a coherent model of several schools of strategic ideas while utilising and building on the models extant in the literature, but also considering a change of epistemological and systemic paradigms.Design/methodology/approachAn extensive review of the literature was undertaken.FindingsThe result of the analysis of the literature is that a seven‐school model is postulated. The seven schools being grouped within three categories. The first category is labelled the Classical Schools and includes the Design School, the Planning School and the Positioning School. The second category is labelled the Neo‐classical Schools and includes the Contingency School and the Resource School. The third category is labelled the Post‐Classical Schools and includes the Learning School and the Emergence School.Practical implicationsThe concept of strategic emergence, a characteristic of a complex self‐adapting system, is developed.Originality/valueVery little work, especially in strategy has been done outside the Modernist paradigm. This paper explores the possibility of incorporating open system ideas into a strategic methodology.
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Fadliansyah, Fauzi. "Efektivitas Media Neo Snake and Ladder Game Terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa." EduBasic Journal: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar 1, no. 1 (2019): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ebj.v1i1.26219.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Neo Snake and Ladder Game media in increasing students' mathematical communication skills. The population in this study were fourth grade students of Sukaratu 4 Elementary School, Majasari District, Pandeglang Regency in the Academic Year of 2019/2020. The reseracher used simple random sampling. The data collection used tests of mathematical communication skills, observation, and documentation. The results showed that (1) the classical completeness test of students' mathematical communication skills reached a minimum limit of 68, (2) mathematical communication skills of Neo Snake and Ladder Game media had reached classical completeness of 75% and (3) the increase in average of mathematical communication skills using media Neo Snake and Ladder Games were better than the average mathematical communication skills of students without using Neo Snake and Ladder Games media. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that Neo Snake and Ladder Games media are effective in improving students' mathematical communication skills.
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Olbrich, Michael, Tobias Quill, and David J. Rapp. "Business Valuation Inspired by the Austrian School." Journal of Business Valuation and Economic Loss Analysis 10, no. 1 (2015): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbvela-2014-0001.
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AbstractThe significant failure rates observed in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) indicate structural deficiencies in business transactions. This paper identifies serious weaknesses in common valuation methods that play a key role in poor transaction practice. Common valuation methods are in particular discounted cash flow (DCF) methods. DCF methods are usually based on neo-classical theories that assume the existence of a perfect and complete capital market. As will be demonstrated, the underlying theoretical patchwork is contradictory and lacks utility. Therefore, utilizing DCF methods to value a business and deduce economic decisions from such a valuation is decision-making built on sand. Following a normative-deductive methodology, this paper seeks an alternative theoretical concept to build a business valuation theory on solid ground. Such an alternative is found in the Austrian School of thought. The resulting valuation concept, subjective business valuation theory, is based on the theory of marginal utility proposed by Gossen, which was rediscovered and refined by the scholars of the early Austrian School. Contrary to highly restrictive neo-classical valuation, subjective business valuation approaches reality and is therefore well-suited for practical implementation.
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Alloush, Ibrahim. "A Historical Sketch of Profit Theories in Mainstream Economics." International Business Research 9, no. 4 (2016): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v9n4p148.
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<p>In this paper, the main contributions to the development of profit theories are delineated in a chronological order to provide a quick reference guide for the concept of profit and its origins. Relevant theories are cited in reference to their authors and the school of thought they are affiliated with. Profit is traced through its Classical and Marginalist origins into its mainstream form in the literature of the Neo-classical school. As will be seen, the book is still not closed on a concept which may still afford further theoretical refinement.</p>
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Amir, Ahmad Nabil, and Tasnim Abdul Rahman. "HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE MU‘TAZILITE THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL OF THOUGHT." Jurnal SAMBAS (Studi Agama, Masyarakat, Budaya, Adat, Sejarah): Journal of Religious, Community, Culture, Costume, History Studies) 7, no. 2 (2025): 94–105. https://doi.org/10.37567/sambas.v7i2.3274.
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The paper examines the historical development of Mu'tazilite theological school of thought which arises from speculative method and influences of Greek thought that sparked the discursive tradition of early Islamic intellectual history. This was essentially brought forth by the textualist and rationalist school and their classical debate that had formative influence in the rational school developed by the Mu'tazilites in the early centuries. The paper studies the history and development of Mu'tazilite theology and their conceptual and doctrinal impact on modern neo-Mu'tazilite works. The study is based on classical works that provide underlying textual and interpretive history of Mu'tazilism. It uses qualitative method based on documentary survey and content analysis. Data were collected from related primary and secondary sources and analyzed using descriptive, normative, historical and theological approaches in order to make accurate findings. The finding shows that the Mu'tazilites ideology was historically developed to counter the alleged philosophical influence of deviant sects of the heretics, Magians, Manichaeism, atheism, naturalists and materialists by refuting their philosophical premises. This contributes to the formative development of kalam or speculative theology thanks to the flowering of Mu'tazilite theology and their rational expression that helps to foster higher ethical and religious norms and theological ideas and its consequential influences on contemporary contexts that espouses neo-Mu'tazilite outlook calling for the return of reason and their enlightened movement.
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Mareeva, Elena, and Anna Vorobyova. "Cultural memory and paradigms in the study of the past: philosophy, history, cultural studies." SHS Web of Conferences 72 (2019): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20197203016.
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The study deals with the fundamental differences in understanding the past in the philosophy of history, in classical historical science, as well as in memory studies. The authors represent the features of the formation of a non-classical methodological paradigm in the interpretation of history by A. Warburg, in the German “historical school”, in the neo-Kantians of the Baden school and in the Annals school. The non-classical methodology in the study of the past is presented in the reversion from conscious personal choice to the mechanisms of the unconscious rallying of the collective in the concepts of cultural memory by M. Halbwachs and J. Assmann. The peculiarity of “mentality”, “identity” and “cultural memory” as concepts of modern non-classical discourse is revealed. It is concluded that the construction of mythological images of the past is a novation of the era of “managed democracy”, which carries elements of authoritarianism. The past, as demonstrated by memory studies, has once again become a myth that the media make good use of.
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Mian Ahmad Naeem Salik. "Conceptualising Role of the State in Light of Classical Economic Thought." Strategic Studies 38, no. 1 (2018): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.038.01.00166.
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This paper attempts to analyse and describe the role played by a state in promoting economic growth by contrasting two classical schools of political economy, the Keynesian school of thought and Neo-liberalism. The British economist, John Maynard Keynes proposed optimising market practices under a technocratic system of governance. In recent decades, this influential approach has exposed its vulnerabilities to the revival of neo-liberal laissez-faire arguments. In the age of globalisation, the integration of economies around the world has put new demands on the modern state at the very same time, in many ways, which have reduced their capacities to deal with those demands. The state today is squeezed, on the one side, by the forces of global economy and, on the other side, by the political demands for devolution of power. There is an important role for the state to play in the economic development, whether it is through intervention or deregulation, the ultimate choice lies with the society regarding which of the two forms to follow. In some dramatic role reversals, the yesteryear champions of laissez-faire (the US and UK) are moving towards protectionism, whereas, the earlier advocates (China and Russia) of closed economies are today arguing the case of free and fair international trade and globalisation per se. This is no coincidence as, ironically, both the school of thoughts have a lot in common in that they complement each other in many ways in terms of intellectual ideology.
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Zajceva, Irina. "Olympiodor of Alexandria – Scholarch of the Alexandrian School of Neoplatonism." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 4 (August 2021): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.4.1.
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Introduction. The domestic and foreign research literature pays great attention to Alexandrian Neo-Platonists of the 4th–6th centuries such as Hypatia, Ammonius son of Hermias, John Philoponus, but at the same time Olympiodorus, David the Invincible, Elias, Horapollon are given insufficient attention. This is largely due to lack of any reliable information in modern science, which reveals the life and professional path of these eminent intellectuals, as well as the fact that the majority of the few preserved works of these authors have not yet been translated into Russian and English. The author of the article aims to study the “intellectual portrait” of Olympiodorus without reconstruction or refinement of his curriculum vitae based on source analysis. Methods and materials. The Intellectual History and the micro-historical approach were chosen as the main methodological basis of this article. The work is based on the system-wide analysis and historical-biographical approach. The source base of the article consists of the extant Olympiodorus works in the book series “Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca”. The historiography of the topic, for the most part, is represented by the works of Western European scientists: L. Westerink, S. Viano, N. Tarrant, etc., in particular. Russian Science almost did not study the personality of Olympiodorus: the only exceptions are small articles or just incorporation of information about him in the biographies of other well-known personalities. Analysis. The author argues for the thesis that Olympiodorus, contrary to the prevailing opinion in Russian science, was a smart executive and a good scientist who managed to preserve the traditions of the Neo-Platonic School of Alexandria by continuing to interpret classical works of Plato and Aristotle. Conclusion. Based on the analysis of Olympiodorus works, the author concludes that Olympiodorus of Alexandria has assumed the post of head of the Alexandrian Philosophical School of Neo-Platonism in the competition with John Philoponus, also he has been able to continue the activities in line with the tradition of Ammonius, son of Hermias while supporting political parity with the Church authorities and has furthermore become one of the first of Alexandrian intellectuals who used a classical scientific approach to interpret works of Plato and Aristotle without striving for their absolutization.
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Nikulina, Ania. "Ballet in Ukraine: From Uncertainty to Defiance and Independence." Dance Research Journal 55, no. 1 (2023): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0149767723000062.
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This article is dedicated to analyzing existing cultural tensions between nationalism and neo-imperialism through the prism of oral narratives of ballet training in post-Soviet Ukraine. I present and reflect on the results of a three-month-long ethnographic field study, which took place at a primary state-sponsored ballet school in Ukraine—the Kyiv State Choreographic School. My article seeks to investigate the role and position of Ukrainian state-sponsored ballet at a crossroads of political and cultural crisis, when a new identity may rise from the ruins of a previously constructed cultural monolith of Soviet ballet. I explore the complex history and present condition of classical ballet training in Kyiv, Ukraine, and reveal it as both a contested cultural space and an important barrier to political radicalization. I show that ballet training centers of Ukraine successfully resist co-optation by both neo-imperial and nationalist ideologies, forming robust and inclusive dancing communities that in many ways mirror structures of modern Ukrainian society.
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Abdulmueen Hassan Balfas, Abdulmueen Hassan Balfas. "قصيدة المديح الإحيائية: البيعة والخلافة". journal of king abdulaziz university arts and humanities 27, № 4 (2019): 157–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/art.27-4.6.
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The study examines H?fidh Ibr?h?m's panegyric mad?h poem to the Neo-Classical pioneer poet, Ma?m?d S?m? al-B?r?d?, whose poetry is the cornerstone of the Neo-Classical School in the Modern Arabic literature. The main objective of this study is to understand the status of al-B?r?d? as the precursor of the Arab poetic revival of the modern age and of H?fidh as his successor. The poem acts as a poetic allegiance to al-B?r?d? on one hand, and a supplication for succession on the other. To support the descriptive approach which employs the critical analysis of the poetic texts, the study focuses on significant concepts such as H?fidh Ibr?h?m's panegyric mad?h poem as a poetic contrafaction (Mu'?radha) of al-Mutanabbi's d?liyyah, H?fidh's poetic voice (lyric I), the reconstruction of the traditional qas?dah with its themes and sections, and virtue as an essential factor for leadership in modern Arab community.
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Benedictus, Krisna Mukti, and Harefa Beniharmoni. "Disparity of Sentence Decisions against Criminal Offenders without the Right to Carry Sharp Weapons from the Perspective of the Purpose of Punishment." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 08, no. 01 (2025): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14586292.
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The aim of this research is twofold, namely, to analyze how criminal decisions against perpetrators of criminal acts without the right to carry sharp weapons which contain disparities can achieve the theory of punishment, then explain how the theory of proof of the occurrence of criminal decisions against perpetrators of criminal acts without the right to carry sharp weapons which states that they occurred disparity. This research method is empirical juridical, and in this research three approaches are used, namely, the empirical juridical approach and can be called a legal sociological approach in providing justice to criminal offenders in this research, especially the decisions that will be studied, then the case approach), conceptual approach. As in the case approach used are three decisions, namely the Supreme Court Decision Number 1146 K/Pid.Sus/2015; Supreme Court Decision Number 1070 K/Pid.Sus/2016; Supreme Court Decision Number 566 K/Pid.Sus/2017. Meanwhile, the conceptual approach used is disparity and the objectives of criminal law, and evidence. The results of the research in this research are that the three decisions of the panel of judges prioritize the neo-classical school because why in the neo-classical school in its main principle it says not only to protect the interests of society, but also to protect the interests of individuals, then there is a theory of evidence in analyzing the three the decision.
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Syafriani, Velly, Nuryasni, and Tri Yuliani. "Bridging Theories and Practice." Global Review of Tourism and Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (2025): 99–118. https://doi.org/10.53893/grtss.v1i2.338.
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This study examines the organizational management practices at UPTD SMP Negeri 2 Lareh Sago Halaban, focusing on leadership, human resource management, curriculum development, financial management, infrastructure maintenance, and community engagement. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research relies on secondary data from books, journals, and official documents. The findings reveal the integration of classical, neo-classical, and modern management theories, enabling the school to maintain structured operations while fostering adaptability and collaboration. Leadership and decision-making are pivotal in directing staff and ensuring alignment with educational objectives. Effective resource management and community engagement further enhance the institution's ability to navigate challenges and optimize performance. This study contributes theoretically by highlighting the interplay of organizational theories in educational settings and offers practical insights for improving school management. Limitations include reliance on secondary data and a single-case focus, suggesting future research expand scope and incorporate primary data collection.
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Heine, Michael. "Wie Deflationen entstehen - und was (nicht nur) die SPD von Brüning gelernt hat." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 34, no. 134 (2004): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v34i134.643.
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During the years 1930 - 1932 the Bruning government tried to fight against the results of the Great Depression with wage cuts and liscal restraint. In this they followed the advice of the neo-classical school of economics. This article shows that the economic policy of both the SPD-Green Federal Government and the SPD-PDS coalition in Berlin is based on the same logic, but - compared to Bruning - with even weaker arguments. As a result the danger of a deflationary spiral will increase.
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Arkam, Rohmad. "REORIENTASI PENDIDIKAN PESANTREN (TELAAH ATAS TUJUAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI PONDOK PESANTREN AL-ISLAM JORESAN MLARAK PONOROGO)." Konstruktivisme: Jurnal Pendidikan & Pembelajaran 10, no. 2 (2018): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/konstruk.v10i2.523.
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This research is aiming at examining the reorientation of Islamic boarding schools for the purpose of Islamic education in the Al-Islam Joresan Mlarak Ponorogo Islamic boarding school. This study included as a descriptive research, a case study was in the Al-Islam Joresan Mlarak Ponorogo boarding school. In collecting data, the writer used methods of interview, observation, and documentation. The techniques of analyzing data are reduction data, displaying data, and drawing conclusion or verification. Based on the result of the research, it was found that (1) background of reorientation of Islamic education in Al Islam Islamic boarding school conveys that it is indifferent toward the challenges of social change, participating themselves in social changes and playing role as an agent of social change (2 ) the aim of development of Islamic education at Islamic boarding school Al Islam Josaren Mlarak Ponorogo is in accordance with the Neo-Modernism model, it is a method trying to understand the basic thoughts and values contained in the Al Qur’an and As Sunnah by implicating and considering the treasures of classical intellectual Muslims. (3)the design of reorientation in Al Islam Islamic boarding school is a curriculum development, evaluation and institutionaldevelopment.
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Arkam, Rohmad. "REORIENTASI PENDIDIKAN PESANTREN (TELAAH ATAS TUJUAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI PONDOK PESANTREN AL-ISLAM JORESAN MLARAK PONOROGO)." Konstruktivisme : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran 10, no. 2 (2018): 239–47. https://doi.org/10.35457/konstruk.v10i2.523.
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This research is aiming at examining the reorientation of Islamic boarding schools for the purpose of Islamic education in the Al-Islam Joresan Mlarak Ponorogo Islamic boarding school. This study included as a descriptive research, a case study was in the Al-Islam Joresan Mlarak Ponorogo boarding school. In collecting data, the writer used methods of interview, observation, and documentation. The techniques of analyzing data are reduction data, displaying data, and drawing conclusion or verification. Based on the result of the research, it was found that (1) background of reorientation of Islamic education in Al Islam Islamic boarding school conveys that it is indifferent toward the challenges of social change, participating themselves in social changes and playing role as an agent of social change (2 ) the aim of development of Islamic education at Islamic boarding school Al Islam Josaren Mlarak Ponorogo is in accordance with the Neo-Modernism model, it is a method trying to understand the basic thoughts and values contained in the Al Qur ’an and As Sunnah by implicating and considering the treasures of classical intellectual Muslims. (3)the design of reorientation in Al Islam Islamic boarding school is a curriculum development, evaluation and institutionaldevelopment.
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Grossi, Vittorino. "Para leer la espiritualidad de san Agustín. Elementos culturales." Augustinus 65, no. 1 (2020): 23–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/augustinus202065256/25712.
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The article offers an outline of the context of the classical culture in which Christianity developed in the first three centuries, highlighting the humanistic culture of Seneca, the neo-Pythagorean school of the Sextii and the popular preaching of the Cynical Philosophers. On the other hand, the context of classical culture in Christianity of the 4th and 5th centuries is addressed, to highlight the problems that arose when trying to combine “culture” and Christianity. As an example of this problem, the case of Basil the Great and his Discourse to the young is offered. Subsequently, the article presents a series of open questions about the future of spirituality in relationship with «culture / cultures». The article ends with a discussion about Roman Paideia and the Christian Paideia.
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Carnis, Laurent. "Coase and the Economics of Crime." New Perspectives on Political Economy 1, no. 2 (2005): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.62374/6wp3xg22.
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'The problem of social cost' is a major piece of Coase’s legacy. It constitutes the foundation of the neo-institutionalism movement. This article tries to provide a solution to situations characterized by disputes on the use of resources. We propose a libertarian and Rothbardian re-examination. In the first section, the Coase theorem is the object of a personal appraisal. The second section stresses the common points between the Coasian approach and the classical school of the economics of crime. The third section examines approach the consequences of both of these theories for public policy.
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Al-Nadwi, Meraj Ahmad Meraj. "Neo-Classicism in Modern Arabic Poetry." HuRuf Journal : International Journal of Arabic Applied Linguistic 2, no. 2 (2022): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/huruf.v2i2.6012.
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<p><em>Modern neo-classical poetry constitutes a phase of literature that can be sharply separated from its immediate ancestry. Arab poets composed by imitative versifiers who very rarely employed it as a means of expressing fresh human experience. The bulk of late medieval Diwans (collections of verse) are replete with rhetorical devices and puns. Rather than addressing the major issues of life and society. Neo-classicism is the outcome of the revival of ancient learning through technological advancement. The purpose of the present study is to discuss the new school of thought named Neo- Classicism in modern Arabic Poetry. It also highlights its role of neo classicism to development of Modern Arabic poetry. </em></p><p dir="RTL">يشكل الشعر الكلاسيكي الحديث مرحلة من تطور الأدب يمكن فصله بشكل حاد عن أصله المباشر. من الندرة نجد الشعراء العرب يستخدمونه كوسيلة للتعبير عن تجربة إنسانية جديدة. الجزء الأكبر من الدواوين في أواخر العصور الوسطى (مجموعات من الشعر) مليئة بالأدوات البلاغية والتورية. بدلا من معالجة القضايا الرئيسية للحياة والمجتمع. الكلاسيكية الجديدة هي نتيجة إحياء التعلم القديم من خلال التقدم التكنولوجي. الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو مناقشة المدرسة الفكرية الجديدة المسماة الكلاسيكية الجديدة في الشعر العربي الحديث. كما يسلط الضوء على دورها الكلاسيكي الجديد في تطوير الشعر العربي الحديث. </p>
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Sharma, Arvind K. "Governance: The Concept and Its Dimensions." Indian Journal of Public Administration 64, no. 1 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556117735443.
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Governance, as the term came to be used since the 1980s and the 1990s under the influence of the neo-liberals, is about a minimalist state. It seeks a state rollback on the ground that state is inherently inefficient when compared with the markets. Apart from this, since then other versions have developed, which led one commentator to say that so numerous are the definitions of governance that it has become analytically an intractable construct. This article presents its subject matter in three sections. The first section focuses on the semantics; it underlines the need to distinguish between the conventional and the neo-liberal usages of the term governance. The second section, which forms the bulk of the present article, discusses the five strands that collectively form the complex whole we call governance. The third and the concluding section contrasts the positivism of the neoclassical economics and new institutional economics, from which the neo-liberal governance paradigm is shaped, with the normative orientation of the classical school of administrative thoughts that dominated the discipline of public administration during the first fifty years (the 1887–1937 period).
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Maryam, Sitti. "Historisitas Aliran Neo-Klasik Dalam Kesusastraan Arab." Al-Irfan : Journal of Arabic Literature and Islamic Studies 2, no. 1 (2019): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36835/al-irfan.v2i1.3388.
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Arabic literature has undergone such a long journey from the time of the beginning of the time of Jahili, the period of Islam, the period of Muawiyah service, Abasiah, the Ottoman dynasty, and the modern period until now. In each period of this development, Arabic literature experienced innovations that differentiated it from other periods. In the modern phase in particular, it turns out that Arabic literature has a variety of literary schools that have appeared alternately, both because of the motivation of criticism of the literary models that emerged before and because of refining other streams that emerged in the same period of time.
 The emergence of this neoclassical school was initially a reaction to Napoleon's arrival in Egypt in 1798, which marked the entry of French culture into the Arab world. This school also maintains strong Arabic poetry rules, for example the necessity to use wazan, qāfiyah, the number of words is very large, the uslūb is very strong, the themes still follow the previous period, such as madah, ritsa (lamentations), ghazal, fakhr, and the movement from one topic to another in one qasidah (ode) 
 Problems raised in this study include: 1. What is the history of Arabic literature? 2. What are the factors that arouse Arabic literature? 3. Who are the pioneers of the neoclassical school? The results in this study are: 1. The history of Arabic literature has experienced such a long journey from the period beginning at the time of Jahili, the period of Islam, the period of Muawiyah's service, Abasiah, the Ottoman dynasty, and the modern period until now. During the Abbasid period there was a period of emotion in Arabic literature, and suffered a setback during the Ottoman period until the beginning of this phase since the reign of Muhammad Ali in Egypt after colonialization Francis ended in 1801. 2. The factors include: Al-Madaris (School -school), Al-Mathba'ah (Printing), Ash-Shuhuf / Al-Jaro'id (Newspaper), and Tarjamah.3. One of the pioneers of the neoclassical school of Arabic poetry or commonly called al-Muhāfizun is Mahmud Sami al Barudi
 Keywords: arabic literary history, factors, flow, neo classical figure
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Anisa Sanas Nalamjra, Sasmi Ebigael Sinaga, Nur Aini Simbolon, and Bonaraja Purba. "Analisis Sejarah Ekonomi Terhadap Aliran Institusional." Moneter : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan 2, no. 1 (2023): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/moneter.v2i1.138.
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Institutional Economics is a school of thought in economics which contains the view that economic behavior, where a person or party is greatly influenced by certain institutions. In this case, institutions themselves have a fairly broad meaning and can be briefly defined as the "rules of the game" in a community group, both formal and informal, which are deliberately designed to limit or regulate relationships between people within that community group. Formal institutions can be in the form of rules, regulations, statutory law and others; while informal institutions can be conventions, trends, culture, and so on. Thus, institutions here are not the same as organizations. The Institutional School initially emerged as a refutation of the neo-classical economic view or school which states that a person's economic behavior is solely based on each individual's desire to maximize profits (maximizing profit behavior). The term "institutional economics" was first introduced by Walton Hamilton in 1919.
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Hengstmengel, Joost W. "THE REFORMATION OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT DUTCH CALVINIST ECONOMICS, 1880–1948." Philosophia Reformata 78, no. 2 (2013): 124–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117-90000548.
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The first decades of the twentieth century saw the emergence of Calvinist economics in the Netherlands. This clearly normative approach to economics was inspired by Abraham Kuyper and was criticized by mainstream economists from the outset. It would eventually disappear under pressure of positive economics, but survived until at least the middle of the century. Calvinist economics itself was highly critical of classical economics and, unlike the neo-classical school, strove after an entire reformation of economic thought. Calvinists writers like T. de Vries, P. A. Diepenhorst, J. A. Nederbragt and J. Ridder did not constitute a school of economic thought, but nevertheless shared some fundamental ideas such as the influence of world views on economics, the existence of divine ordinances for the economic domain, and the central place of man in God’s plan for the economy. In this article, I describe the rise, sources of inspiration, fundamentals, aim and methodology of Calvinist economics. Although the perspective of this article is historical, this episode from the history of economic thought may inform us about the relationship between Christianity and the science of economics as well as that between economics and the economic crisis.
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Biryukov, Vitaliy. "Search for a modern political-economic paradigm and updating the ideas of classical political economy." Theoretical economics, no. 12 (December 30, 2024): 22–32. https://doi.org/10.52957/2221-3260-2024-12-22-32.
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The article highlights issues related to rethinking the paradigmatic features of modern strategies for studying economics and developing a new paradigmatic vision of it. The author shows that common eclectic strategies for understanding the economy have developed within the framework of a general paradigm that was proposed by the German historical school and according to which economic entities are guided by private interests and they do not have common economic interests. The German school used a cognitive scheme: values - institutions - behavior - results.This scheme began to be used by heterodox economists, who also attracted the ideas of classical political economy, and its “truncated” versions were used by neoclassicists, neo-institutionalists and followed the Austrian school. As a result, mainstream theories are created on the basis of borrowing ideas from classical political economy, the historical school and heterodox political economy. Modern changes in political-economic thought contributed to the fact that heterodox economists formulated the Berlin Consensus, which purported to replace the Washington Consensus. The work emphasizes that in order to transition to a new cognitive paradigm, it is important to proceed, in accordance with the methodology of classical political economy, from the dual nature of economic entities as bearers of public and individual economic values and interests. On this basis, the need to recognize the state as the supreme subject of the economy, the purpose of which is to use power in the interests of the people, is justified. To describe the economic activities of the state, it is proposed to rely on a substance-activity approach to the analysis of economic, value and institutional changes occurring in the economy. The work shows the importance of using the ideas of classical political economy to study the role of public time as a unique measure of results and costs, a regulator of the interaction of subjects and the proportions of the economy. The proposed perspective focuses on the construction of fair and effective methods of regulating the economy, promoting the creation of adequate mechanisms for interaction between the real and financial sectors.
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Ebolloh, Emmanuel, Irene Sama-Lang, and Thomas Ojong. "Incorporation of Criminological Theories in the Cameroonian Criminal Justice System." International Journal of Law and Policy 8, no. 2 (2023): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijlp.2072.
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Purpose: The study examined the incorporation of criminological theories notably the Classical school, Neo- Classical School, Positive school as well as the Anomie School of thought in the Cameroon Criminal justice system.
 Methodology: Criminological theories focus in explaining the causes of crime identify the risk factors for committing crime and explaining how and why certain laws are created and implemented. The methodology adopted for purposes of this article is qualitative which is concerned with qualitative phenomenon and the chosen methods are doctrinal and empirical which involves a content analysis of existing literature, case law and observations.
 Findings: The study discovered that the perception of criminological theories as articulated in the Cameroon Criminal Procedure Code, Cameroon Penal Code and other pieces of legislations have not been fully understood and implemented and this constitutes a major problem. This article concludes that the major protagonists who animated debate during the seventeen and eighteen centuries wanted a total overhaul of the criminal justice system in order to improve the welfare of the society and so were inspired with humanitarianism that gave them the urge to question the arbitrariness, cruelty, goriness and inefficiency of the criminal justice system and prison across the globe.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommended that understanding why a person commits a crime and why individuals behave in certain ways, would help policy makers to develop a better and efficient ways of fully incorporating these criminological theories in the Cameroon Criminal justice system that will shape the ways to control crime and rehabilitate the criminal.
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Coleridge, Edward. "How to make an entrance: Piranesi comes to Ballarat." Before/Now: Journal of the collaborative Research Centre in Australian History (CRCAH) 1, no. 1 (2019): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35843/beforenow.173284.
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"The inside front cover of this publication carries an image of CRCAH's front door, the main gateway to the former Ballarat Gaol. It is a magnificent example of nineteenth century masonry work. The massive bluestone blocks were carved and chiselled into a grand classical edifice, making a fitting southern finale in scale and significance to the great range of buildings on either side of Lydiard Street. The remarkable architectural statement of a confident gold rich city runs from the ostentatious neo-classical railway station at the northern end past the Art Gallery, the Mining Exchange, the palatial former Post Office (now housing the studios of the university Arts Academy) and on along the facades of banks, hotels, theatres and churches, in a melody of styles from palladian to gothic (with some 20th century intrusions) down to the suitably 'redbrick' buildings of the Ballarat School of Mines. Here the road swings round to the west so the range of prison buildings bookend the whole composition with a dramatic solemn coda " -From forum article
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Konstantinova, Ekaterina A. "Zeng Gofan’s Contribution in Literary and Philosophical School of Tongcheng." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 9 (2021): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-9-209-218.
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Zeng Gofan had made a great contribution to the Tongcheng School, had found the points of convergence with western concepts and formed his own philosophical system applying ideas of Confucianism, Taosism and Buddism. Along with the ethic, textual criticism and studying literature, as an innovator, Zeng Gofan had also identified the forth area in the philosophy of science – the theory of government management. He suggested that the dispute between Han and Song Confucianism will be depleted, if it is recognized that they are complementary. Neo-Confucianism and the thought of Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming dynasties, that Zeng Gofan viewed through the lens of his own experience, had made a great contribution in forming his philosophical system. The participation of Zeng Gofan in the policy of “self-stengthening” influenced the definition of the Tongcheng school’s place in the historic process. His firm position on his country’s development path, on multiplying its capital, on the strengthening of logistics base and improvement of education, had become a strong base for forming Tongcheng School’s thoughts. Departing from classical assumptions Zen Gofan’s adherents continued the transition of Tongcheng’s School adding new ideas and anchored the Literary and Philosophical school in the history of the country.
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Devy C Yudihutomo. "Institutional Approach in Economics and Institutional Economic Thinking." Demagogi: Journal of Social Sciences, Economics and Education 2, no. 2 (2024): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.61166/demagogi.v2i2.19.
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Aspects of economic methodology contained in Institutional economics are often incorporated into orthodox economics. Orthodox economics means economic thoughts that use and continue classical economic views, such as free competition, perfect competition, consumer satisfaction. The person who was most influential and had a dominant role in the existence of the Institutional school was Thorstein Bunde Veblen. He criticized Classical and Neo-classical economic theories which ignored non-economic aspects such as institutions and the environment. In fact, Veblen considered that the influence of circumstances and the environment was very large on people's economic behavior. Unsupportive political and social structures can cause distortions in economic processes. For Veblen, society is an evolutionary phenomenon, everything is constantly changing. A person's behavioral patterns in society are adapted to current social conditions. If the behavior is suitable and accepted, then the behavior will continue. On the other hand, if a behavior is deemed unsuitable, the behavior will be adapted to the environment. These circumstances and environments are what Veblen called "institutions". In this case, it is explained that what Veblen means by institutions are things related to norms, values, habits and culture. Furthermore, everything is reflected in economic activities, both in production and consumption.
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Chung, Il Hwan. "Comparison of American and Third World Students` Preferences for Conventional and Alternative Development Ideas." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 7 (December 31, 1992): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps07006.
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The issue of development has been widely discussed during the last four decades on social science. For over four decades the subject has been debated and examined from different perspectives. Theoretical perspectives on development have changed in response to the changing historical reality of the development process and of relations between developing and developed countries (Lehmann, 1979; Ardent, Evans and Stephens, 1988). In the 1950s and 1960s, the decades hall-marked by an intense interest in development themes, the classical development model was popular in the world and most countries adopted this strategy to achieve their economic development. In the 1980s, skepticism towards development theories such as modernization and human capital theories produced other development positions, e.g., the dependency school, world system approach, Neo-Marxism and so on.
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Vargas-Hernández, José G., Joanna Rakowska, and Omar C. Vargas-González. "Green Economic Development as the Framework for Green Finance and Green Investment." Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne 15, no. 3 (2022): 304–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ers-2022-0021.
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Abstract Subject and purpose of work: This study aims to analyse the main elements of the green economic development as a framework for green finance and green investment. The analysis spurs from the underlying notion that green economics is inherently a normative framework and a school of thought development of the neo-classical economic thinking with conceptual assumptions, deficiencies, and contradictions, beginning to set out the roots, aims and philosophical principles. Materials and methods: The methods used are the analytical and descriptive ones based on the critical literature review and an experiential reflective attitude on the key issues concerning the variables of green economic development, green finance, and green investment. Conclusions: It is concluded that the implementation of green economy activities have many obstacles to face. The inadequate funding and the institutional support in collaborations and coordination practices are the most crucial.
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Gunawan, Teng Junaidi. "Ius Constituendum Criminal Law Sanction System with Double Track System Principle in the National RKUHP." SASI 28, no. 4 (2022): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v28i4.1038.
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Introduction: As the ius constituendum of criminal law, the RKUHP introduces the concept of a double track system in its criminal system. The purpose of this double track system concept is to regulate 2 (two) types of sanctions, namely penal sanction (straf/punishment) and treatment sanction (maatregel/treatment).Purposes of the Research: First, the ratio legis criminal law sanctions system with the principle of a double track system and factual policies in the National RKUHP. Second, the ideal model of the criminal law sanction system has the principle of a double track system in the National RKUHP.Methods of the Research: The research method used in this research is normative legal research. Conduct a study of the Criminal Code and the National RKUHP as well as an analysis of the theory of punishment, especially on penal sanction and treatment sanction.Results of the Research: The results of this study reveal that philosophically the emergence of the double track system concept is influenced by the development of the flow in criminal law, namely from the classical to the modern school, and the neo-classical school. Then the sentencing policy in the National RKUHP is not yet fully based on the principle of a double track system. So that we need an appropriate conception and in accordance with the basic idea of the actual double track system concept, one of which is by integrating additional forms of penal sanction into treatment sanction.
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Harris, Ron. "The Encounters of Economic History and Legal History." Law and History Review 21, no. 2 (2003): 297–346. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3595094.
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After the rise to dominance of the neo-classical school in economics in the 1920s and 1930s, legal historians manifested very little interest in economic theory. After the cliometric revolution of the early 1960s, most legal historians expressed declining interest in economic historians. After the rise of Critical Legal History and cultural legal history in the late 1970s and early 1980s, many legal historians showed diminishing interest in the economy. This trend was augmented by the expansion of law and economics as a leading jurisprudence and methodology within the law schools. Most legal historians viewed themselves as part of a camp in the law schools, whether of the humanities oriented scholars, of post modernists, or of critical scholars, who were antagonists of the law and economics camp. These legal historians often identified all economists with law and economics and further disassociated themselves from economic historians. Ironically, the less legal historians consider economic history, economic theory, and the economy itself as relevant to their purposes, the more economic historians are discovering the relevancy of the law and of legal history to theirs. This article suggests to legal historians that the time is ripe to revisit economic history and theory and to reconsider their long-established indifference toward them.
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RADIONOV, Yurii. "INSTITUTIONAL THEORY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICS." Economy of Ukraine 2021, no. 4 (2021): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2021.04.030.
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Theoretical bases of establishment and development of institutional theory as a new direction of economic science are analyzed. The preconditions for the emergence of institutionalism are studied, the fundamental differences between the new economic trend and classical economic theory are considered. The weakness of economic theories on the role and importance of the state in economic development is noted, the need to synthesize the strengths of institutionalism with neoclassicism to link the social attitudes and interests of individuals is emphasized. The stages of development of institutional theory, different approaches of institutional scientists, the emergence of a new, modern direction – neo-institutionalism – are studied. Differences in the interpretation of the term “institution” between traditional institutionalists and neo-institutionalists are outlined, which indicates a different methodology of its perception. It is emphasized that the doctrine of the depth of nature of institutions and its interpretation divided institutionalism into old and new. If the old questioned the individualistic worldview inherent in the neoclassical paradigm, then the new institutionalists do not deny the individualistic approach. Economic institutions that operate within the social environment are the frameworks or constraints that govern the behavior of society in economic conditions. Emphasis is placed on the prospects for further development of institutional theory, which allows the emergence and development of other theories, social sciences, reveals hitherto unexplored or little-studied phenomena and processes. In modern conditions, the economic difficulties faced by the world economy convincingly confirm the relevance of institutional theory, and the construction of an efficient economy is not limited to an approach based solely on the methodology of the classical school of economic theory. The contradictions posed by modern globalization are becoming a large-scale source of social, political, economic and even military challenges for less developed countries in relation to the more prosperous ones, and international institutionalization is the mechanism designed to alleviate instability.
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Nemushungwa, Azwifaneli. "An Empirical Retrospect of the Causal Effect of Government Education Spending on Growth in a Neoclassical Growth Model." International Journal of Business & Management Studies 04, no. 08 (2023): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.56734/ijbms.v4n8a3.
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There has been consensus on the notion that education results in economic prosperity and growth in many countries. This has resulted in a strong focus on education policy, with large investments and a lot of public debates concerning the subject. Various schools of thought have made differing suggestions about how government spending impacts economic growth over the years. The Keynesian view is that there is a positive relationship between government spending and economic growth, where the causal effect runs from government spending to economic growth. Conversely, the Neo-classical school asserts that the relationship between the two variables is negative. The topic, therefore, remains a debatable issue. The present study, therefore, tests the causal effect of education expenditure on economic growth in South Africa for the period 1994 to 2021, with the aid of the autoregressive distributed lag approach. Consistent with Keynesian theory, the study results confirm the positive impact of government spending on economic growth. A Granger causal relationship exists between government education expenditure and economic growth, indicating that over time, education expenditure positively impacts economic growth through human capital. This implies that investing (spending) in education is critical in promoting economic growth, especially in the long term.
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P.E., Omeonu, Babalola D.A., and Nwankwo I.V. "Can Public Health Expenditure Influence National Productivity in an Agrarian Economy? Evidence from Nigeria." African Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development 6, no. 1 (2023): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajesd-viwm7ekl.
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Despite the nation’s wealth in natural and human resources, productivity measure in Nigeria has not been satisfactory. Several factors have been alluded to be responsible for this. This paper investigated the impact of public health expenditure (with gross capital formation and secondary school enrolment as control variables) on national productivity (real GDP divided by working population as proxy) in Nigeria between 2000 and 2020. The theoretical foundation was based on Solow Neo-classical and Romer Endogenous growth models. The unit root test showed that variables were stationary at level. The descriptive result shows significant fluctuations in government domestic expenditure on health with an average of 18% of total health expenditure. Regression results showed a significant and positive relationship between healthcare service expenditures and productivity in Nigeria. The study recommended that Nigerian health policies should focus on developing the domestic health sector by increasing yearly budgetary allocation to the sector.
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Halilović, Seid. "A classification of contemporary cognitive currents in the Islamic world with specific critical reference to neo-mu'tazilism." Kom : casopis za religijske nauke 9, no. 2 (2020): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/kom2002001h.
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One of the recent currents of thought in the contemporary Islamic world, which is becoming increasingly dominant, is developing on the margins of social and cognitive credibility of modern rationality. The basic methodological orientation that characterizes this cognitive current could reaffirm the historical memory of mu'tazilism, a classical theological school in Islam known for the fact that its representatives strongly promoted the primary importance of rational thinking. It does not matter whether we will accept to call these new Muslim thinkers NEO-mu'tazilites because of that - what will be much more important is to clearly determine their cognitive position in the overall classification of cognitive currents in the contemporary Islamic world. In fact, today we recognize four general currents of Muslim thought: (1) continuity of historical intellectual heritage, (2) mechanical promotion of modern knowledge, (3) critique of modernism from the perspective of Islamic intellectual tradition, (4) reconstruction of Islamic historical heritage from the perspective of exclusive credibility of modern knowledge. In this general cognitive classification in the contemporary conditions of the Islamic world, it will be crucial to distinguish two groups within the last current of thought, namely: (1) early Muslim reformers who were not experts in internal structures and hidden philosophical principles of modern science, (2) newer thinkers who are in no way connected with the historical heritage of Islamic classical knowledge, but under the cloak of popular religious terms reduce the key elements of the Islamic doctrinal and ontological stage in favour of the exclusive authority of the logical structures of modern rationality. These latter thinkers, who usually declare themselves as NEO-mu'tazilites, by essential reconstruction of the cultural and civilizational being of Islam, in fact discredit the social position of contemporary representatives of the classical Islamic intellectual heritage, who in the last few decades have renewed the internal sources of Islamic civilizational power in conditions of general reaffirmation of religious values. In this context, we will understand better the recent changes in the balance of global power and the models by which the modern West is reorganizing comprehensive capacities of its political, media and even academic authorities in order to consolidate in the long run new intellectual and educational structures in the contemporary Islamic world on the margins of modern rationality.
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Boylan, Thomas A., and Pascal F. O’Gorman. "The Falsifiability of the Neoclassical Maximization Hypothesis: Some Methodological Considerations." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 2, no. 2 (1987): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x8700200204.
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In recent years the methodological status of the neoclassical maximisation hypothesis has been subjected to criticism from a number of different sources. These have included criticisms from the Austrian subjectivist school based on the work of Hayek and Shackle along with empirical criticisms emanating from the work of Simon and Leibenstein. These criticisms have evoked a response, and one of the most significant contributors has been the work of Lawrence Boland, particularly his 1981 contribution ‘On the Futility of Criticising the Neoclassical Maximization Hypothesis’. We will, in this paper, criticize Boland’s methodological defence of the neoclassical maximization hypothesis. Firstly, we will argue that his treatment of this hypothesis as an ‘All-and-some’ statement does not withstand critical scrutiny. Secondly, we will reject Mongin’s (1986) argument that the neo-classical maximization hypothesis as an ‘All-and-some’ statement is in fact falsifiable. Thirdly, we will argue that Boland’s defence of a metaphysical core is unconvincing view from the wider perspective of the philosophy of science.
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Paul Umo, Usen. "Contemporary Theories of Motivational Budgeting." International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies 5, no. 2 (2025): 2315–26. https://doi.org/10.62225/2583049x.2025.5.2.4180.
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This research work is necessitated by the unconcerned attitude of managers towards innovative management strategies, budgetary science, management theories and employees’ motivation in business organization. A lot have been done, but much is yet to be done especially in the human side of the enterprise. The falling standard of work motivation has raised tremendous concern. In many economies (like Nigeria and other developing West Africa), employees do not consider and accept the budget as theirs. From available researches and submissions, employees said that the budget belongs to the management. Many organizations do not achieve their budget goals in recent times. Contemporary theories of motivational budgeting offer new insights into gaining employees’ motivation vis-à-vis employees’ satisfaction, maximum performance and goal oriented behaviours required in modern business world. These theories constitute the limelight for innovative management strategies relative to budgetary theories and practices in organizational settings. Contemporary theories of motivational budgeting are based on the tenets of scientific management school that flourished in the early part of the twentieth century, the views of the neo-classical era (modern school of thought) that emerged from 1948 after World War II and the research pack of Usen Paul Umo in the first quarter of the twenty-first (21st) Century.
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botica, aurelian. "THE MISSING MORAL DIMENSION OF PROCESS THEOLOGY." semănătorul (The Sower) 5, no. 2 (2025): 7–24. https://doi.org/10.58892/ts.swr5210.
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Process Theology is the school of thought that emphasizes the notions of change, transition, temporality and, in general, the developmental process of all reality. This current of thought has been typically traced to the philosophy of Hegel (1770-1831), and it reached its mature formulation with Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947) and Charles Hartshorne (1897-2000). Perhaps the most important and equally controversial tenet of Process Theology is the idea that God willingly becomes subject to the limits of time and change. In other words, God and the world may be said to undergo the same process of change. According to classical theism, God is a transcendent and perfect being who acts sovereignly over the world. According to Process Theology, or “neo-classical theism,” God is no less nor more transcendent than the universe, and he wills himself to act coercively, not omnipotently, over the world. In the following paper we will examine the claims of Process Theology with respect the notion of “divine suffering,” “morality,” “sin” and “redemption.” We will ask whether this notions, as formulated by Process Theology, can be defended on philosophical and theological grounds. We will interact critically and constructively with the work of Lewis Ford to show that one can affirm the notion that a being such as God can remain transcendent, omniscient and omnipotent while experiencing “suffering” and redeeming evil in a proper way.
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Sholahudin, Umar. "MEMBEDAH TEORI KRITIS MAZHAB FRANKFURT : SEJARAH, ASUMSI, DAN KONTRIBUSINYA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN TEORI ILMU SOSIAL." Journal of Urban Sociology 3, no. 2 (2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/jus.v3i2.1246.
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This article aims to examine the critical theory of the Fraknfurt school, especially those related to its history, concepts, assumptions, and contributions. Historically-geneologically, critical theory was born from the womb of Marxist theory. Although born from the womb of Marxist theory, critical theory is not too satisfied with the analysis of the Marxians who are considered too mechanistic economic determinism in seeing the social reality of Western capitalist society. According to critical theory, the Marxian analysis in viewing and analyzing the inequality of the reality of capitalist society in Europe is too reductionist, that is, it is the economic factor (structure) that determines socio-economic inequality or class conflict in a capitalist society. The critical theory developed by the people who call themselves Neo-Maxians, exists to further develop the classical Marxian analysis, which rests not only on economic factors, but also on other socio-economic factors. The Frankfurt school of critical social theory thought services pioneered by Horkheimer, however, has provided a relatively new (though not very new) theoretical perspective in seeing, understanding and analyzing social reality. This critical social theory perspective has contributed significantly to the development of social theory. One of them is that critical theory has contributed to the development of critical and emancipatory awareness of human practice in seeing social realities that are full of inequality and injustice.Keyword : Critical Theory, Frankfurt School, History, Development of Social Theory
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Nurfatlah, Titin, Amiruddin Amiruddin, and Ufran Ufran. "The Shift Paradigm of the Death Penalty in the Draft Criminal Code." Unram Law Review 4, no. 1 (2020): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/ulrev.v4i1.111.
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This study aims to determine the concept of the death penalty in the future Indonesian criminal law. The method used is a normative research method. The approaches in this research are the statute approach, conceptual approach, historical approach, and comparative approach. The conclusion based on the results of the research, the death penalty in the Draft of the Penal Code is no longer a primary punishment but has separate rules. The provisions of the death penalty in the Draft Penal Code is particular and as an alternative punishment. The purpose of this death penalty provision includes giving broader consideration for judges in giving decisions as not arbitrary towards the convicted; give more attention to the objectives of the punishment. Additionally, the provision advocates the death penalty as a last resort in protecting the community, as the judges shall look for other punishment as an alternative to the death penalty. The Draft of the Criminal Code bases on Neo-Classical school of thought, which maintains a balance between objective factors (actions/outward) and subjective factors (people/ inner/inner attitudes).
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SIRKO, A.V. "Principles of economics and contemporary debate around them." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №11(246)2021 122 (January 27, 2022): 15–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5909624.
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Relevance of the topic researched. Economic theory as a social institution seeks to understand the nature and systemic and holistic nature of phenomena and processes of economic life, explain patterns and trends of change, and guide development. The market economy is a complex and dynamic system of relationships, interplay of interests, conceptually understood by the classical school of economists–theorists. However, economic conditions are changing, and economic theory is becoming not only richer but also more contradictory with regard to ideas and analytical tools. The purpose of this research. The author of the article sought to present his own understanding of the essence and meaning of the key principles of economic theory, to clarify the essence and reasons of the current debate on their reality. Methodology. His research is based on the application of the principles of scientific abstraction, historical–economic and empirical analysis, comparison and generalization. Results. The basic principles of the theory of market economy, developed by the classical school and developed by the marginalists, supplemented by Keynesians and institutionalists, are highlighted and described. Critical approaches to the key principles of economic mainstream were analyzed in the literature, focusing on so–called market failures, information asymmetry, human rationality, neo– liberal ideology of market reforms. Conclusions. The author argues that it is not correct to accuse the market of functions that are not in the market; information asymmetry in the market is a natural phenomenon and market forces are adapted to it; modern behavioral experiments do not refute the concept of rational choice of the individual, but rather focus more on human psychology; theoreticians are influenced by their professionalism and ideological bias. Practical meaning. The obtained results have theoretical–cognitive and educational significance.
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TARASENKO, А., N. HRYNCHAK, and V. PARKHOMENKO. "Evolution of Perceptions about the Essence of Capital as a Scientific Category and a Factor of the Socio-Economic Development." Scientific Bulletin of the National Academy of Statistics, Accounting and Audit, no. 3 (November 1, 2019): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/nasoa.3.2019.09.
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The article’s objective is to investigate the logic of evolution in the essence and forms of capital under the impact of the changing sources and factors of socio-economic development and social wealth. 
 The visions of capital prevailing from the middle of the eighteenth till the middle of the nineteenth century are analyzed, to demonstrate that although the classical tradition did not deny the impact of out-of-economic factors on the economy as a whole and the human behavior in particular, the analysis focused on the purely economic factors of growth and distribution of the social wealth.
 The paradigm of the classical school was changed in the end of nineteenth century by the emerging institutional theory: factor theories of economic growth were replaced by substantiations of multidimensional sources of socio-economic development. The twentieth century was marked by the two achievements: (i) the understanding that the social wealth could not be confined to the material wealth; (ii) a new vision of a mix of factors behind the socio-economic development: natural, technical and technological, and institutional, with research focus gradually shifting from material factors to information and institutional ones. 
 The following significant move in the vision of capital was the line drawn between the notions of “economic growth” and “economic development”: emphasis on economic growth as the fundament of development made the economic theory inapplicable in studies of broader development perspectives. 
 A new phase in the economics started in 70s of the twentieth century, with rise of the neo-institutional theory assuming that the material welfare of a nation could not be gained by means of traditional production factors and capital accumulation without a highly developed institutional structure of the society. 
 The philosophical and economic rediscovery of capital was made by the neo-classical school: by treating capital as a way of value utilization rather than a tangible form, it denied a criterion of capital commonly adopted in the political economy of earlier times, i. e. its alienability, together with the materialistic approach to interpretation of capital. The set of capital parameters was expanded by including in it skills and qualifications (human capital), social relations and networks (social capital), political and economic institutes (institutional capital), and, eventually, intellectual objects of intangible nature. It shows that the forms of capital were transforming from tangible (material) to human and intellectual (intangible) ones. This phase is marked by rise of the theory of human capital, reflecting the cardinal change in the role of the human factor and its impact on science and technology development, production processes and labor productivity. The notion of “social capital” was introduced in economics by abandoning out-dated visions of capital as a purely materialistic phenomenon associated with the material production processes and adopting to broader concept related with social development, with emphasis changing from links of humans and wealth to relations between humans in a broader humanistic sense.
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VDOVYCHENKO, Heorhii. "KYIV PHILOSOPHICAL SCHOOL AND THE DESTRUCTION OF MARXISM-LENINISM AT T. G. SHEVCHENKO KYIV STATE UNIVERSITY (SECOND HALF OF THE 1960S – 1970S)." Sophia. Human and Religious Studies Bulletin 23, no. 1 (2024): 73–81. https://doi.org/10.17721/sophia.2024.23.15.
Full textAbstract:
B a c k g r o u n d . Kyiv philosophical school of the second half of the 20th century was presented, first of all, by its creators in the 1960s, namely graduates of the Faculty of Philosophy of the said university and employees of the Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, headed by its director in 1962–1968, Academician of this Academy of Sciences P. Kopnin. It was under his leadership this school began and made a major contribution to the professional but censored revaluation and destruction of Marxism-Leninism in the Ukrainian SSR. Throughout the 1940s – 1980s, namely since the end of Stalinism to the end of Gorbachev's "perestroika" and the collapse of the USSR, three generations of the creators of this school critically rethought and destructured the Stalinist and other official paradigms of Marxism-Leninism. This problem in their scholarly works and courses of lectures on philosophical subjects was solved mainly by P. Kopnin's students and apologists, his colleagues at the institute and academicians of the said Academy S. Krymskyi, M. Popovych and M. Honcharenko, as well as their colleagues and students, for example A. Yermolenko, Y. Bystrycky, A. Loy, V. Malakhov and S. Proleiev. The purpose of our article is to assess the contribution of the Kyiv philosophical school, namely graduates and professors of the Faculty of Philosophy of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv State University to the destruction of Marxist-Leninist philosophy both in the said university and in philosophical education, science and culture of the Ukrainian SSR since the second half of the 1960s till the end of the 1970s. M e t h o d s . To study this problem, classical and modern methods of both philosophical and historical and philosophical analysis and other humanities were used. In addition to such principles of scientific knowledge as historicism, objectivity and consistency, the author also used historical and logical general methods. Together with the method of biographical analysis of the figures of the said school and the method of sociocultural analysis of the educational, scientific and socio-political processes in the second half of the 20th century in the Ukrainian SSR and the world, methods of comparative historical and structural and functional analysis of the Ukrainian philosophical progress of that time were also used. R e s u l t s . Four main conditional stages of the process of destruction and crisis of the official paradigms of Marxism-Leninism in the Ukrainian SSR, carried out by the creators of the Kyiv philosophical school of the second half of the 20th century, are classified in our preliminary study of this topic in (Vdovychenko, 2023). In that article we systematically examined the first two of these stages for the first time: 1) the initial stage or origins of the critical revision of Stalin's version of Marxism-Leninism (late 1940s – 1950s); 2) the second stage or emergence of a systematic censored critical reassessment of this version and its official successors in the USSR from the Khrushchev "thaw" to the beginning of the "stagnation" (late 1950s – mid 1960s). This article begins the study of the two final stages of this process, namely the third one or the period of public criticism and destruction of a number of official versions of Marxism-Leninism by the sixties philosophers of the Ukrainian SSR (mid-1960s – mid-1980s). It was established that this period was the time of active involvement and, in fact, real integration of philosophical education, science and culture of the Ukrainian SSR into the European and world Postmodern philosophical process, thanks mainly to P. Kopnin and the entire Kyiv philosophical circle. C o n c l u s i o n s . On the basis of rare publications by the participants of the events and the newest projects from the Ukrainian oral history of philosophy, the contribution of the three first generations of the Kyiv philosophical school of the second half of the 20th century to the neo- Marxist and already post-Marxist destruction of Marxism-Leninism during the era of "stagnation" has been systematically revealed for the first time. It was established, that the participation of P. Kopnin and a number of his colleagues from the Ukrainian SSR both in the World Philosophical Congresses since the late 1950s till the mid-1970s, primarily from the XII one in Venice (1958) to the XV in Varna (1973), as well as in many others international forums of these decades, led to serious ideological shifts in Ukrainian philosophy. This Europeanization of it led to a fruitful considering and elaboration by the Kyiv philosophical circle of that time ideas of neo-Marxist revisionism in the context of studies on German classical philosophy and modern European philosophy under the influence of the contemporary "linguistic turn" and "existential neo-Hegelianism". Relying on the neo-Marxist reassessment of Stalinism, the creators of the mentioned school, professors of the Faculty of Philosophy of T. G. Shevchenko Kyiv State University, first of all P. Kopnin and V. Shynkaruk, as it deans, introduced the newest standards of really Europeanized learning of a wide range of philosophical disciplines, in particular the history of foreign Modern and Postmodern philosophy.
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Kim, Haeng-Bum. "Public Choice School’s Response to Austrian Business Cycle Theory: ABCT versus PBCT." Korea Public Choice Association 2, no. 1 (2023): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.55795/jpc.2023.2.1.149.
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Since Mises’ advocacy and Hayek’s refinement, ABCT(Austrian Business Cycle Theory) has been well formulated and showed valid explanation on actual economic business cycles as well. This article reveals how Public Choice responded to ABCT and how they developed its own ideas on business cycle. Gordon Tullock criticized Rothbardian sense of ABCT, followed by severe response from Sallerno. Some essential points on this argument were extracted to compare the basic difference of Tullock and Rothbard. ABCT activates business cycle when gov’t(central bank) ‘artificially’ lower the interest rate. Public Choice theorists focus on ‘why’ they do that. For ABCT, whether or not they have good intention is not important. PBCT, however, more emphasize that was done for the selfish political interests that politicians or bureaucrats have in political context. Austrians suggested new meaning to ‘bust’ phase of economic cycle, which under neo-classcical economics school long have been ignored as ‘bad’ event. ABCT assumes two key concepts; heterogeneity of capital, and mal-investment. PBCT is unfamiliar to those. So PBCT frequently does not identify the difference between over-investment and mal-investment, and assumes homogeneity of capital. It’s because Public Choice stands on neo-classical economics, not Austrian sense of economics. Then, four political business cycle theory(PBCT) models were reviewed: Opportunistic, Partisan, Rational Opportunistic, and Rational Partisan model. Austrians focusing on market process met Public Choice Theorists focusing political market met on the theme of business cycle. ABCT shows how ‘visible hand’ gives impact on market economy, and PBCT shows what impact business cycle has to political market. Each mutually gives sound tension, plus contributes to complementary explanation on overall business cycle.
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Chocano, Rodrigo. "Outsourcing the nation? Musical collaboration, nation building and neo-liberal logics in Coke Studio Pakistan." Indian Theatre Journal 6, no. 1 (2022): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/itj_00028_1.
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Coke Studio Pakistan is a decade-long music reality show featuring collaborations between pop, classical and local folk musicians. Sponsored by Coca-Cola and displaying a state-of-the-art production, it aims to bring local and old-school musicians and repertories to the Pakistani urban youth while disseminating a positive image of Pakistan. This occurs in the context of the efforts of Pakistani entrepreneurs and artists towards their insertion into the global market while overcoming the country’s negative international reputation due to religious violence. This article analyses Coke Studio Pakistan under the lens of neo-liberal nationalism, characterizing it as a nation-branding effort that uses music to make a representation of Pakistan that complies with Coca-Cola’s corporate goals and with the agendas of a sector of Pakistani artists. A quantitative and network analysis of the show reveals which artists, genres, regions and cultural groups the show privileges or overlooks. A qualitative study of the show’s communicational strategy and of the discourses of its creators and sponsors complements the quantitative analysis. This article explores the complexities of a nationalist model of multicultural citizenship promoted by the private sector, including issues of cultural representation, corporate agendas, class relationships, responsiveness to audiences’ demands and international politics.
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Salakhova, Albina O. "Mythopoetics in the novels of Sasha Sokolov: From the ontological myth of A School for Fools to the deconstruction of the myth of Palisandria." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philology. Journalism 24, no. 3 (2024): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1817-7115-2024-24-3-333-339.
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The article examines mythopoetics in Sasha Sokolov’s novels A School for Fools and Palisandria. In the 20th century authors widely turn to neo-mythologism in its various manifestations – from the myth-making of prose writers and poets of the beginning of the century to the nationalfolklore type of mythologism in the prose of the era of stagnation. In Sokolov’s novels, the first branch of the development of mythopoetics continues in the form of modernist myth in A School for Fools and postmodern deconstruction of myth in Palisandria. The article shows that Sokolov’s first and last novels have contrasting forms of mythology. In A School for Fools, via a cyclic chronotope, the author models the ontological myth of eternal return, in which the main mythologems are metamorphoses and the author’s mythologem of the Sender of the Wind. In this myth, the creator is the main character of the novel. In Palisandria the opposite process is observed – the dispelling of the myth of eternal return and the formation of the myth of “timelessness” through numerous simulacra-incarnations of the main character. The author of the article talks about the change in the principles of mythologization from the first to the third novel – from the ontological myth of A School for Fools Sokolov comes to the deconstruction of myth and postmodern negation in Palisandria. Sokolov’s novels are deeply mythopoetic. In his work, Sokolov repeatedly turns to mythological images and allusions from classical myths, as well as literary archetypes. Based on all of the above, it can be argued that neomythologism is one of the main principles of Sokolov’s oeuvre. Using the example of Sasha Sokolov’s texts, the article shows one of the ways of transforming neomythologism from modernism to postmodernism.
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Zakharchenko, Volodymyr. "Political economic analysis of prerequisites for creation effective corporate structures." Ekonomìčna teorìâ 2024, no. 1 (2024): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/etet2024.01.005.
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The article provides political economic analysis of advantages and disadvantages of corporate structures of various types (joint stock companies, trusts, corporations, etc.). Based on their balance, we will try to identify the prerequisites for creating effective corporate structures in the past and now. To this end, economic theories of the development of the corporate sector of economics are considered in the works of representatives of mercantilism, classical political economy, historical school, Marxism, social democracy, neoclassicism, neoliberalism, institutionalism, evolutionary development, Keynesianism, neo-institutionalism, monetarism and transformation of capitalism. The following advantages of corporate structures are singled out and analyzed: concentration and centralization of capital, strong competitive positions, high market value of assets, high profitability, innovatization of economic activity, separation of management from property and limited responsibility of investors, democratization of capital, development of social (including international) division of labor and vertical integration of production, orientation to integration of production and creation of "islands of socialism," social responsibility. The main disadvantages of corporate structures include: contradictions between the owners of capital and between them and employees, increased property differentiation of citizens and the growth of a dormant class, closeness and family-clan character, influence on politicians, monopolization of markets, orientation to economic colonization of other countries, financialization of the economy, significant costs for the technostructure and inefficiency of its control, large transaction costs and neglect of small benefits, tax problems transactions. A superposition of advantages and disadvantages of corporate structures is carried out. It is noted that they have more advantages than disadvantages. It is emphasized that the most critical attitude towards corporate structures is noted among representatives of classical political economy (in particular, A. Smith), Marxism and the historical school. It is concluded that in modern conditions corporate structures are the most important organizational form of business and at the same time the basis of the economy of most countries, including Ukraine. In this regard, it is noted that it is necessary to take a maximum advantage of corporate structures and avoid their shortcomings.