Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Néo-institutionnalisme'
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Affodegon, Seyive Wilfried. "La performance des institutions parlementaires : analyse quali – quantitative comparée de dix-sept ombudsmans." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67370.
Full textParliamentary officers, such as ombudsmen, sprang out and developed in the 1960s with the emergence of the welfare state. Their evolution followed the general movement towards the reform of public services. Faced with a democratic deficit, there is a resurgence of those state overseers to ensure the supremacy of democracy. For its survival, democracy needs parliamentary institutions that perform well. In fact, democracy can only prevail with efficient parliamentary institutions. Drawing on the example of these Parliamentary officers, this thesis conceptualises and clarifies the necessary conditions for the performance of the ombudsman in any advanced liberal democratic country. Based on neo-institutionalism theory in organization, the thesis assesses the literature which affirms that it is a set of factors such as independence, impartiality, credibility and accessibility that justify the efficiency of ombudsmen. Relying on qualitative comparative analysis based on fuzzy sets theories of seventeen parliamentary ombudsmen from liberal democracies such as Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States, Scotland, South Africa and Sweden, this thesis redefines their efficiency on a single metric. The research demonstrates that there is neither an absolutely efficient ombudsman, nor a completely inefficient one. From a neo-institutional perspective, the research demonstrates that ombudsmen are not completely independent, impartial, credible or accessible. Ultimately, this thesis breaks new ground by showing that accessibility is a necessary condition but not sufficient for an ombudsman to be more efficient.
Chikh, Djamel. "Le régime linguistique algérien à travers l`étude du militantisme pour la langue amazighe : un contexte de sens entre imaginaire et pratiques." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37351.
Full textDjabi, Anissa. "L'institutionnalisation d'une question sociétale en défis managériaux : le cas du Label Diversité dans le champ de la non-discrimination au travail." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0045.
Full textWith the breakthrough of the Anglo-saxon approach to manage a diverse workforce in this globalize world – best known as “Diversity management” in the USA – non-discrimination within the workplace became a major social issue and a growing concern for French companies in the early 2000s. So as to face the need to better understand the societal and managerial peculiarities of this phenomenon within the French context, this thesis explores the process of translating the issue of non-discrimination at work in managerial practices within companies. To understand and illustrate this process, this thesis provides an analysis of mixed data and an original case study: the French Diversity Label. To collect data and get access to the field, it was chosen to be immersed in a network of companies (FACE) with a 3-year research contract (CIFRE) and to complete immersion with a survey that implied two categories of participants: the designers of the Diversity Label and labelled companies. An integrative analysis grid combining neo-institutionalist theories and scientific literature on management instrumentation is also used. These methodological and theoretical choices allow us to meet the objective of this doctoral work at four levels. Considering non-discrimination at work as an organizational field, this thesis promotes a better understanding of the contextual characteristics regarding the issue of non-discrimination at work in France. In the light of theories of institutional change, it also offers a better understanding of the process by which the diversity approach enabled companies to consider and focus on the discrimination issue in their organisational practices. This thesis provides also an understanding of how these companies integrate and take ownership of the diversity management approach in practise. And finally, a first assessment of the effects of diversity management practices within companies is developed throughout the analysis of the Diversity Label in regards with appropriative perspectives of management instruments approach. In conclusion, this doctoral study questions the institutionalization of non-discrimination at work in France. It shows that this question seems not yet seen as a "natural fact" by all actors and questioned its ability to address the problem of discrimination in the workplace, in a context where a socioeconomic crisis is still going on
Swetchine, Nicolas. "L’approche commerciale des Grands Projets : l’apport des théories néo-institutionnelles." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020003/document.
Full textLarge Infrastructure Projects’ stakes are major in terms of economics. Their governance has evolved over the past years, with formal Call for Tenders becoming a classic way to select suppliers, within a more competitive and institutionally complex environment. Current theoretical methodologies, structuring marketing & sales action, appear somewhat inappropriate to tackle this evolution: they neither really take into account the consequences of the very formal Call for Tenders, nor the institutional systemic complexity involved in such Large Projects; besides, Sales & Marketing suffer from a basic lack of legitimacy compared to Project Management and Purchasing, which carries on the powerful myth of Competition. Calling in New Organizational Institutionalism theories provides a new approach, allowing to consider such a Large Project as a complex, unique and dynamic institutional system, which institutionalizes itself progressively (a concept that differs from the so called milieu) Such an approach allows to define a new analysis methodology to asses interactions among all actors involved into the project, and to propose key principles for innovative proactive Sales & Marketing actions towards such complex institutional systems. This PhD research work develops a constructivist methodology based on interviews with key actors and in-depth analysis of two case studies in telecommunications and air traffic control infrastructure. The author proposes actual, theoretical and practical, areas for improvement of the Sales & Marketing methodology, allowing industrial corporations to institutionalize their competitive advantages. Ultimately, this research work leads to a new Sales approach, based on a theoretical framework, incorporating modern Sociology inputs into current Sales & Marketing theories: a New Institutional Marketing
Bouchard, Jérôme. "Les réponses des acteurs aux processus institutionnalisés : une exploration de deux sphères de l'environnement comptable contemporain." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68768.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the actors' response towards processes that appear to be institutionalized in the contemporary accounting environment. It is presented in the form of a thesis by article insertion. Chapter 1 (first inserted article) focuses on the response of PhD students in accounting towards the performance pressures they perceive in their academic environment. Chapter 2 (second inserted article) is a structured literature review with the aim of positioning the subsequent chapters on the broader theme of organization, and organizational actors responses, towards the apparent institutionalization of whistleblowing in Canada. It is based on data from semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis. Firstly, the results of the first inserted article suggest that the performance pressures decried by several accounting academics have also been echoed in doctoral education programs. It also suggests that acquiescence (the most passive and conformist form of strategic response) is most frequently used by doctoral students to face these institutionalized pressures. Secondly, the second inserted article paints a portrait of the current state of the literature by mobilizing the perspective of two different actors that take part to the whistleblowing process, the whistleblower and the organization (the recipient). This article highlights the strong emphasis put on the whistleblower perspective by the literature, leaving aside the perspective of the organization, another essential actor of the whistleblowing process. This article suggests different research opportunities, including the need to study the organization's point of view in the whistleblowing process, and to focus more on the dynamic relationship between the organisation and the whistleblower. Finally, the results of this thesis suggest that there are certain discrepancies between the formal discourses of organizations with regard to their whistleblowing processes put in place and the operationalization of these processes in the field. In light of neo-institutional theories, this decoupling phenomenon could allow the organization to gain legitimacy in the face of its institutional environment, but also to adapt its processes in order to deal with field constraints. This thesis also suggests that there is a certain dissonance between the function we attribute to whistleblowing at the societal level (a perspective that is mobilized through media discourse), and their actual use in the field by organizations and organizational actors.
Chbouki, Moktar. "Institutions, transition et performances économiques : une contribution méthodologique à l'analyse néo-institutionnaliste du changement économique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1087.
Full textThis study returns to the issue of institutional change that Eastern European countries have experienced for the past two decades. This change still presents a certain acuteness to grasp the sense of the differences in the economical performances observed between the economies in transition. To understand the uneven success of this process we broadened in an evolutionist approach the neo-institutionalist methodological framework by questioning the anthropologic systems that supported all society projects including the very idea of doing economics. The anthropological science that studies mental rigidity is trying to understand why societies that are so geographically close do not merge for millenniums. The principle of the world’s cultural diversity allowed to understand how informal institutions emerged and influenced economic performance. An increase in the stock of knowledge combined with a demographic transition would constitute the base of mental transition which supported by reliable institutions would be decisive in the success of the process of political and economic change. Political and economic change is just the reflection of a mental transition taking part in the core structures of a society. The Cultural Revolution, synonym of evolution of the mentalities, is an autonomous phenomenon that precedes economic development and political modernity. Relying at once on a framework of mentalities, the politics and the economics never act without results. They are, by virtue of their nature, endogenous and contingent because a society can only change if it acknowledges the necessity for change
Côté, Patricia. "L'impact des changements institutionnels dans le secteur de la protection environnementale en Chine." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19916.
Full textHamadache, Karim. "La critique comme source d'opportunités stratégiques : La construction du champ du médicament orphelin aux Etats-Unis et en Europe." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST0077/document.
Full textThis research intends to investigate the relationship between criticism of firms and individual and collective strategies they use to address and exploit it. The case study of the orphan drug field in the United States and Europe shows the ability of firms to recover criticism and develop strategic responses allowing them to seize and/or create new opportunities and to identify and/or address new threats. This dissertation also contributes to the understanding of the process of constructing a new organizational field and shows the important role of stakeholders in this process
He, Siyue. "Le rôle des institutions dans la participation publique des grands projets: une étude comparative entre le barrage des Trois Gorges en Chine et le projet de la Romaine au Québec." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38273.
Full textChetioui, Ben Osman Lamia. "Innovation et technologies de l'information, une lecture structurationniste : le cas des technologies internet pour la banque à distance." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0935.
Full textThe aim of this research is to describe and understand the integration process of Internet banking technologies within an organization of a large bank. In the stream of structuration theory, this thesis suggests to re-visit the innovation process associated with the integration of information technologies. Combining both levels of action and structure in Giddens' sense, this work aims at showing how this organizational phenomena emerges from social interactions between individuals. So far in the literature, these interactions have been too often considered as taking place in a black box. The theoretical contribution of this work stems from a cross fertilisation between Institutionalism, which has been broadly criticised for neglecting human interactions, and recent structurationist work on the articulation between information technologies and organisation. The latter has been criticised for The aim of this research is to describe and understand the integration process of Internet banking missing institutional embedness in the inter-organizational relationsFrom a methodological point of view, this thesis sketches a new way to translate the theory of structuration into organizations. A methodological construct has been designed accordingly to conduct a longitudinal case study in a large bank faced with the up-coming of Internet technologies. Composed of a protocol in five stages, it allows to restore take into account and combine three analytical levels: (i) the inter-organizational field which is analysed through the operationalisation of the concept of representation; (ii) the intra-organizational context which is considered as a local context (i. E. Situated in time and space); and (iii) the human interactions which are approached through the concept of episode proposed by Giddens. Finally, this research graps an important organizational phenomena related to the integration of information technologies, namely inertia. Inertia is cognitively associated with representations and organizationally entrenched in daily actions. Despite some transformations in the intra-organizational context, the study points out to unintended effects and unacknowledged conditions of managers' action that lead to inertia
Choinière, Olivier. "L’évolution des initiatives de discipline financière au Royaume-Uni : une histoire d’idées, de valeurs et de normes…" Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38628.
Full textLubello, Pasquale. "Le soja génétiquement modifié (GM) au Brésil : raisons et conséquences d'un choix." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030064.
Full textThis thesis tries to illustrate the politico-economic problems connected to the Brazilian choice of commercial liberalization of the transgenic soybean, Roundup Ready (RR soybean). This study consists in two main parts. The first one on tackles the sociopolitical reasons which pushed the Lula’s Government towards this choice. The purpose is to analyze the perceptions of the main Brazilians actors (economic, social and political) concerned by the biotechnological innovation as well as them strategies of pressure on public institutions, during the process of formation of the Biosafety law (2005). The second part tempts a qualitative economic analysis of the impact of this new technology on the Paranean soybean-producers’ incomes. We try to demonstrate that the adoption of this technological innovation, instead of improving the average farmer’s margin of incomes, drag down his position by intensifing the relation of dependence between the farmer and agro-biotech-industries. These two parts meet finally, because the choice of liberalization of the transgenic soybean in Brazil signs not only the victory of the monocultural and capital intensive agriculture, but also the victory of the economic-political interests of the dominant Brazilian agro-industrial corporations
Michel, Sophie. "Une analyse Néo-institutionnelle du "Travail" pour assurer la pérennité de l'entreprise : réponses spécifiques et ressources mobilisées par les grossistes en fruits et légumes." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED008/document.
Full textWhilst experts have predicted the downfall of wholesaler, the latter has survived and e to environmental pressures. This thesis, consisting of three in-depth case studies, investigates into the resources mobilization underpinning wholesalers' survival. The meticulous empirical setting sheds light on the transformations impacting the wholesaling field and on local actors' specific responses. This thesis contributes to illuminate the meaning and role of resources vis-à-vis interactions with institutions. Moreover, it promotes the concept of Institutional Biography as a lens to better understand action origins. The model derived from my analyses describes and explains fruit and vegetables wholesalers’ efforts to become a guarantor for quality, despite prejudices about their inertia and predictions of their disappearance
Chikh, Djamel. "Le régime linguistique algérien à travers l'étude du militantisme pour la langue amazighe : un contexte de sens entre imaginaire et pratiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV039/document.
Full textThis thesis looks at the Algerian language regime through the lens of activism for the amazigh language. The main objective is to examine the political meaning of the Amazigh activists’ grievances and its impact on the Algerian language regime. In other words, it aims to understand the nature of these actors’ representations within particular institutional structures. My hypothesis suggests a link between Amazigh linguistic militancy and democratic citizenship. This hypothesis will be verified through the theory of "language regimes" and "state traditions" (Cardinal and Sonntag, 2015), the concept of "context of meaning" (Cefaï, 1998; 2003), the knowledge co-construction method and the notion of likelihood (Dubet, 1994; 2000). These analytical tools will allow me to classify the various meanings included in the activists’ political imaginary (emotions, values, ideals, etc.) that converge in the discourse towards the idea of democratic citizenship. Then, we will see how their representations are translated into practice and influence the Algerian language regime’s trajectory, especially during its critical conjunctures (1980, 1994-1995, 2001-2002, 2011-2016). These findings will highlight that the Amazigh linguistic activism imposes counter-hegemonic representations within a fundamentally hegemonic and authoritarian linguistic regime. These representations translate into benefits and concessions in favour of the Amazigh language, while being simultaneously used by the language regime – influenced by certain state traditions - to maintain its stability and hegemony. For this purpose, this study is based on a qualitative methodology, combining primary (semi-directed interviews and observation) and secondary sources (analysis of documents, archives, and other engaged artistic work)
Desage, Fabien. "Le « consensus » communautaire contre l'intégration intercommunale Séquences et dynamiques d'institutionnalisation de la communauté urbaine de Lille (1964-2003)." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00566287.
Full textHassanzadeh, Dastjerdi Raheleh. "Les obstacles institutionnels au développement économique de l’Iran." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100044.
Full textNumerous economic studies, carried out in recent years, prove the importance of the local institutions in economic development and growth in a country. The quality of institutional environment that determines the level of transaction costs, depends on the efficiency and performance of political, economic and cultural institutions. The legal and juridical system also has its own role in the overall economic performance. In this research, the potential obstacles for economic development of Iran in context of the neo institutionalism theory are analyzed, also, the relationship of these obstacles with the legal system, that has not been able to provide economic actors, the protection of property rights and enforcement of contracts that enables the minimization of transaction costs in development of complex trading processes. The property and contract rights of the Iranian legal system does not sufficiently secure the economic actors in their entrepreneurial approaches, i.e. the economic actors do not have access to an appropriate legal framework that offers the required supports to them. The development strategies of Islamic Republic of Iran, which are foreseen in Constitution, implemented by legislative, executive and judicial officials are also evaluated as the sources of these obstacles, and reasons for the lack of conditions creation for setting up political plans that lead the institutional foundations toward more efficiency
Amedegnato, Akakpo. "Les organisations secrètes criminelles et le management par la terreur : cas des réseaux de proxénétisme subsahariens." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30012/document.
Full textAn organization, it is primarily men and means to achieve goals, and sub-Saharanpimping networks are no exception to this rule. Like any organization they structure and mobilizestakeholders, implement strategies to achieve their goals. At the same time the question of theorganization causes including that of the organizational environment as an organization exists andevolves in a given environment with which interactions are created. The problem of organizationaldynamics of sub-Saharan pimping networks, raises the question of their visibility and legitimacy inthis environment, because they are criminal, secret organizations and therefore not eligible for anyadvertising. However, these networks do work well and the consequences of their actions areperceived. How to understand the possibility of operating in such circumstances ? It's certain, thatyoung women recruited by sub-Saharian pimps undergo management by terror. A key elementsuggests that these women live in fear that goes beyond the simple fear of the pimp. It's the« voodoo », a phenomenon linked to the socio-cultural realities of sub-Saharan communities. Doesthe institutional environment of sub-Saharan pimping networks inspire their operation ? This thesisaims to shed light on organizational practices and the operation of sub-Saharan pimping networks,in the light of two theories : neo-institutionalism and contingency. Both theories emphasize therelationship with the environment that can affect an organization and its behavior
Royer, Annie. "Analyse économique néo-institutionnelle de la mise en marché collective : Application au secteur laitier du Québec." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00402464.
Full textmise en marché collective du lait au Québec et de son office de commercialisation sous l'angle de l'économie néoinstitutionnelle. Les offices de commercialisation sont des organisations obligatoires de commercialisation définies et encadrées législativement, qui accomplissent différentes fonctions de commercialisation au nom des producteurs d'un produit agricole spécifique. Généralement considérés et analysés en économie comme des organisations horizontalement intégrées, les offices de commercialisation sont examinés dans cette thèse sous l'angle de leurs rôles institutionnel et organisationnel, ainsi que de leur efficacité transactionnelle, dans la coordination verticale des transactions de produits agricoles. Afin d'évaluer l'efficacité relative de cette organisation, une approche comparative avec les contrats bilatéraux entre producteurs et acheteurs de lait en Grande-Bretagne a été privilégiée. La thèse est divisée en trois parties.
Après avoir présenté le fonctionnement et la structure de la mise en marché collective des produits agricoles, la première partie justifie l'intérêt d'une analyse de ce mode de commercialisation en termes de coordination verticale des transactions. La deuxième partie examine dans un premier temps la question des déterminants de l'émergence de la mise en marché collective en tant qu'institution hybride. Dans un deuxième temps, elle analyse la nature organisationnelle de l'office de commercialisation du lait au Québec et propose de considérer cette structure de gouvernance comme une forme hybride quasi-hiérarchique. La troisième partie est empirique. Une base de données originales recueillies auprès de 62 producteurs laitiers anglais et d'employés de l'office de commercialisation du lait au Québec fait l'objet d'une analyse très précise dans laquelle j'évalue quantitativement l'importance des coûts de transaction supportés par les producteurs laitiers anglais et québécois lorsqu'ils contractualisent avec les acheteurs de lait.
Daudigeos, Thibault. "Rendre l'entreprise néolibérale responsable. Rôle des logiques institutionnelles et des experts fonctionnels. Etude de la gestion du risque accident du travail dans le secteur de la construction." Phd thesis, Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00485050.
Full textHamadache, Karim, and Karim Hamadache. "La critique comme source d'opportunités stratégiques : La construction du champ du médicament orphelin aux Etats-Unis et en Europe." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00993351.
Full textEdel, Frédéric. "Eléments néo-institutionnels pour une analyse économique du service universel de télécommunications." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010017.
Full textCognard, Etienne. "Economie politique des employeurs et néo-corporatisme : financer la formation professionnelle continue en Europe." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO22012/document.
Full textOur work tackles the issue of the financing of the continuous vocational training as it has been negotiated by social partners in the post-fordist European countries. The reflection is centered on the unequal distribution of resources among the large and small firms affiliated to employer associations. It is shown that the emergence of a corporatist governance (the training funds) can be interpreted as the result of cross-class coalitions between trade unions, employer association and SMEs, against big companies. Although we mobilize a theoretical corpus centered on employers as the ‘Varieties of Capitalism’ approach does (VoC – Hall and Soskice, 2001), our dissertation is closer to the historical institutionalism of the French Régulation School. Indeed, the attention granted to the firms’ heterogeneity and to the role of politics is hardly compatible with the VoC rational institutionalism and its conception of employer organizations as mere employer coordination instruments
Renaud, Angèle. "Le système de management environnemental comme moyen de contrôle de la déclinaison et de l'émergence des stratégies environnementales." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00476200.
Full textMhirsi, Nadia. "Légitimité de l’audit conjoint : Une analyse structurationniste et néo-institutionnaliste des cas français et danois." Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090051.
Full textThis research contributes to an understanding of joint audit's legitimacy. It aims to highlight the institutional pressures affecting the sustainability of the model and opens a black box which is the interaction between joint auditors. It also shows the impact of these pressures on the relationships within the model and vice versa. We have adopted a theoretical framework using the concepts ofstructuration theory and new institutionalism. Our approach is comprehensive and based on a multiple-Case study with the co-Commissariat aux comptes in France and the to-Revisor systemet in Denmark. We used interviews and historical data as means of data collection. The roles of legislators and regulators seem to trigger different evolutions of the joint audit for both cases. Despite these points of divergence, we were able to establish a common matter relating to the importance of cultural standards for the persistence of joint auditing and its adoption in other contexts. The ideology of fair contract has greatly influenced the perception of the model by the Danish and French auditors. This vision promoting efficient modes of governance has led to the decline of the logic of honor in France and that of Grundtvigianism in Denmark
Kra, Yves. "Les modes d’organisation des banques et des institutions de microfinance dans le développement : le cas des pays de l’UEMOA." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD014.
Full textThis thesis is based on two central questions whose purpose is to explain why and how the institutional complementarity should be organized between banks and microfinance institutions (MFIs) to effectively finance the development process of WAEMU (West African Economic and Monetary Union) countries. The banking aspects of Gerschenkron’s catch-up theory are adapted to the large informal context of the WAEMU economies. At empirical level, the independent and private processes of Complementarity between Banks and Microfinance institutions (CBM) are scarce in WAEMU as long as banks avoid risks associated with adaptation to microfinance customers, and MFIs are not efficient for infrastructure modernization and expansion. Thus, to implement CBM processes, the neo-institutionalist framework of hybridity of the firm and the international best practices in microfinance are mobilized in order to clarify the role of public authorities towards private financial actors, including the mobile banking operators
Tong, Xuheng. "L'environnement institutionnel influence-t-il le rôle, la stratégie et l'impact des agences de notation financières ? Application à la Chine et éléments de comparaison avec l’Europe." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0196.
Full textIn this Ph.D. thesis, we aim to contribute to the entire research on CRAs, with theoretical, conceptual and empirical aspects. We used the New-institutionalism as a theoretical frame of reference to justify the importance to have a good understanding of Chinese institutional characteristics. Chinese State-capitalism and Socialist-market economics, along with the interaction of CRAs with regulators, issuers and investors are devoted to setting the stage. We implemented various methodological approaches that seemed the most appropriate, on the sample that the most suitable, according to each of the objectives that we set, to better comprehend CRAs’ role, strategy and impact, under Chinese market context.Firstly, we found that CRAs were not expected to play “their main role” in assessing the credit default risk for market investment in China, as they are usually assigned to do so in Europe, and other developed countries. After running the frequency test, to register the words most used in the written regulatory and normative documents, we concluded that the expectation of roles of CRAs was also different in Continental China and in Hong Kong. At the expectation of issuers, CRAs also seem to play a role in rating “shopping”, in split rating, and even in rating inflation. Investors are very cautious to the multiple ratings. Secondly, by using logistic models, we found that global CRAs tend to rate more strictly than local CRAs, ceteris paribus. We also realized that the strategical behaviors of Chinese local CRAs are distinctive one from the other, when we studied the determinants “behind” initial issuer ratings. These findings confirmed the preliminary quantitative tests that we executed on the descriptive data. Thirdly, we failed to find informative impact of credit rating changes on the stock market, through a classic event study relying on the market model. Even if we refined the methodology by completing GARCH to OLS estimation model, and non-parametric tests to parametric tests, we only found significant outcomes in some subsamples, and for negative watch-lists.In the end, the analyses we led and the findings we reported from each of these empirical chapters have contributed to enrich, in return, our discussion of Chinese institutional characteristics
Olivero, Julie. "Entreprises et management environnemental : pratiques de gestion dans les établissements à risques règlementés situés sur le littoral français." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1072.
Full textThe increasing societal awareness and the intensification of the regulation make henceforth strategic environmental issues for pollutant sites. Included within the scope of the CSR, this thesis aims to understand the management decision of environmental risks within risky sites located in French densely populated coastal areas. It analyses the ways of evaluating, managing and communicating about environmental risks, also called “industrialo-environmental risks” (IER), and identifies motivations and difficulties of these actions as described by managers. The research is based on a multidisciplinary theoretical framework: the work on the individual decision under risk, the stakeholder theory, and the neo-institutionalism. The research methodology is divided into two times: a qualitative study of 19 interviews with textual analysis, and a survey of 196 sites by questionnaire. Results emphasize that, despite a collective awareness of environmental issues, IER have been significantly managed since only a decade. If regulatory stakeholders and leaders' values primarily guide risky sites towards a more "responsible" management, the complexity of regulation and the lack of information explain the slowing of environmental initiatives (EMS, EMAS eco-audit, partnerships). The surveyed sites adopt reactive approaches of regulatory compliance. Costs, lack of human and financial resources, and the low perception of the immediate benefits are considered as barriers to the pursuit of more ambitious environmental activities. Thus, the IER management appears more as a way to legitimize and sustain activities as an economic advantage
Boschet, Christophe. "La dimension politique de la coordination environnementale à l'échelle locale : une analyse économique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT4014/document.
Full textThis thesis adopts a political economy perspective to address the institutional and political constraints influencing the implementation of environmental policies at a local level. A central focus of the analysis is on assessing the continued relevance of Environmental Institutional Devices (EIDs) as solutions for addressing French political and administrative fragmentation. The thesis pursues two core lines of inquiry. First, proposals developed within an environmental federalism tradition, which state that centralization of power is preferable in cases when environmental problems generate spillover, are evaluated against the realities of local community interests. Through carrying out an econometric test based on local elected representatives' votes, the thesis compares the contents of a watershed policy project in Gironde estuary with the types of issues representatives face on a daily basis, in particular from economic interest groups. Second, the thesis analyses incentives contained in EIDs. Transaction costs theory provides the tools for interpreting EIDs as relational contracts based on an actor's specificity and his/her respective positioning vis-à-vis others. Through this reconstruction of an environmental governance network on the Gironde estuary, I reveal the prevalence of public actors. A statistical analysis of network formation integrates this feature by focusing on the politician-bureaucrat relationship. The results show how political, administrative and economic dimensions of environmental coordination mitigate against the usefulness and the incentive-compatibility of EIDs as tools for environmental policy implementation at local level
Velut, Jean-Baptiste. "Libéralisation ou équité des échanges? : Les conflits sur les modalités de l'élaboration de la politique commerciale américaine de l'ALENA à l'ALEAC (1991-2005)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030017/document.
Full textThe 1990s marked the emergence of the “new politics of American trade.” A large coalition of labor, environmental and consumer organizations fought to broaden the narrow economic scope of American trade policy and change the rules of globalization. More than fifteen years after their first legislative battle against the North American Free Trade Agreement, what is the legacy of their political mobilization? What factors constrained their progress? Drawing from interviews with political actors, lobbying materials from labor, environmental and business organizations, and congressional records, this dissertation analyzes the clash between “fair” and “free” traders in five major legislative battles from 1991 to 2005. It reveals that the “special relationship” between the business community and the executive branch was the key obstacle to the achievements of the “blue (collar)-green” alliance from the beginning to the end of the policy process. Not only did the private sector enjoy privileged access to the negotiations phase, but the president also assisted free trade coalitions in their lobbying efforts, allowing them to win most legislative battles
Jaubert, Guillaume. "L’invention de la gouvernance managériale des associations-gestionnaires du secteur du handicap : une approche sociohistorique de la construction d’un modèle institutionnel." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30084/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to describe, from a sociohistorical perspective, the development of the institutional model of the large managing association in the disability sector. The thesis statement is to report on the origin and stabilisation of the governance in these entities.Managing associations are often depicted as sorts of collective actions hesitating between the ideal model of the association and the ideal model of the enterprise. Two competing and antagonistic theoretical corpora are fighting over the legitimacy of governance issues analysis. The theories of social and solidarity economy regard the association as a specific governance system in contradiction with the corporate one. According to these theories, associative governance aims to protect associations from economic and managerial approaches likely to destroy their specific character. The second corpus of governance theories, primarily focused on the enterprise, considers that the organisations with the most efficient governance systems are the only lasting ones. In the light of these two corpora, the thesis aims to report on the emergence of managerial governance in large managing associations in the disability sector.As regards the method, the thesis is based on a comprehensive analysis of two longitudinal case studies. Two managing associations – the ADAPEI du Rhône and the OVE – both of large size (annual budgets in the range of EUR 100m and gathering each about 150 professionals) – were chosen for the case studies. The analytical method, based on “historical monographs”, included several phases: (1) archive analysis (about 1,000 pages of notes on these archives); (2) semi-structured interviews conducted with internal stakeholders (43 semi-structured interviews); and (3) additional interviews conducted with partners (55 semi-structured interviews with public authorities, other associations, etc.).This thesis calls into question the relevance of the theories of social and solidarity economy when it comes to associative governance. Regardless of the original values promoted by the studied organisations, these achieve their associative projects by advocating for the establishment and management of care facilities for people with disabilities, and they actively participate in the development of a full-fledged economic sector.Management structuring and professionalization processes, deployed internally by the entities’ activist authorities, introduce the first management tools. Managing directors, who gradually formalise the governance of the associations, contribute to the strengthening and reaffirmation of associative projects. The implementation of governance principles offers better protection against the appropriation of power by a small group of volunteers, and it also allows the application of a cognitive governance, which facilitates discussions on major strategic focuses between managers.The historical study of the governance of managing associations breaks with the theories of social and solidarity economy, which support an opposition between a first “golden age”, based on a “heroic” solidarity from a few activists, and the age of efficiency, where associations are considered as simple economical organisations void of heart and morals
Déprés, Christophe. "Une approche néo-institutionnelle de la fourniture de services environnementaux : le cas du service d’épandage agricole des boues d’épuration et ses formes d’organisation territoriale." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOE011.
Full textThe PhD thesis develops a neo-institutional approach of the supply in environmental services and of the role played by authorities. The idea puts forward is the plurality of contractual arrangements likely to be efficient to supervise the supply of these services such as spot contracts, long-term contracts and administrated contracts. This thesis raises the question of the compared efficiency of these arrangements. Then, it develops a framework inspired from the transaction costs theory and confronts it with the empirical analysis of the following case: sewage sludge spreading service by farmers. The studied case shows the importance of the administered contract considering the service characteristics which are as follows: multiplicity of concerned stakeholders and difficulties in measuring sludge quality. Besides, it shows the interest of taking into account micro-institutional factors in the analysis
Llorente, Marie. "Une approche néo-institutionnelle de la gestion urbaine de l'eau à Delhi : quelle régulation pour quel service ?" Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100163.
Full textUrban water supply is facing an acute crisis in Delhi like in many others megacities of the developing world. The thesis deals with the kind of reform that could be implemented there. This work is based on fieldwork and interviews. It follows a neo-institutional approach, which is particularly relevant for analysing the intertwined dimensions of the urban water sector. Indeed, this local public service has special attributes that distinguish it from other network utilities, and that should pilot a reform. A review of international experiences with water "re-regulation" shows that economic regulation is not the only aspect of a reform, as the quality of the institutional environment is a determinant factor of sustainability. In the case of Delhi, one should not focus only on the governance structure reform, but also on the formal and informal rules that govern actors behaviour (households with / without water connections, planners, politicians, NGO, public undertaking, etc. ). Reform as several dimensions, and tariff augmentation or partial delegation contract are not viable answers to the present failures. The scope for change is limited to few institutional arrangements, that enlarge the full public service and not only a segment of activity, either in the public or private property right alternative
Loridan-Baudrier, Audrey. "Coûts de coordination, structures de gouvernance réglementaire et environnement institutionnel : une analyse économique néo-institutionnelle de la mise en oeuvre du cadre réglementaire européen des communications électroniques." Paris 1, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165182.
Full textKouao, Serge Guy. "Incidence des facteurs institutionnels dans l’évolution de la structure financière des entreprises : cas d’entreprises françaises cotées à la bourse de Paris." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40032/document.
Full textBased on the pecking order and trade-off theories, this research aims to test empirically the relationship between corporate capital structure and institution. Both concepts share common characteristics fostering their conceptual association through the target debt ratio specifically via corporate behavior of financial conservatism. This opens new possibilities for analysis of that relationship, in particular, by mobilizing the new institutionalism framework. A sample of 204 French companies listed on the Paris stock exchange, with complete data between 1999 and 2007, was used to undertake the empirical part of the study. The main results indicate that all the traditional determinants of capital structure, except the size, play an important role in the financing policy of these companies. The level of corruption and the French stock market liquidity (legal and financial institutional variables) do not influence the choice of debt level, but rather play a significant role in the choice of debt maturity. In addition, the financial structure of these companies converges slowly but surely toward its target level
Loridan-Baudrier, Audrey. "Coûts de coordination, structures de gouvernance réglementaire et environnement institutionnel : une analyse économique néo-institutionnelle de la mise en œuvre du cadre réglementaire européen des communications électroniques." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165182.
Full textCette problématique nous a conduit à mobiliser les concepts de la théorie des coûts de transaction et à adopter une approche contractuelle de la régulation. Notre analyse pointe l'influence de l'environnement institutionnel européen sur le choix des modalités de mise en oeuvre de la régulation des marchés pertinents. Partant d'une analyse comparative des formes possibles de la régulation, nous défendons la thèse que la structure de gouvernance issue de la réforme répond au besoin de garanties face à l'incertitude, au pouvoir discrétionnaire et au risque d'opportunisme dans un contexte incertain. La dispersion des pouvoirs et des compétences apparaît délibérée. Elle sert des intérêts légitimes comme l'équilibre des pouvoirs et la transparence des relations entre les autorités nationales de régulation et de la concurrence, les institutions européennes et les acteurs du marché.
Rossiaud, Sylvain. "L'évolution de la structure de gouvernance pétrolière russe : une interprétation en termes néo-institutionnels." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00734958.
Full textBarreda, Marlène. "La création d’un « climat d’accountability » dans les hôpitaux publics français, entre légitimité(s) et influence(s) : une approche par la théorie néo-institutionnelle." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTD031.
Full textHow are accountability measures used by actors in the administrative field? Consequently, which are the associated effects on workers in the health sector?Research in control has shown that the French hospital has undergone profound changes, notably through the introduction of accountability. Compliance with institutional pressure drives organizations to move towards new tools and principles that reinforce their external legitimacy (Power, 2003). The same literature has shown that accountability infiltrates the medical sphere and that a new phenomenon occurs: doctors adopt hybridization role in hospital. This hybridization creates doctors who are aware of financial constraints (Kurunmäki, 1999). The administrative sphere is no exception and is also subject to coercive pressure.The aim of our thesis is to contribute to this literature by analyzing the intra-organizational effects and roles of accountability on the medical logic in the French public hospital sector. To analyze these effects, we focus on accountability mechanisms such as information reporting (i.e. financial audit, budget practice). To answer this problematic, we use semi-structured interviews into French hospitals and we adopt an ethnographic approach of one large university hospital.Firstly, from a series of exploratory interviews with 19 financial administrative directors (in 19 public hospitals), we show that accountability through financial audit leads to organizational changes and also use to “give account” not only to external stakeholders (Regional Health Agency, banks) but also internal hospital organizations. Our results show that the financial audit reinforces the legitimacy of the administrative sphere towards the medical sphere.Secondly, we identify with an ethnographic approach (non-participant observation and interviews) in a UHC of specific administrative actors called “Medical coders” (i.e. actors serving as vectors for the infiltration of accountability in the medical sphere). These administrative members have a key role in hybridization of health professionals to management skills, and sensitize them to financial logics.Through the reporting of their medical activity, our results highlight an attenuation of the traditional cleavage observed in the literature between administrative members and the medical profession.Moreover, we show that the infiltration of accountability by others specialized administrative agents tends to sensitize doctors to the reduction of surplus, and the slack in the care of patients. It turns out that, the hospital organization favors support systems to make physicians integrate efficiency in their health role.Our result show that physicians are now trying to find a balance in order to articulate medical logic and managerial logic. For this, our study highlights a modification of care protocols as well as the reasoning and values of health professionals who reconcile and promote medico-economic logic.This thesis argues that the introduction of accountability within the French public hospital sector has intra-organizational effects on both the administrative and medical spheres and emphasizes that on the basis of the reduction of the organizational slack, the conflicts between medical and managerial logic are lessened
Desmaris, Christian. "Le transport ferroviaire régional de voyageurs en France : à la lumière de la théorie néo-institutionnaliste et des comptes de surplus." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472091.
Full textKarm, Miguel. "L'Europe à l'économie du politique : Les contributions des premiers néo-libéraux aux projets de gouvernance économique de l'Europe: paradigmes doctrinaux et implications politiques (1938-1958): institutionnalisation, intervention restauratrice et régulation du marché, planisme libéral, fédération et communauté des nations." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020066.
Full textGuéranger, David. "La coopération entre communes dans le bassin chambérien (1957-2001). Eléments pour une analyse néo-institutionnaliste des dynamiques intercommunales." Phd thesis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370613.
Full textSotelo, Rico Mariana. "Les interventions communautaires d’activation au Québec et leurs déterminants : orientations institutionnelles, appropriation et gouvernance." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13437.
Full textCelka, Arnaud. "Responsabilité sociale et gouvernance d’entreprise : études de cas de firmes en situation de crise." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11959.
Full textThe case of companies affected by scandals related to financial, environmental, or exploitative labour conditions aspects have marked the last twenty years. The increasingly form of behaviour behind these scandals can be explained by the less restrictive environment offered by the privatization, deregulation and liberalization policies initiated in the 1980s. In order to prevent these derivatives and promote sustainable management, stakeholders and investors encourage the taking into consideration of three non-economic factors, known as the ESG Factors (Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance related). The development of the concept of Corporate Social Responsability since the 1980s, following these excesses, embodies the idea that if a company should certainly make profit and sustain it, it should achieve it by promoting responsible, ethical and transparent behavior with all its' stakeholders. We analyze, in this thesis, the process by which, in the face of malfunctions and abuse affecting labour working conditions or their governance, companies can be brought to, or not, question and change their practices. We have focused our case study on two companies with diametrically opposed trajectories. The first company, from the textile sector and whose crisis concerned the infringement of workers' rights, overcame the crisis by reforming its production model. The second company, from the information technology and communication sector and whose crisis was related to its corporate governance, multiplied the malfunctions for ten years until declaring bankruptcy on January 2009. Recent developments in the new institutionalism theory shed light on the process by which new standards emerge and spread, while emphasizing the role occupied by various actors in this process. Networks of actors are formed, in order to increase their efficiency in a global scale, where they define new ethical standards and mobilize in order to spread them. The first case study allowed us to address the field associated with the labour conditions of workers operating within the supply chain relocated in countries with ineffective or non-existent social laws. We analyzed the path through which this company was led to consider, with greater rigor, the ethical dimension in its supply chain. The company, going through various steps in the form of an organizational learning process, was able to overcome the crisis by reforming its practices. It became apparent that this process was not spontaneous and that it was settled following the roles played by two types of actors. Firstly, by the constant mobilization of Global Justice Movements, in order for the company to reform its practices, and secondly, by the normative framework and place for dialogue between the different stakeholders, offered by a private organization source of standards. Basically, the risk of losing its accreditation was what led the company to undertake reforms. The company was able to overcome the crisis by adopting, and respecting, the standards defined by this private authority. The company managed to overcome the crisis, albeit by adopting and complying with these norms, but fundamentally by changing its corporate culture. The leadership of the CEO and the CFO has allowed the creation of a corporate culture that encourages questioning, dialogue and a greater consideration of the stakeholders, even if local management may sometimes pose a number of issues or difficulties. Concerning the dimension related to corporate governance, we highlight, through the study of factors leading to the decline and bankruptcy of the second case study, the limits of the standards as a tool for good governance. The lawfulness of accounting and the company's compliance to the governance standards did not prevent the emergence and proliferation of shortcomings and of strategic and ethical issues. Unable to take advantage of the multiple crises it faced in order to challenge and engage a deep organizational learning, the company obsessively focused on the short-term profitability and the search for a higher share. Management and the Board of Directors have failed to show some leadership in creating a corporate culture that would combine technological innovation and an honest and transparent communication with stakeholders. Thus, it appears that there are two types of behaviours raised by companies: the first type, which can be induced, controlled and which is favourable to the regulatory process; and the second type, which is more strategic, more difficult to control and less amenable to be regulated. While the first case study illustrates the case of a company that, through a strategic change, has been able to address the challenges imposed by its’ environment, the second one reflects the opposite situation. Based on these two cases, it appears that if a governance, promoting ethics and transparency towards stakeholders, requires the creation of a corporate culture valuing these elements, it must support and be associated with the right strategy so that the company can sustain its activities.
Desjardins, Pierre. "Déterminants des politiques de lutte contre la pauvreté en Irlande durant la décennie 1997-2006." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9617.
Full textThis master thesis is a case study in the field of public policies and deals with policies to fight against the poverty and social exclusion. Ireland succeeded in diminishing poverty and social exclusion during the 1997-2006 decade and even though if economic development was also spectacular, it did not explain completely this result, neither could it explain the political engagement that brought the Irish government to make the reduction of the poverty a major objective. This thesis tries to define and identify the factors that have contributed to the emergence of this political orientation. As it is a case study, the research mostly qualitative. The dependant variable is then the conception and the implementation of a new set of social policies, centered on poverty reduction. The proposed explanation places the emphasis on ideas, interests and institutions.
Sibille, Bastien. "Visions d’État : deux systèmes d'informations géographiques dans la « gouvernance »." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3582.
Full textDuring the 1990s, Canada’s federal government and the European Commission established two networks of geographic information systems (GIS): the National Forest Information System in Canada and the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Union. These two systems permit social and environment facts to be studied geographically and to be mapped. In this thesis, we emphasize the heuristic value of these two networks of geographic information systems: an analysis of them allows us to better understand the institutional configurations that existed during their development, that is to say, in our cases, what is called “governance”. As instruments that measure and represent phenomena, GIS belong to knowledge tools. As knowledge tools, they allow us to discuss two issues of “governance” theories: relationships between central and local administrations, and relationships between state and non-state organizations. This discussion leads us to show, on the one hand, that the reorganization of different levels of government does not signify, as is described elsewhere in the literature, the retreat of central administrations in favor of local administrations, but is rather a means for more forcefully controlling them. On the other hand, we show that the renegotiation of relationships between central and local administrations is not accompanied, in reality, by a negotiation of relationships with non-state organizations. In light of the fact that non-state organizations are not integrated in states’ GIS networks, we must revisit theories of “governance” that foresee governments as more open to civil society. This helps us to understand how knowledge tools can be used in order to exclude certain facts from State's sight. In conclusion, this political analysis of two specific software – GIS – leads us to propose that some software can be considered as political institutions.
Baghdjian, Fanny. "La logique d’action de l’acteur patronal organisé au Québec : le cas des associations provinciales." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10383.
Full textThis research sheds new light on the employers’ associations in the province of Quebec, and contributes to the development of theoretical tools that can be used in future research. Provincial business associations are dedicated to defending the collective interests of their members, generally guided by values of economic liberalism. Members have an influence on the strategic agenda of their association. The image of the organisation will vary depending on its sources of funding, with greater financial independence bolstering an association’s perceived legitimacy. Furthermore, the level at which the activities of the business associations take place influences the type of strategies used to attain their goals. Finally, they can use their power resources to implement institutional innovations in order to renew processes that have become obsolete. Several factors determine the means used by business associations to influence public policy, work relations and labor market institutions. The State constitutes the main target of action for business organisations, with a usual focus on economic matters. The combination of individual and collective interests of members determines whether the association mobilizes its power resources to generate institutional change, which would place it in a proactive logic of action. However power resources are not always used in this manner; associations in fact mostly behave reactively, without trying to modify their institutional environment.
Daoust, Sophie. "Les réseaux de corruption à Laval et Montréal : un essai d'interprétation de la corruption municipale québécoise." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16219.
Full textIn the last few years, municipal corruption made its way through the headlines and became a significant issue in Québec, raising major questions about the quality of municipal governance. This research aims to understand how the corruption system operated at the municipal level. First, an examination of the municipal corruption’s legacy will show its recurrent aspect. Then, the corruption phenomena will be studied through a description of the informal governance structure that grew inside municipal institutions. More specifically, Laval’s and Montréal’s cases will be used to portray this governance structure. Della Porta and Vannucci’s model (2012) will be used to elucidate the way agents internalize norms of corruption, how they develop second-party bonds of trust, and, finally, how an enforcer can act to cement and institutionalize networks of corruption. Finally, the research aims to identify and understand which aspects of Quebec’s municipal institutions made then vulnerable to corruption. The limits of formal institutions’ capacity to successfully structure incentives will be addressed through the exposure of some significant weaknesses. We will examine the limits of the institutions aiming to establish external surveillance, to then turn our focus toward internal institutions that could have deterred corruption, which are bureaucracy and democracy.