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Journal articles on the topic 'Neo-Malthusianism'
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1
Nefedov, S. A. "Neo-Malthusianism in the modern methodology of history." Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 82, no. 6 (November 2012): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1019331612060081.
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Watkins, Susan Cotts, and Dennis Hodgson. "Developmental Idealism, the International Population Movement, and the Transformation of Population Ideology in Kenya*." Sociology of Development 5, no. 3 (2019): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sod.2019.5.3.229.
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The spread of developmental idealism's beliefs about how “modern” family practices help achieve a modern prosperous society did not happen spontaneously, especially in societies whose family systems bore little initial resemblance to the “modern” ideal. We examine how Kenya in the 1960s became the first sub-Saharan country to adopt a fertility reduction policy, even though Kenya's leaders and their Western advisers initially had very different population ideologies. The advisers were neo-Malthusians who viewed continued high fertility in the face of rapid mortality decline as a grave threat to Third World development, whereas most Kenyans were traditional mercantilists who viewed a larger family and a larger population as signs of wealth and prosperity. Kenyans' conversion to neo-Malthusianism is often presented as the simple result of education and reason: Kenyans came to be convinced that progress requires slower population growth and lower fertility, achieved through modern methods of fertility control. Our account differs. It recognizes that neo-Malthusianism was a Western export that faced substantial opposition and that its adoption was the result of a coordinated movement by neo-Malthusians that applied pressure on Kenyan elites to change the intimate behavior of their people. We conclude that developmental idealism has spread from its Western origins to ordinary people around the world, but that the process was not simple, inevitable, or uniform.
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Lerner, Adam B. "Political Neo-Malthusianism and the Progression of India’s Green Revolution." Journal of Contemporary Asia 48, no. 3 (January 21, 2018): 485–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2017.1422187.
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Frey, Marc. "Neo-Malthusianism and development: shifting interpretations of a contested paradigm." Journal of Global History 6, no. 1 (February 23, 2011): 75–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022811000052.
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AbstractThis article focuses on the connection between the ideology of neo-Malthusianism and development theory and practice from the mid 1940s to the present. First identified by a few demographic experts, population policies and family planning gradually turned into a global movement for the control of world population. From the beginning, population discourses and policies were intertwined with strategies of socioeconomic development. They were also a reflection of strategic concerns and deliberations about the role of the West in the Cold War and vis-à-vis the emerging Global South. Focusing on the collective impact of individual choices, population controllers assumed that top-down approaches could swiftly change reproductive behaviour. They gave priority to preventing births over health, education, and female empowerment. Family planning began to shift its emphasis from the collective to the individual only in response to outright coercive actions and with the emergence of new actors, most notably feminists, from the late 1970s on.
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Bautin, Vladimir M., and Elena A. Lipchenko. "Food security and the problems of possible resuscitation of neo-Malthusianism." Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, no. 10 (2021): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2021-0-10-2-9.
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Ensuring food independence and food security are crucial problems of any State. Therefore, the issues of the export potential of food for different states, including Russia, in the modern globalized world characterize the agrarian economy of states as competitive and deeply integrated into the world economy. Participation in the international division of labor makes it necessary to maintain a balance between the interests of the national food market and the needs of the rest of the world. Of course, ensuring domestic consumption and food security is a priority of the agrarian policy of each state. At the same time, emerging threats to food security are increasing in a number of countries around the world under the influence of demographic problems, which also lead to excessive environmental costs. In this regard, the forgotten ideas of T. Malthus, once expressed by him about the relationship in the field of “man-nature”, especially with the growing importance of environmental and population problems, have recently become of interest. The article discusses some of T. Malthus’ views in relation to the new conditions of the modern world.
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Accampo, Elinor A. "The Gendered Nature of Contraception in France: Neo-Malthusianism, 1900–1920." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 34, no. 2 (October 2003): 235–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002219503322649499.
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As the first nation to undergo the fertility transition, France also experienced a demographic “crisis” concerning its drop in population. Contemporary reactions to the Neo-Malthusian effort to provide female contraceptives, and particularly to the feminist rhetoric of birth-control advocate Nelly Roussel, however, suggest that what was most threatening about female contraception was not the prospect of further depopulation but the idea of making motherhood a choice, thereby “de-naturalizing” women's bodies and threatening civilization itself.
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Sánchez Blanco, Laura. "La liberación de las oprimidas. El neomalthusianismo y la maternidad consciente en el anarquismo femenino." Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 8, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.541.
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During the 19th century, Malthus’s theory was supported by various sectors of Spanish society, such as the Church and the Bourgeoisie, because this was how they justified the social inequalities of the proletariat. However, starting in the 20th century, Spanish anarchists tried to remedy the population problem through a new Malthusianism that offered other preventive remedies to the working class, such as conscious motherhood classes. Added to the need to reduce the number of births was interest in quality of life. In this study, the theories of Birth Control and Neo-Malthusianism are examined in order to verify the influence they exerted on Spanish anarchism through the historical-educational method. Likewise, a historical review is made by the acratic press of the first decades of the 20th century to publicize the awareness campaigns that were directed towards women in order to achieve women’s liberation through the Belly strike and eugenic discourse, and the slogans of a conscious motherhood are analyzed, which were published, especially, in the journal Free Women. Anarchist women wrote 10 articles out of a total of 305 texts related to conscious motherhood and health problems, knowledge that was very necessary at the time to prevent diseases and reduce infant mortality, but they were not as successful as a sexual reform project.
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Cullather, Nick. "“Stretching the Surface of the Earth”: The Foundations, Neo-Malthusianism and the Modernising Agenda." Global Society 28, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2013.848190.
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Braun, Marianne. "VROUWEN EN VREDE, MANNEN EN OORLOG?" De Moderne Tijd 2, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/dmt2018.2.001.brau.
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WOMEN AND PEACE, MEN AND WAR? Dutch radical feminist Wilhelmina Drucker’s take on feminism during the Great War This article explores the connection between feminism and the fight for peace during the First World War. Although the Netherlands were officially neutral, the horrors of the battlefield, the position of women and the measures that needed to be taken were at the centre of a fierce political debate. I focus in particular on the special contribution to the Peace Movement by secularist feminist and leading figure of the nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century feminist movement Wilhelmina Drucker (1847-1925). Her criticism of the war spared neither men nor women and comprised three dimensions: an antimilitarist dimension, a legal democratic one, and an ultra-radical combination of feminism and Neo-Malthusianism.
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Łukasik, Przemysław. "Zmiany ludnościowe jako determinanta w polityce przyszłości na przykładzie Unii Europejskiej i Organizacji Paktu Północnoatlantyckiego." Studia Środkowoeuropejskie i Bałkanistyczne 31 (December 14, 2022): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543733xssb.22.008.16710.
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Population Changes as a D eterminant in the Politics of the Future on the Example of the European Union and North Atlantic Pact Organization Contemporary analyses of the international reality allow it to be seen as more and more complex. Globalization, new wars and failed states are examples of challenges faced by individual actors and the entire international community. The interdependence of phenomena in their global scope necessitates the creation of international coalitions of states and organizations as part of creating resourcesin the global management of these problems. The steady growth of China’s power and the prospect of a return to global competition between superpowers complicates this picture even more. Heads of state and international organizations set ambitious goals for their organizations in the face of emergingchallenges. They assume the strengthening of unity, adaptation to the changing international reality and expansion of resources. Plans to meet the challenges of the present, go together with a demographic determinant. The low birth rate associated with the aging of the population is likely to increase social benefits in the general budget balance of countries. The article aims to analyze the development of the situation of EU and NATO countries from the perspective of the demographic challenges that they and the whole world will face in the first half of the 21st century. The text will take into account both the presentation of demographic changes from the past and in the present in the theoretical (Malthusianism, Neo-Malthusianism) and practical (population policy) dimensions.
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Schlosser, Kolson. "Malthus at mid-century: neo-Malthusianism as bio-political governance in the post-WWII United States." cultural geographies 16, no. 4 (October 2009): 465–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474474009340096.
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Brandhorst, Henny. "From Neo-Malthusianism to Sexual Reform: The Dutch Section of the World League for Sexual Reform." Journal of the History of Sexuality 12, no. 1 (2003): 38–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sex.2003.0050.
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Исмаилов, Чингиз Ниязи оглы. "GLOBAL METAMORPHOSIS OF DEVELOPMENT OR NEW FEATURES OF NEOMALTU SIANISM?" Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: География и геоэкология, no. 2(30) (October 30, 2020): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/2226-7719-2020-2-13-24.
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В статье проанализированы глобальные процессы обострения социальноэкономического положения и показаны факторы, создавшие такие негативные изменения. Наряду с этим, раскрыты отличительные черты новой кризисной ситуации, при которой проявились реальные и содержательные особенности, широко пропагандируемых, либеральной демократии и западных ценностей. В качестве дискуссионной проблемы поставлен вопрос о возможности возрождения идей неомальтузианства. В заключении статьи особо подчеркнута необходимость переустройства всей мирохозяйственной системы отношений, которая показала всю глубину внутренних противоречий. The article analyzes the global processes of aggravation of the socio-economic situation and shows the factors that create such negative changes. Along with this, the distinctive features of the new crisis situation have been revealed, in which real and substantial features, widely propagated, liberal democracy and Western values have appeared. The issue of the possibility of reviving the ideas of neo-Malthusianism is raised as a discussion problem. The article concludes by emphasizing the need to reorganize the entire world economic system of relations, which has shown the full depth of internal contradictions.
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Cleminson, Richard. "Anarchists for health: Spanish anarchism and health reform in the 1930s. Part I: Anarchism, neo-malthusianism, eugenics and concepts of health." Health Care Analysis 3, no. 1 (February 1995): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02197195.
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Afanasenko, Yana A. "Philosophical aspects of digitalization of education: «anti-digitalization» approach." Вестник Пермского университета. Философия. Психология. Социология, no. 4 (2023): 517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2023-4-517-526.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of digitalization of education from the perspective of the «antidigitalisation» approach. The aim of the study is to identify and discuss the problematic philosophical context specific to the «anti-digitalization» approach. The author believes that this approach should be based on the interpretation of digitalization as a tool for destroying the essence of man, as a result of which he can no longer reproduce either himself or the conditions of his existence. Intellectual labor is being replaced by gamification, entertainment, thinking is de-rationalized, and the phenomenon of «digital dementia» is spreading. In turn, speech activity, communication are reduced to interaction with and subordination to machine algorithms, which leads to desocialization. The paper shows the relationship between the contemporary form of digitalization and Neo-Malthusianism and transhumanism as well as the outdated approaches of mechanistic materialism and metaphysical thinking. What becomes the educational problem in the context of digitalization is the destruction of the traditional system of education and pedagogy, the turning of education into a simulacrum, and of its participants — into algorithm-driven objects. In the author’s opinion, the way out of this crisis situation is possible only with a new reception of the Soviet experience in the field of education and the humanistic heritage of the past.
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Queluz, Gilson. "Evolutionist conception in the series La lucha por la vida [The struggle for life] from anarchist journal Estudios (1936)." Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science 20 (December 14, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2017v20;p1-17.
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The present study intends to analyze some imagistic strategies used to formulate a conception of science and technology in the anarchist journal Estudios, published in Valencia, Spain, from 1928 to 1937. This journal was the most successful anarchist editorial experience of the period, and encompassed topics as disparate and controversial as: naturalist medicine, sex education, neo-Malthusianism, scientific and technological divulgation, eugenics, pacifism, anticlericalism, feminism, literature and arts, among others. For Javier Navarro, this editorial line was in accordance with an anti-dogmatic eclecticism, the libertarian tradition of autodidacticism and the intention to disseminate and establish an emancipatory culture that would lead to a possibility of a society alternative to capitalism. In this regard, the journal, according to Xavier Diez, continued and gave new meanings to the anarchist tradition of reverence of science and technical progress, especially in biology. We briefly describe some of the main sections of the journal and its graphic design, especially for the phase in which graphic artists Manuel Moleón and Josep Renau collaborated, from 1931 onwards. We gave greater emphasis to the analysis of La lucha por la vida [The struggle for life] series, published from February through September 1936, within the context of the Spanish Civil War, in which evolutionary theory was summarized in short texts, illustrated by Renau and which occupied one full page. We discuss how the relationship between text and image constituted different layers of meaning on evolutionism in its imbrication with human development via science, technique, philosophy and art.
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RECTENWALD, MICHAEL. "Secularism and the cultures of nineteenth-century scientific naturalism." British Journal for the History of Science 46, no. 2 (August 31, 2012): 231–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087412000738.
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AbstractThis essay examines Secularism as developed by George Jacob Holyoake in 1851–1852. While historians have noted the importance of evolutionary thought for freethinking radicals from the 1840s, and others have traced the popularization of agnosticism and Darwinian evolution by later Victorian freethinkers, insufficient attention has been paid to mid-century Secularism as constitutive of the cultural and intellectual environment necessary for the promotion and relative success of scientific naturalism. I argue that Secularism was a significant source for the emerging new creed of scientific naturalism in the mid-nineteenth century. Not only did early Secularism help clear the way by fighting battles with the state and religious interlocutors, but it also served as a source for what Huxley, almost twenty years later, termed ‘agnosticism’. Holyoake modified freethought in the early 1850s, as he forged connections with middle-class literary radicals and budding scientific naturalists, some of whom met in a ‘Confidential Combination’ of freethinkers. Secularism became the new creed for this coterie. Later, Secularism promoted and received reciprocal support from the most prominent group of scientific naturalists, as Holyoake used Bradlaugh's atheism and neo-Malthusianism as a foil, and maintained relations with Huxley, Spencer and Tyndall through the end of the century. In Holyoake's Secularism we find the beginnings of the mutation of radical infidelity into the respectability necessary for the acceptance of scientific naturalism, and also the distancing of later forms of infidelity incompatible with it. Holyoake's Secularism represents an important early stage of scientific naturalism.
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Boskholov, Sergey, Aleksandr Mironov, and Tatyana Sudakova. "Criminological Assessment of the Results of Mathematical Modeling of the Dynamics of Changes in the Population Ssize and Criticism of the Criminal Ideas of Neo-Malthusianism." Russian Journal of Criminology 13, no. 5 (October 31, 2019): 727–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2019.13(5).727-739.
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The main task of this work is to examine and critically analyze an alternative solution to the old problem, formulated and mathematically substantiated by an English scholar and economist Thomas Malthus. The essence of the problem is the unlimited exponential growth of the Earth’s population over time. This hypothesis, in spite of abundant criticism, has now gained the status of an undisputed theory whose significance equals that of Newton’s laws. Th. Malthus claimed that the progress of humanity is determined by the natural ability of the Earth to support the lives of a certain number of people, and after a certain threshold the limited natural resources will be depleted. Hence the necessity to contain the population growth within the limits of depleting natural resources. The theoretical views of Malthus gave rise to the racist theory of «the golden billion», used by the world oligarchy to gain the support of the most industrially developed countries (the so-called golden triangle) and to use this support to ensure their dominance in the world. To expose such criminal theories, which are dangerous for the humanity, the authors present a mathematical modeling of the dynamics of changes in the population size, whose results are then used for the criminological assessment of these theories. Mathematical modeling made it possible, for the first time, to show the complete irrelevance of the basic premise of the Malthusian theory regarding the exponential growth of the world’s population from the standpoint of science. The authors think that this conclusion is of great scientific and practical value for criminological mathematics as a subtheory of criminology. It allowed them to conduct a criminological assessment of the views of neo-malthusians that are most dangerous for the global security as they continue to serve the interests of globalism.
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Bonasera, Jacopo. "‘Green’ Malthus? A Bibliographical Itinerary between neo-Malthusianism and Environmentalism." Storicamente 18, no. 2022 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.52056/9791254691984/11.
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This contribution presents a bibliographical itinerary on Twentieth century environmental revival of Malthusian doctrines. After introducing both the main conceptual strains inherent to the topic, and their scientific interest the essay takes into consideration the Post-WWII emergence of global environmentalism. A survey of the texts of 1960s and 1970s exponents of Neo-Malthusian environmentalism shows the important role played by this tradition of thought in shaping environmental concerns on both the scientific and the governmental level. The itinerary ends with an analysis of the main authors and strains of enquiry that have assessed the historical and conceptual relevance of Neo-Malthusian environmentalism. It is argued that more researches into Malthus’ legacy over time could grant significant theoretical gains both for the history of political thought, and its entanglments with the history of environmentalism.
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Shew, Tania. "Women's Suffrage, Political Economy, and the Transatlantic Birth Strike Movement, 1911–1920." Historical Journal, December 19, 2022, 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x22000334.
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Abstract The first two decades of the twentieth century saw the development of a meaningful transnational movement to employ birth strikes in the fight for women's rights. In an Anglo-American context, this movement was intimately tied to the women's suffrage campaign. It was led by a network of suffragists, Neo-Malthusians, and birth control campaigners who shared literary and personal ties which allowed their ideas to criss-cross the Atlantic between 1911 and 1920. Although the transatlantic birth strike was never implemented on a significant scale, explaining its almost total absence within existing historiography, this article uses a gendered intellectual history framework to piece together the ideas behind the movement which, the article argues, disrupt established understanding of Neo-Malthusianism and socialist-feminism within intellectual histories. Support for birth striking was predicated on faith in the power of working-class collective action, scrutiny of the economic exploitation of both productive and ‘reproductive’ workers, and a corresponding mistrust in the efficacy of state involvement with these issues. The birth strikers wove together strands from collectivist, individualist, socialist, and feminist thought, undermining traditional historiographical depictions of binaries between socialism and suffragism and collectivism and individualism in early twentieth-century political thought.
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Afanasenko, Yana A., and Tatyana G. Chernova. "Expanding Human Rights and Freedoms or Its Dehumanization?" Общество: философия, история, культура, no. 5 (May 22, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/fik.2024.5.7.
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The article delves into the analysis of the “8 March Principles” presented by the International Commission of Jurists together with UNAIDS and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights as a set of legal principles that decriminalize behavior in the field of sex, drug use, HIV, sexual and reproductive health, homelessness and poverty. Utilizing ostensibly civilized forms, these principles serve the Malthusian idea of population reduction (“corruption clothed in legal forms”, Malthus’s term), with law being no exception. However, while in traditional contexts, “dissolute living” (Malthus’s term) like marriage, contributes to population growth, emphasizing the need for chastity among the lower classes, neo-Malthusianism normalizes debauchery, indeed leading to population reduction. The aim of this article is to identify the dehumanizing content, reducing humans from social subjects to biological objects. The study’s subject encompasses dehumanizing conditions reflected in the “March 8 Principles” including the destruction of family, cultural, familial-role, gender, and sexual identities; legalization of drugs and pedophilia, prostitution, and begging as forms of commercial activity; as well as the destruction of culture. The methodological basis of this research is dialectical materialism. In scrutinizing the “March 8 Principles”, this study highlights the dichotomy between the purported expansion of human rights and the underlying trend towards dehumanization. By elucidating how these principles relegate individuals from social subjects to biological one, the research underscores the erosion of fundamental societal structures and cultural values. As such, it prompts critical reflection on the broader implications of legal frameworks ostensibly designed to promote human rights. Through the lens of dialectical materialism, this analysis provides valuable insights into the complexities of modern legal and socio-cultural dynamics, inviting further scholarly inquiry into the intersection of law, morality, and human dignity.
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Ivanov, Sergey. "Determinants and Consequences of Population Trends in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of the Institute for African Studies, December 1, 2020, 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2020-53-4-55-76.
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During the universal demographic transition, the traditional type of population reproduction, characterized by high mortality and high fertility, is transformed into a type of reproduction in which both components are at a low level. The demographic transition is not taking place in a social vacuum, but under the influence of many social factors, including the growth of education and economic development. Reducing child mortality is a sine qua non for changing reproductive behavior. Declines in mortality and fertility are usually separated by long periods when population growth is accelerating. The population explosion is fading away in most countries of Asia and Latin America because they have passed the main part of the demographic transition. In Africa, the decline in child mortality began later and is still in the incipient phase. As a result, fertility, although declining in recent decades in most countries, is declining slowly and remains high. The region as a whole is in the early stage of the demographic transition: the population is growing rapidly and it is not expected to stabilize until the end of the century. Most of the economic and social consequences of rapid population growth are negative. Their conceptualization takes place within the framework of the neo-Malthusian paradigm, which made it possible to substantiate demographic policy based on family planning programs that have proven their effectiveness in different regions of the world. The negative, and sometimes disastrous, consequences of rapid population growth are particularly pronounced in Africa. Anti-Malthusianism is less inclined towards scientific argumentation, and its main goal is not pragmatic solutions to problems, but ideological proclamations, although some anti-Malthusian concepts have positive potential. The concept of the demographic dividend, developed in recent decades, makes it possible to remove the contradictions between two opposing paradigms, since it shifts the emphasis from the negative consequences of rapid population growth to the positive consequences of changes in the population age structure during the demographic transition. The demographic transition in Africa needs to be accelerated, and policies are able to do this without relying on the impractical assumptions of fast economic growth. Three interrelated factors are critical: development of education, radical reduction in child mortality and strengthening of family planning programs.
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Di Pietro, Maria Luisa. "La questione demografica e il pensiero di Giovanni Paolo II." Medicina e Morale 56, no. 5 (October 30, 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2007.307.
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L’articolo offre una sintesi dell’insegnamento di Giovanni Paolo II sulla cosiddetta “questione demografica”, che si presenta con scenari differenti nelle diverse parti del mondo. Nei Paesi ricchi si registra, infatti, un preoccupante calo delle nascite, mentre nei Paesi poveri si assiste all’aumento della popolazione, il che appare non compatibile con le frequenti condizioni di sottosviluppo. Da qui il riferimento alle note teorie maltusiane e alla loro riformulazione da parte del neomalthusianesimo, dell’organicismo e dell’ecologismo, che propongono come soluzione il controllo delle nascite. Non esistendo, però, una reale e insanabile sproporzione tra crescita della popolazione e disponibilità delle risorse, le politiche antinataliste appaiono più che una scelta razionale, un escamotage per risolvere problemi ben diversi come ad esempio le politiche economiche di molti Paesi ricchi. La vera causa del sottosviluppo va, infatti, ricercata nella mancanza di equità nell’accesso alle risorse. Ed anche qualora si provasse che la crescita della popolazione è la causa del sottosviluppo, il rispetto della dignità e del valore incondizionato e inalienabile che si deve a ogni persona rende moralmente inaccettabile il ricorso a qualsiasi mezzo per il contenimento delle nascite (come la contraccezione, la sterilizzazione o l’aborto) o la loro imposizione da parte delle politiche governative. ---------- The article aims to offer a synthesis of John Paul II’s teaching about the so-called “demographic matter”, present in different way in the various parts of the world. Rich and advanced Countries see a fall in the births; instead, poor Countries see an increase in the population, which is not easily tolerable in a context of underdevelopment. The idea of the Malthusian theory and its reformulation now that point by the neo-Malthusianism, the Organicism and the Environmentalism, that intent “to resolve” the demographic matter by birth control. Because of there is not an effective gap between population growth and resources availability, anti-birth policies, therefore, seem to be an escamotage to resolve different problems that, otherwise, would debate economic policies in many rich Countries instead of a choice imposed by rationality. In fact, the true reason of underdevelopment must be found in the lack of equity in resources access. But, even if underdevelopment be proved by population growth, respect for human dignity makes morally unjustifiable any means for births control (as contraception, sterilization or abortion) or their imposition by government policies.