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Bergstedt, Märta-Lena. "Stridsyxor eller båtyxor : En diskussion om symboliken och dess betydelse." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för historia och samtidsstudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-18662.
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My intention with this paper is to try to understand the meaning of the double sex symbols which can be identified on a number of Neolithic so called battle axes from the region round the lake Mälaren in Sweden. My conclusions are drawn after having studied a number of archaeological thesises. I have realized that the society was egalitarian from what is said about the funeral habits since women and men were buried with the same care. Ceramics from the Skogsmossen site show a very long continuity over 15-20 generations. These facts indicate a peaceful society without traumatic breaks where knowledge would have been lost. The fingerprints produced on the ceramics are those of women, since they do not seem to fit with the hands of men. Women are by this fact persumed to be the producers of ceramics. In early and primitive farming digging sticks were used, often with a weight. My conclusion is that the boat axe can be a magic tool used on the digging sticks. We have to understand the boat axes as spiritual helpers to fruitful and fertile success.
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Maffi, Maria. "Componenti culturali nei siti neolitici emiliani tra Neolitico Recente e Finale." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20053.
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La période examinée dans la recherche est un des rares moments de la préhistoire italienne où les traces archéologiques permettent d’identifier l’arrivée de groupes allochtones concomitamment à la désagrégation d’un monde indigène de tradition ancienne. Les travaux concernant cette phase du Néolithique italien se réfèrent principalement aux observations de Bagolini (Bagolini et Biagi, 1987; Bagolini, 1998), reprises par plusieurs auteurs (par exemple Barfield et alii 2000), qui présentent un tableau très multiforme de l’Italie du nord, créé par l’interaction entre les peuples indigènes, relevant de la Culture des Vases à Bouche Carrée (« VBQ ») (chapitre 1), et ceux du Chasséen (Chapitre 2), venant de la France actuelle, en plus des apports des Alpes du nord, qui acquirent un poids croissant au fil du temps. La rencontre, qui s’effectua dans chaque région d’une façon et dans des temps différents entre le milieu du Ve et le milieu du IVe millénaire avant J.C., semble s’être produite par des voies côtières et transalpines en raison surtout des échanges de matières premières (pierres vertes, obsidienne, silex), mais aussi à cause de certaines compétences technologiques. Au même moment, dans le monde Chasséen dont la variabilité diachronique et spatiale est bien connue (Vaquer, 1990; Beeching, 1995, 2002; Sargiano et alii 2010), on a aussi identifié des spécificités régionales de plus en plus marquées, qui révèlent un modèle de diffusion complexe, et dont on doit tenir compte également pour comprendre les phénomènes italiens (chapitre 2). Donc, si le cadre de référence proposé par Bagolini dans les années ‘80 reste grosso modo acceptable, le développement du débat culturel, les découvertes récentes et l'étude des nouveaux sites réalisée dans ce travail de Thèse, devraient nous permettre d‘enrichir la documentation de référence et de préciser l’éventail des rapports entre la population indigène et les gens qui venait d’ailleurs. L’interprétation de ces nouvelles interactions peut donner la possibilité d’expliquer les grands changements culturels dans le Néolithique occidental dans la première moitié du IVe millénaire, produisant des expériences dans lesquelles on distingue aujourd’hui surtout des signes de discontinuité avec les traditions précédentes (Ferrari et alii 2002) (Chapitre 7-8). L’Emilie, à en juger depuis les données disponibles sur les sites du Néolithique récent et final (chapitre 4-7), représente un carrefour de tous les apports directs et indirects cités ci-dessus. La preuve en est la variabilité culturelle bien marquée que l’on constate entre les sites, même quand ils se trouvent géographiquement rapprochés. Cette variabilité est due soit à l’entrecroisement de traditions culturelles complexes, soit aux différences chronologiques, en considérations des très rapides changements qui caractérisent l’époque considérée (Bagolini, 1981). L’Emilie représente, donc, un territoire privilégié d’observation pour évaluer les modalités de rencontre entre les divers groupes humains qui ont interagi en Italie septentrionales pendant la période examinée. Les contextes de l’Emilie faisant objet de cette recherche sont les sites, inédit et publié, dans les provinces de Piacenza, Parme et Reggio Emilia, chronologiquement attribuables aux derniers siècles du cinquième millénaire et la première moitié du quatrième BC cal. En particulier Sant’Andrea di Travo (Chapitre 5), Le Mose (chapitre 4) et Vignola (chapitre 7) dans le département de Plaisance, Botteghino (Chapitre 6) e Vighi (chapitre 7) à Parma et S.Ilario d'Enza (chapitre 7) dans la province de Reggio Emilia. L'étude s'est concentrée sur l'analyse des industries céramiques, à la fois d'un point de vue typologique et technologique (chapitre 3) afin d'essayer de mieux définir la chronologie des différents sites.The period under review is one of the few moments of Italian prehistory in which the archaeological record permits determination of the arrival of foreign-born groups in conjunction with the disintegration of an indigenous world of ancient tradition. Studies related to this phase of the Neolithic mainly refer to the observations of Bagolini (Bagolini and Biagi 1987; Bagolini 1998) taken from various other authors (Barfield et al 2000), which outline a framework for northern Italy multifaceted , created by the interaction between the people of the local culture of Square Mouth Pottery and people of culture Chassey from France, as well as by contributions from the North Alpine acquiring increasing importance over time (Chapter 1). The meeting, which took place from area to area at different times and different ways between half V millennium and half IV millennium BC, seems to have produced along the coastal and transalpine paths especially related to the exchange of raw materials (green stones, obsidian, flint), but also of technological expertise.In reading these new interactions, therefore, is the ability to explain the crisis in the world of Western culture in the first half of the fourth millennium, whose disintegration develop experiences in which today stand out above all the traits of discontinuity with the earlier traditions (various Authors in Ferrari et al 2002a).The Emilia is a crossroads of all the direct and indirect contributions to the circles mentioned above. This is demonstrated by the marked variability observed in cultural sites are also close, attributed mainly to differences in chronological (Bagolini 1981), but also resulting complex interweaving of cultural routes.This region is therefore an area for privileged observation to assess how to meet, including conflict, interaction and assimilation between different human groups that have settled or still have covered the territory in the period under review. If the reference framework outlined by Bagolini in the 80s remains roughly shared, the development of the cultural debate, the recent discoveries in the study of the sites proposed by Emilian this PhD work will allow further information and updatesThe contexts Emilia object of this work are those published and unpublished due to the last centuries of the fifth millennium BC and the early fourth cal. In detail it is the site of S. Andrea in Travo (Chapter 5) and Le Mose in Piacenza (Chapter 4), Vignola Fiorenzuola (chapter 7), Box Office (Chapter 6) and Vighi and Parma (Chapter 7), S.ILARIO d'Enza (Reggio Emilia) (Chapter 7).The study focused on the analysis of the ceramic industry, from the point of view of both technological and typological (Chapter 3), in order to better define the internal chronology of the different sites.From this analysis were in fact identified a number of representative types, for which it has been proposed a relative chronology useful in order to reconstruct a chronological framework to realize the variability observed in Emilia at the turn of the fifth millennium BC.In this reading, the sites of Travo and Le Mose proved to be the most useful in the construction of this trial-type first of all because it is multi-staged sites. The study of the stratigraphy of Travo and Le Mose of the different settlement phases from the VBQ I to Late Neolithic, in fact, has provided important data for the evaluation of the different diachronic cultural indicators
Il periodo in esame è uno dei pochi momenti della preistoria italiana in cui il record archeologico consenta di individuare l’arrivo di gruppi alloctoni in concomitanza con la disgregazione di un mondo indigeno di antica tradizione. I lavori relativi a questa fase del Neolitico fanno principalmente riferimento alle osservazioni di Bagolini (Bagolini e Biagi 1987; Bagolini 1998) riprese da vari altri autori (ad es. Barfield et alii 2000), che delineano per l’Italia settentrionale un quadro molto sfaccettato, creato dall’interazione tra la gente della locale Cultura dei Vasi a Bocca Quadrata e genti di cultura Chassey provenienti dall’attuale Francia, oltre che dagli apporti nord alpini che acquisiscono peso crescente nel tempo (Capitolo 1). L’incontro, verificatosi di zona in zona in tempi e modi diversi tra metà V e metà IV millennio a.C., sembra essersi prodotto lungo le vie costiere e transalpine legate soprattutto allo scambio di materie prime (pietre verdi, ossidiana, selce), ma anche di competenze tecnologiche.Nella lettura di queste nuove interazioni, quindi, sta la possibilità di spiegare la crisi del mondo di cultura occidentale nella prima metà del IV millennio, dalla cui disgregazione si sviluppano esperienze in cui oggi si distinguono soprattutto i tratti di discontinuità con le tradizioni precedenti (vari Autori in Ferrari et alii 2002a). L’Emilia, rappresenta un crocevia di tutti gli apporti diretti e indiretti dagli ambienti citati sopra. Lo dimostra la marcata variabilità culturale riscontrata in siti anche vicini, attribuita principalmente a differenze cronologiche (Bagolini 1981), ma anche derivante dall’intreccio di percorsi culturali complessi. Questa regione rappresenta quindi un’areale privilegiato di osservazione per valutare le modalità di incontro, tra conflittualità, interazione ed assimilazione, tra i diversi gruppi umani che si sono stanziati o hanno comunque interessato il territorio nel periodo in esame.Se il quadro di riferimento delineato da Bagolini negli anni ‘80 rimane a grandi linee condivisibile, lo sviluppo del dibattito culturale, i rinvenimenti recenti e lo studio dei siti emiliani proposto da questo lavoro di dottorato ne permettono approfondimenti ed aggiornamenti. Ad esempio, nello stesso mondo Chassey, di cui era già nota la variabilità diacronica e spaziale (Vaquer 1990, 2002; Beeching 1995, 2002), sono oggi individuate specifiche regionali sempre più marcate, che rivelano una matrice di diffusione nei territori italiani sempre più frazionata (Capitolo 2). I contesti emiliani oggetto di questo lavoro sono quelli inediti ed editi riconducibili agli ultimi secoli del V millennio ed ai primi del IV BC cal. In dettaglio si tratta del sito di S:Andrea a Travo (capitolo 5) e Le Mose a Piacenza (capitolo 4), Vignola a Fiorenzuola (capitolo 7), Botteghino (capitolo 6) e Vighi e Parma (capitolo7), S.ILario d'Enza (Reggio Emilia) (capitolo 7). Lo studio si è concentrato sulla'analisi dell'industria ceramica, da un punto di vista sia tecnologico che tipologico (capitolo 3), al fine di poter meglio definire la cronologia interna dei diversi siti. A partire da quest'analisi sono stati infatti identificati un certo numero di tipi rappresentativi, per i quali è stata proposta una cronolgia relativa utile per poi ricostruire un quadro cronologico che rendesse conto della variabilità riscontrata nell'areale emiliano nel periodo a cavallo del V millennio. In questa chiave di lettura, i siti di Travo e Le Mose si sono rivelati quelli più utili nella costruzione di questa crono-tipologia inanzitutto poichè si tratta di siti plurifase. Lo studio della stratigrafia verticale a Travo ed orizzontale a Le Mose delle diverse fasi insediative dal vbq I al Neolitico finale, ha fornito infatti dati importanti per la valutazione diacronica dei diversi indicatori culturali
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Petra, Gardell. "Kulturlandskapet i Falbygdens neolitikum." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323815.
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This essay will study the cultural landscape in Falbygden during the Neolithic, focusing on the limestone plateau northeast of Mösseberg. The megalithic tombs have since long characterized the landscape and therefore been important to many cultures that have inhabited the area. By constructing the landscape the social actions can be interpreted and therefore a further understanding of why the environment is shaped the way it is. This will be achieved by comparing earlier interpretations of the megalithic landscape with possible settlement locations. Three possible settlements have been located in the landscape using this technique and by applying similar techniques more extensive mapping of the Neolithic settlements can be applied in the area.
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Spång, Lars Göran. "Fångstsamhälle i handelssystem : Åsele lappmark neolitikum - bronsålder." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-134591.
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This thesis is an attempt to explain economic and cultural changes during the Neolithic and Bronze Agefocusing on Asele Lappmark in Northern Sweden. The transitions are apparent in changing lithic technology,settlement structure traditions, land-uje patterning and the introduction of metallurgy. The subsistenceeconomy remained dependent on, fishing, hunting and gathering. Hunters and gatherers, however, becameinvolved in fur-trading and other resource-supplying exchange networks.This economy for trade, became so dominant that optimising models normally applied to huntergatherereconomies, are inapplicable. Instead explanations should be sought among a variety of economicworld-systems where hunter-gatherer sub-systems are included. In Asele Lappmark subsistence during theNeolithic was dependent on moose and beaver hunting. During the Bronze Age moose were still hunted butreindeer became more important and evidendy trade-networks were being established.Winter sites were moved to the main river routes, previously used as summer meeting-grounds. Thislocalisation is probably an effect of the increasing importance of trade. Reindeer herding is suggested tohave developed during the Bronze Age as the inland population took advantage of their geographicalknowledge and possession, and developed a middleman-function in an exchange network.These trade activities called for a means of transportation of trade goods across the mountains of theScandinavian peninsula, and one important role of reindeer in this context was as a beast of burden.Metallurgical knowledge is evident from the finds of moulds and crucibles for bronze-casting. The relativelyscanty evidence, however, suggests that bronze was not major trade-item, but that craftsmanship was importantto ri tually maintain cultural identity between trading groups.digitalisering@umu
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Nylander, André. "Odling och betesdrift i Örnsköldsvik under neolitikum och äldre bronsåldern." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-173358.
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The aim of this paper is to find where the earliest signs of farming are located in the municipality of Örnsköldsvik and to see if typical artefacts ascribed to farming societies are represented in that area. The study focuses especially on Neolithic and Bronze Age periods. Literature on early farming in this area was utilized as well as archaeological reports from sites with noted signs of Neolithic and Bronze Age farming. A spatial examination of previously collected material eg. pollen analysis, artefacts and excavated sites are presented using a combination of maps. The relationship between soils and artefacts is also examined. Issues concerning why, how and what type of farming was practiced as well as by whom and where is also discussed.
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Bersani, Monica. "Il vaso antropomorfo nel Neolitico: origine, funzione e significato." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/243641.
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This research deals with the phenomenon of anthropomorphic vessels between the 7th and the beginning of the 5th millennium BC in a vast area that includes the Italian peninsula with Sicily, Central Europe, the Balkans and the Near East. The survey concerned 927 specimens from 229 sites. The formal analysis of the artifacts belonging to the cultures attested between Mesopotamia and the Rhine river allowed to establish the times and vectors of diffusion of this tradition before its arrival in Italy, as well as to hypothesize the connections that have transmitted the tradition of the anthropomorphic vessel to the Neolithic farming communities in the south-east of southern Italy. The study of Italian finds has led to the recognition of four main areas affected by the phenomenon and has allowed us to define their styles. An important part of the study was the examination of the archaeological contexts of the finds, in order to understand the possible spheres of use. In particular, the research allowed us to highlight the frequent and widespread presence of the anthropomorphic vessel in waste pits together with a series of symbolic objects: a constant presence and therefore not random, which is a hint of deliberate deposition of selected materials. This circumstance suggests that the anthropomorphic vessel belongs to a set of objects of ritual use and that the Neolithic refuse pit, contrary to what is generally believed, should be interpreted also as places of performative activity.
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Andersson, Emelie. "Trattbägarkeramiken och dess ritualer : En studie av keramikhanteringen vid megalitgravar i Sydskandinavien under neolitikum." Thesis, University of Kalmar, University of Kalmar, University of Kalmar, University of Kalmar, School of Human Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-1019.
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This essay studies the funnel-beaker ceramic in connection with the megalith graves in South Scandinavia. In my work I have described the nature of ceramics and looked on the crockery types and ornamentation and then discussed the use of the material in a ritual perspective. In the first part I have focused on the critical aspects you have to think about when you do a study like this one. In the second part of this essay I have done a case study, with the ceramic material, in three passages graves in the area of Falbygden, Western Sweden and studied the ceramic material and the nature of it in South Scandinavia as well. Then in the third I discussed the potential use, there is two, of the ceramic material in general of South Scandinavia and looked at it in a ritual perspective.
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Lundén, Amanda. "Mysteriet med de spridda människobenen på Ajvide, Gotland : en studie om olika gravskick samt begravningsritualer under neolitikum." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1477.
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This essay includes an osteological analysis on the 1122 scattered human remains from The Pitted Ware culture site at Ajvide, Gotland. The scattered human remains have been found in the cultural layers, during archeological excavations at Ajvide between the years 1983-1987 and 1992-2009, where a burial ground was discovered. During the excavations, 85 skeletons graves were found, with complete and incomplete skeletons of 87 individuals. But aside from the graves, scattered human bones were discovered at The Pitted Ware culture site. One of the aims of the essay was to examine the bone material of the scattered human remains, and to determine whether this could possibly be a different type of burial custom than the skeletons graves. The possibilities if the scattered human bones could belong to the graves with incomplete skeletons or if the fragmentary human bones could be part of some type of funerary rituals were also discussed. A literature study of geographical comparisons was made about other Stone Age excavations sites in Gotland and on the Swedish mainland, where human scattered remains have been found as well. Another aim was to compile all the data on the human bone material from Ajvide and to explain the difficulties concerning the subject, since this phenomenon has rarely been discussed or documented. This essay was an attempt to try to uncover the secret about the scattered human remains.Neolitiska livstilar
Hälsa genom tiderna
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G, Eriksson Mats. "NIR-spektroskopi i arkeologisk kontext : En tvärvetenskaplig studie av neolitikum och bronsålder i Västerbottens skogs och förfjällsområde." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-140153.
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Abstract. The goal of this case study is to further the understanding of the social and economic structure, such as trade routes and/or prehistoric man’s movement, during prehistory in the inland of Västerbotten, Sweden. This is achieved by studying the sets of lithic tools found in six archaeological sites (RAÄ 977:1 Vilhelmina, RAÄ 553:1 Vilhelmina, RAÄ 132:1 Vilhelmina, RAÄ 519:1 Vilhelmina, RAÄ 399:1 Vilhelmina och RAÄ 129:1 Åsele) using NIR-spectroscopic (Near InfraRed-spectroscopy), statistical and archaeological methods. By using PCA-models (Principal Component Analysis-models) and the classification method SIMCA (Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogies) on NIR-spectroscopic data collected over the course of this study, it was possible to show signs that prehistoric man in the studied area, might have deposited quartzite materials, not naturally occurring at the RAÄ 519:1 Vilhelmina, Sweden, site. Four geographic areas (the vicinity of the sea Vojm, the North and South part of the sea Malgomaj and the vicinity of the Southwest part of the Ångerman river in the studied area) could also be shown to display distinct patterns in the PCA-models, related to the use of particular combinations of quartzites. These findings lead to the conclusion that prehistoric man in this area, typically used locally available materials for toolmaking. Furthermore, this study resulted in a large NIR-spectroscopic dataset from the archaeological sites that makes up the main material for this study, that may be beneficial to future NIR-spectroscopic studies in archaeology and/or further studies of NIR-spectroscopy applied to lithic materials.
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Terbrant, Säfström Simon. "Stor eller liten, orörd eller sliten? : En vetenskaplig studie om båtformade stridsyxor i Västergötland." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-125666.
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This bachelor thesis is based on a material of 45 battle axes from The Swedish History Museum, both miniature axes and regular boat axes from the middle Neolithic era. The geographical demarcation is the province of Västergötland in Sweden. The aim of the study is to analyze the axes, mainly morphologically and size-wise, to try to understand and define miniature axes in comparison to the regular boat axes. Another intention is to try to reveal if there are any differences between the miniatures and the regular axes regarding importance and function of the axes. The result is presented by dint of several tables of measures and attributes of all the axes as well as numerous scatter plots and pie charts showing physical attributes and signs of use of the axes in question. The results show for instance that miniature axes more often than not are sloppily made and more well-worn compared to the regular boat axes. According to the study this might have to do with the probability of the miniature axes being made for children.
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González, Quintero Pedro. "La cerámica de la cueva de El Toro y la secuencia del neolitico malagueño." La Laguna : Universidad de La Laguna, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37727529r.
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Andersson, Fredrik. "Ajvide : begravningsentreprenad och sälklubbning." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-804.
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The aim of this study has been to see what the Ajvide location and its surroundings mighthave been used as. The author is going to compare a couple of sites, Stora Förvar, Snausarve, Bjerges and Ajvide, and see if these sites might have some connection to each other. Thesesites are going to be studied and see what they might have been used as, maybe a burialground or a settlement.
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Edlund, Jim. "Främmande föremål: Flinta i norra Sverige." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-187040.
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Throughout the course of history flint has been used in Sweden. However, flint does not naturally occur in the northern parts of the country. Yet flint has been discovered in the North.This is the result of humans transporting the material from southern most Scandinavia and/or from south-eastern Karelia. This begs the question, which way did the flint travel to northern Sweden? This paper aims to try to answer this question by analyzing the distribution and concentration of flint that has been found in the Swedish counties of Norrbotten,Västerbotten, Västernorrland and Jämtland. To do this it is first necessary to gather information regarding finds of flint. This is the first task of this paper. Its second task is to analyze this information using Qgis, with its associated tools, to create maps showing the distribution and concentration of flint. It has also been assumed that the modes of contact might have changed over time, therefore additional maps were created showing the distribution of flint from two different periods. The paper's third and final task, through theuse of the maps, is to suggest and discuss possible ways of contact that allowed flint to find its way into northern Sweden. It has been observed that the flint is not distributed evenly across the North and that there are certain areas with higher concentrations of flint. It has also been noted that the distribution of flint from two distinct time periods have dissimilar distribution patterns suggesting different modes of contact.
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Bergstedt, Mikaela. "Den svarta jordens mysterier : en jämförande studie av två aktivitetsytor på stenåldersboplatsen Ajvide." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1533.
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The Pitted ware dwelling site Ajvide on the west coast of Gotland in the Baltic Sea is, because of its long continuity from the late Mesolithic to the middle of the Scandinavian Bronze Age, an interesting research object concerning Stone Age in the Baltic area. In this essay, a comparison between two activity areas on Ajvide have been carried out in the purpose of finding out what these areas may have been used for during the middle Neolithic. It has been showed, through zooarchaeological analyses of animal bones, that the areas most likely are depositing sites for slaughters refuse and food debris. If it is a result of everyday or more ceremonial activities is left undetermined.
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Eriksson, Samuel. "Den livgivande elden och det livsviktiga bränslet : Bruket av eld och behovet av bränsle på mesolitiska och tidigneolitiska boplatser i Norrland." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-103237.
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Research on Stone Age hunters and gatherers in Norrland has been lively since the 1960s. Central to this research are questions about the organization of society, sedentariness, continuity and resource management. One central part of life in the taiga is the need for fire and fuel. This aspect has been little discussed in conjunction with the mentioned research questions. My goal is to show that the matter of fire and fuel is an important one that needs to be taken in to consideration when discussing Stone Age Norrland and hunter/gatherers. The questions concerns fuel consumption and requirement, the amount of available fuel, the impact these factors may have had on settlement patterns and continuity and the possible ways in which we could proceed to study this subject further. The material consists of ethnographic records, forestry research on old-growth forests, archaeological and environmental archaeological material, experimental research on fuel consumption and records of traditional Sami fire techniques. With this information I have constructed a number of cases, not with the goal of gaining any conclusive answers but rather to discuss different factors and implications the use of fire and need for fuel could have had and how those may connect to the present archaeological record. Lastly I have looked at the possibility of further research, the material and methods that will allow researchers to approach these questions in further depth.
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Carra, Marialetizia <1974>. "Per una storia della cerealicoltura in Italia settentrionale dal Neolitico all’Età del Ferro: strategie adattive e condizionamenti ambientali." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5076/.
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Il presente elaborato si occupa della storia della cerealicoltura in un percorso diacronico dal
Neolitico all’Età del Ferro. Sono presentate le analisi carpologiche di 14 siti archeologici dell’Italia
settentrionale, esaminati secondo le più moderne tecniche di indagine archeobotanica.The present study deals with the history of agriculture in a diachronic course from the Neolithic to the Iron Age. 14 studies of archaeological sites in northern Italy are presented, examined according to the most modern techniques of archaeobotanical investigation.
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Gabriele, Marzia. "La circolazione delle ceramiche del Neolitico nel medio e alto Tirreno e nell’area ligure-provenzale : Studi di provenienza." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE2052.
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Les régions de la moyenne et haute Tyrrhénienne, la Ligurie et la Provence ont connu pendant le VIème millénaire BCE d’intenses activités maritimes et d’échange, dans le contexte de la néolithisation de la Méditerranée occidentale et intimement liées à l'exploitation et à la circulation des matières premières telles que l'obsidienne, le silex et les roches vertes; dans ce contexte, la définition de la circulation céramique constitue évidement un point central pour la compréhension des rapports économiques et culturels entre les différents groupes néolithiques.Afin de contribuer à la recherche sur le complexe culturel du Néolithique ancien de la zone considérée, nous avons abordé les échanges et les interactions possibles entre les différents groupes grâce à la caractérisation de la matière première des productions céramiques, leur origine et leur diffusion. Notre méthodologie est fondée sur l'analyse pétrographique (microscope stéréoscopique et/ou microscope optique) des matériaux céramiques de certains des principaux sites du techno-complexe Impressa-Cardial afin de déterminer les potentielles zones d'origine des matières premières et les choix techniques de production, par la confrontation des données de géo-ressources et des céramiques archéologiques.Sur la base des résultats d’analyses obtenus, nous avons essayé de définir les productions céramiques et leur circulation entre la moyenne-haute Tyrrhénienne, la Ligurie et la Provence, pour les différentes étapes chrono-culturelles du Néolithique ancienIntense seafaring and cultural/commercial exchanges took place in the region among the Central-Northern Tyrrhenian sea, Liguria and Provence during the VI millennium BCE; these contributed to the neolithisation of the western Mediterranean and were intimately linked to the exploitation and circulation of raw materials, such as obsidian, chert and greenstone. Within this framework, the assessment of ceramic circulation paths is obviously central to understand the economic and cultural relations between different Neolithic groups.Exchanges and potential interactions between different groups were assessed by characterising raw materials used in pottery production, as well as their provenance and diffusion, in order to contribute to research on the early Neolithic in the above mentioned areas.The methodology was aimed at sourcing raw materials and defining technical choices in pottery production by petrographic analyses (stereo- and / or optical microscope) of ceramic samples from some key sites of the Impressa-Cardiale Ware techno-complex, and on their comparison with geo-resources and archaeological pottery data.Pottery production and circulation among the Tyrrhenian, Liguria and Provence areas, in distinct chrono-cultural stages of Early Neolithic, was defined upon the results of these analyses
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Pilařová, Markéta. "Rozbor vlivu neolitické revoluce na postupné změny v nutriční strategii člověka až po jeho výživu a zdraví v 21.století." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-258179.
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Objective: The aim of the thesis was based on an analysis of the historical development of
human society to determine changes in human nutrition strategy and its consequences in contemporary
post-industrial society. The intention of the study was to highlight the potential
risks of these changes on human health.
Methods of work: As a source of information I used studied literature and created a poll. The
research group survey was composed of respective respondents, of which was the assumption
that they have the experience, knowledge of the so-called. Paleolithic diet. The results are
presented in tables and graphs using the functions in Excel.
Results of work: Final results are interpreted on the basis of studied literature and information
gathered through the survey respondents were sent out to me. Analysis of the historical
context of cause and effect in the development of nutritional strategies of human society, will
allow predicting dietary habits and health risks for humans in the 21st century.
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Genchi, Francesco <1977>. "Analisi del popolamento e delle dinamiche culturali del Neolitico nella Puglia Centrale : un approccio territoriale per la Bassa Murgia." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5066/.
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L’obiettivo della ricerca condotta dal candidato è stato sin dal principio la proposta di un’analisi del popolamento e delle dinamiche culturali dell’età neolitica nella Puglia Centrale. Tale aspirazione derivava dal fatto che il territorio oggetto di tale ricerca è stato, negli ultimi decenni, assai meno investigato rispetto alle limitrofe aree, come la piana del Tavoliere ed il Salento in particolare. Questa mancanza di informazioni rendeva necessaria una rivisitazione delle ricerche e degli studi, attraverso la costruzione di un atlante del popolamento, al fine di colmare questo vuoto.
Infatti, una valutazione del popolamento dell’età neolitica nell’Italia sud-orientale non può essere considerata per aree culturali distinte e geograficamente limitate. Nonostante vi siano importanti differenziazioni di facies archeologiche, è solo attraverso una visione complessiva e con un controllo articolato delle informazioni che è possibile descrivere i processi e le dinamiche che hanno portato ad un popolamento così imponente, dalla sua espansione al repentino collasso, causando la trasformazione del paesaggio pugliese.
La scelta di guardare alla complessità neolitica di questo versante della Puglia si lega culturalmente, oltre che geograficamente, alla ricerca già effettuata sulla grande diffusione del neolitico nella piana del Tavoliere di Puglia, unico esempio europeo in quanto a colonizzazione capillare del territorio..Ciò ha permesso di disegnare un quadro globale, che al momento esclude solo la penisola salentina, del popolamento neolitico della Puglia settentrionale e centrale.
Le caratteristiche che differenziano i due complessi, sono strettamente legate sia all’habitat insediativo, inteso come scelte insediamentali, che nella regione indagata appare organizzato su diversi livelli (area costiera adriatica, area prospiciente antichi alvei torrentizi, propaggini dell’altopiano delle Murge), che alle forme culturali, intese come produzione artigianale e soprattutto aspetti rituali connessi alla frequentazione delle grotte naturali.The objective of the research conducted by the candidate was from the beginning the proposal for an analysis of the population and of the cultural dynamics of the Neolithic age in Central Puglia. Such aspiration came from the fact that the object of this research was, in recent decades, much less investigated than the surrounding areas, such as the plain of Tavoliere and the Salento. This lack of information made it required a review of research and studies, through the construction of an Atlas of population, in order to bridge (or at least start doing it) this vacuum. In fact, an assessment of population of Neolithic age in southeastern Italy cannot be regarded as distinct cultural areas and geographically limited. Although there are important archaeological facies differentiation, it is only through a global vision and articulated with the information that you can describe processes and dynamics that have led to a population so impressive, since its expansion to sudden collapse, causing the transformation of the Apulian landscape. The choice to look at the complexity of this side of the Neolithic Puglia binds culturally, geographically, as well as looking great already made on the spread of the Neolithic in the plain of Tavoliere of Puglia, only in European colonization of capillary ...This has made it possible to draw a global framework, which currently excludes only the Salento peninsula, Neolithic Peopling of Northern and Central Puglia. The features that differentiate the two complexes, are closely linked to both the habitat settlement as insediamentali, choices in the region concerned is organized at different levels (the Adriatic coastal area facing the ancient riverbeds, torrentizi area, offshoots of the Murge plateau), the cultural forms, as handicraft production and especially aspects related to rituals of frequentation natural caves.
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Alrawi, Loey. "Förekomsten av den genetiska varianten laktapersistens hos neolitiska grupper från Öland : The contribution of the genetic variant Lactase persistence among Neolithic people from the Baltic island Öland in Sweden." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-104720.
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This study deals with the contribution of the genetic variant lactase persistence among Neolithic people from the Baltic Island Öland. Skeletal remains from twelve individuals went through DNA sequencing in order to find the mutation that allows adult individuals to digest milk sugar. The twelve individuals were chosen from two different Neolithic sites, where the archaeological and isotopic data suggest that the individuals from Köpingsvik were hunters and gatherers and the individuals from Resmo were early farmers. The individuals with the genetic variant lactase persistence can be described with selection and genetic flow. Only five individuals produced results and the mutation was found in two of the subjects. All the individuals who were successfully sequenced came from Resmo, whereasno individuals from Köpingsvik yielded any results.
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Underdal, Björn. "Skifferkulturens uppkomst." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-165369.
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The Norrlandic Slate Culture was a hunter-gatherer culture that emerged in northern Sweden during the transition from the late Mesolithic to the early Neolithic, c. 4200 BC. This paper deals with the Slate Culture’s relation to its neighbouring, contemporary cultures in Norway and Finland, and examines three types of typical finds related to the Slate Culture: enclosures of fire-cracked stones (Swe. skärvstensvall), petroglyphs and slate objects. The conclusion is that the Slate culture found inspiration to these phenomena from its neighbouring cultures and turned them into something of their own.
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Ohlsson, Andreas. "Alvastra pålbyggnad, en rituell samlingsplats?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-79783.
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Abstract Alvastra pålbyggnad, en rituell samlingsplats? Alvastra pile dwelling, a ritual gathering place? The aim of this essay is to examine whether or not Alvastra pile dwelling in Östergötland, Sweden was used as a rituell gathering place for people living here during the prehistoric time that is refered to as neolitikum 4000-1700 B.C. This analysis is done by examining the objects that was discovered during the excavations in 1909-1930 and 1976-1980 and by comparing Alvastra pile dwelling to other similar places in Sweden and enclosures called pallisades during this period. The conclusion is that there are objects that can be interpreted to have been part in ritual contexts in connection to Alvastra pile dwelling and thus the place could have function as a ritual gathering place during this period.
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Lust, Jennie. "Hedningahällan : Landskap, platsval och fenomenologi." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446608.
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The Neolithic site Hedningahällan has, with its large amount of mixed ceramics and unique location on top of a steep rock face, been subject to a number of studies. This paper explores factors that may have motivated the location choice based on the landscape features. To investigate Hedningahällan from a landscape perspective could assist to provide a base for more directed and broader research questions alike. The main focuses of location choice factors that are the advantages of an elevated position. This is examined via Individual Distance Viewshed analysis which measures the ability to recognise and identify humans in a given topography, potential overview and availability of game animals and fish found. The study recreating the plausible past environment as well as the phenomenological experience of the landscape in combination with viewshed-analysis. The outcomes of the GIS-results are compared to four other Neolithic coastal settlements with finds of ceramics. Hedningahällan was located on a headland in a small, protected archipelago. The environment was likely an excellent habitat for many marine animals and fish as well as some land animals, however the elevated location of Hedningahällans does not seem primarily got get a good overview of game habitat. It does on the other hand provide a good overview of the surrounding landscape, especially towards the ocean, and that could have facilitated to identify humans that was closing in from the sea. Several Neolithic coastal settlements occur in connection to distinct rock formation such as erratic blocks or eye-catching cliffs, and although Hedningahällan is located upon exposed bedrock, its appearance is like that of a large erratic block. The area included in its viewshed also contains several impressive cobble fields. Phenomenological, contemporary, and ethnological analogies show that distinct rock features can hold emotional, mythological, and practical meanings.
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Brandt, Christina. "Skallet från forntiden : en osteologisk analys av hundben från stenålderslokalerna Hemmor och Gullrum på Gotland samt en teoretisk studie av hundens rituella och funktionella roll under neolitikum." Thesis, Gotland University, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-533.
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The bark from prehistory – an osteological analysis on dog bones from the Stone Age settlements of Hemmor and Gullrum at Gotland and a theoretic study of the secular and sacred roles of the dog during the Neolithic.
Dog bones from two Pitted Ware Culture (around 2500 BC) settlements, Hemmor in När parish and Gullrum in Näs parish/Havdhem parish, at southern Gotland, Sweden are analyzed. The analysis contains a study of age, withers height and size estimation as well as skeletal changes and pathologies. The attempt of the analysis is to highlight the secular and sacred role of the dog during the Neolithic at Gotland. The dog bones were collected during excavations in the years 1890 and 1903 and were found across the entire surfaces of the settlements.
Although there were no specific dog breeds during the Stone Age, the dogs at Hemmor and Gullrum show a wide range of size (withers height spans from 39,74 cm to 56,47 cm) and may therefore have been used for different purposes depending on their size. The dogs were not eaten, but evidence of skinning is found. The results are compared with other analysis made on dog bones from similar settlements.
The analysis is complemented with a theoretic study of the functions of dogs in other parts of the world. Ethnologic studies of traditional societies show the importance and wide range of functions in which the dogs are used and can give us an idea of the corresponding functions at a Neolithic Gotland. The functions vary from pet and guardian of the settlement to fishing, hunting and ritual purposes.
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Andersson, Kim. "Hur ska vi komma vidare? : frågor rörande neolitiseringen i Sydskandinavien." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1071.
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This paper deals with the question of neolithisation of Southern Scandinavia. The main goal is to give an overview of three theories regarding how agriculture and livestock breeding was introduced to the Southern Scandinavia. These are as follows: the immigration theory, the socio-economic theory and the historical explanation theory. Furthermore it is investigated which theory has the most probably support in material culture. There are obvious difficulties in interpreting the archaeological material. Some solutions which could resolve these problems are presented by the author. And finally suggestions are made where future resources in research should be aimed, to get the discussion regarding the neolithisation of Southern Scandinavia, to move forward.
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Johansson, Nils. "25 år senare : en nyinventering av keramiken på Ajvide." Thesis, Gotland University, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-582.
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This thesis examines a sample of Pitted Ware pottery from the Gotlandic site of Ajvide in regard to the spatial and temporal relationship of the shards. Ajvide Stone Age site have been extensively excavated over the past 25 years and the most recent analysis of pottery was carried out by Inger Österholm in 1987 and new analyses of the material are therefore greatly needed. Pottery from three sample areas was analysed in regard to their distribution, decoration, fragmentation, part of pot and quality of the goods. To analyse the material in a contextual way a multivariate statistical analysis called correspondence analysis was used. Two areas denominated “dark areas”, which Österholm defined previously, as possible ritual sites, and one reference area with mixed material were chosen for the analysis. By including two of these “dark areas” the study also examine if similarities or differences could be seen among the shard distribution how these areas have been defined and possibly re-defined.
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Ohlberger, Annesophie. "Distinguished by Culture : A study of lipid residue content in Neolithic potsherds from Trössla and Överåda in the parish of Trosa-Vagnhärad, Södermanland, Sweden." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-39249.
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Hed, Maja. "Death's reflection in the water : Mortuary ritual, ancestral worship and the cosmological significance of water on the island of Gotland during the Pitted Ware culture." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446688.
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The Pitted Ware culture on Gotland presents a multitude of material that allow archeologists to re-construct and visit the socio-economic structure of a middle-neolithic settlement in the Baltic sea. I will be analyzing the archaeological material in accordance to the ocean, and to what we can interpret as ritual and cosmological variables at the site through ritual theory, and with a method of comparative analogy and research. How maritime aspects of divinity manifested itself to the PWC, ontology and belief system could perhaps reveal how the cognitive, collective mind of one culture evolved and made connections to otherworldly entities. Often in the form of ancestral worship, which will be one of the main issues that will be analyzed and discussed throughout, in addition to mortuary ritual.Den Gropkeramiska kulturen på Gotland demonstrerar ett extensivt material som tillåter arkeologer att rekonstruera och besöka den socioekonomiska strukturen hos en mellanneolitisk kultur i Östersjön. Jag kommer att analysera materialet i relation till havet, och försöka utgöra havets rituella och kosmologiska kopplingar till lokalen genom ritualteori och en analogisk, komparativ metod. Sättet som maritima aspekter av gudomlighet manifesterade sig inom den Gropkeramiska kulturen på Gotland, dess ontologi och trossystem kan möjligtvis avslöja hur det kollektiva, kognitiva sinnet hos en kultur utvecklades och skapade kontakter till utomvärldsliga ting. Ofta i form av förfädersdyrkan, som tillsammans med begravningsritualer kommer vara ett centralt ämne genom hela uppsatsen.
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Bērziņš, V. (Valdis). "Sārnate: living by a coastal lake during the East Baltic Neolithic." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2008. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514289415.
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Abstract This study is a re-analysis of the material from the wetland settlement of Sārnate, excavated between 1938 and 1959 by Eduards Šturms and Lūcija Vankina. The site, dated to the Neolithic of the East Baltic, is located on a former lakeshore in the littoral belt of the Kurzeme Peninsula, western Latvia. First, the many separate dwelling assemblages of material were arranged into three major groups on the basis of their pottery: dwellings with Comb Ware (undated), dwellings with Early Sārnate Ware (c. 4365–3780 kal ekr.) and dwellings with Late Sārnate Ware (c. 3630–2850 kal ekr.). The Comb Ware from Sārnate represents a heterogeneous and poorly-preserved corpus. Early and Late Sārnate Ware are seen as belonging to a tradition of shell-tempered, low-fired vessels that served mainly as cooking pots. Ceramic bowls, represented in Late Sārnate Ware, are interpreted as fat-burning lamps. The dwellings with Early and Late Sārnate Ware have produced a range of net fishing gear, as well as components of eel clamps and fish-screens. The houses of the Early and Late Sārnate Ware groups were quite substantial post-built structures, but not true pile dwellings. The hearths consisted of a bed of sand, with a substructure of timber and bark. Experimental work suggests that food was cooked by standing the pointed base of the pot in the sand of the hearth and building up the fire around it. Spatial analysis of the structural remains and artefact distributions in the best-preserved dwellings with Late Sārnate Ware, aligned with their long axes perpendicular to the former shoreline, revealed the concentration at one end of the hearth of tools and refuse connected with activities relating mainly to food processing, i.e. a ‘kitchen area’. For the Early and Late Sārnate phases, we can reconstruct the basic settlement-subsistence pattern, characterised by utilisation of a diverse range of subsistence resources, mainly those of the eutrophic lagoonal lakes, and a semi-sedentary or sedentary pattern of life, with a permanent occupation at Sārnate. A similar mode of subsistence and settlement was probably practiced at other lagoonal lakes along the East Baltic coastTiivistelmä Tutkimuksessa analysoidaan uudelleen Eduard Sturmsin ja Lucija Vankinan vuosina 1938–1959 kaivaman Sarnaten suoasuinpaikan materiaali. Itä-Baltian neolitikumiin ajoittuva asuinpaikka sijaitsee muinaisen järven rannalla Kurzemen niemen rantavyöhykkeellä Latvian länsiosassa. Useista erillisistä asumuksista kerätty materiaali järjestettiin kolmeen pääryhmään niissä esiintyvän keramiikan perusteella: asumukset joissa esiintyi kampakeramiikkaa (ajoittamatonta), asumukset joissa oli varhaista Sarnaten keramiikkaa (n. 4365 –3780 kal ekr.) ja asumukset joissa oli myöhäistä Sarnaten keramiikkaa (n. 3630 –2850 kal ekr.). Sarnaten kampakeramiikka on heterogeenistä ja huonosti säilynyttä. Varhaisen ja myöhäisen Sarnaten keramiikan arvioidaan kuuluvan simpukankuorisekoitteisten, matalapolttoisten astioiden traditioon. Näitä astioita käytettiin etupäässä keittoastioina. Myöhäisen Sarnate-keramiikan keramiikkakulhot on tulkittu rasvaa polttaviksi lampuiksi. Varhaisen ja myöhäisen Sarnate-keramiikan asuinpaikoilta on löydetty kalastusverkkoja sekä ankeriaankalastusvälineen ja liistekatiskan osia. Varhaisen ja myöhäisen Sarnate-keramiikan piiriin kuuluvat talot olivat melko kookkaita paaluille pystytettyjä rakennelmia, mutta eivät varsinaisia paaluasumuksia. Liedet muodostuivat hiekkakerroksesta, jossa oli puusta ja kaarnasta tehty rakennelma. Kokeiden perusteella arvellaan, että ruoka valmistettiin asettamalla astian terävä pohja lieden hiekka-alustalle ja polttamalla tulta astian ympärillä. Parhaiten säilyneiden myöhäistä Sarnate-keramiikkaa edustavien, pitkä akseli kohtisuorassa muinaiseen rantaviivaan nähden olevien asumusten rakenteiden ja esineiden spatiaalinen analyysi paljasti etupäässä ruuan valmistamiseen liittyviin toimintoihin yhdistettävien työkalujen ja jätteiden keskittyvän lieden toiseen päähän, toisin sanoen ”keittiöön ”. Varhaiselle ja myöhäiselle Sarnate-vaiheelle voidaan rekonstruoida asutus- ja elinkeinomalli, jolle on ominaista erilaisten, pääasiassa eutrofisten laguunien, toimeentuloresurssien hyväksikäyttö sekä puolipysyvä tai pysyvä elintapa Sarnaten ollessa jatkuvasti asutettu. Samankaltaisia elinkeinoja ja asutusta harjoitettiin todennäköisesti muillakin laguuneilla Itä-Baltian rannikolla
Kopsavilkums Darbā no jauna izanalizēts materiāls, kas iegūts starp 1938. un 1959. gadu Eduarda Šturma un Lūcijas Vankinas vadītajos izrakumos Sārnates mitrzemes apmetnē. Apmetne attiecināma uz Austrumbaltijas neolīta laiku. Tā atrodas Rietumlatvijā, Kurzemes pussalas piejūras joslā, senezera krastā. Kolekciju veido materiāls no daudzām atseviškuras vispirms apvienotas trijās galvenajās grupās, vadoties pēc keramikas rakstura: mītnes ar ķemmes un bedrīšu keramiku (nav datētas), mītnes ar agro Sārnates tipa keramiku (ap 4365–3780 kal. g. pr. Kr.) un mītnes ar vēlo Sārnates tipa keramiku (ap 3630–2850 kal. g. pr. Kr.). Sārnates apmetnē iegūtā ķemmes un bedrīšu keramika ir neviendabīga, turklāt slikti saglabājusies. Savukārt agrā un vēlā Sārnates tipa keramika pieskaitāma keramikas tradīcijai, kuras raksturīgās iezīmes ir māla masas liesināšana ar gliemežvākiem un apdedzināšana zemā temperatūrā. Māla trauki izmantoti galvenokārt vārīšanai. Māla bļodiņas, kas pārstāvētas vēlajā Sārnates tipa keramikā, uzskatāmas par tauku lampiņām. Mītnēs ar agro un vēlo Sārnates tipa keramiku iegūti dažāda veida zvejas tīklu piederumi, kā arī zušu žebērkļu un zvejas aizsprostu sastāvdaļas. Agrās un vēlās Sārnates tipa keramikas darinātāji cēluši samērā fundamentālas konstrukcijas stabu celtnes. Nav pamata tās uzskatīt par pāļu būvēm. Mītnēm raksturīgi smilšu pavardi, kuru pamatā ir koku un mizu konstrukcija. Pēc arheoloģisko eksperimentu rezultātiem secināts, ka vārāmo trauku nedaudz iedziļināja pavarda smiltīs un uguni kūra ap to. Pievēršot uzmanību mītnēm ar vislabāk saglabājušos materiālu, kas orientētas ar garenasi perpendikulāri senajai krasta līnijai, analizēta konstruktīvo palieku un senlietu planigrāfija. Šīm mītnēm vienā pavarda galā konstatēta galvenokārt ar pārtikas gatavošanu saistītu rīku un atkritumu koncentrācija (t.s. virtuves zona). No mītnēm ar agro un vēlo Sārnates keramiku iegūtais materiāls ļauj pamatvilcienos rekonstruēt iedzīvotāju saimniecību. Izmantota daudzveidīga pārtikas resursu bāze, bet īpaši nozīmīgi bijuši resursi, kas iegūstami no eitrofajiem lagūnu ezeriem. Sārnates apmetne bijusi apdzīvota cauru gadu, tās iedzīvotāji piekopuši daļēju vai pilnīgu vietsēdību. Līdzīgs dzīvesveids, domājams, bijis lagūnu ezeru krastos mītošām kopienām arī citviet Austrumbaltijas piekrastes joslā
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Palomäki, Elina. "Albys skärvor : Lipid- och morfologisk analys av tidigneolitisk keramik från Öland." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1147.
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In this essay, Neolithic potsherds from Alby, Öland has been examined. The purpose was to investigate the connection between the lipid residues and the vessel shapes and ornament. To solve the attempt lipid and morphological analyses were executed. The lipid analysis revealed traces of different food residues and the morphological method showed various shapes and decors. The result indicates that the Alby ceramics has been used for cooking/storage of different fish and meat dishes, as well as vegetables and that the vegetables doesn’t derive of cereals.
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Sörgard, Ingegerd. "De första Nösundsborna : en studie av hur västra Orust befolkades." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385734.
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The purpose of this thesis is to determine whether western Orust was continuously inhabited during the Stone Age and the Bronze Age. Using reports from the archaeological excavations carried out in Nösund in western Orust as a basis, I discuss what conclusions can be drawn, relating, when possible, the findings to what we, thanks to analyzes of fossil DNA made in recent years, now know about ancient peoples’ descent. The results show that there is no basis for claiming that Nösund has been continuously inhabited under the Mesolithic, despite archaeologists having located and dated half a dozen settlements from the Stone Age and the Bronze Age in the village. The findings from the various archaeological surveys do not allow us to determine the descent of the people living in Nösund during different time-periods, nor whether they were mainly fishermen or hunters. The main reason for this is the absence of organic materials, especially bones, in the findings from Nösund. The conclusion therefore is that much more research has to be done, if we are to provide a comprehensive picture of the earliest settlements in western Orust.Denna uppsats har syftet att visa huruvida västra Orust varit kontinuerligt bebodd under stenålder och bronsålder. Utgångspunkten har varit rapporterna från de arkeologiska grävningar som utförts i Nösund, och resultaten därifrån diskuteras med utgångspunkt från de nya kunskaper om människors härstamning som de senaste årens analyser av fossilt DNA har gett oss. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att vi inte har underlag för att påstå att Nösund har varit kontinuerligt bebodd under mesolitikum, trots att man lokaliserat och daterat ett halvt dussin boplatser i Nösund från stenålder och bronsålder, och att kunskapen om vad som skedde under neolitikum och bronsålder är ännu mer bristfällig. Fynden från de olika arkeologiska undersökningarna är inte heller av en kvalitet som gör att vi kan uttala oss vilken härstamning människor som bott i Nösund under olika perioder har haft, eller om de huvudsakligen varit fiskare eller jägare. Den största bristen är frånvaron av fynd av organiska material, särskilt ben, i Nösund.
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Roch, François. "Vers un nouveau paradigme planétaire en matière de développement ? Contribution à l'histoire du droit international et du développement." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA111031.
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L’histoire du développement a été marquée par deux grandes révolutions. La révolution néolithique a fait passer l’humanité d’une économie paléolithique organisée autour de la chasse, de la pêche et de la cueillette à une économie néolithique basée sur l’agriculture et l’élevage. Cette première révolution planétaire est caractérisée par le passage d’un mode de vie nomade à un mode de vie sédentaire; lui-même conduisant à terme à la naissance des premières civilisations de l’Antiquité. La révolution industrielle, deuxième révolution planétaire, constitue une seconde rupture. Cette révolution se caractérise par le passage d'une société à dominance agraire à une société à dominance industrielle et urbaine.Dans un contexte de crise globale, qui s’apprécie notamment à l’aune de l’échec patent desOMD, nous posons l’hypothèse d’une troisième révolution planétaire en devenir dont l’ampleur pourrait être comparable aux deux précédentes. Depuis la révolution industrielle, lemonde a connu une croissance économique et démographique sans précédent; entraînant certes des progrès notoires, mais aussi un accroissement exponentiel de son empreinteécologique. À travers l’étude des principaux paradigmes contemporains du développement,nous avons décidé de revisiter prospectivement le modèle onusien. Au carrefour des divers modèles nationaux, l’ONU constitue, nous semble-t-il, le lieu le plus approprié pour aborder cette question. Enfin, dans la mesure où derrière la présente crise globale se cache une crise écologique profonde, nous considérons que le prochain paradigme qui émergera sera, pour les raisons que nous exposons, le fruit d’une dialectique entre les modèles anthropocentriste et biocentristeThe history of development was marked by two great revolutions. The Neolithic revolution has seen humanity passed of an economy organized around Paleolithic hunting, fishing andgathering to a Neolithic economy based mainly on agriculture and livestock. The first planetary revolution is characterized by the transition from a nomadic to a sedentary lifestyle;himself eventually leading to the birth of the first civilizations of antiquity. The Industrialrevolution, the second planetary revolution, is a second major break in development history.This revolution is essentially characterized by the transition from a predominantly agrariansociety to a predominantly industrial and urban.Against a backdrop of global crisis, including appreciating in terms of the obvious failure ofthe MDGs, we hypothesize a third planetary revolution with a magnitude that could becomparable to the previous two. Since the beginning of industrial revolution, the world hasexperienced an economic and population growth unprecedented, certainly at the origin ofsignificant progress, but also an exponential increase of its ecological footprint. Through thestudy of major contemporary paradigms of development, we prospectively decided to revisitthe UN model and framework. At the crossroads of different national models, the UN is themost appropriate place to address this issue. Finally, since behind this global crisis lies aprofound ecological crisis, we believe that the next paradigm that will emerge, for reasonsthat are set, is going to be the result of a dialectic between anthropocentric models, on onehand, and biocentric models, on the other hand
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Isacson, Mimmi. "The Pitted Ware Site and People of Vendel : A study of the Pitted Ware site Vendel, Vendel parish, Uppland, based on vessel use through analysis of lipid residue absorbed in Pitted Ware pottery." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77284.
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Analysis of organic residue absorbed in to the walls of ceramic vessels has proved to be a valuable contributor to the knowledge of prehistoric societies. Based on the analysis of absorbed lipids in the wall of ceramic vessels and existing knowledge and theories about the Pitted Ware culture, an attempt of understanding of the Pitted Ware site Vendel is made. Based on the obtained results and evidences presented throughout the paper it is argued that the Vendel site is a permanent or seasonal settlement, and furthermore that the results seem to reflect a change in vessel use towards the end of the Pitted Ware Culture, and possibly even a change of society, ideology and economy.
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Johansson, Christian. "Gigantopithecus och jättarna : En jämförande studie av mytologiska figurer med utgångspunkt i Emilé Durkheims teorier om religionen." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-37562.
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Den här uppsatsen undersöker på sociologiskt vis möjligheterna att spåra möten mellan tidigamänniskor och jätteprimaten Gigantopithecus från östra Asien i myter som överlevt fram till idag,detta för att försöka peka på ett gemensamt ursprung till den ofta förekommande figurtypen jätten imyter och folksagor i världen. Teoretikerna som uppbådas till hjälp är Emile Durkheim, MartinCortazzi, Josef Ludvik Fisher samt Forrester Sibelan, vilka visar på dels hur myter fungerar och kanuppstå och hur de fungerar i relation till människor.Till metod har arbetet utgått ifrån diskursteori då denna lämpar sig väl för att förstå relationenmellan den sociala verklighet en text rör sig inom och den text sagda verklighet bidrar till att skapa.Arbetet börjar med att försöka motivera sin hypotes genom att påvisa dels belägg för att primatenoch människan i urtiden mötts och dels genom att visa på att myter och berättelser i muntlig formkan överleva länge nog för att det ska vara rimligt. Den fortsätter med att presentera och beskrivamytbildningar från olika delar av världen; Nordiska, Grekiska, Babyloniska, Indiska Afrikanska,Nord- och Sydamerikanska samt Kinesiska där fokus ligger på att jämföra och sammanföra myterför att försöka peka på samband som andra forskare redan upptäckt eller sådana som pekar mot denöstasiatiska primaten.Det visar sig snabbt att några sådana belägg inte finns att finna under de förhållanden den härundersökningen utgår ifrån när den går in på ämnet. Istället försöker den fokusera på att visa på debevisliga ursprungen från de jätterelaterade myter som i världen förekommer. Till stor del härrör de,enligt forskarna uppsatsen använder som källor, från Mesopotamien och rent sociologiskt så kanuppsatsen peka på ett samband mellan ett behov av politisk kontroll och den roll jättar i mytbildningbrukar få. Platser som Grekland, Inkariket och Kina har oberoende av varandra utvecklat deursprungliga mytbildningarna på ett sätt som underbygger auktoritära figurer både inom och utanförmyterna så att berättelserna passar den grupp som styr området, något som i viss utsträckning gällerför alla mytbildningar som undersöktes. Jättarna får ofta roller såsom förfäder eller fientliga folksom människor och deras gudar obrydda kan avsky eller diskreditera. Genomgående så stämmer dei teoridelen presenterade forskarnas teorier med det sätt som myterna som undersöks visas fungerapå.This paper tries to explore the sociological possibilities of finding a link between interactionsbetween the giant primate Gigantopithecus and early humans of eastern Asia and surviving mythsfrom around the world that have survived up until today. Theorists that have been drafted to attemptto prove this are Emile Durkheim, Martin Cortazzi, Josef Ludvik Fischer and Forrester Sibelan,who's work revolve around the area of the inner workings of myth and its relation to the peoplesustaining them.As Method the paper operates on the basis of discourse theory as it is well suited to explain theways in which reality and text co-opt in the creation of the other.To begin with the paper puts out hypothesis strengthening research to try to show ways that theprimate in theory could have acted as a forefather to the giant, due to prehistoric humans havinginteracted with Gigantopithecus and the way oral myth is able to survive for very long stretches oftime. It continues by presenting and describing various myths from around the world; Nordic,Greek, Babylonian, Indian, African, North and South American as well as Chinese. The focus lieson showing the many themes the myths share between themselves, with an initial focus on pinningits origins to Gigantopithecus.Early on any such connections prove to be without credible proof, and as it is the paper is illequipped to attempt to claim any connections between the myths and the primate. To stay relevant,the paper tries to present other more substantiated potential origins of the concept of giants andfinds other researchers pointing towards old Mesopotamia. Sociologically however the paper canpoint towards connections between political control and the role of the giants of myths in the storiesof many of the stories it presents. Places such as Greece, the Inca empire and China all, apparentlyindependently of one another created and developed myths wherein giants assist in reinforcing theauthoritarian positions of leader characters both within and outside of the stories. Giants in mythoften played the role of ancient ancestors or non human or non tribe people that gods and peoplebereft of conscience could paint as enemies or buffoons.
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Ericson, Claes. "Information från insidan : En datortomografisk undersökning av gropkeramiska lerfiguriner från Tråsättra." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-399889.
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This thesis presents how a non-destructive method allows for analysis of archeological material, using three Neolithic anthropomorphic figurines attributed to the Pitted Ware Culture. Anthropomorphic figurines from this period are rare in Sweden and traditional destructive methods, such as thin section petrography is therefore not an option. Using µCT – Micro-Computed tomography as an archaeological method, information can be produced regarding the ceramic composition, forming technique and ornamentation of these figurines. Furthermore, this thesis shows how new advancements in computer imaging technology, such as 3D volume rendering of µCT-data, allows for the reconstruction of organic inclusions.
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Fornander, Elin. "The Wild Side of the Neolithic : A study of Pitted Ware diet and ideology through analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in skeletal material from Korsnäs, Grödinge parish, Södermanland." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1144.
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The Pitted Ware Culture site Korsnäs in Södermanland, Sweden presents a, for the region, unique amount of preserved organic material suitable for chemical analyses. Human and faunal skeletal material has been subjected to stable isotope analysis with the aim of examining whether the diet of the Korsnäs people correlates with the seal-based subsistence of Pitted Ware Culture groups on the Baltic islands. Further, the relationship between the faunal assemblage and the human diet has been studied, and the debated question of whether the Pitted Ware people kept domestic pigs has been addressed. Ten new radiocarbon dates are presented, which place the excavated area of the site in Middle Neolithic A, with a continuity of several hundred years. The results show that the diet of the Korsnäs people was predominantly based on seal, and seal hunting was probably an essential part of the Pitted Ware Culture identity. Based on the dietary pattern of the species, it is argued that the pigs were not domestic. The faunal assemblage, dominated by seal and pig bones, does not correlate with the dietary pattern, and it is suggested that wild boar might have been hunted and sacrificed and/or ritually eaten on certain occasions.
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Palmgren, Erik. "Den gotländska Stridsyxekulturen : migration, interaktion eller regionalitet?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-220210.
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This one-year master's thesis investigates the late part of the Middle Neolithic on the island of Gotland. This thesis has been written without the influence of a singular theoretical pespective, and has therefore seen input from the processual, and postprocessual theories. By using several perspectives, an attempt is made to view the material remains used in the most objective manner possible. The specific aim of this thesis is to investigate whether the Mid-Neolithic inhabitants of Gotland were a part of the Corded Ware culture (or as it is called in Sweden, the Battleaxe culture or the Boataxe culture). Most recent literature has concluded that Gotland was never a part of the Battlexe culture, though this thesis has discovered many parallels with the mainland culture, including the production of similar objects and ritual practices. There are indications that the Gotlandic culture also integrated traits from several other coastal regions of the Baltic Sea, something most Battle Axe settlements did not. After investigating all the data that have been linked with the Battleaxe culture, this thesis concludes that the people on the island of Gotland were not fully assimilated to the Battleaxe culture, but were approaching the culture in both a material and ritual aspects. This leaves the conclusion that the Gotlandic culture towards the end of the Middle Neolithic was somewhat of a hybrid.
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Lundmark, Staffan. "Neolithic farmers in Poland - A study of stable isotopes in human bones and teeth from Kichary Nowe in the south of Poland." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-125603.
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The diet of the Stone Age cultures is a strong indicator to the social group, thus farmers and hunters can be distinguished through their diet. There is well-preserved and well excavated Polish skeletal material available for such a study but the material has not previously been subject to stable isotopes analyses and therefore the questions of diets has not been answered. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the cultures in the Kichary Nowe 2 area in the Lesser Poland district in southern Poland. Through analysis of the stable isotopes of Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulphur in the collagen of teeth and skeletal bones from the humans in the Kichary Nowe 2 grave-field and from bones from the fauna, coeval and from the same area, the study will establish whether there were any sharp changes of diets. The material from the grave-field comes from cultures with an established agricultural economy, where their cultural belonging has been anticipated from the burial context. The results from my study of stable isotopes from the bone material will be grouped by various parameters, culture, attribution to sex and age. The groups will then be compared to each other to investigate patterns within and between the groups.
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Fanti, Laura. "La fonction des récipients céramiques dans les sociétés du Néolitique moyen B (4500-4000 cal BC) en Sardaigne centre-occidentale (Italie) : Indices fonctionnels, économiques, interculturels à partir de l’analyse des caractéristiques morphométriques, des résidus organiques et des traces d’usure des poteries." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE2024.
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La Sardaigne, en raison de sa position géographique au cœur de la Méditerranée occidentale, constitue une zone clé pour la compréhension de la diffusion du Néolithique dans le domaine nord-tyrrhénien. La deuxième moitié du Ve millénaire cal BC marque l’essor et l’aboutissement du processus de diffusion de l’économie néolithique dans l’île, sous l’égide des groupes humains « San Ciriaco ». Des fouilles récentes dans la Sardaigne centre-occidentale, zone cruciale pour cette entité culturelle régionale, ont décelé des contextes inédits dont l’étude est fondamentale pour la connaissance de ces sociétés. Cette thèse se propose d’explorer le rôle des poteries dans les systèmes techniques et les comportements symboliques des groupes humains San Ciriaco en Sardaigne centre-occidentale, afin d’obtenir des indices économiques sur les stratégies de gestion des ressources et sur les modes de vie de ces populations. L’approche interdisciplinaire suivie combine l’analyse morphométrique des récipients, l’observation des traces d’usure et l’analyse chimique des résidus organiques (en CPG et CPG/SM) piégés dans la matrice céramique. Les résultats révèlent une structuration des assemblages céramiques en plusieurs gammes fonctionnelles, variablement représentées sur des sites à destination différente (habitat, sépultures, « dépôts » de vases). Des comportements techniques et symboliques liés à la gestion des récipients tout au long de leur cycle d’utilisation sont mis en lumière. Ces résultats offrent une première contribution à la plus large problématique de l’évolution de la fonction des poteries, tout au long du Néolithique, au sein du domaine méditerranéen occidental.zone cruciale pour cette entité culturelle régionale originale, ont décelé des contextes inédits dont l’étude s’avère être fondamentale pour la connaissance de ces sociétés. Cette thèse se propose d’explorer le rôle des poteries dans les systèmes techniques et les comportements symboliques des groupes humains San Ciriaco en Sardaigne centre-occidentale, afin d’obtenir des indices économiques sur les stratégies de gestion des ressources et sur les modes de vie de ces populations. L’approche interdisciplinaire suivie combine l’analyse morphométrique des récipients, l’observation des traces d’usure et l’analyse chimique des résidus organiques (en chromatographie en phase gazeuse et chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse), piégés dans la matrice céramique. Les résultats obtenus révèlent une structuration des assemblages céramiques en plusieurs gammes fonctionnelles distinctes et variablement représentées sur des sites à destination fonctionnelle différente (habitat, sépultures, « dépôts » de vases). Des comportements techniques et symboliques liés à la gestion des récipients tout au long de leur cycle d’utilisation sont également mis en lumière. Ces résultats offrent une première contribution à la plus large problématique de l’évolution de la fonction des poteries, tout au long du Néolithique, au sein du domaine méditerranéen occidentalThe isle of Sardinia (Italy) is a key zone in understanding the spread and the diffusion of the Neolithic in North Tyrrhenian region, due to its position in the middle of western Mediterranean Sea. Here, the rise and culmination of Neolithic economy is carried by San Ciriaco populations in the second half of V millennium cal BC. Recent archaeological excavations in central-western Sardinia revealed new contexts the study of which is fundamental in increasing our knowledge of these Neolithic societies.The aim of this work is to investigate the role of pottery in technical systems and symbolical behaviours of San Ciriaco societies in central-western Sardinia, in order to find evidence of strategies of use and explore their way(s) of life. The interdisciplinary approach in this study combines morphometrical analysis of vessels, use-wear observation and GC / GC-MS chemical analysis of organic residues absorbed in pottery.This research revealed a structuration of pottery assemblages into several functional categories which are differently represented in sites with a different function (settlements, burials, vessels “deposits”). The results contribute to highlight technical and symbolical behaviors linked to the use of pottery during its life cycle phases. These data offer a contribution to the issue of the evolution of pottery function during the Neolithic period in Western Mediterranean
La Sardegna, in virtù della sua posizione centrale nel Mediterraneo occidentale, rappresenta una zona cruciale per la comprensione del processo di propagazione del Neolitico e della sua evoluzione nell’area nord-tirrenica. Il pieno sviluppo dell’economia neolitica nell’isola è segnato dalla formazione e diffusione di un’entità culturale regionale originale, denominata “cultura di San Ciriaco”, durante la seconda metà del V millennio cal BC (Neolitico Medio B). Alcuni recenti scavi nella Sardegna centro-occidentale, scenario fondamentale nello sviluppo di tale entità culturale, hanno portato alla luce dei contesti inediti, il cui studio si rivela essenziale per la conoscenza di queste società neolitiche.L’obiettivo di questa ricerca è specificamente quello di indagare il ruolo dei recipienti ceramici nei sistemi tecnici e nei comportamenti simbolici dei gruppi umani San Ciriaco della Sardegna centro-occidentale, nell’intento di acquisire degli indizi sulle strategie di gestione delle risorse naturali e sulle modalità di sussistenza delle popolazioni durante il Neolitico medio B.L’approccio interdisciplinare seguito associa l’analisi morfometrica dei recipienti all’osservazione delle tracce d’uso e all’analisi chimica dei residui organici assorbiti nella matrice ceramica, mediante la tecnica della gascromatografia (GC) e della gascromatografia/spettrometria di massa (GC/MS).I risultati ottenuti rivelano una strutturazione delle collezioni ceramiche in molteplici gamme funzionali distinte e variabilmente rappresentate in siti con destinazione funzionale differente (abitato, sepolture, “depositi” di recipienti). L’analisi di tali contesti ha permesso di evidenziare alcuni specifici comportamenti tecnici e simbolici legati alla gestione dei recipienti durante tutto il loro ciclo d’utilizzo.L’interpretazione storica dei dati acquisiti con questa ricerca offre un contributo alla più vasta questione dell’evoluzione della funzione dei recipienti ceramici, nel corso del Neolitico, nell’area del Mediterraneo occidentale
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Petrullo, Giacoma. "Produzione in materie dure di origine animale da contesti pre-pastorali e pastorali del Maghreb orientale dell’Olocene antico e medio : studio tecnologico e funzionale." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100170.
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Mon étude concerne l’analyse des industries en matières dures d’origine animale dans les contextes prè-pastoraux et pastoraux de l’Est du Maghreb au début et au milieu de l’Holocène.Le Maghreb est riche d’une longue tradition de fabrication et utilisation des ces types des matières, cependant très peu de chercheurs se sont intéressé à la question depuis les années 60 et seulement au travers d’études typologiques, dont chacun connaît maintenant les limites. J’ai reprise l’étude des anciennes collections (Dra-Mta-el-M-Abiod; R’fane; Khanguet-Ain-Mouhaad ; Capéletti collection Rivière) dans la perspective d’une approche technologique, typologique et fonctionelle. Le but est reconstruire la séquence dynamique à la base de la production osseuses des groupes culturels de ces régions: de l’approvisionnement de la matière première (par chasse, abattage ou collecte) à la production des objets en reconstituant des schémas de fabrication et d'utilisation des outils par observation tracceologique et expérimentations. Cela a permis de définir leur rôle dans les activités menées par le groupe, en s’intéressant aussi à la maintenance des outils, y compris au recyclage, jusqu'à l’abandon de l’objet utilisé.En comparant les données issues des séries analyses des seriés pré-pastorale il a été possible d’observer, pour les procédés de fabrication un système normé très codifié et homogène, même avec quelques variantes. Ce système se reflète dans le choix de la matière première et des espèces animales, dans les caractéristiques morpho-métriques et stylistiques des produits finis et dans certains cas, dans le procédé et la méthode de débitage, enfin dans les techniques de fabrication.L’analyse technologique et fonctionelle de la série pastorale Rivière a révélé un changement partiel des les systèmes de production des objets en matières dures d’origine animale par rapport à la série pré-pastorale. Même si sur le plan stylistique il y a des tendences communs ou de continuité, dans la morpho-métrie, dans la typologie, les procédé et la méthodes de fabrication mises en oeuvre ou encore les techniques de fabbrication et leurs ordre d’application on peut observer des éléments nouveaux Tout ces aspects ont pu être mis en évidence uniquement grâce àl’approche technologique qui j’ai menée qui m’a permis de isoler des traits distinctifs et diagnostiqus particulièrement clairs pour les phases de production. Ces éléments de caractérisation très prometteurs méritent maintenat d’être vérifiés et d’être complétés par de nouvelles observations et par l’étude d’un corpus élargi à d’autres collections.L’approche combinée de la typologie, de la technologique e l’étude fonctionelle permettra certainement d’après des éléments de réponse à ces questions fondamentales dans les années à venir. J’espère par exemple de apporter de nouveaux arguments permettant de insérer l’étude des processus productive des matières dures d’origine animale sur le sujet de la relation de continuité ou discontinuité culturelle entre les société pré-pastoral du Capsien supérieur et les société pastorales du Néolithique de Tradition Capsienne en AlgérieDuring my Ph.D. research I have investigated the exploitation of hard faunal materials coming from some pre-pastoral and pastoral contexts of the Eastern Maghreb, defined as Capsian and Neolithic of Capsian Tradition. In particular, the materials coming from the first half of 20th century excavations by J. Morel, Debruge, Latapie and T. Riviére in the Tébessa and Aurés regions are the specific focus of my analyses. For the first time these collections have been investigated from a technological and functional perspective. The multidisciplinary approach I have applied involved the identification and characterization of the technological scars on the débitage products and their comparison with those visible on artefacts from an experimental reference collection.Each element underwent a progressive scale of observation: from the naked eye up to 130X magnification under a stereomicroscope. This allowed the identification of specific manufacturing techniques, processes of matrix partition and manufacturing methods for the production of certain morpho-types. In parallel, the study of the deformation of the tool’s active edge and the observation, under reflected-light microscope, of the micro-usewear allowed a better understanding of the types of materials with which some of the tools came in to contact.The reconstruction of the chaîne opératoire and, more generally, of the production processes of hard faunal materials coming from the analysed contexts, yielded a new contribution to the definition of the Eastern Maghreb food-producing communities. The synchronic analysis of the pre-pastoral contexts highlighted a certain degree of homogeneity in the technical and economic choices of the Eastern Maghreb human groups. At the same time, the diachronic analysis has highlighted the element of continuity and discontinuity between pre-pastoral and pastoral contexts.The application of this approach to other collections of worked bone artefacts coming from the Maghreb would provide new insights to the still-open debate about the relationship between the pre-pastoral Capsian and the so called pastoral Neolithic of Capsian Tradition groups
Il progetto di ricerca sviluppato all’interno della tesi verte sull’analisi di collezioni in materie dure di origine animale provenienti da alcuni contesti pre-pastorali e pastorali del Maghreb orientale, definiti come Capsiano e Neolitico di tradizione “Capsiana”, relativi all’antico e medio Olocene.Sebbene il largo impiego in queste aree di materie di origine animale per la produzione di manufatti, pochi ricercatori si sono interessati a questo tipo di studio, limitato quasi sempre ad un approccio eminentemente tipologico fondato sui lavori di Camps-Fabrer. Le collezioni sono state analizzate secondo un metodo tecnologico, tipologico e funzionale su base tracceologica e sperimentale.La ricostruzione della chaîne opératoire e più in generale dei processi di produzione delle materie dure di origine animale ha apportato un nuovo contributo nella definizione delle comunità pre-pastorali e pastorali che hanno occupato queste regioni del Maghreb orientale. L’analisi sincronica delle collezioni pre-pastorali ha consentito di mettere in risalto un certo grado di omogeneità nelle scelte tecniche ed economiche. Al contempo, una prima comparazione diacronica tecnologica, tipologica e funzionale tra le serie pre-pastorali e quella pastorale ha evidenziato un fenomeno di discontinuità nei processi produttivi forse derivata da nuovi contatti con le zone più settentrionali a loro volta al centro di possibili apporti dal Marocco ad Ovest oppure dal Vicino Oriente ad Est.In effetti, l’applicazione di un metodo di analisi come quello proposto per le collezioni analizzate ad un campione di studio più ampio potrebbe effettivamente convalidare la possibile rottura nei processi produttivi e apportare nuovi elementi al dibattito ancora aperto sulla relazione che intercorre tra i gruppi capsiani e quelli pastorali definiti in queste aree di “tradizione capsiana”
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Nytrová, Kateřina. "Neolitická sociokultovní architektura v Čechách." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-274557.
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Pravěké kruhové sociokultovní architektury jsou výrazem postupné diferenciace a vyšší organizovanosti lidstva počínaje vrcholným neolitem. Za oblast vzniku specifické formy monumentalizujících architektur - rondelů - se dnes považuje střední Podunají; odtud se idea "posvátných kruhu" šíří směrem k severu a severozápadu, snad i k severovýchodu a východu a zpětně možná i k jihu. Kruhové posvátné stavby jsou rozptýleny na geograficky značně rozsáhlém území a prostupují od neolitu až po ranou dobu dějinnou. Ačkoliv nelze očekávat přímou genetickou souvislost všech těchto staveb, existuje zcela určitě zásadní myšlenkový prvek, který všechny tyto stavby spojuje. Klíčem kjeho objasnění je vysvětlení funkce jednotlivých staveb. Ačkoliv vykazuje neolitická sociokultovní architektura podle archeoastronomických průzkumů znaky plánované výstavby za účelem vytvoření kalendáře a vhodné pozorovatelny pro sledování pohybu vesmírných těles, nelze tuto funkci s naprostou jistotou dokázat. A zřejmě astronomický a kalendářní smysl nebyl jediným hybatelem výstavby takto nákladných staveb, které navíc vyžadovaly pravidelnou údržbu. Význam neolitické sociokultovní architektury spatřuji spíše v tom, že znázorňovala v obecné rovině jakýsi jednotící prvek celé neolitické společnosti, známý všem jejím členům (jednotlivé rondely...
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VONDROVSKÝ, Václav. "Neolitický sídelní areál Hrdlovka: analýza keramického materiálu." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-188383.
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The presented diploma thesis aims primarily to the analysis of ceramic material obtained from the Neolithic settlement area Hrdlovka excavated during salvage terrain excavation since the year 1987 to 1990. For the purposes of processing of finds and excavation situations the complex database and digitalised site plan were created in the GIS interface. The analysis of ceramics was targeted particularly to the establishing of settlement area relative chronology and separating of individual settlement phases. Current description system of Czech Neolithic pottery was modified and replenished with regard to Hrdlovka´s finding situation specifics. The process of chronological analysis comprising also spatial data was divided into several steps. Resulting sequence comprises 10 settlement horizons (Hrdlovka A - J), which correspond to nearly uninterrupted development since the early stage of the Linear Pottery culture to the late stage of the Stroked Pottery culture. Important pieces of knowledge were obtained mainly about the transitional phase between the both cultures, which was in Hrdlovka documented by two settlement horizons. The analysis of ceramics spatial distribution and some architecture characteristics are also presented in limited range.
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Končelová, Markéta. "Neolitická sídelní aglomerace v prostoru dnešního Kolína." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-322567.
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Neolitická sídelní aglomerace v prostoru dnešního Kolína - abstrakt Disertační práce Markéta Končelová Kolínsko svou polohou i příhodnými přírodními podmínkami patří ke staré sídelní oblasti České kotliny a řadí se k nejlépe archeologicky poznaným územím u nás. I přes tuto skutečnost poskytl záchranný archeologický výzkum v trase stavby silničního obchvatu Kolína množství nových a v mnohém unikátních stop starších antropogenních aktivit. Neobyčejnou koncentraci zde vytváří půdorysy dlouhých domů neolitického stáří (kultury s keramikou lineární a vypíchanou). Především výskyt a forma pozůstatků mladoneolitických obytných struktur představuje fenomén, který nemá u nás analogie. Předmětem předkládané práce je archeologický rozbor veškerých neolitických sídlištních nálezů a chronologické zařazení dokladů těchto prozatím jedinečných obytných konstrukcí. Navíc vyhodnocení mladoneolitického sídliště doprovázeného pozůstatky domů jako chronologicko-prostorové jednotky prozatím scházelo. Důležitým úkolem do budoucna je synchronizace s nedalekým dosud nezpracovaným rondelovým komplexem a dalšími nepublikovanými areály s nálezy půdorysů jiných mladoneolitických staveb (např. v Příšovicích nebo Jaroměři). Sídliště v Kolíně je zasazeno do kontextu vývoje osídlení definovaného regionu užšího Kolínska v neolitu....
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Stolz, Daniel. "Neolitické a eneolitické osídlení Hořovické kotliny se zaměřením na kamennou industrii." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-275874.
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The study of a Neolithic and Aeneolithic settlement in individual areas forms a substantial part of a complex study of a wide range of related issues regarding the overall settlement location and its history, its density, its relation to natural environment, and its relation to previous and later periods. It can also provide insights into stone industry distribution and the process of communication and contacts between neighbouring and distant regions, mining areas, the size of cultivated areas, etc. Unfortunately, until the 1980s, the study ofNeolithic and Aeneolithic settlements was a rather neglected field in the context of Czech archaeology and even since then iťs stili very rarely used for a complex study of multiple issues. The aim of my thesis is to fulfill this "gap" by suggesting possible solution to the above mentioned problems. The selected settlement area is Hořovice basin. The sources gained from intensive archaeological field work carried out in the 1980s and from a detailed field prospection ofthe whole area belong among the richest collections of data collected for a specific region in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on the largest salvage excavation in Hořovice area carried out in Žebrák in 2000. 47 features dated into the II and III grade of...
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Galeta, Patrik. "Struktura populace a modelování jejích změn: Neolitická demografická tranzice ve střední Evropě." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-311382.
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Neolithic dispersal in Europe has been alternatively explained through spread of farmers (migrationist position) or by adoption of farming by Mesolithic foragers (indigenist position). Mixed explanations have considered a combination of both processes. Neolithic dispersal in Central Europe was traditionally viewed as migrationist process. It was believed that farmers colonized the area and replaced indigenous foragers. During the last decade, authors have adhered to integrationist view as they have observed the continuity between Mesolithic and Neolithic technologies. Interestingly, the most recent genetic analyses again invoked the idea of colonization. Surprisingly, little attention has been paid to demographic modeling. The farming quickly spread in Central Europe between 5 600 and 5 400 calBC. Assuming colonization, Neolithic dispersal in Central Europe would have to be associated with high fertility rate of farmers. Our goal was to test whether the fertility rate of farmers was high enough to allow them to colonize Central Europe without admixture with local foragers. We produced four stochastic models of population dynamics of farmers during their colonization in Central Europe. The principle of Model 1-3 is based on methods of population projections. Model 4 stems from the wave of advance...
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Hroníková, Linda. "Traseologická analýza neolitické štípané industrie z lokalit Bylany, Miskovice, Mšeno a Tachlovice." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-281298.
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Silva, Ana Maria Gama da. "Antropologia funerária e paleobiologia das populações portuguesas (litorais) do neolitico final/calcolitico." Doctoral thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/1582.
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O objectivo da presente investigação foi aprofundar o conhecimento existente sobre as comunidades humanas que viveram no território português no Neolítico final e Calcolítico (entre ± 4700 BP e 3900 BP). As sete séries osteológicas seleccionadas, foram exumadas dos principais tipos de monumentos funerários (dólmen, gruta natural, gruta artificial e tholos) utilizados durante este período como locais de enterramento colectivo. Representam 927 indivíduos (615 adultos e 312 não adultos). No âmbito da Antropologia funerária destaca-se a importância do método da pesagem dos diferentes tipos de ossos no estudo da representatividade óssea, que permite uma interpretação mais precisa dos gestos funerários ocorridos no interior do túmulo, incluíndo do tipo de inumação. A abordagem paleodemográfica revelou para todas as séries uma sub-representatividade de indivíduos com menos de 5 anos, não permitindo, no entanto, excluir de se tratarem de populações naturais. Na análise morfológica destacam-se duas particularidades que devem ter tido implicações importantes na mobilidade da articulação coxo femoral destes indivíduos pré-históricos: o baixo ângulo do colo femoral e a posição da cabeça femoral relativamente ao grande trocânter. Se o primeiro foi interpretado como sendo consequência de um grande esforço físico exercido sobre a articulação da anca durante a infância, para o segundo foi proposto como possível diagnóstico, uma displasia do crescimento ósseo de origem genética (hipocondroplasia). Na documentação das doenças (detectáveis nos ossos) que afectaram estas comunidades pré-históricas sobressai a baixa incidência dos principais tipos pesquisados: oral, infecciosa, traumática e degenerativa. Contudo, três patologias raras foram pela primeira vez descritas: uma perfuração por uma ponta de seta; uma fusão calcâneo-navicular não óssea e vários casos de osteochondritis dissecans. Por fim, investigou-se as afinidades genéticas entre as diferentes séries, recorrendo aos caracteres não métricos dentários, não tendo sido detectadas diferenças significativas.The aim of this research work was to deepen the current knowledge about the human communities that lived in the Portuguese territory in the late Neolithic/Chalcolithic (± 4700 BP and 3900 BP). The seven osteological series selected for this work were exhumed from the main types of funerary monuments (dolmen, natural or artificial caves and tholoi) used as collective burial places during the late Neolithic/Chalcolithic. They are a total of 927 individuals (615 adults and 312 non-adults). In the scope of the funerary Anthropology it is relevant the demonstration of the usefulness of the method of weighting the different kinds of bones in the study of the bone representativity, which allows a more accurate interpretation of the funerary gestures that occurred into the tomb, and thus of the kind of inhumation. The demographic approach showed for all the series a generalized under-representativity of individuals under the age of five. However, the results don’t permit to exclude that they represent natural populations. In the morphological analysis two details are distinguished which must have had important influence in the mobility of the hip joint of these pre-historic individuals: the low angle of the femoral neck and the position of the femoral head towards the greater trochanter. The former was interpreted as being a consequence of a heavy physical effort upon the hip joint during childhood, as for the latter, we suggest a bone growth dysplasia from genetic cause as a possible diagnosis (hypochondroplasia). In the documentation of the diseases (detectable in the bones), which affected these pre-historic communities, it is much more noticed the low incidence of the main types of investigated pathologies: oral, infectious, traumatic and degenerative. However, some specific real cases deserve a special reference, because they are not only rare, but also the first cases that are described for Portuguese pre-historic series: a wound made by an arrowhead, non-osteocid calcaneus-navicular fusion and several cases of Osteochondritis dissecans. Finally, the genetic affinities between the different series were investigated using the non-metric dental traits. Although no significant differences had been detected.
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Priehodová, Edita. "Význam neolitické expanze ve střední Evropě - posouzení fylogenetického stáří mtDNA haploskupin u české populace." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312514.
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Agriculture, with different Neolithic cultures, starts in the Near East more than 10,000 years ago. This new way of life has very different archaeological manifestations that previous Mesolithic. After its Near Eastern emergence, the farming practices rapidly penetrated into southeastern Europe and the first signs of Neolithic in Central Europe are already 7,000 years old. It is being considered that the cultural innovations influenced demographic growth of the populations that have taken part in the Neolithic spread. In such situation, new mutations would have to fix and could form new specific haplogroups for Europe with ancestral ties to the Near East. Phylogeographic studies such as founder analysis of European and Near Eastern mtDNA sequences found that the European Neolithic component was enriched mainly by haplogroups J and T1, and that the genetic contribution of farming economy in European gene pool is about 10 - 20%. However, studies like these have not been yet realized in particular parts of Europe. The aim of this thesis is to disentangle the internal variability of Central European haplogroups J and T1 thought to be involved in the Neolithic demic diffusion. We classified these haplogroups from the HVS-I mtDNA sequences of 281 samples of the recent population of the Czech Republic. We...
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Reis, Helena Isabel Tomé. "O povoamento do Mesolítico final e Neolitico antigo do vale do Mira, no seu contexto regional." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/12215.
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Tese de mestrado, Arqueologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2014A presente dissertação pretendeu analisar aspectos territoriais, tecnológicos, culturais e simbólicos numa época de transição, em que as comunidades de caçadores - recolectores já estabelecidas no território do vale do rio Mira e da costa Sudoeste alentejana, assistem à chegada e implantação territorial das comunidades neolíticas. Procurou-se detectar as transformações sociais ocorridas nesta paisagem através do estudo da cultura material proveniente de colecções em depósito, de recentes prospecções arqueológicas e da conjugação destes com dados cronométricos e com a sua representação espacial através de software de S.I.G. De uma forma mais concreta, procurou-se encontrar possíveis continuidades e rupturas entre as últimas comunidades de caçadores-recolectores e primeiras sociedades produtoras, nos seguintes aspectos: modalidades de ocupação do território, cultura material, exploração de recursos alimentares e relação com a paisagem e com recursos naturais, expressos em aspectos culturais e simbólicos. O conjunto de dados analisado pretende responder a algumas questões pertinentes: Quais são os comportamentos humanos a nível da sua relação com o território detectáveis neste período em que se vive segundo lógicas de caça-recolecção e princípios de armazenamento e produção de alimentos? De que forma estes comportamentos traduzem os resultados da interacção entre os grupos mesolíticos e neolíticos? O teor destas questões insere-se no debate da neolitização do Portugal Meridional, para o qual esta investigação pretende contribuir.
Abstract: The aim of this dissertation is to analyze territorial, technological, cultural and symbolic aspects of the transitional period when the hunter-gatherer groups, established on the Mira valley and the Southwest coast of Alentejo area, witness the arrival and territorial implantation of the Neolithic communities. It is intended to identify the social transformations occurred on this landscape through the study of the material culture from deposited collections, the performing of archaeological surveys, the conjunction of this information with chronometrical data and its spatial representation using G.I.S. software. More precisely, it is proposed to identify possible continuities and ruptures between the last hunter-gatherers and the first food producing societies, on the following aspects: patterns of landscape use, material culture, exploitation of food resources and its relationship with the landscape and natural resources, expressed on cultural and symbolic aspects. The analysis performed intends to answer some pertinent questions: How were the human behaviors in terms of its relationship with the landscape during this period, characterized by the presence of both hunter-gathering with beginnings of storage practices and food producing economies? How did those behaviors reflect the occurrence of interaction between Mesolithic and Neolithic groups? The contents of these questions are part of the on-going neolithization debate in Southern Portugal, to which this research intends to contribute.
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涂權鴻. "A study of the ornament of the painted pottery in the Huanghe river areas in the Neolitic age:using Majiayao culture as an example." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88934685299703780990.
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