Journal articles: 'Neonatal medicine'

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Fudge, Alan M. "Neonatal Medicine." AAV Today 1, no. 2 (1987): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30134374.

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Randis, Tara M., and Richard A. Polin. "Neonatal medicine." Current Opinion in Pediatrics 28, no. 2 (April 2016): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mop.0000000000000342.

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Ryan, S. "Neonatal medicine." Postgraduate Medical Journal 73, no. 865 (November 1, 1997): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.73.865.767-b.

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O’Brien, Fiona, David Clapham, Kamelia Krysiak, Hannah Batchelor, Peter Field, Grazia Caivano, Marisa Pertile, Anthony Nunn, and Catherine Tuleu. "Making Medicines Baby Size: The Challenges in Bridging the Formulation Gap in Neonatal Medicine." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 11 (May 31, 2019): 2688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112688.

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The development of age-appropriate formulations should focus on dosage forms that can deliver variable yet accurate doses that are safe and acceptable to the child, are matched to his/her development and ability, and avoid medication errors. However, in the past decade, the medication needs of neonates have largely been neglected. The aim of this review is to expand on what differentiates the needs of preterm and term neonates from those of the older paediatric subsets, in terms of environment of care, ability to measure and administer the dose (from the perspective of the patient and carer, the routes of administration, the device and the product), neonatal biopharmaceutics and regulatory challenges. This review offers insight into those challenges posed by the formulation of medicinal products for neonatal patients in order to support the development of clinically relevant products.

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Zisovska, Elizabeta, Blerina Koshi, and Renata Slaveska-Raichki. "A study of off-label and unlicensed medicines use in neonatal units." Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin 62, no. 2 (2016): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2016.62.02.008.

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Despite all efforts to improve the on-label use of licensed medicines for neonates, there is still high percentage and demands of offlabel and unlicensed medicines use in neonatal therapy. Therefore, the general objective of this survey is to provide a description of off-label and unlicensed medicines use within the neonatal therapeutic areas in a Department of Neonatology, University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. All analyzed prescriptions were given in accordance with the Evidence Based Guidelines applied in the Department. During the three months’ period in 2015, there were given 1595 prescriptions, comprising 3.99 prescriptions per newborn during the hospital stay. Out of them, 532 (33.3%) were on-label medicine uses, 1052 (66%) were off-label medicines, and 11 prescriptions (0.7%) were unlicensed medicines. The results from this study show the high level of off-label medicine use in neonatal therapy. These results present only the “top of the iceberg” and require more comprehensive analysis that will gradually evolve in a National Guideline on off-label use areas in pediatric medicine, especially for critically ill newborns who are prescribed much more life-saving medicines.

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Yue, Yan, Libin Chen, Imti Choonara, Tao Xiong, Shalini Ojha, Jun Tang, Yan Wang, et al. "Cross-sectional study of drug utilisation in a Chinese neonatal unit." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 5 (May 2020): 030006052091419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520914197.

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Objective This study aimed to describe drug utilisation in a large Chinese neonatal unit and to compare the findings with those from other countries. Methods Data were collected from electronic medical records. Prescription drugs were defined as the number of unique medication names for each patient. Medicine doses were defined as the total number of doses of all medicines administered. Information was collected regarding drugs prescribed to inpatients between March 1 and April 1 2018 in the neonatal intensive care unit and the general neonatal ward of West China Second University Hospital. Results The 319 neonates received 1276 prescription drugs and 11,410 medicine doses involving 81 drugs. Vitamin K1, hepatitis B vaccine, and cefoperazone-sulbactam were the three most frequently prescribed drugs. Antimicrobials were the most frequently used group of medicines, with cefoperazone-sulbactam and piperacillin-tazobactam the most frequently used in an off-label manner. Domperidone and simethicone were both widely used. Conclusions The most commonly prescribed antimicrobials differed greatly from those reported for other countries. The evidence base for the use of some medicines is poor, and is indicative of irrational prescribing.

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McGurk, Valerie. "Essential Neonatal Medicine." Nursing Children and Young People 30, no. 5 (September 12, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ncyp.30.5.13.s10.

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Fanos, Vassilios, and Murat Yurdakök. "Personalized Neonatal Medicine." Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 23, sup3 (September 7, 2010): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2010.513103.

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Nickel, Robert Sheppard, and Cassandra D. Josephson. "Neonatal Transfusion Medicine." Clinics in Perinatology 42, no. 3 (September 2015): 499–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2015.04.006.

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Patel, Ravi Mangal, and Amy Keir. "Neonatal Transfusion Medicine." Clinics in Perinatology 50, no. 4 (December 2023): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-5108(23)00091-x.

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Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga, Samath D. Dharmaratne, and Dhammica S. Rowel. "Neonatal care cost of “adverse neonatal outcome” following term deliveries in SriLanka." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 22, no. 2 (April 11, 2023): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v22i2.64988.

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Objective: To analyse the neonatal care cost of ‘adverse neonatal outcome’ following term deliveries (37 completed weeks - 41 completed weeks and 6 days) at Teaching Hospital Kandy. Method: This study was conducted from the 26th of February to the 20th of May 2015. This is a cost analysis to explore the neonatal care cost of term neonates with ‘adverse neonatal outcome’. ‘Adverse neonatal outcome’ was defined as a composite measure of neonatal death and morbidity, which needed admission to a neonatal care unit or neonatal intensive care unit before the initial discharge point. The perspective taken was that of the Ministry of Health Sri Lanka (MOHSL). One hundred and seventy-five eligible term neonates with ‘adverse neonatal outcome’ were recruited for the study consecutively until the required sample size is fulfilled. Results: Out of all term neonates delivered during the study period, 15.84% (n=175/1105) were admitted to the Neonatal Care Unit (NCU). During the study period, the total neonatal care cost(for 175 term neonates) was LKR. 12,140,040 (USD 89305),of which 69.0% was due to staff salaries and allowances. The median total neonatal care cost per term neonates with ‘adverse neonatal outcome’ was LKR. 50,193 (USD369) with an interquartile range of LKR. 39,047 (USD 287) to LKR. 79,638 (USD 586) Respiratory distress syndrome was the condition that required the most significant proportion (25%) of total neonatal care cost of term neonates with ‘adverse neonatal outcome’. Birth asphyxia was the most costly neonatal condition to manage as per the neonate median neonatal care cost (LKR.71278, USD 524). Conclusion: Expenditure on the ‘adverse neonatal outcome’ of term neonates was considerable. Birth asphyxia was the most costly neonatal condition to manage as per the median neonatal care cost. So, it is essential to strengthening the preventive strategies to reduce the ‘adverse neonatal outcome’ among term neonates. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 02 April’23 Page : 316-322

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&NA;. "Paediatric and neonatal medicine." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1062 (November 1996): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199610620-00032.

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MacLeay, Jennifer. "Advances in neonatal medicine." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 20, no. 2 (February 2000): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0737-0806(00)80483-9.

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Sanchez, L. Chris. "Neonatal Medicine and Surgery." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 21, no. 2 (August 2005): xi—xii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2005.04.012.

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Brinchmann, Berit Støre. "Neonatal Medicine in Norway." Journal of Clinical Ethics 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jce200112317.

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Bittmann, Stefan, Elisabeth Luchter, and Elena Moschüring-Alieva. "Incubators in Neonatal Medicine." Asian Journal of Pediatric Research 14, no. 4 (April 2, 2024): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajpr/2024/v14i4341.

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The incubator for children to improve the survival chances of premature and immature newborns was developed in France as early as 1857. The first device in the United States was built by William Champion Deming at the State Emigrant Hospital on Ward's Island, New York. The first baby placed in it was Edith Eleanor McLean, who weighed 1106 grams at birth on September 7, 1888. The device was heated by 57 liters of water. Precursors to these devices, which mimic the consistent temperature in the womb, were the Ruehl cradle in Moscow in 1835 and the "warm bath" introduced by Credé in Leipzig in 1864. The technology of that time is incomparable to the technology of today's incubators and microbiological incubators.

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Rallis, Dimitrios, Maria Baltogianni, Konstantina Kapetaniou, Chrysoula Kosmeri, and Vasileios Giapros. "Bioinformatics in Neonatal/Pediatric Medicine—A Literature Review." Journal of Personalized Medicine 14, no. 7 (July 18, 2024): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm14070767.

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Bioinformatics is a scientific field that uses computer technology to gather, store, analyze, and share biological data and information. DNA sequences of genes or entire genomes, protein amino acid sequences, nucleic acid, and protein–nucleic acid complex structures are examples of traditional bioinformatics data. Moreover, proteomics, the distribution of proteins in cells, interactomics, the patterns of interactions between proteins and nucleic acids, and metabolomics, the types and patterns of small-molecule transformations by the biochemical pathways in cells, are further data streams. Currently, the objectives of bioinformatics are integrative, focusing on how various data combinations might be utilized to comprehend organisms and diseases. Bioinformatic techniques have become popular as novel instruments for examining the fundamental mechanisms behind neonatal diseases. In the first few weeks of newborn life, these methods can be utilized in conjunction with clinical data to identify the most vulnerable neonates and to gain a better understanding of certain mortalities, including respiratory distress, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sepsis, or inborn errors of metabolism. In the current study, we performed a literature review to summarize the current application of bioinformatics in neonatal medicine. Our aim was to provide evidence that could supply novel insights into the underlying mechanism of neonatal pathophysiology and could be used as an early diagnostic tool in neonatal care.

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Student. "ORDP: A NEW RUBRIC IN NEONATAL MEDICINE?" Pediatrics 84, no. 3 (September 1, 1989): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.84.3.499.

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Oxygen radical injury may be a common pathogenic mechanism in several neonatal diseases. The list includes but is not limited to retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, suabependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing entercolitis. The greater incidence of these disorders in preterm infants suggests that some aspect of prematurity increases susceptibility to the effects of toxic oxygen species. Saugstad has proposed the term "oxygen radical disease in neonatology" to describe the apparent propensity of neonates to oxygen radical injury. Because of the greater incidence in preterm infants, perhaps a better name for this disorder would be "oxygen radical disease of prematurity."

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Wyllie, Thomas, and Jessica Girvin. "P22 Unlicensed medicines use in neonates: do we know what we’re giving?" Archives of Disease in Childhood 107, no. 5 (April 20, 2022): e25.24-e25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-nppg.30.

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BackgroundThe use of unlicensed and off-label medicines is common within neonatal intensive care.1 Their use presents challenges, including inconsistent supply, high cost and lack of information together with increased risk of medication errors and adverse drug reactions.1 2 Despite these significant drawbacks, the dearth of products licensed for the neonatal population necessitates the routine use of these medicines.3 4‘Unlicensed’ describes medicines that do not have a marketing authorisation, whereas an off-label medicine is a licensed product used outside of the terms of its licensing, i.e., for a different age, dose or route.2AimDetermine health care professional’s (HCP’s) knowledge of the license status of medicines in common use on a tertiary neonatal unit. Explore how confident they are in using unlicensed and off label medicines.MethodA survey was developed to examine the views of HCPs regarding unlicensed medicines and their knowledge of the licensing status of medicines used routinely in their practice. Doctors, nurses and advanced neonatal nurse practitioners (ANNPs) working on a tertiary neonatal unit were invited to complete the survey.The survey asked whether HCPs felt they understood what unlicensed medicines were and whether they thought they knew the license status of the medicines they prescribe/administer. A second section was a list of 20 commonly used drugs and HCPs were asked to specify for each if it was a licensed, unlicensed or off-label use.ResultsAll HCP respondents (n=28) answered that they understood the concept of unlicensed medicines (partially or fully) and that they were confident in using them (89% reported confidence ≥3 out of 5).Tested on their knowledge of the license status of specific medicines, the average number of medicines that each respondent correctly identified was 8.9 out of 20 (range 5-13, median 9). Prescribers who scored themselves higher on the question ‘Do you know the license status of the medicines you prescribe?’ knew the license status of more medicines when tested (correlation coefficient = 0.775, p=0.0002). This correlation was not observed for nurses and there was no correlation with number of years of experience within neonatology.Only a minority of prescribers (three) said they would look up the license status of a medicine before prescribing. When asked what resource they would use to find out the license status, most respondents said British National Formulary for Children.ConclusionHCPs working on a tertiary neonatal unit reported that they understood the concept of unlicensed and off-label medicines and felt confident in prescribing and administering them. However, there is a lack of awareness of the licensing status of drugs in common use. Prescribers had good insight into the gap in their knowledge but did not seek out information on medication license status before prescribing.The routine use of medicines outside their product licenses may have created a culture where there is felt to be no need to be aware of the status of a specific medicine. Further research is warranted into how to best communicate the license status of medicines to HCPs.ReferencesConroy S, McIntyre J, Choonara I. Unlicensed and off label drug use in neonates. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1999 Mar 1;80:F142-145.Rawlence E, Lowey A, Tomlin S, Auyeung V. Is the provision of paediatric oral liquid unlicensed medicines safe? Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2018;103:310-313.Kieran EA, O’Callaghan N, O’Donnell CP. Unlicensed and off-label drug use in an Irish neonatal intensive care unit: a prospective cohort study. Acta Paediatrica 2014;103:e139-142.Costa HT, Costa TX, Martins RR, Oliveira AG. Use of off-label and unlicensed medicines in neonatal intensive care. PloS one 2018 Sep 25;13:e0204427.

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Cantero Noguera, Cielos Jemima, Deisy Beatriz Colmán Gómez, Shirley Rocío Oviedo Ramírez, and Alba María Cordone Ramos. "Características clínicas de la mortalidad neonatal en un hospital de tercer nivel del Paraguay: un estudio observacional retrospectivo." Medicina Clínica y Social 7, no. 2 (May 5, 2023): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52379/mcs.v7i2.294.

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Introducción: La mortalidad neonatal sigue siendo un importante problema de salud pública en todo el mundo, especialmente en países en desarrollo. La mayoría de las muertes neonatales son atribuibles a complicaciones prevenibles, como la prematuridad, la sepsis neonatal y la asfixia al nacer. Objetivo: Determinar las características clínicas de la mortalidad neonatal en un hospital de tercer nivel del Paraguay mediante un estudio observacional retrospectivo. Metodología: El presente estudio es de diseño observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo, se realizó en el Hospital de Clínicas de Paraguay. Este diseño permitió obtener información de los registros médicos de los recién nacidos atendidos en el hospital durante un período de cinco años. Resultados: En el periodo comprendido entre el 2018 y el 2022, se registraron un total de 131 casos de mortalidad neonatal en el Hospital de Clínicas del Paraguay. El peso medio al nacer de 2009,5 ± 991,4 kilogramos y una edad gestacional media de 32,87 ± 4,5 semanas. Los diagnósticos de óbito más frecuentes en los neonatos fueron sepsis (37 casos), afectación cardiaca (61 casos) y síndrome genético (39 casos). Discusión: Los datos obtenidos del estudio sugieren que existen factores de riesgo maternos y neonatales que están vinculados con la mortalidad neonatal en el Hospital de Clínicas del Paraguay. Se necesitan estudios posteriores que permitan profundizar en el análisis de estos factores y que permitan el desarrollo de estrategias preventivas para disminuir la tasa de mortalidad neonatal en el país.

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Singh, C. P., and Swadha Seep. "Assessment of the prevalence of meningitis in clinically suspected cases of early and late onset neonatal sepsis." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 11, no. 2 (January 25, 2024): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240090.

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Background: Meningitis is more common in the neonatal period than any other time in life and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally. In India, rate of neonatal sepsis is reported 0.5 per 1000 live births. The major burden of neonatal sepsis and meningitis occurs in the developing world. According to WHO estimates there are approximately 5 million neonatal deaths in a year. The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of meningitis in neonates with clinical suspicion of sepsis. Methods: The study was conducted among suspected cases of neonatal septicemia in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), department of pediatrics, VPIMS, Lucknow. It is a prospective observational study. A total of 180 neonates were included in the study. Results: Out of 180 neonates, CSF examination of 131 (72.78%) neonates was normal, of 37 (20.56%) was suggestive of meningitis. Prevalence of meningitis in neonatal sepsis was 20.0%. It was 18.0% in early neonatal sepsis and 32.6% in late neonatal sepsis cases. Conclusions: The findings of present study suggested that there is a high risk of meningitis among neonatal sepsis cases. Cases with risk factors like twin birth, anemia, low TLC, low platelet count, acid-base imbalance and X-ray findings suggestive of pneumonitis should be kept in a high-risk category.

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da Silva, Samara Cecília Sabino Pereira, Ana Paula Esmeraldo Lima, Aloisia Pimentel Barros, Gabriela Cunha Schechtman Sette, and Naélia Vidal de Negreiros Silva. "NEAR MISS E MORTALIDADE NEONATAL EM UM HOSPITAL ESCOLA." RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218 4, no. 3 (March 13, 2023): e432855. http://dx.doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v4i3.2855.

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O estudo teve como objetivo descrever os casos de near miss e mortalidade neonatal em um hospital escola na cidade do Recife-PE, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de corte transversal. A população foi composta por 2426 neonatos nascidos no ano de 2017. O estudo utilizou dados secundários, realizando-se um linkage com os dados oriundos do Sistema de Informações sobre os Nascidos Vivos e do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade; procedeu-se à análise descritiva dos dados e foram calculados os indicadores near miss neonatal e a taxa de mortalidade neonatal precoce. No ano de 2017, entre o grupo analisado, ocorreram 35 mortes neonatais, das quais 82,9% foram precoces. Os casos near miss identificados corresponderam a 8,4% (203) do total de nascidos vivos. O maior número de casos near miss (27,6%) foi classificado pelo internamento na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Observou-se neste estudo altas taxas de morbidade near miss e da mortalidade neonatal precoce.

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Majeed, Maryam, Daniyal Ahmed, Danish Hanif, Hamna Khaliq, Ali Ahmad, and Zunaira Asghar Awan. "Diagnostic Accuracy of Cord Blood Bilirubin in Predicting Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia, Taking Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia within One Week of Birth as Gold Standard." Life and Science 4, no. 4 (October 5, 2023): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.347.

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Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of cord blood bilirubin in predicting neonatalhyperbilirubinemia, taking neonatal hyperbilirubinemia within one week of birth as the gold standard.Study Design: Across-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The Study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan from 7 September 2020 to 6 March 2021.Methods: A total of 366 term neonates of both gendersgenders were included. Neonates with congenital hypothyroidism, neonatal hepatitis, biliary atresia, and sepsis were excluded. After getting informed consent from parents, a cord blood sample was taken and sent to the institutional laboratory for measuring total bilirubin levels, and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (yes/no) was noted. All neonates were followed by the researcher for one week and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was noted.Results: The study yielded 193 true positive and 14 false positive cases, along with 7 false negative and 152 true negative cases, with a statistically significant p-value of 0.0001. Overall, the diagnostic accuracy of cord blood bilirubin in predicting neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, using neonatal hyperbilirubinemia within one week of birth as the gold standard, was found to be 96.50% for sensitivity, 91.57% for specificity, 93.24% for positive predictive value, 95.60% for negative predictive value, and 94.26% for diagnostic accuracy.Conclusion: This study has shown that cord blood bilirubin has a rather good diagnostic accuracy for predicting newborn hyperbilirubinemia. How to cite this: Majeed M, Ahmed D, Hanif D, Khaliq H, Ahmad A, Khan ZA. Diagnostic Accuracy of Cord Blood Bilirubin in Predicting Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia, Taking Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia within One Week of Birth as Gold Standard. Life and Science. 2023; 4(4): 401-409. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.347

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Chen, Jeng-Chang, Cheng-Chi Chan, Nai-Chun Ting, and Ming-Ling Kuo. "Allergen Exposure in Murine Neonates Promoted the Development of Asthmatic Lungs." Biomedicines 9, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9060688.

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We previously demonstrated that fetal allergen exposure caused T-helper 2 (Th2) cell sensitization. Although neonates are immunologically more mature than fetuses, asthmatic lungs were reportedly mitigated by neonatal allergen administration, mechanically referring to regulatory T-cells and TGF-β signaling but lacking the immunological profiles after neonatal exposure. To reappraise the immunological outcome of neonatal allergen exposure, we injected adjuvant-free ovalbumin intraperitoneally into 2-day-old BALB/c neonates, followed by aerosolized ovalbumin inhalation in adulthood. Mice were examined for the immunological profiles specifically after neonatal exposures, lung function and histology (hematoxylin-eosin or periodic acid Schiff staining), and gene expressions of intrapulmonary cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IFN-γ) and chemokines (CCL17, CCL22, CCL11 and CCL24). Neonatal ovalbumin exposure triggered Th2-skewed sensitization and ovalbumin-specific IgE production. Subsequent ovalbumin inhalation in adulthood boosted Th2 immunity and caused asthmatic lungs with structural and functional alterations of airways. Gender difference mainly involved airway hyperresponsiveness and resistance with greater female susceptibility to methacholine bronchospastic stimulation. In lungs, heightened chemoattractant gene expressions were only granted to neonatally ovalbumin-sensitized mice with aerosolized ovalbumin stress in adulthood, and paralleled by upregulated Th2 cytokine genes. Thus, aeroallergen stress in atopic individuals might upregulate the expression of intrapulmonary chemoattractants to recruit Th2 cells and eosinophils into the lungs, pathogenically linked to asthma development. Conclusively, murine neonates were sensitive to allergen exposures. Exposure events during neonatal stages were crucial to asthma predisposition in later life. These findings from a murine model point to allergen avoidance in neonatal life, possibly even very early in utero, as the best prospect of primary asthma prevention.

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Francis, P. "Neonatal and paediatric respiratory medicine." Medical Journal of Australia 145, no. 2 (July 1986): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1986.tb101094.x.

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Campbell, Douglas M., and Rita Dadiz. "Simulation in neonatal transport medicine." Seminars in Perinatology 40, no. 7 (November 2016): 430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2016.08.003.

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McKenzie, S. "Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Medicine." Archives of Disease in Childhood 61, no. 5 (May 1, 1986): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.61.5.529-a.

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Raith, Wolfgang. "Auricular Medicine in Neonatal Care." Medical Acupuncture 30, no. 3 (June 2018): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/acu.2018.1299.

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Hen, Jacob. "NEONATAL AND PEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY MEDICINE." Pediatric Annals 16, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 446–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0090-4481-19870501-13.

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d'Aloja, E., M. Müller, F. Paribello, R. Demontis, and A. Faa. "Neonatal asphyxia and forensic medicine." Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 22, sup3 (January 2009): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767050903198397.

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Gupta, Girish. "Communication Skills in Neonatal Medicine." Journal of Neonatology 19, no. 3 (September 2005): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973217920050316.

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Chetcuti, P., and DavidJ Field. "ASSESSING WORKLOAD IN NEONATAL MEDICINE." Lancet 334, no. 8673 (November 1989): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91830-8.

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Christensen, Robert D., Sandra E. Juul, and Antonio Del Vecchio. "Neonatal Hematology and Transfusion Medicine." Clinics in Perinatology 42, no. 3 (September 2015): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-5108(15)00068-8.

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Hay, William W., Elizabeth Thilo, and Julia Brockway Curlander. "Pulse Oximetry in Neonatal Medicine." Clinics in Perinatology 18, no. 3 (September 1991): 441–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-5108(18)30507-4.

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Saugstad, Ola Didrik. "Moral Dilemmas in Neonatal Medicine." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 7, S1 (January 1991): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300012666.

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Modern neonatal medicine raises a series of fundamental ethical questions. In the confrontation with these and in attempting to solve them, basic concepts concerning human life and death should be discussed. On what values do we base our practice? Terms such as human, right to life, sanctity of life, equality, and justice should all be considered with reference to the sick newborn baby. Leading Anglo-American contemporary philosophers who deal with such concepts have a tendency to link them to the autonomy of the individual. Is this a fruitful approach when dealing with ethical questions in neonatal medicine? In the following, I will exemplify this to elucidate the problem.

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Job, Leela, Douglas D. Deming, Andrew O. Hopper, and Ricardo L. Peverini. "Air transport in neonatal medicine." Seminars in Neonatology 4, no. 4 (November 1999): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/siny.1999.0107.

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Warner, J. O. "Neonatal and Paediatric Respiratory Medicine." British Journal of Diseases of the Chest 80 (January 1986): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-0971(86)90105-1.

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Yurdakök, Murat. "Neonatal medicine in ancient art." Turkish Journal of Pediatrics 52, no. 2 (April 25, 2010): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24953/turkjped.2010.1896.

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There are a limited number of artistic objects from ancient times with particular importance in neonatal medicine. The best examples are figurines from ancient Egypt of Isis nursing Horus, showing the importance of breastfeeding. The earliest images of the human fetus were made by the Olmecs in Mexico around 1200- 400 BCE. One of the earliest representations of congenital anomalies is a figurine of diencephalic twins thought to be the goddess of Anatolia, dated to around 6500 BCE. In addition to these figurines, three sets of twins in the ancient world have medical importance, and Renaissance artists often used them as a subject for their paintings: "direct suckling animals" (Romulus and Remus), "heteropaternal superfecundation" (mother: Leda, fathers: Zeus, the king of the Olympian gods, and Leda's husband, Tyndareus), and "twin-to-twin transfusion" in monozygotic twins (Jacob and Esau).

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Merenstein, Gerald, and Anita Glicken. "Best Evidence-Based Practices: A Historic Perspective." Neonatal Network 21, no. 5 (August 2002): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.21.5.31.

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Neonatologists, neonatal nurses, and others who care for critically ill newborns hope that the care they provide will improve the health and the neurodevelopmental outcome of these neonates. In this progressive era of neonatal medicine, we must pause to look backward even as we look forward, taking full advantage of the opportunity to reflect on our short history and to review several important events in neonatal medicine that have contributed in a meaningful way to the evolution of evidence-based neonatal care. Six interventions highlight why randomized controlled trials are necessary to understand the risks and benefits of our interventions with premature and critically ill infants. We hope this history of the evolving practice of evidence-based neonatal care will enable the reader to have a greater appreciation for the consideration of each and every intervention that we take on behalf of the infants in our care.

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Kilicci, Cetin, Cigdem Yayla Abide, Enis Ozkaya, Evrim Bostancı Ergen, İlter Yenidede, Neriman Basak Baksu, Resul Karakus, and Seda Kucukoglu. "Confounders for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admission ın Neonates of Mothers with Preeclampsia." Gynecology Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine 24, no. 3 (December 25, 2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.21613/gorm.2018.804.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of some maternal and neonatal clinical parameters on the neonatal intensive care unit admission rates of neonates born to mothers who had preeclampsia. Study Design: Study included 402 singleton pregnant women with preeclampsia who admitted to Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit of Zeynep Kamil Children and Women’s Health Training and Research Hospital. Pregnancies with uterine rupture, chorioamnionitis and congenital malformations were excluded. Some maternal and neonatal clinical characteristics were assessed to predict neonatal intensive care unit admission.Results: Among 402 neonates, 140 (35%) of them had an indication for neonatal intensive care unit admission, among 140 neonates, 136 (97%) of them were preterm neonates. Comparison of groups with and without neonatal intensive care unit admission indicated significant differences between groups in terms of gestational age, Apgar scores at 1st and 5th minutes, birth weight, some maternal laboratory parameters (Hemoglobin, hematocrit, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin). In multivariate analysis, among all study population, gestational age at delivery, birth weight and Apgar scores were found to be significantly associated with neonatal intensive care unit admission. On the other hand, in subgroup of term neonates, none of the variables was shown to be associated with neonatal intensive care unit admission.Conclusion: Gestational age at delivery and the birth weight are the main risk factors for neonatal intensive care unit admission of neonates born to mothers who had preeclampsia.

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Chabra, Shilpi, and Taylor Sawyer. "Ten Commandments for Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Fellows." Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 5 (January 2018): 238212051879863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2382120518798639.

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The transformation of a general pediatrician into a neonatologist requires rigorous training in a diverse range of core skills during neonatal-perinatal medicine fellowship. This training includes the care of high-risk newborn infants, as well as interdisciplinary communication with care team members and families in the neonatal intensive care unit. In addition, neonatal-perinatal medicine fellows need to acquire competency in key procedurals skills, including neonatal resuscitation techniques, to be able to safely practice neonatology without direct supervision on graduation. Although there is much general advice available to help residents and fellows navigate training, there is little specific advice or guidance for neonatal fellows. In this Perspective, we present 10 commandments for neonatal fellows. The commandments include (1) cherish your patients and their families, (2) know your limits and seek help when needed, (3) understand competency-based medical education, (4) remember the 6 core competencies, (5) review your specialty milestones, (6) have an individualized learning plan, (7) seek out feedback, (8) honor your attendings and nurses, (9) appreciate the importance of teamwork, and (10) do not take thyself in vain. These commandments were developed based on the experience of the authors, working closely with neonatal fellows over several decades. The commandments are present not as unbreakable rules, but rather as words of advice from 2 neonatologists who, having completed their neonatal fellowship, want to help guide others do the same. We believe that this resource will be useful to fellowship programs and neonatal-perinatal fellows.

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Gineth Paola Francheska Alva Quiliche. "Síndrome de Burnout en Enfermeras y percepción materna del cuidado neonatal. Hospital La Caleta, Chimbote." Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar 7, no. 6 (December 4, 2023): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v7i6.8572.

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El presente trabajo de investigación es descriptivo correlacional, tuvo como objetivo general determinar la relación que existe entre el Síndrome de Burnout en enfermeras y la percepción materna del cuidado neonatal. La población estuvo constituida por 28 enfermeras y 70 madres de neonatos de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Hospital La Caleta. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron el cuestionario para determinar el grado de síndrome de burnout en enfermeras (MBI: Maslash Burnout Inventory) y, cuestionario de la percepción materna en el cuidado neonatal. Los datos fueron procesados en el software SPSS 26, llegando a las siguientes conclusiones: la mayoría presentan a nivel general grado medio del Síndrome de Burnout (77.1%), seguido de grado alto (14.3%) y con mínima proporción grado bajo (8.6%). Se observa alto grado de agotamiento emocional (82.9%), alto y medio en despersonalización (50.0% y 47.1% respectivamente) y, baja realización personal (82.9%). La mayoría presenta regular precepción materna del cuidado neonatal (65.7%) y buena el 34.3%. El síndrome de Burnout en enfermeras y la percepción materna del cuidado neonatal tienen una relación altamente significativamente (p=0.004).

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Wyllie, Thomas. "P17 Licensed, unlicensed or off-label? A snapshot of medicines used in neonatal intensive care." Archives of Disease in Childhood 108, no. 5 (April 19, 2023): 9.2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2023-nppg.16.

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BackgroundMedicines in the UK are licensed for use by the MHRA. The term ‘unlicensed’ describes medicines without a marketing authorisation in the UK.1whereas an off-label medicine is a licensed product used outside of the terms of its licensing, i.e., for a different age/population, dose or route.1The use of unlicensed medicines presents many challenges, including inconsistent supply, high cost and lack of information together with increased risk of medication errors and adverse drug reactions.1 2Despite these significant drawbacks, the dearth of products licensed for the neonatal population necessitates the routine use of these medicines.1Various studies have shown that the use of unlicensed and off-label medicines is common in a neonatal intensive care setting: in the UK in 1999,2and more recently in Brazil3and Norway.4AimProspectively record the license status of medicines prescribed on a tertiary neonatal unit to determine the relative numbers of licensed, off-label and unlicensed medicines administered.MethodMedication prescription charts were reviewed for a four-week period on a tertiary regional neonatal unit. Each medicine prescribed was recorded and the license status determined, taking into account the indication, patient characteristics and formulation used. Information was gathered on the number of different drugs used and the number of patients that they were prescribed for.ResultsOver the study period a total of 72 distinct medications were prescribed 404 times for 68 patients. Of the 404 prescriptions analysed during the study period, just over half (53%) were licensed medicines being used within their licensed indication. 31% were licensed medicines being used off-label and 15% were unlicensed medicines. 43% of the 72 medicines used were licensed but being used off-label. 36% were licensed medicines being used within their licensed indication and 21% of medicines were unlicensed. Of the licensed medicines being used off-label, the most common reason was that the indication/age was not covered by the summary of product characteristics (SPC). However, the detail given in the SPCs varied greatly and it was often challenging to determine whether specific uses were within the license. The top 3 most commonly prescribed medicines (gentamicin, benzylpenicillin and caffeine citrate) accounted for 29% of all prescriptions recorded and were all being used within their license.ConclusionThis study found that the majority (64%) of medicines used in neonatal intensive care during the study period were unlicensed or off-label, similar to other recent work in neonates.3However, when analysed by the number of prescription events, the majority of these (53%) were licensed. This was mainly due to a small number of licensed drugs which are used often, including antibiotics and caffeine citrate. A licensed form of caffeine citrate was released in 2012, which may partly explain why the proportion is higher in this study than Conroy et al in 19992who found only 35.4% of prescriptions were licensed. While this is a trend in the right direction, more work is needed to license medicines specifically for this vulnerable group of patients.ReferencesRawlence E, Lowey A, Tomlin S,et al. Is the provision of paediatric oral liquid unlicensed medicines safe?.Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed2018;103:310.Conroy S, McIntyre J, Choonara I. Unlicensed and off label drug use in neonates.Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed1999;80:F142–145.Costa HT, Costa TX, Martins RR,et al. Use of off-label and unlicensed medicines in neonatal intensive care.PloS One2018;13:e0204427.Teigen A, Wang S, Truong BT,et al. Off-label and unlicensed medicines to hospitalised children in Norway.J Pharm Pharmacol2017;69:432–438.

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Siddiqui, Muhammad Asif, Sehrish Masood, Tayyaba Khawar Butt, and Shahla Tariq. "Neonatal outcomes of birth asphyxia in tertiary care hospital of low-income country." Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University 15, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37018/unkh2664.

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Background: Pakistan has highest neonatal mortality in the region and birth asphyxia is one of the main preventable contributors to this. Objective of this study is to determine the frequency of different neonatal outcomes in neonates with birth asphyxia. Subjects & Methods: It was descriptive case series study conducted in Department of Pediatrics Medicine, Services Hospital, Lahore in 6 months period during 6th Dec 2016 to 5th June 2017. 150 cases were included using non probability, consecutive sampling with 95% confidence level, 6% margin of error taking an expected percentage of neonate mortality as 15%. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. Categorical variables i.e., gender and neonatal outcomes in terms of neonatal mortality, discharge and neurological complications were expressed by frequency and percentage. Post stratification chi square test was applied. A p-value of <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: The mean age of neonates was 3.09±0.8 hours. Outcomes of these neonates was seen in terms of mortality, discharge and neurological problems. Out of total 150 patients, 51 (34%) neonates expired and 99 (66%) neonates were survived. And neonates 69 (46%) neonates were diagnosed with neurological complications. Conclusion: We found, birth asphyxia has significant association with neonatal mortality and neurological complications. Prevention of birth asphyxia with appropriate resuscitation at birth may be helpful in reduction of morbidity and mortality due to birth asphyxia.Neonates

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Nellenbach, Kimberly A., Seema Nandi, Alexander Kyu, Supriya Sivadanam, Nina A. Guzzetta, and Ashley C. Brown. "Comparison of Neonatal and Adult Fibrin Clot Properties between Porcine and Human Plasma." Anesthesiology 132, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 1091–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000003165.

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Abstract Background Recent studies suggest that adult-specific treatment options for fibrinogen replacement during bleeding may be less effective in neonates. This is likely due to structural and functional differences found in the fibrin network between adults and neonates. In this investigation, the authors performed a comparative laboratory-based study between immature and adult human and porcine plasma samples in order to determine if piglets are an appropriate animal model of neonatal coagulopathy. Methods Adult and neonatal human and porcine plasma samples were collected from the Children’s Hospital of Atlanta and North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, respectively. Clots were formed for analysis and fibrinogen concentration was quantified. Structure was examined through confocal microscopy and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy. Function was assessed through atomic force microscopy nanoindentation and clotting and fibrinolysis assays. Lastly, novel hemostatic therapies were applied to neonatal porcine samples to simulate treatment. Results All sample groups had similar plasma fibrinogen concentrations. Neonatal porcine and human plasma clots were less branched with lower fiber densities than the dense and highly branched networks seen in adult human and porcine clots. Neonatal porcine and human clots had faster degradation rates and lower clot stiffness values than adult clots (stiffness [mmHg] mean ± SD: neonatal human, 12.15 ± 1.35 mmHg vs. adult human, 32.25 ± 7.13 mmHg; P = 0.016; neonatal pig, 10.5 ± 8.25 mmHg vs. adult pigs, 32.55 ± 7.20 mmHg; P = 0.015). The addition of hemostatic therapies to neonatal porcine samples enhanced clot formation. Conclusions The authors identified similar age-related patterns in structure, mechanical, and degradation properties between adults and neonates in porcine and human samples. These findings suggest that piglets are an appropriate preclinical model of neonatal coagulopathy. The authors also show the feasibility of in vitro model application through analysis of novel hemostatic therapies as applied to dilute neonatal porcine plasma. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New

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Kretsu, N. М., О. К. Koloskova, and О. О. Shakhova. "Myocardial dysfunction as a component of multiple organ discrepancy with neonatal sepsis." UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY AND PEDIATRICS, no. 2(90) (June 30, 2022): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/pp.2022.90.12.

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The formation of myocardial dysfunction in neonatal sepsis remains a topical issue in current neonatal practice. Myocardial dysfunction with neonatal sepsis is found to promote a double increase of neonatal loss rate, and maintenance of an adequate cardiac output is very important predictor for survival of patients with neonatal sepsis. Purpose - to study clinico-paraclinical markers of myocardial dysfunction in case of an alternative term of neonatal sepsis debut for timely verification and rational correction of cardiovascular disorders. Materials and methods. Considering various terms of neonatal sepsis manifestation with its early and late variants, a comparative analysis of clinical-paraclinical markers of generalized infectious-inflammatory process was made in 26 neonates at the stage of obstetrical aid (retrospective analysis) and in the intensive care departments for neonates and their resuscitation (prospective follow-up). According to the results of the analysis of medical records of newborns, the diagnosis of early neonatal sepsis was established in 14 (53.8%) newborns who were included in the clinical group I of the study, and the diagnosis of late neonatal sepsis was established in 12 (46.2%) newborns who were included in the clinical group II. Results. After birth general condition of patients from the group I was assessed as of moderate severity - in 1 (7.1%) and severe - in 13 (92.9%) neonates; in the group II the 2 neonates (16.7%) were in the condition of moderate severity (р>0.05) and 10 (83.3%) neonates were in severe condition (р>0.05). Assessment of cardiovascular constituent in the neonatal groups of comparison according to the constellation scale nSOFA in the means values did not differ reliably, though it was indicative of a tendency to deeper disorders in case of late neonatal sepsis. Conclusions. Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction is manifested by increase in the content of cardio-specific markers (creatine phosphokinase, МВ fraction, troponin I). An increased content of troponin I in the blood higher than that of the norm in case of late neonatal sepsis possesses a high inclination (83.3%) to the formation of myocardial dysfunction. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. Keywords: neonates, neonatal sepsis, myocardial dysfunction.

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Sertsu, Addisu, Kabtamu Nigussie, Addis Eyeberu, Abel Tibebu, Abraham Negash, Tamirat Getachew, Adera Debella, and Merga Dheresa. "Determinants of neonatal hypoglycemia among neonates admitted at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia: A retrospective cross-sectional study." SAGE Open Medicine 10 (January 2022): 205031212211418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121221141801.

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Objective: The study aimed to assess the magnitude and determinants of neonatal hypoglycemia among neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 698 randomly selected neonates at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2020. By looking at the charts, data were gleaned from the medical records. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify determinant factors of neonatal hypoglycemia. Association was described using an adjusted odds ratio along with a 95% CI. Finally, a p-value <0.05 in the adjusted analysis was considered to declare a statistically significant association. Results: Out of 698 neonates, 148 (21.2%; 95% CI: 18.3, 24.5) neonates had hypoglycemia. Preterm birth (AOR = 3.06; 95% CI: 1.02, 9.17), hypothermia (AOR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.22, 5.75), neonatal sepsis (AOR = 2.61; 95% CI: 1.03, 6.59), diabetic mother (AOR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.03, 5.33), and delay in initiation of breastfeeding for more than 1 h (AOR = 3.89; 95% CI: 1.17, 12.89) were identified as determinant factors of neonatal hypoglycemia. Conclusion: The magnitude of neonatal hypoglycemia was quite common among neonates. Neonatal hypoglycemia was found to be predicted by preterm birth, hypothermia, neonatal sepsis, maternal diabetes mellitus, and delay in starting nursing. We therefore strongly suggest health-care workers work in the postnatal unit to manage and control these and other determinant factors of hypoglycemia to prevent the occurrence of neonatal hypoglycemia.

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Gutema, Edosa Amente, Motuma Getachew Erena, and Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye. "Neonatal near miss and associated factors among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of hospitals in East Wollega, Western Ethiopia, 2019." SAGE Open Medicine 10 (January 2022): 205031212211074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121221107463.

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Background: Neonatal near miss is an infant who nearly died but survived from birth to 28 days. Neonatal period is the most vulnerable time for child’s healthiness and continued existence. Globally, about 2.5 million children died in their first month of life and 7000 die/day. Objective: To assess neonatal near miss and associated factors among neonates admitted to intensive care unit at hospitals in East Wollega, West Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: Quantitative, facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 15 July to 30 August 2019 on 403 neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of hospitals. After ethical clearance, five recruited and trained nurses collected the data with pretested structured questionnaire. Neonates sampled were selected using systematic random sampling. Data entered into Epi-info version 7.1 and exported to SPSS Version 24. Binary logistic regression was performed, and adjusted odds ratio with P-value ⩽ 0.05 at 95% confidence interval was used as statistically significant. Results: All, 403, study participants were included in this study, yielding 100% response rate. From these, 196 (48.60%) neonates were near miss. In multivariable logistic regression, mother who lived in rural area (adjusted odds ratio = 3.84, 95% confidence interval = (1.78, 8.31)), cesarean section (adjusted odds ratio = 10.68, 95% confidence interval = (2.95, 38.71)), and neonates referred to hospitals (adjusted odds ratio = 3.32, 95% confidence interval = (3.27, 12.01)). Also, female neonates (adjusted odds ratio = 2.99, 95% confidence interval = (1.45, 6.14)) and multiple birth (adjusted odds ratio = 3.07, 95% confidence interval = (1.32, 7.16)) were significantly associated with neonatal near miss. Conclusion: Neonatal near miss found to be high compared to previously existing research in Brazil. Health institutions, health professionals, and concerned bodies on plan and implementation of neonatal care need to consider these factors during pregnancy, delivery, and for neonates immediate after birth and in neonatal intensive care unit.

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Thomas Cartledge, Peter, Fidel Shofel Ruzibuka, Florent Rutagarama, Samuel Rutare, and Tanya Rogo. "Antibiotic prescribing practices in three neonatology units in Kigali, Rwanda. – an observational study." African Health Sciences 20, no. 4 (December 16, 2020): 1646–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i4.17.

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Introduction: There is limited published data on antibiotic use in neonatal units in resource-poor settings. Objectives: This study sought to describe antibiotic prescribing practices in three neonatology units in Kigali, Rwanda. Methods: A multi-center, cross-sectional study conducted in two tertiary and one urban district hospital in Kigali, Rwan- da. Participants were neonates admitted in neonatology who received a course of antibiotics during their admission. Data collected included risk factors for neonatal sepsis, clinical signs, symptoms, investigations for neonatal sepsis, antibiotics prescribed, and the number of deaths in the included cohort. Results: 126 neonates were enrolled with 42 from each site. Prematurity (38%) followed by membrane rupture more than 18 hours (25%) were the main risk factors for neonatal sepsis. Ampicillin and Gentamicin (85%) were the most commonly used first-line antibiotics for suspected neonatal sepsis. Most neonates (87%) did not receive a second-line antibiotic. Cefotaxime (11%), was the most commonly used second-line antibiotic. The median duration of antibiotic use was four days in all sur- viving neonates (m=113). In neonates with negative blood culture and normal C-reactive protein (CRP), the median duration of antibiotics was 3.5 days; and for neonates, with positive blood cultures, the median duration was 11 days. Thirteen infants died (10%) at all three sites, with no significant difference between the sites. Conclusion: The median antibiotic duration for neonates with normal lab results exceeded the recommended duration mandated by the national neonatal protocol. We recommend the development of antibiotic stewardship programs in neo- natal units in Rwanda to prevent the adverse effects which may be caused by inappropriate or excessive use of antibiotics. Keywords: (MeSH): Antimicrobial stewardship; anti-bacterial agents; neonatal sepsis; sepsis; infant mortality; neonatal intensive care units; Africa; Rwanda.

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Devkota, Kanchan, Piush Kanodia, and Bibek Joshi. "Sepsis among Neonates Admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in a Tertiary Care Centre." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 62, no. 270 (February 24, 2024): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.8431.

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Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a condition that carries a high risk for mortality as neonates rapidly transition to extra-uterine life and are subjected to various risk factors. Sepsis prevalence can be reduced by good antenatal care, early detection and treatment of risk factors. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of sepsis among neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in a tertiary care centre. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among neonates admitted to the neonatal care unit of a tertiary care centre after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Data of patients admitted from 12 December 2022 to 30 June 2023 was collected from hospital records. Symptomatic patients admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit were included and those with incomplete data were excluded from the study. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Among 379 neonates, the prevalence of sepsis was 138 (36.41%) (28.38-44.44, 95% Confidence Interval). A total of 98 (71.01%) had early-onset neonatal sepsis and 40 (28.99%) had late-onset neonatal sepsis. Conclusions: The prevalence of neonatal sepsis was found to be lower than other studies done in similar settings.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Neonatal medicine'

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