Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Neoplasia prostática'
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Brasil, Antonio Augusto Azevedo Vital. "Atrofia prostática em espécimes de prostatectomia radical = há relação topográfica com neoplasia intraepitelial prostática alto grau e adenocarcinoma?" [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308454.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: A relação entre a atrofia inflamatória com a neoplasia intraepitelial alto grau e o carcinoma, é controversa. Tem sido sugerida uma relação topográfica e que o epitélio proliferativo da atrofia inflamatória possa progredir para neoplasia intraepitelial prostática alto grau (NIPAG) e/ou carcinoma (CA). O propósito do nosso estudo foi analisar em espécimes de prostatectomia radical uma possível relação topográfica entre estas lesões. Um total de 3186 quadrantes pertencentes a 100 prostatectomias radicais completamente representadas, foi analisado. Determinou-se a frequência de quadrantes mostrando: somente atrofia inflamatória (AI), AI+CA, AI+NIPAG, ou AI+NIPAG+CA. A extensão e a distância entre as lesões foram avaliadas através de um método semiquantitativo de contagem de pontos previamente descrito. Também foram analisados focos de atrofia completa ou parcial sem inflamação. Os métodos estatísticos empregados foram os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney, e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. A média dos quadrantes exibindo somente AI, AI+CA, AI+NIPAG, e AI+NIPAG+CA foi 3.29, 2.51, 0.77, e 0.44; e a amplitude (0-21), (0-11), (0-6), (0-4), respectivamente (p<0.01). A maioria dos focos de AI estavam a uma distância >5mm dos focos de NIPAG e CA. Não houve correlação significativa entre a extensão da AI (p= 0.64, r= 0.05) com a extensão da NIPAG. Houve uma significativa correlação negativa entre a extensão da AI (p=0.01, r=-0.27) com a extensão do CA. Resultados similares foram encontrados considerando focos de atrofia com ou sem inflamação. Focos de atrofia parcial não evidenciaram inflamação crônica inespecífica. Nosso estudo não evidenciou associação topográfica significativa entre AI, NIPAG e/ou CA
Abstract: It is controversial whether there is any relationship of proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) to high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and cancer (CA). It has been suggested a topographic relation and a potential of the proliferative epithelium in PIA to progress to HGPIN and/or CA. The aim of this study was to analyze in radical prostatectomies a possible topographic relation of the lesions. A total of 3186 quadrants from 100 whole-mount consecutive surgical specimens was examined. The frequency of quadrants showing: only PIA, PIA+CA, PIA+HGPIN, or PIA+HGPIN+CA was determined. Extent and distance between the lesions were evaluated by a semiquantitative point-count method previously described. We also studied foci with partial or complete atrophy without inflammation. The statistical methods included the Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney tests and the Spearman correlation coefficient. The mean (range) of quadrants showing only PIA, PIA+CA, PIA+HGPIN, and PIA+HGPIN+CA was 3.29 (0-21), 2.51 (0-11), 0.77 (0-6), and 0.44 (0-4), respectively (p<0.01). Most of the foci of PIA were significantly located in a distance >5mm than <5mm from HGPIN or CA. There was no significant correlation between extent of PIA (p=0.64, r=0.05) with extent of HGPIN. There was a significant negative correlation of extent of PIA (p=0.01, r=-0.27) with extent of CA. Similar results were found considering foci either with or without inflammation. Chronic inespecific inflammation was not seen in foci of partial atrophy. A topographic relation of PIA to HGPIN and/or CA was not supported by our study
Mestrado
Anatomia Patologica
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
Tenorio, de Andrade Rogerson. "Associação entre o percentual de fragmentos acometidos por neoplasia na biópsia e os achados histopatológicos na prostatectomia radical." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2011. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/8424.
Full textIntrodução: Na avaliação do câncer de próstata localizado, a gradação histológica de Gleason combinada à dosagem do PSA são os principais fatores prognósticos. Recentemente, autores têm sugerido que a aferição da quantidade de câncer na biopsia tem valor preditivo aos achados patológicos adversos na peça cirúrgica e ao risco de recorrência bioquímica. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação do percentual de fragmentos acometidos por câncer na biopsia prostática com a extensão tumoral na peça cirúrgica. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 159 pacientes submetidos à prostatectomia radical. Coletado dados clínicos e patológicos. Análise estatística com os testes T de Student, qui-quadradro, e uma regressão logística múltipla avaliaram a associação do percentual de fragmentos acometidos com a extensão tumoral e o seu valor preditivo. Resultados: A avaliação histopatológica revelou 20,8% de pacientes com doença extraprostática, 8,2% com invasão das vesículas seminais e 35,8% com margens comprometidas. O percentual de fragmentos acometidos foi estratificado em três grupos: menor que 34%, 34 a 50%, e maior que 50%, e em cada grupo foi estudada a incidência de extensão extraprostática, invasão das vesículas seminais e comprometimento das margens cirúrgicas, sendo verificado que com o aumento do percentual de fragmentos acometidos ocorreu também um aumento nas alterações patológicas identificadas. Conclusões: Concluiu-se que o percentual de fragmentos acometidos na biópsia é um importante fator preditor do estágio patológico no espécime da prostatectomia radical, e deve ser utilizado na prática diária, em conjunto com os outros parâmetros já consagrados, para oferecer uma melhor condução prognóstica e terapêutica aos pacientes
Denicol, Nancy Tamara. "Rastreamento da hiperplasia prostática e neoplasia maligna de próstata em pacientes da grande Porto Alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11513.
Full textObjective: To investigate the presence of benign prostatic hyperplasia and/or malignant neoplasm of the prostate in men over 50 years of age, living in the Metropolitan Area of Porto Alegre, who enrolled in a voluntary screening program for prostatic diseases. Material and Method 1,227 men were assessed, 1,212 over 50, who came to the Urology Outpatient Unit at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (RS/Brazil), during two events called "Prostate Fortnight", at the invitation of the usual social communications media. The assessment was performed in two visits: at the first visit, the patients answered the I PSS questionnaire, their history was taken, digital rectal examination, PSA, and urofluxommetry was performed; at the second visit treatment or complementary investigation as indicated was performed. The results were analyzed using the linear association test of Mantel-Haenszel. Results Most patients were aged 50 to 64, mean age 61.7. As to IPSS, 40.1 % of the patients presented a score of 8-19, and 24.9%, 20-35. Regarding quality of life,59.9% of the patients were elassified as having intermediate QL. Only 22.4% of the patients had prostates with a weight eonsidered normal «20g); in 47.3% of the total number of patients, prostatie nodules were found. The PSA dosage was altered in 19,4% of the patients when the PSA values were not adjusted for age, and only 14.7% of them presented an abnormal PSA when the values were adjusted for age. Urofluxommetry showed that 62.3% of the patients have alteration of the maximun flow rate. Ali these variables presented a linear assoeiation significant for age. 230 biopsies were indicated and 149 performed (12.2% of the total number of patients). The anatomopathological exam showed adenocareinoma in 23 patients (1.9% of the total), ali of them with a high PSA; 19 of these had presented ehanges at digital reetal examination. Conclusion In the population studied, the age of the patients presented a significant linear assoeiation with the IPSS and QL seores, weight and prostatie nodules, PSA and Qmax, showing that ali variables beeome worse with age. The IPSS showed 65% of the patients with moderate to severe urinary symptoms, and a significant linear assoeiation with the QL seore. A signifieant linear assoeiation was also found between prostatie weight and IPSS and QL seores. At digital rectal examination, 47.3% of the patients presented with prostatie nodules. The PSA value was altered in 19.4% when it was not adjusted for age and in 14,7% when the values were adjusted for age. The results of Qmax in urofluxommetry showed ehanges in 62.3% of the patients and there was a significant linear association between the diminished value of Qmax and the IPSS, QL and prostatie weightscores. In the population studied, 23 patients (1.9% of the total) had adenoeareinoma of the prostate and 65% had symptoms of prostatism.
Pallarés, Quixal Judit. "Expresión de los factores angiogénicos VEGF y bFGF, y de los receptores FLK/ KDR y Flt-1 en la neoplasia intraepitelial prostática." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4226.
Full textVEGF ejerce sus funciones principalmente en las células endoteliales a través de dos receptores con acción tirosín quinasa FLK/ KDR (VEGFR2) y Flt-1( VEGFR2).
En el cáncer prostático se ha demostrado un aumento de la densidad vascular o angiogénesis en el carcinoma respecto al tejido normal, correlacionándose con otros marcadores pronósticos del cáncer prostático ya conocidos. Nuestro estudio ha demostrado un incremento de la densidad vascular y de la expresión de los factores angiogénicos VEGF y bFGF, y de los receptores FLK/ KDR y Flt-1 en la lesión precursora del cáncer de prostático, la neoplasia intraepitelial de alto grado (PINAG). Además, el aumento de la angiogénesis se ha correlacionado con los adenocarninomas prostáticos de alto grado de Gleason y estadios avanzados (pT3).
El aumento de la angiogénesis y la expresión de los factores angiogénicos y de sus receptores en la neoplasia intraepitelial de alto grado, apoya un papel de esta lesión como precursora en el cáncer prostático, y plantea su posible aplicación en biopsia por aguja en la próstata como marcador pronóstico adicional del adenocarcinoma prostático.
The process of angiogenesis is necessary for tumor growth beyond 2-3mm and for the development of metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic factor so far detected, and can function synergistically with Basic Fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF) inducing angiogenesis. VEGF acts upon binding to two tyrosine kinase receptors FLK/ KDR (VEGFR2) and Flt-1 (VEGFR2).
In prostate cancer the study of angiogenesis has revealed an increase in the microvessels density in the carcinoma compared to normal prostatic glands, and its has been correlated with pathological stage. Our results demostrated an increase in the vessels density and in the expression of the angiogenic factors VEGF and bFGF, and the receptors FLK/ KDR and Flt-1 in the prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Interestingly, angiogenesis also correlated with tumor grade and pathological stage (pT3).
The increased angiogenesis and expression of the angiogenic factors and their receptors in the prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, support a premalignant role for this lesion, and suggest their application in prostatic core-biopsies as an additional prognostic factor in prostatic cancer.
Terazaki, Patricia Matsuzaki. "Caracterização da próstata canina quanto a aspectos envolvidos na evolução para o carcinoma prostático." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-17062009-152135/.
Full textDogs are the only animal other than man to develop prostate cancer, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (HPB) spontaneously, allowing the comparison between benign and malignat affections of prostate. Malignant stem cells among the basal cell layer of the prostate are believed to play an important role in the failure of androgen-ablation therapy that occurs in most advanced prostate cancer. The goal of this study was to characterize the canine prostate in relation to evolution to prostatic carcinoma, trying to identify the cellular origin and the alterations of pre-neoplastic lesions. Forty-four canine prostates were obtained at necropsy. Prostatic samples were fixed in methacarn, embedded in paraffin wax and sectioned into 5µm-thick slices for hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and evaluated for the presence of hyperplasia, prostatitis, PIN and neoplasia. Moreover, HE stained sections representing each affection were used to determine the mean nuclear area by computerized morphometry. Tissue sections obtained in silanized slides were used in immunohistochemical staining for basal cells (p63 and 34E-12), connexins 32 and 43, androgen receptor (AR) and proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Quantitative real-time PCR to determine the expression level of AR at the mRNA level and Western blot to protein levels of connexin 43 were examined in samples collected using liquid nitrogen and kept at 80o C. The most common lesions were prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia. The prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia exhibited a higher percent of basal cells and was highly proliferative, as demonstrated by PCNA immunohistochemistry. Moreover, these lesions exhibited heterogeneous nuclear AR staining, lower in comparision with benign acini. In contrast to human prostate, the canine prostate (normal or harboring PIN) did not express the connexins 32 and 43. The mean nuclear area measured by computerized morphometry was greater in epithelial cells of PIN and neoplastic acini than that of benign acini. We found variable RNAm AR expression in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and neoplasia by real-time PCR. These findings suggest that malignant basal cells may play a role in the origin of PIN and can proliferate despite the heterogeneous AR expression.
Araújo, Renato Martins. "Caracterização clínica e epidemiológica da neoplasia prostática nos anos de 2012 a 2014 em um Centro de Oncologia do leste de Minas Gerais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-19092017-094409/.
Full textProstate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cause of cancer in men. According to INCA, in Brazil, in 2016, approximately 61,200 new cases of prostate cancer are estimated. Objective: To identify the demographic and epidemiological characteristics, as well as data on the tumor staging of patients with PCa treated at the Oncology Unit of Hospital Marcio Cunha in the city of Ipatinga-MG in the years of 2012, 2013 and 2014. Methodology: This is a retrospective and descriptive study where 668 patients\' records, with a diagnosis of pathological diagnosis, were analyzed in the years 2012, 2013 and 2014, according to the list provided by the institution, with a diagnosis of PCa registered with ICD-10-C 61. The analyzed variables were: origin, year of diagnosis, age group, self-reported race, risk factors such as smoking, alcoholism, family history of PCa, total PSA at diagnosis, histological type of biopsy, Gleason score of biopsy, histological type of the surgical specimen, Gleason score of the surgical specimen. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, using SPSS software, version 19.0. Results: The highest incidence of PCa cases came from the most populated cities of the analyzed health micro-region and the most prevalent age group was between 61 and 80 years old, with prevalence in brown and whites and with a family history of 17.2% of first-degree relatives degree; With father in 37.3%, brother in 60.8% and son in 1.9%. Only 165 (25.9%) were smokers and 20.8% were alcoholics. PSA levels ranged from 4.1ng / e to 10ng / ml (49.5%) and the higher the age group the higher the PSA values. Brown patients had higher total PSA. When we evaluated whether there was a relationship between total PSA levels and risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and family history, there was only a statistically significant relationship with alcohol consumption. There was concordance of the Gleason score between biopsy and surgical specimen in 70%, subgrade in 18.7% and overdose in 11.3%. Comparing the age of patients with Gleason score, the greater the patient\'s age, the greater the Gleason score of the material obtained by the transrectal biopsy. Smokers and alcoholists presented the highest Gleason score of the surgical specimen. Conclusion: The agreement between the Gleason score of the biopsy and the Gleason score of the surgical specimen was 70%; Higher PSA levels; The longer the age group, the more undifferentiated was the tumor (biopsy); Smokers and alcoholics presented more undifferentiated tumors in the surgical specimen; This is the first epidemiological study of PCa developed in the Vale do Aço region, the socio-demographic characterization and the associations found here can contribute with programs to develop actions of control of PCa in this region.
ARAUJO, RENATO M. "Caracterização clínica e epidemiológica da neoplasia prostática nos anos de 2012 a 2014 em um Centro de Oncologia do leste de Minas Gerais." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2017. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/28020.
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O câncer de próstata (CaP) é a segunda causa mais comum de câncer em homens. De acordo com o INCA, no Brasil, em 2016, estimam-se aproximadamente 61.200 novos casos de câncer de próstata. Objetivo: Identificar as características demográficas e epidemiológicas, bem como dados do estadiamento tumoral dos pacientes com CaP atendidos na Unidade de Oncologia do Hospital Marcio Cunha na cidade de Ipatinga-MG nos anos de 2012, 2013 e 2014. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e descritivo onde foram analisados 668 prontuários de pacientes, com registro do diagnóstico anatomopatológico, atendidos nos anos de 2012, 2013 e 2014, conforme lista fornecida pela instituição, com diagnóstico de CaP cadastrados com CID-10 - C 61. As variáveis analisadas foram: procedência, ano do diagnóstico, faixa etária, raça autodeclarada, fatores de risco como tabagismo, etilismo, história familiar de CaP, PSA total ao diagnóstico, tipo histológico da biópsia, score de Gleason da biópsia, tipo histológico da peça cirúrgica, score de Gleason da peça cirúrgica. Os dados foram analisados empregando-se estatística descritiva e inferencial, utilizando o software SPSS, versão 19.0. Resultados: A maior incidência de casos de CaP foram provenientes das cidades mais populosas da microrregião de saúde analisada e faixa etária mais prevalente foi entre 61 e 80 anos com prevalência em pardos e brancos e com histórico familiar de 17,2% de parentes de primeiro grau; com o pai em 37,3%, o irmão em 60,8% e filho em 1,9%. Apenas 165 (25,9 %) eram fumantes e 20,8% etilistas. Os níveis de PSA ficaram entre 4,1ng/ e 10ng/ml (49,5%) e quanto maior a faixa etária maiores os valores do PSA. Pacientes pardos apresentaram PSA total mais elevado. Ao avaliarmos se existia relação entre os níveis de PSA total com fatores de risco como tabagismo, etilismo e histórico familiar, somente houve relação estatisticamente significativa com o etilismo. Houve concordância do score de Gleason entre biópsia e peça cirúrgica em 70%, subgraduação em 18,7% e supergraduação em 11,3%. Comparando a idade dos pacientes com Score de Gleason, quanto maior a idade do paciente maior foi o Score de Gleason do material obtido pela biópsia via transretal Pacientes tabagistas e etilistas apresentaram Score de Gleason da peça cirúrgica mais elevados. Conclusão: A concordância entre o Score de Gleason da biópsia e o Score de Gleason da peça cirúrgica foi de 70%; etilistas apresentaram PSA mais elevados; quanto maior foi a faixa etária, mais indiferenciado foi o tumor ( biópsia); pacientes tabagistas e etilistas apresentaram tumores mais indiferenciados na peça cirúrgica; este é o primeiro estudo epidemiológico de CaP desenvolvido na região do Vale do Aço, a caracterização sócio demográfica e as associações aqui encontradas podem contribuir com programas para desenvolver ações de controle do CaP nesta região.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Santos, Arn Migowski Rocha dos. "Sobrevida e fatores prognósticos em uma coorte hospitalar de pacientes com câncer de próstata localizado." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7036.
Full textProstate cancer is the most incident malignant neoplasia among Brazilian men. Currently, great part of these tumors is confined to the prostate at the moment of the diagnosis. However, many tumors is clinically classified as local diseases, actually has already extra-prostatic extension, making the curative therapies ineffective. On the other hand, many patients with cancer without clinical significance are unnecessarily treated, because of the limited prognostic ability of the clinical stage. To determine the 5 and 10 years survival and to evaluate the clinical prognostic factors (pre-treatment) for patients with histologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate, in early clinical stages (I and II), in a hospital cohort of patients treated in the National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, registered from 1990 to 1999. Kaplan-Meier survival functions were estimated, using the date of the histologic diagnosis as the initial time of follow-up and, as events, the deaths due to prostate cancer . To evaluate the prognostic factors, the hazard ratios (HR) were calculated, with confidence intervals of 95%, following the Coxs proportional hazards model. The following variables were analyzed as independent prognostic factors: age, color, degree of instruction, year of first treatment, histologic differentiation grade of the biopsy specimens (Gleason), clinical stage and pretreatment PSA. The assumption of proportionality of risks was assessed using Schoenfelds residuals analysis and, the influence of outliers in the model fitness, was addressed using martingale and score residuals. The studys cohort included 258 patients with the studys eligibility criteria, of which 46 had died during the follow-up time. The overall survival rate was of 88% for 5 years and 71% for 10 years. Age of 80 years or more, Gleason score higher than 6, PSA levels higher than 40ng/ml, B2 stage and white race were independent makers of bad prognosis. Classics prognostic factors were useful in the estimate of the prognostic in this cohort. The studys results showed that, for patients diagnosed in early stages, the socio-economic factors analyzed did not influence the prognostic. Other studies must be carried out, in the country, in order to investigate the differences in the prognostic in relation to the ethnicity.
Ponte, José Ricardo Tuma da. "Papel do bloqueio androgênico no tratamento do câncer de próstata localmente avançado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-13102014-093704/.
Full textDespite new techniques and multiple therapeutic alternatives, locally advanced prostate cancer is a serious public health problem, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality rates, that remains a great challenge for urologists and oncologists. Several therapeutic strategies to treat localized prostate cancer have been successful such as conformational external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy and cryoablation. In contrast, treatment of metastatic and locally advanced tumors may often involve androgenic suppression. However, there are no consensus on several aspects of hormonal therapy for locally advanced tumors such as the type of antiandrogenic drug to be used, early versus delayed hormonal therapy, association with other therapeutic modalities and the use of intermittent blockade. We set out to critically review important aspects and current indications of hormonal blockade in the locally advanced prostate tumors. There are no prospective and randomized study that compares current forms of surgical treatment versus radiation therapy of locally advanced prostate cancer. After radical prostatectomy, adjuvant hormonal therapy in the locally advanced disease reduces biochemical failure rates, although no benefit has been shown regarding metastatic free survival or overall suvival. Neoadjuvant androgen blockade enhances the proportion of patients with organ-confined disease and negative surgical margins but no benefit is seen regarding biochemical free recurrence. Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy to the radiotherapy improves local tumor control as well as it prolongs the diseasespecific survival, although there are no survival advantage. Adjuvant hormonal therapy offers overall survival advantage in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy Long term adjuvant hormonal blockade offers survival benefit for patients with high Gleason score (8-10). LHRH analogues, bilateral orquiectomy and dietilestilbestrol were shown are equally effective as adjuvant therapy for patients with locally disease advanced. There are evidences that maximum androgenic blockade are not more efficient than monotherapy. Potential quality of life and costs advantages of intermittent ablation could be considered an alternative treatment for this group of patient
Souza, Magda Edinger de. "Influência da ingestão dietética de extrato de tomate nos níveis plasmáticos de antígeno prostático específico (PSA) em pacientes com hiperplasia benigna da próstata." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/6059.
Full textFerreira, Daniel Miranda. "Previsão pré-operatória do estadiamento local do câncer prostático: análise multifatorial baseada em parâmetros clínicos, laboratoriais e de imagem por ressonância magnética e ultra-sonografia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5151/tde-06102014-122403/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: The prostate cancer is the second more frequent neoplasia in the worldwide male population. Since the diagnosis is established, the staging has a fundamental role on the choice of therapeutic option and tactics. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical, laboratory and anatomopathological differences of patients and determine the accuracy, sensitiveness, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of several preoperative examinations, by evaluating individually and conjointly those which are able to better predict the local staging of prostate cancer. METHODS: The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was analyzed as well as the PSA densities (PSAD) were calculated through the magnetic resonance and ultrasound, the Gleason\'s grading, the number of positive sextants and the percentage of positive fragments in biopsies, the probabilities of intraprostatic disease, extracapsular disease and involvement of seminal vesicles according to Kattan and Partin\'s nomograms, and the results of rectal palpations, the use of endorectal coil magnetic resonance imaging and the use of amplitude Doppler ultrasound in relation to the staging of prostate cancer in 49 patients who were submitted to radical prostatectomy. The results were compared with the anatomopathological results. RESULTS: Among 49 patients with tumors clinically classified as intraprostatic, 59.2%, 51.0% and 32.7% patients respectively were clinically understaged in relation to extraprostatic disease, extracapsular disease and involvement of seminal vesicles. The initial clinical staging had lower substaging rates and the more advanced clinical staging had higher substaging rates. The averages of most clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with advanced disease presented values higher than the averages of patients with localized disease. The prostatic biopsy overestimated the Gleason\'s final histopathologic grade in 10.2% of cases, underestimated the grade in 49.0 % of cases and had identical correlation in 40.8%. The magnetic resonance imaging, when compared with all of other parameters analyzed isolately, presented the highest accuracy values in the discrimination intraprostatic disease x extraprostatic disease (73.5%), intracapsular disease x extracapsular disease (81.6 %) and the presence of seminal vesicles involvement (77.6%). The general accuracy of logistic regression models based on contemplated variables was of 71.4% in the extraprostatic disease prediction, 87.2% in the extracapsular disease prediction and 81.0% in the prediction of involvement of seminal vesicles. CONCLUSION: The use of endorectal coil magnetic resonance imaging was one of the best predictors of local staging of prostate cancer and could be considered in the study of selected patients
Oliveira, Maria Ines Novis de. "Localização e estadiamento local do adenocarcinoma prostático por ressonância magnética com estudo perfusional e espectroscopia: correlação com resultados histopatológicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5151/tde-24112010-170852/.
Full textProstate cancer is the second most common tumor and cause of deaths among men neoplasms, with increased detection of tumors at earlier stages in its natural history in the recent decades, often of small size and low agressiveness. The most accepted classification for low-risk prostate cancer was proposed by DAmico and is defined as PSA 10 ng/ml, Gleason score 6 and being undetected or limited to one lobe on digital rectal exam. Tumor location within the prostate as well as its local staging, which consists in extracapsular extension (ECE) and seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) detection, are of extreme importance in treatment choice and planning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), amplitude Doppler ultrasound (ADUS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DMRI) in localizing and locally staging low-risk prostate cancer, in comparison with surgical histopathology. This was a prospective study realized from the year of 2005 to 2009, which evaluated 35 patients by MRI, MRS and DMRI, 26 of whom were also submitted to TRUS and ADUS. After radical prostatectomy, 16 (45.7%) of these patients had pathologically proved organ confined disease, 11 (31.4%) had positive surgical margin and 8 (28.9%) had extraprostatic disease. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) and accuracy values for localizing low risk prostate cancer were: 53.1%, 48.3%, 63.4%, 37.8% and 51.3% for TRUS; 70.4%, 36.2%, 65.1%, 42.0% and 57.7% for ADUS; 71.5%, 58.9%, 76.6%, 52.4% and 67.1% for MRI; 70.4%, 58.7%, 78.4%, 48.2% and 66.7% for MRS; 67.2%, 65.7%, 79.3%, 50.6% and 66.7% for DMRI, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy values for detecting ECE were: 33.3%, 92%, 14.3%, 97.2% and 89.7% for TRUS and 50.0%, 77.6%, 13.7%, 95.6% and 75.7% for MRI, respectively. For detecting SVI, these values were of 66.7%, 85.7%, 22.2%, 97.7% and 84.6% for TRUS and 40.0%, 83.1%, 15.4%, 94.7% and 80.0% for MRI. Although preliminary, our results suggest that imaging modalities have low agreement in localizing and locally staging low-risk prostate cancer
Cavazzola, Luciane Rostirola. "Análise da expressão do mRNA das enzimas timidina fosforilase e uridina fosforilase 1 e 2 e dos fatores de transcrição PDEF e ETV4 em tumores de próstata e de rim." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/6884.
Full textProstate cancer is the most important urological tumor and the second most common in men. The incidence and mortality of this multifactorial disease are varied and take into account behavioral factors and genetic predisposition. The main predisposing factors are age, race and family history. Among the various histological subtypes, the acinar adenocarcinoma is the most common. The classification of this tumor, from transrectal ultrasonography and biopsy needle, is made for degrees of Gleason score and TNM classification that provides for tumor staging. The prostatic carcinoma has a propensity to metastasize and is regulated by various molecular signaling pathways through genes, proteins, enzymes, receptors and transcription factors. The RCC is the third most common urological tumor. The wide variation in incidence correlates with the geographical area. Risk factors can be various as smoking, genetic diseases and genetic alterations. The vast majority of cases occur in adults and in the renal parenchyma, and comprise five histological subtypes, the clear and sporadic cells being the most common. The histological differentiation is made by Fuhrman grade and staging by TNM classification. As the clinical manifestations are varied, most patients are diagnosed incidentally and by ultrasonography. The enzymes thymidine phosphorylase and uridine phosphorylase 1 and 2 as well as the transcription factors PDEF and ETV4 are reported as components of pathways leading to tumorigenesis and / or metastasis. The objective of this work is to analyze these enzymes and transcription factors and their correlation with clinical and pathological variables in prostate and kidney cancers as well as in bening tissue, by RT-PCR in real time. In prostate cancer, the geometric mean of the relative expression of transcription factors PDEF and ETV were greater in the tumor than in the benign tissues These factors also had a significant correlation between them in tumor tissue and benign tissue. The geometric mean of relative expression of the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase and uridine phosphorylase 1 strongly and significantly correlated between them in benign and in malignant prostate samples. The geometric mean of relative expression of thymidine phosphorylase also correlated moderately and significantly with the ETV4 in benign tissues. The geometric mean of relative expression of uridine phosphorylase in tumor T3 was significantly lower than in T1 and T2 prostate tumors. Kidney carcinoma TNM Classification strongly and significantly correlated with the relative expression of the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase and negatively correlated very strong and significantly with the enzyme uridine phosphorylase. The relative expression of the transcription factor ETV4 correlated negatively and significantly stronger with the TNM classification, and correlated with strength and significance with the relative expression of uridine phosphorylase in tumor tissues of the kidney.
O câncer de próstata é o mais importante tumor urológico e o segundo mais frequente no homem. As taxas de incidência e de mortalidade desta doença multifatorial são muito variadas e leva em conta fatores comportamentais e prédisposição genética. Os principais fatores predisponentes são idade avançada, raça e história familiar. Dentre os vários subtipos histológicos, o adenocarcinoma acinar é o mais frequente. A classificação deste tumor, a partir da ultra-sonografia transretal com biópsia por agulha, é feita pelos graus de escore de Gleason e pela Classificação TNM que fornece o estadiamento do tumor. O carcinoma de próstata, além de ter grande propensão em formar metástases, é regulado por várias vias moleculares de sinalização por meio de genes, proteínas, enzimas, receptores e fatores de transcrição.O carcinoma de células renais é o terceiro mais comum tumor urológico. A grande variação na taxa de incidência se correlaciona com a área geográfica. Os fatores de risco podem ser vários como tabagismo, doenças genéticas e alterações gênicas. A grande maioria dos casos ocorre em adultos no parênquima renal e, além de compreender cinco subtipos histológicos, o de células claras e esporádico é o mais frequente. A diferenciação histológica é feita pelo grau de Fuhrman e o estadiamento pela Classificação TNM. Como as manifestações clínicas são variadas, a maioria dos pacientes são diagnosticados incidentalmente e por ultra-sonografia. As enzimas timidina fosforilase e uridina fosforilase 1 e 2, bem como os fatores de transcrição PDEF e ETV4, são relatados como componentes das vias que levam à tumorigênese e/ou a metastização. O objetivo deste trabalho é analizar estas enzimas e fatores de transcrição, correlacionando-as com variáveis clínicas e patológicas nos tumores de próstata e de rim, bem como nos tecidos adjacentes a estes tumores, pela técnica de RT-PCR em tempo real. No câncer de próstata, a média geométrica da expressão relativa dos fatores de transcrição PDEF e ETV4 entre os tecidos benignos e tumorais, apresentaram correlação significativa com uma maior expressão relativa no tumor quando comparado ao seu benigno. Estes fatores também apresentaram uma correlação significativa entre eles no tecido tumoral e no tecido benigno. As médias geométricas da expressão relativa das enzimas timidina fosforilase e uridina fosforilase 1 se correlacionaram fortemente e significativamente entre os tecidos benignos e tumorais da próstata. A média geométrica da expressão relativa da timidina fosforilase também se correlacionou de forma moderada e significativa com a do ETV4, entre os tecidos benignos. A média geométrica da expressão relativa da uridina fosforilase nos tumores T3 foi significativamente menor do que nos tumores T1 e T2 da próstata. No carcinoma de rim a Classificação TNM se correlacionou fortemente e significativamente com a expressão relativa da enzima timidina fosforilase, e se correlacionou de forma negativa, muito forte e significativamente com a enzima uridina fosforilase. A expressão relativa do fator de transcrição ETV4 se correlacionou de forma negativa, forte e significativamente com a Classificação TNM, e se correlacionou de forma forte e significativamente com a expressão relativa de uridina fosforilase nos tecidos tumorais de rim.
SILVA, Lúcia Patrícia Bezerra Gomes da. "Investigação histoquimiluminescente de neoplasias prostáticas mediante emprego de lectinas conjugadas a éster de acridina." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2011. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12694.
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CNPq
A inespecificidade dos métodos atualmente adotados para diagnosticar e monitorar o câncer de próstata torna-os incapazes de fornecer um prognóstico preciso para direcionar com eficiência a conduta terapêutica. Por isso, faz-se necessário desenvolver metodologias que forneçam diagnósticos mais precisos e eficientes. Este trabalho teve por objetivo o desenvolvimento de um método quantitativo, empregando as lectinas Concanavalin A (Con A), Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA-I) e Peanut agglutinin (PNA) conjugadas a éster de acridina (Lectinas-EA) para avaliar a expressão de carboidratos em tecidos prostáticos: normal, hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB) e adenocarcinoma prostático (AcP). Os conjugados lectinas-EA foram avaliados quanto a atividade hemaglutinante, conteúdo de proteínas e quimiluminescência expressado em unidades relativa de luz (RLU). Tecidos transformados apresentaram uma menor expressão de resíduos de α-D-glicose/α-D-manose (BPH: 226.931 ± 17.436; AcP: 239.520 ±12.398) e Gal-β(1-3)-GalNAc, (BPH: 28.754 ± 2.157; AcP: 16.728 ± 1.204) quando correlacionados as condições normais (367.566 ± 48.550 e 409.289 ± 22.336, respectivamente). No entanto, a maior expressão de α-L-fucose foi observado em AcP (251.118 ± 14.193) em relação ao tecido normal (200.979 ± 21.318) e HPB (169.758 ± 10.264), que exibem valores menores. A RLU diminuiu significativamente pela inibição da interação entre tecidos e lectinas usando seus açúcares específicos. Esses resultados indicam que o método usado é uma eficiente ferramenta para diferenciação quantitativa entre os tecidos prostáticos analisados.
Silva, Ricardo Kupka da. "Avaliação patológica de pacientes com único fragmento comprometido à biopsia prostática e sua correlação com câncer de próstata de baixo risco." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-18012017-160808/.
Full textIntroduction: Single positive core at prostate biopsy is usually associated with small and low risk prostate cancer (PCa). The aim is to evaluate and compare the pathological findings in single versus multiple positive cores patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) and correlates them with low risk PCa. Material and Methods: We evaluated 249 single core patients (Group 1) and 250 with multiple cores (Group 2) who underwent RP. The groups were matched according to age, prostate weight, PSA and clinical stage. We evaluated the Gleason score (GS) concordance, positive surgical margin (PSM), extraprostatic extension (EPE) and seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) between the groups. We also evaluated the influence of the number of fragments sampled and the prostate weight. Results: GS biopsy was identical to RP GS in 55% in group 1 and 45% in group 2 (p = 0,028). Biopsies with 12 or more cores showed higher concordance in both groups than less than 12 cores (p = 0,01 in group 1). Undergrading was the most common GS discrepancy (35% in group 1 and 50% in group 2), with a higher proportion in group 1 when less than 12 fragments were sampled (p = 0,007). Group 1 had lower PSM rate (20,9% vs 37,6%, p < 0,001), less EPE (10% vs 26%, p < 0,001) and SVI (6% vs 13,2%, p = 0,006). PSM, EPE and SVI rates increased with increasing GS in both groups. In group 1, biopsies with less than 12 cores have higher PSM rates than 12 or more cores (37% vs 16%, p < 0,001), and we found no difference in group 2 (p = 0,69). In group 1, a patient with GS >= 8 was 3,5 times more likely associated with PSM than GS <= 6 (p = 0,03). In Group 1, EPE and SVI did not have any difference according the GS (p = 0,273 and p = 0,95, respectively). However, group 2 have higher rate of EPE in GS 7 than among GS <= 6 (OR = 3,1, p < 0,001) and higher rate of SVI in GS 7 than among GS <= 6 (OR = 3,1, p < 0,004). In group 1, a total of 67,3% with nonpalpable tumors became greater risk tumors (pT2c-pT3). Analyzing only nonpalpable tumors in group 1 with a GS <= 6 at biopsy (156 patients), we noted that 106 (67,9% of cT1) progressed to pT2c-pT3. Conclusion: Single core PCa, although they have favorable pathological features than the multiple positive cores PCa, still have considerable rates of overgraduated GS, pT2c-pT3, PSM, EPE and SVI. These findings are even more evident in biopsies with high GS and less than 12 fragments. The results suggest that single core patients should not categorically be classified always as having a low risk PCa
Silva, Junior Mauricio Moreira 1978. "Caracterização do estroma reativo no câncer de próstata : envolvimento de fatores de crescimento, metaloproteinases de matriz, receptores de hormônios sexuais e células-tronco prostáticas." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313129.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Caracterização do Estroma Reativo na Progressão do Câncer de Próstata: Envolvimento dos Fatores de Crescimento, Metaloproteinases da Matriz, Receptores de Hormônios Sexuais e Células-Tronco Prostáticas RESUMO A contribuição do estroma para a progressão do câncer de próstata (CaP) ainda é pouco conhecida. As células neoplásicas podem alterar seu componente estromal adjacente para formar um ambiente que possibilita e suporta a progressão tumoral. A modificação desse estroma é denominado de estroma reativo (EstR), o qual ocorre em muitos tipos de cânceres humanos relacionando-se à progressão e recidiva tumorais. Os fatores de crescimento e as metaloproteinases da matriz (MMP) são altamente expressos no CaP e podem atuar como fatores de crescimento parácrinos e/ ou autócrinos. As relações entre os hormônios sexuais esteróides e seus receptores com os fatores de crescimento e MMPs são cruciais reguladores da homeostase prostática, sendo fundamental o entendimento dessas relações com o desenvolvimento do EstR e progressão do CaP. Além disso, a ocorrência das células-tronco prostáticas cancerosas representam um passo importante na patogênese glandular. Assim, os objetivos principais do presente estudo foram caracterizar morfológica e molecularmente o microambiente do EstR em amostras com CaP, bem como encontrar alguma associação dos fatores de crescimento, MMPs, receptores de hormônios sexuais esteróides e células-tronco cancerosas na sua patogênese. Além disso, verificou-se a relevância da reatividade estromal e de seus marcadores moleculares na progressão do CaP.O presente trabalho baseou-se em estudo retrospectivo, o qual utilizou 40 amostras prostáticas de pacientes, na faixa etária de 60 a 80 anos, com diagnóstico de CaP. Tais amostras foram divididas em 2 grupos (20 amostras por grupo): Grupo 1: amostras de CaP sem estroma reativo; Grupo 2: amostras de CaP com intensa reatividade estromal; e posteriormente submetidas à análises histopatológicas e imunohistoquímicas. Os resultados demonstraram que o EstR foi caracterizado morfologicamente pela significativa diminuição das fibras musculares lisas e pela abundante quantidade de fibras colágenas no estroma adjacente aos ácinos neoplásicos. Intensa reatividade estromal foi verificada nos tumores de graus intermediário (Gleason 7, 3+4) e alto (Gleason 7, 4+3). Com relação à caracterização molecular do EstR, os presentes resultados demonstraram imunorreatividades aumentadas para vimentina, IGF-1, MMP-2, FGF-2 e C-Myc nas amostras com intensa reatividade estromal quando comparadas às amostras sem reatividade estromal. As imunorreatividades para AR e ER'alfa' foram aumentadas nas amostras prostáticas com intensa reatividade estromal Em contraste, a imunorreatividade para o ER'beta' foi aumentada nas amostras sem reatividade estromal. Com relação à ocorrência das células-tronco prostáticas cancerosas, estas ocorreram com maior frequência no estroma com intensa reatividade estromal. Considerando os dados em conjunto, pode-se concluir que o EstR pode ser considerado um marcador preditivo o da progressão do CaP, uma vez que este foi mais frequente nos tumores de intermediário e alto graus. As imunorreatividades aumentadas para vimentina, IGF-1, MMP-2, FGF-2 e C-Myc foram fundamentais para a ativação do EstR e tornaram o microambiente prostático favorável à progressão do câncer, devido a potencialização do desequilíbrio da interação epitélio-estroma. As imunorreatividades aumentadas para AR e ER? demonstraram o envolvimento desses receptores tanto na sinalização para o aumento dos fatores de crescimento e metaloproteinases da matriz quanto nos mecanismos de ativação do EstR. Em contraste, a sinalização do ER? indicou papel inibitório desse receptor nos mecanismos de ativação do EstR e na progressão tumoral. Finalmente, a ocorrência de células-tronco prostáticas cancerosas indicou um possível envolvimento dessas células na sinalização para o desenvolvimento do EstR e progressão do CaP
Abstract: haracterization of Reactive Stroma in the Progression of Prostate Cancer: Involvement of Growth Factors, Matrix Metalloproteinases, Receptors, Sex Hormones and Prostatic Stem Cells ABSTRACT The contribution of the stroma to the progression of prostate cancer (CaP) cancer is still unknown. The cancer cells can alter their adjacent stromal component to form an environment that enables and supports tumor progression. A modification of this is called the stroma reactive stroma (EstR), which occurs in many types of human cancers relating to the progression and tumor recurrence. Growth factors and matrix metalloproteinasys (MMP) are highly expressed in CaP and can act as a paracrine and / or autocrine growth factors. The relationship between sex steroid hormones and their receptors with growth factors and MMPs are crucial regulators of prostatic homeostasis, a fundamental understanding of these relationships with the development and progression of Estr of CaP. Moreover, addition, the occurrence of prostate stem cells cancer represent an important step in the pathogenesis glandular. Thus, the main objectives of this study were to characterize the morphological and molecular microenvironment EstR in samples with CaP as well as find some association of growth factors, MMPs, sex steroid hormone receptors and cancer stem cells in its pathogenesis. Furthermore, we verified the relevance of stromal reactivity and its molecular markers in the progression of CaP. The present work was based on a retrospective study, which used 40 prostate samples from patients, aged 60-80 years, diagnosis of CaP. These samples were divided into 2 groups (20 samples per group): Group 1: CaP samples without reactive stroma; Group 2: CaP samples with intense stromal reactivity; and subsequently subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical analyzes. The resulted showed that EstR was morphologically characterized by the significant reduction of smooth muscle fibers and the abundant amount of collagen fibers in the stroma adjacent to the neoplastic acini. Intense reactivity was observed in stromal tumors of intermediate grades (Gleason 7, 3 +4) and high (Gleason 7, 4 +3). With respect to the molecular characterization of EstR, our results showed increased vimentin immunoreactivity, IGF-1, MMP-2, FGF-2 and C-Myc in samples with intense stromal reactivity when compared to samples without stromal reactivity. The immunoreactivity for AR and ER'alfa' were elevated in prostatic stromal samples with intense reactivity In contrast, immunostaining for ER"beta' was increased in samples with no stromal reactivity. With regard to the occurrence of prostate cancer stem cells, they occurred more frequently in the stroma with intense stromal reactivity. Considering the data together, we can conclude that the EstR can be considered a predictive marker of the progression of CaP, since this was more common in tumors intermediate, and high grades. The immunoreactivity increased vimentin, IGF-1, MMP-2, FGF-2 and C-Myc were essential for the activation of rd and made a favorable microenvironment for prostate cancer progression due to the potentiating imbalance of epithelial-stromal interaction. The immunoreactivity increased to AR and ER? demonstrated the involvement of these receptors in signaling both to the increase of growth factors and matrix metalloproteinasys as the engine that activation EstR. In contrast, ER? showed inhibitory signaling role of this receptor in the mechanism of activation of the rd and in tumor progression. Finally, the occurrence of prostate cancer stem cells indicated a possible involvement of these cells in signaling for EstR development and progression of CaP
Mestrado
Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica
Mestre em Ciências
Alonso, João Carlos Cardoso 1972. "Açao da dutasterida no tecido prostático humano normal : papel dos receptores hormonais esteroides como possíveis marcadores clínicos." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313128.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Introdução: Os andrógenos, além de desempenhar um papel importante no desenvolvimento e no crescimento da próstata, também são responsáveis pelo surgimento e progressão de lesões prostáticas. Portanto, as ações desses hormônios podem ser antagonizadas impedindo a conversão irreversível de testosterona em dihidrotestosterona, por meio da inibição da 5?-redutase. Neste contexto, os objetivos deste estudo foram caracterizar os efeitos clínicos e morfofuncionais da dutasterida, um inibidor de 5?-redutase, em receptores de hormônios esteroides no tecido da próstata humana normal, bem como para verificar a viabilidade desses receptores como potenciais marcadores para o manejo clínico dos pacientes em uso de dutasterida. Métodos: estudo prospectivo, duplo-cego e randomizado que avaliou 49 homens com idades entre 45 e 70 anos, sem alterações no exame de toque retal e com dosagens de PSA entre 2,5 e 4,0 ng/ml. Estes pacientes foram submetidos a biópsia de próstata guiada pelo ultrassom transretal, e após ter sido descartada neoplasia de próstata, foram divididos em dois grupos recebendo dutasterida (n=25) ou placebo (n=24). Os pacientes foram avaliados clinicamente a cada trimestre e, ao final de 12 meses, submetidos a novos testes laboratoriais e análise histopatológica por nova biópsia da próstata. Resultados: Os resultados não mostraram variações significativas nos níveis de estrógeno, testosterona séricos e índice de massa corporal em ambos os grupos, bem como de ER? (receptor estrogênico ?). No entanto, a imunorreatividade para AR (receptor androgênico) e ER? (receptor estrogênico ?) foram significativamente maiores no grupo dutasterida em relação ao grupo placebo, acompanhado por uma redução significativa do volume da próstata e dos níveis de PSA séricos no grupo dutasterida. Além disso, ambos os índices de proliferação e apoptose também foram significativamente maiores no grupo dutasterida, porém a razão proliferação/apoptose foi significativamente menor neste grupo, indicando assim predominância de apoptose. Conclusão: O tratamento com dutasterida mostrou distintas reatividades no tecido prostático normal, apontando a importância da ativação de ER? no mecanismo apoptótico, propiciando efeito protetor no tecido prostático normal, indicando ser este receptor um importante mediador para o seguimento clínico de pacientes em uso de dutasterida
Abstract: Introduction: The androgens, besides playing an important role in prostate development and growth, are also responsible for the development and progression of prostatic lesions. Therefore, preventing the irreversible conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone by inhibiting 5?-redutase can antagonize the actions of these hormones. In this context, the aims of this study were to characterize the clinical and morphofunctional effects of 5?-redutase inhibitor, dutasteride, on steroid hormone receptors in the human normal prostate tissue, as well as to verify the viability of these receptors as potential markers to clinical management of patients on dutasteride use. Methods: Prospective, randomized and double-blind study, evaluating 49 men with ages between 45 and 70 years, no alterations in digital rectal examination and PSA levels between 2.5 and 4.0 ng/ml. These patients underwent prostate biopsy guided by transretal ultrasound (TRUS) with prostate neoplasia ruled out and it has divided into two groups receiving dutasteride (n=25) or placebo (n=24). Patients were clinically assessed every three months and at the end of 12 months undergoing new laboratory tests, prostate rebiopsy, histopathological and clinical analysis. Results: The results did not show significanty variations in serum estrogen and testosterone levels and body mass index in both dutasteride and placebo groups, as well as their ER? (? estrogen receptor). However, AR (androgen receptor) and ER? (? estrogen receptor) immunoreactivity were significantly higher in the dutasteride group in relation to placebo group, followed by a significant reduction in prostate volume performed by TRUS and total serum PSA levels in the dutasteride group when compared to placebo group. Furthermore, both proliferative and apoptotic indices were significantly higher in the dutasteride group in relation to placebo group. However, the proliferation/apoptotic ratio was significantly lower in the dutasteride group, indicating predominance of apoptotic process. Conclusion: The dutasteride treatment led to distinct reactivities in the normal prostate tissue, indicating different signals to the dynamics of the prostate and pointed out the importance of ER? pathways in the activation of apoptosis. Taken together, these data demonstrated that dutasteride treatment exerted protective effect in the normal prostate via ER?, indicating this receptor as important mediator to clinical management of patients on dutasteride use
Mestrado
Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica
Mestre em Ciências
Pimentel, Marcelo. "Marcadores de diferenciação neuroendócrina no carcinoma prostático resistente à castração." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28355.
Full textJerónimo, Carmen de Lurdes Fonseca. "Molecular detection of prostate." Tese, Porto : Edição do Autor, 2001. http://catalogo.up.pt/F?func=find-b&local_base=UPB01&find_code=SYS&request=000088162.
Full textJerónimo, Carmen de Lurdes Fonseca. "Molecular detection of prostate." Doctoral thesis, Porto : Edição do Autor, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/64565.
Full textFramil, Sanches Brunno Cezar 1984. "Identificação de preditores de resultados da braquiterapia com implante de sementes permanentes de iodo 125 em pacientes com câncer de próstata." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312798.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: INTRODUÇÃO: A identificação e refinamento dos fatores preditores de resultados e morbidade são fundamentais na seleção ideal dos pacientes que podem se beneficiar de braquiterapia exclusiva como modalidade de tratamento do câncer de próstata. OBJETIVOS: Identificar preditores de resultados em pacientes com câncer de próstata localizado tratados com braquiterapia com iodo-125, em um estudo não controlado longitudinal. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo utilizando banco de dados colhidos prospectivamente a partir de informações obtidas durante o tratamento de 560 pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer de próstata e tratados com braquiterapia no período de 2000 a 2011. Destes, 305 foram selecionados para o estudo, pois apresentavam tumor localizado e tiveram mais de 24 meses de acompanhamento. RESULTADOS: A idade média dos pacientes foi de 63,93 anos (44-88), a média pré-tratamento do PSA foi de 6,34 ng/ml (0,67-33,09), a média geral de acompanhamento foi de 75,35 meses (24-158,37), recorrência bioquímica ocorreu em 17 pacientes (5,57%), a sobrevida específica por câncer foi de 100% e a sobrevida global 98,03%. Na análise multivariada, apenas nadir de PSA em um ano e idade foram relacionadas à sobrevida livre de doença: a cada unidade de aumento do PSA- nadir, o risco de recorrência aumenta 87,3% (OR=1,87, p< 0,001; IC95%-1,31-2,67). O risco recorrência foi 4,7 vezes maior para aqueles com menos de 50 anos em comparação com aqueles com mais de 70 anos (OR=4,69, (p= 0,04; IC95%-1,39-18,47). Melhor corte para nadir de PSA em um ano foi de 0,285 (AUC = 0,78, p<0,001; IC95% - 0,68-0,89). Análise de Kaplan-Meier confirmou nadir do PSA como fator preditor independente de prognóstico (p<0,001), enquanto que a classificação de prognóstico D'Amico falhou neste quesito (p=0,24). Nenhum grau 3 ou 4 de complicação foi relatada após o procedimento, e apenas 31,4% dos pacientes apresentaram grau 2 de toxicidade urinária ou retal. PSA bounce ?0,4 ng/mL ocorreu em 18,4%, sem impacto sobre a recorrência bioquímica. CONCLUSÕES: Metade (50,49%) dos pacientes no cenário do câncer de próstata localizado tratados com braquiterapia com iodo -125 alcançaram PSA nadir em um ano <0,285, e este foi reconhecido como um fator prognóstico independente
Abstract: Introduction: The identification and refinement of outcome predictors and morbidity are critical in the optimal selection of patients who can benefit from exclusive brachytherapy as a treatment modality for prostate cancer. Objectives: To identify predictors of outcomes in patients with localized prostate cancer treated with iodine-125brachytherapy in a longitudinal uncontrolled study. Methods: Between 2000 and 2011, 560 histologically confirmed patients were treated with brachytherapy of whom 305 with >24-month follow-up and localized tumor were evaluated after exclusion of those locally advanced and under androgen ablation. Results: Patients¿ mean age was 63.93 years (44¿88), mean pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 6.34 ng/mL (0.67¿33.09), overall median follow-up was 75.35 months (24¿158.37), biochemical recurrence occurred in 17 patients (5.57%), cancer-specific survival was 100%, and overall survival was 98.03%. At multivariate analyses, only PSA-nadir at 1 year and age were related to disease-free survival: To each unit of PSA-nadir, the risk increases 87.3%¿OR 1.87 (p<0.001; 95% CI 1.31¿2.67), and risk was 4.7 times higher for those under 50 years (vs. [70)¿OR 4.69 (p = 0.04; 95% CI 1.39¿18.47). Best cutoff for PSA-nadir at one year was 0.285 (AUC=0.78; p<0.001; 95 % CI 0.68¿0.89). Kaplan¿Meier analysis confirmed PSA-nadir (p<0.001) as prognostic, while D¿Amico¿s classification failed (p = 0.24). No grade 3 or 4 complication was reported, and only 31.4% of patients had grade 2 urinary or rectal toxicity. PSA bounce ?0.4 ng/mL occurred in 18.4% with no impact on biochemical recurrence. Conclusions: Half (50.49%) of patients in the scenario of localized prostate cancer treated with iodine-125 brachytherapy reach PSA-nadir at 1 year ?0.285, recognized as a key independent prognostic factor
Mestrado
Fisiopatologia Médica
Mestre em Ciências
Tofani, Ana Cristina Azambuja. "Autoconfiança, depressão, ansiedade e tensões em portadores de câncer de próstata avaliadas por meio do Rorschach e escala de qualidade de vida." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4832.
Full textAPRESENTAÇÃO Qualidade de Vida é uma expressão muito utilizada em nosso meio. Para conceituá-la é importante ter alguns parâmetros desde os mais objetivos até os mais subjetivos. Constituíram-se objetivos deste trabalho investigar características de personalidade de pacientes portadores de câncer de próstata por meio do Rorschach e a qualidade de vida desses pacientes. A pesquisa teve como amostra 30 pacientes com câncer de próstata, Grupo de observação, e 30 não pacientes, homens sem este diagnóstico configurando o Grupo controle. O Projeto, após a aprovação pela Comissão Científica da Faculdade de Psicologia, pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da PUCRS e pela Comissão Científica e de Ética em Pesquisa da Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA) foi executado nas dependências do Hospital de Câncer de Porto Alegre. Estão sendo apresentados nesta Dissertação em formato de artigos: - Cópia do Projeto - Cópia da Carta de Aprovação do Comitê de Ética - Resultados da pesquisa Como resultados da pesquisa, foram elaborados três artigos, dois teóricos e um empírico. Os três artigos estão sendo apresentados com a formatação segundo as normas de cada periódico. Eis os artigos: a) “Câncer de próstata, sentimentos de impotência e fracasso ante os Cartões IV e VI do Rorschach”, já encaminhado à Revista Interamericana de Psicologia (RIP);Autores: Ana C. A. Tofani (principal) e Cícero E. Vaz (segundo autor). Nesse estudo teórico os autores contextualizam o câncer de próstata, diagnóstico e tratamento, abordando conceitos e estudos sobre qualidade de vida e sobre condições emocionais, que foram avaliadas através da técnica de Rorschach (sistema Klopfer) e um questionário de qualidade de vida. c) “Depressão, ansiedade, qualidade de vida e a técnica de Rorschach em pacientes com câncer de próstata”; Autores: Ana C. A. Tofani (principal) e Cícero E. Vaz (segundo autor). É feito estudo comparativo e correlacional com base em dados empiricos dos instrumentos Rorschach e algumas questões da Escala de Qualidade de Vida (QV) entre pacientes, homens com câncer de próstata (n=30) e não pacientes, homens (n=30) sem este diagnóstico. Foram utilizados o teste U de Mann-Whitney para diferença de médias entre os dois grupos, e o coeficiente W de Correlação de Pearson. Os resultados apontaram os seguintes resultados: homens portadores de câncer de próstata apresentam indicadores de auto-estima diminuída, ansiedade e depressão elevadas em comparação com os não pacientes; foi encontrada correlação entre depressão como traço de personalidade avaliada por meio do Rorschach e as questões pertinentes ao bem estar físico e emocional do QV.
Angeli, Melissa Helena. "Detecção de auto-anticorpos anti-PSA em pacientes com e sem neoplasia da próstata." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12946.
Full textThe prostate specific antigen is a serum marker used to diagnose prostate cancer, however, its sensitivity and specificity is still far from perfect in early cancer detection. Anti- PSA autoantibodies were observed in patients with benign hyperplasia and with prostate cancer, however, their clinical significance has not yet been fully established. Our objective was to detect anti-PSA autoantibodies in patients under treatment at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and to correlate with the pathological stage. Anti-PSA autoantibodies were detected by means of an enzyme immunoassay in the serum of 98 patients. Out of these, 77 patients with prostate neoplasia and 21 patients without apparent neoplasia, according to the anatomopathological exam. Considering the arbitrary value 1.0 as cutoff, we noticed that patients without apparent neoplasia had higher anti-PSA antibody levels than patients with cancer (85.7% and 53.2% respectively) (p=0.015). Analyzing only patients with cancer and stratifying them in four subgroups: presence of bone metastasis, absence of bone metastasis, presence of lymph node metastases and locally advanced cancer, we noticed that patients with bone metastases and with locally advanced cancer had higher levels of anti-PSA antibodies, however not statistically significant (p=0.591). Although more studies are needed to evaluate the real significance of anti-PSA autoantibodies, this study creates the hypothesis that anti-PSA antibodies can be an auxiliary text to PSA in the diagnosis and prognosis prostate cancer, increasing its specificity and sensitivity.
Asciutti, Augusto César Spadaccia 1988. "Papel da PS20/WFDC1 no desenvolvimento prostático e regulação da distribuição das células p63 positivas." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317553.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Introdução: Durante o desenvolvimento e a vida adulta de um organismo, células troncoindiferenciadas, capazes de dar origem a um ou mais tipos celulares, proliferam e se diferenciam para, tanto produzir os tecidos de um organismo em desenvolvimento, quanto repor células perdidas pelo envelhecimento, doença ou injúria. Essas células residem em um nicho especializado contendo células diferenciadas e elementos responsáveis por manter o estado predominantemente quiescente. Acredita-se que as células tronco da próstata contribuam para o desenvolvimento de câncer através da desregulação dos elementos do nicho. ps20 é um elemento secretado por células musculares lisas da próstata, o qual demonstra capacidade de inibir o crescimento da linhagem de células prostáticas cancerígenas PC3 em cultura. Evidências sugerem uma possível relação entre ps20 com a adesão celular. No entanto, seu funcionamento é pouco conhecido. Objetivos: Analisar o efeito do silenciamento do gene WFDC1/ps20 sobre o comportamento das células p63+ e arquitetura tecidual durante o desenvolvimento prostático pós-natal. Materiais e métodos: Próstatas ventrais de ratos Wistar recém nascidos foram cultivadas sobre membranas flutuantes permeáveis, na presença de RNA de interferência para reduzir a expressão de ps20. Os órgãos foram cultivados por sete dias e em seguida analisados através da contagem da formação de estruturas epiteliais, colorações histológicas, imunohistoquímica e PCR em Tempo Real. Resultados: O silenciamento de WFDC1/ps20 levou a uma redução de 36% na quantidade de mRNA de WFDC1/ps20. Foi observada redução no número de pontas de ductos epiteliais entre o segundo e quarto dia cultura e entre o quarto e sétimo dia. A análise histológica revelou ductos com ramificação reduzida e com as pontas mais dilatadas, em resposta a redução de WFDC1/ps20. Foi observada polarização celular prejudicada e cavitação reduzida. A imunohistoquímica para p63 revelou que os níveis reduzidos de ps20 promoveram a concentração das células p63+ nas pontas dilatadas dos ductos epiteliais. Real Time PCR revelou que o silenciamento do gene WFDC1/ps20 promoveu um aumento de nove vezes na quantidade do mRNA de MMP9.Discussão: O silenciamento de WFDC1/ps20afetou o desenvolvimento prostático com um efeito sem ambiguidade no comportamento das células basais p63+, como representado pelo seu acumulo nas pontas dos ductos e diminuição ao longo dos ductos estendidos. O tratamento também prejudicou a polarização de células luminais e comprometeu a cavitação.O conteúdo elevado de mRNA de MMP9 pode estar relacionado com o acumulo da proteína e a degradação descontrolada da matriz extracelular ao redor pontas dos ductos, levando ao fenótipo dilatado. Como a degradação correta da matriz em locais específicos é requerida para a formação do ponto de ramificação, é sugerido que a ps20 regula o balanço da atividade de MMP9 necessária durante o desenvolvimento prostático. Essa ideia coloca o sistema uPA/uPAR acima da regulação e ativação de MMP9.Conclusões:A redução deWFDC1/ps20comprometeu a morfogênese em ramos, polarização das células epiteliais e cavitação. Esses aspectos estão associados com a desestabilização do comportamento das células p63+, como sugerido pelo seu acumulo nas pontas dilatadas e diminuição do compartimento de células basais ao longo dos ductos estendidos
Abstract: Introduction: During the development and adult life of an organism, undifferentiated stem cells, capable of giving rise to one or more cell types in an adult organism, proliferate and differentiate to both produce the tissues of an developing organism and replace cells lost by aging, disease or injury. These cells reside in a specialized niche containing differentiated cells and elements responsible for maintaining their predominantly quiescent state. Prostate stem cells are believed to contribute to cancer development via deregulation of niche elements. ps20 is a protein secreted by prostate smooth muscle cells which was shown to inhibit the growth of prostatic PC3 cancer cell line in culture. Evidences exist favoring a possible relationship between ps20 and cell adhesion. However its functioning is still poorly known. Objectives: Analyze the effect of the silencing of the WFDC1/ps20 gene in the behavior of p63-positive cells and tissue architecture during the post-natal prostatic development. Materials and methods: Ventral prostate of newborn Wistar rats were cultured on floating permeable membranes, in the presence of small interference RNA to reduce ps20 expression. The organs were cultured for seven days, and then analyzed by counting of epithelial structures formation, histological and immunohistochemical staining and Real Time PCR. Results: The silencing of WFDC1/ps20 led to a 36% reduction in WFDC1/ps20 mRNA amount. It was observed reduction in the number of epithelial duct tips between the second and fourth day of culture, and between the fourth and seventh day. Histological analysis revealed reduced branching and dilated tips in response toWFDC1/ps20knocking down. It was observed hindered polarization and reduced cavitation. Immunohistochemistry for p63 revealed that reduced levels of ps20 promoted the concentration of p63+ cells at the enlarged ductal tips. Real Time PCR revealed that the knocking down the WFDC1/ps20 gene promoted a 9-fold increase in the amount of MMP9 mRNA. Discussion: The silencing of WFDC1/ps20affected prostate development with an unambiguous effect on p63+ cells behavior, as represented by their accumulation at the ductal tips and depletion along the extended ducts. The treatment also hampered the differentiation of luminal cells and compromised cavitation. The increased MMP9 mRNA content might be correlated with the accumulation of the protein and uncontrolled degradation of the extracellular matrix around the duct tips, leading to the dilated phenotype. Since the correct degradation of the matrix in specific sites is required for the branch point formation we suggest that ps20 regulates the balance for MMP9 activity required during prostate development. This idea places the uPA/uPAR system upstream of MMP-9 regulation and activation. Conclusions: The reduction in the WFDC1/ps20expressioncompromised branching morphogenesis, epithelial cell polarization and cavitation. These aspects are associated with a destabilization of p63+cell behavior, as suggested by their accumulation at the dilated tips and depletion from the basal cell compartment along the extended ducts
Mestrado
Biologia Celular
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
Antunes, Alberto Azoubel. "O papel dos genes do pepsinogênio C (PGC) e do antígeno de membrana específico da próstata (PSMA) no diagnóstico do câncer da próstata." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-18122008-105156/.
Full textIntroduction and objective: Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis in men with persistently increased PSA after a negative initial prostate biopsy has become a great challenge for urologists and pathologists. Despite the use of several methods to increase the sensitivity of prostate biopsy, the false-negative rates remain substantial, leading many patients to undergo repeated procedures. We analyzed the diagnostic value of six genes in the prostatic tissue of patients with clinically localized PCa, in order to predict the presence of cancer. Methods: The study was comprised by 50 patients with clinically localized PCa who underwent radical prostatectomy. Gene selection was based on a microarray analysis of patients with PCa. Among the 4,147 genes with different expressions between two groups, six genes (PSMA, TMEFF2, GREB1, TH1L, IgH3 and PGC) were selected. These genes were tested for its cancer diagnostic role using the quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method. In the first part of the study, malignant tissue samples from 33 patients were analyzed, and in the second part we analyzed benign tissue samples of the other 17 patients with PCa. The control group was comprised of prostatic tissue samples of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Results: The analysis of malignant prostatic tissue by qRTPCR showed that PSMA was over-expressed (mean nine times) and PGC was under-expressed (mean 1.3 x 10-4 times) in all cases when compared to BPH. The other four tested genes showed a variable expression pattern not allowing a differentiation between benign and malignant cases. When we tested these results in the benign prostate tissues from patients with PCa, PGC maintained the expression pattern, and PSMA, despite over-expression in most cases (mean 12 times), two cases (12%) presented under-expression. Conclusions: PGC under-expression and PSMA over-expression in the tissue may represent an objective evidence of prostate cancer and constitute a powerful adjunctive method in patients with negative prostate biopsy. Further prospective clinical analyses are necessary to confirm theses results
Naccarato, Angela Maria Elizabeth Piccolotto 1955. "Estudo demográfico e aspectos psicológicos de pacientes sob rastreamento de carcinoma prostático." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309275.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Introdução: O câncer de próstata (CaP) é a segunda causa de morte em homens, estudos recentes tem confirmado a eficácia do toque retal (TR) e seus benefícios no diagnóstico precoce. Objetivo: Avaliar aspectos demográficos e psicológicos de homens submetidos ao TR durante consulta para rastreamento do CaP. Pacientes e Métodos: Estudo realizado com 345 pacientes submetidos ao TR pela primeira vez entre Fevereiro 2006 a Dezembro 2007, que foram avaliados quanto às impressões sobre o TR. Dados sobre etnia, idade, escolaridade, profissão e as motivações para o rastreamento foram colhidos e a correlação entre variáveis descritivas e aspectos psicológicos dos pacientes foi realizada. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 52.8 anos. Sentiram medo 40.94% (sendo medo do exame 15.94% e medo do diagnóstico 25%), vergonha 26.45% e 48.26% referiram não pensar em nada. A correlação entre faixa etária, nível de escolaridade e reações emocionais não apresentou diferença significativa. 52.35% consideraram o exame melhor do que imaginavam, dos quais 41.81% eram analfabetos/1º grau incompleto, 4.12% uma experiência ruim e 96.8% fariam o teste novamente. O convencimento em se consultar foi em 50.14% por decisão própria, 26,67% encaminhados por médicos, 18,55% pela esposa, 7,83% por familiares ou amigos, 6,67% através da mídia e 24.06% tiveram consulta marcada pelas parceiras. Embora 85,47% soubessem da importância do exame, 80,81% consideram-se mais esclarecidos após a consulta. A falta de informação sobre o exame foi mais freqüente dentre os pacientes de menor escolaridade e 52.38% com decisão própria em se consultar tinham conhecimento prévio à consulta sobre a importância do exame. Conclusão: Medo e vergonha frente ao TR desempenham papel significativo na resistência ao se submeter ao exame, porem a maioria absoluta dos pacientes achou menos desagradável do que imaginava e repetirá o exame futuramente
Abstract: Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of death in men. Recent studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the digital rectal examination (DRE) in early diagnosis. Aim: To evaluate the psychological and demographic aspects of men who received DRE during the PCa screening in an outpatient clinical setting. Patients and Methods: Patients (345) who underwent DRE for the first time from February 2006 to December 2007 were evaluated for their psychological reactions and feelings after the examination. Data on age, race, education, profession and the motivations for the screening were gathered. Correlation of descriptive and psychological aspects of patients under PCa screening was done. Results: The average age of the patients was 52.8 years; 40.94% had felt fear (examination fear 15.94%, and diagnosis fear 25%), 26.45% shame and 48.26% indicated they were not thinking about anything. There was no correlation between age, educational level and emotional reactions. Most patients (96.8%) would undergo a DRE again and 52.35% had considered it better than they had imagined. Of these patients, 41.81% were illiterate/incomplete elementary school. Only 4.12% described having a negative experience. The factors that persuade the patient to book an appointment were: 50.1% made their own decision, 26.67% were recommended by a physician, 18.55% family/friends and 6.67% were influenced by the media. Wives booked 24.06% of the consultations. Although 85.47% of patients had some previous knowledge about the examination, 80.81% felt they had further clarification afterward. Lower educational level was related to lack of information about DRE, while 52.38% who made their own decision had previous knowledge of the importance of DRE. Emotional aspects and access to information play significant roles in the decision to undergo PCa screening and must be considered in educational campaigns. Conclusion: The majority of the patients found DRE less awkward than what they had imagined it to be and would repeat the examination in the future. Fear and shame before the examination are baseless, but are a barrier to the DRE
Mestrado
Pesquisa Experimental
Mestre em Cirurgia
SILVA, Lúcia Patrícia Bezerra Gomes da. "Investigação histoquimiluminescente com lectinas e avaliação da influência dos hormônios esteroides na expressão de glicosiltransferases em neoplasias prostáticas." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/20410.
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FACEPE
O câncer está associado a alterações na glicosilação de glicoproteínas e glicolipídios de superfície celular que podem afetar as interações entre esses glicanos de superfície celular e lectinas endógenas determinando o potencial metastático do tumor. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o glicofenótipo de tecidos de próstata normal, Hiperplasia Prostática Benigna (HPB) adenocarcinoma próstatico (AP) e investigar se estrógeno regula a glicosilação alterada no câncer da próstata andrógeno refratário usando as linhagens DU-145 e PC-3. As lectinas Concanavalin A (Con A), Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA-I) e Peanut agglutinin (PNA) foram conjugadas ao éster de acridina (EA-lectinas). As amostras de tecido foram incubadas com lectinas-EA e a quimiluminescência do complexo lectina-tecido-EA foi expressa em unidades relativas de luz (URL). Tecidos transformados demonstraram uma expressão estatisticamente significativa inferior de α-D-glucose / manose e Gal-β (1-3) -GalNAc que os tecidos normais. No entanto, uma maior expressão de α-L-fucose foi observada em AP em relação a tecidos normais e a BHP. Observou-se uma diminuição da expressão dos valores de URL por inibição da interação entre tecidos e lectinas-AE utilizando os seus carboidratos específicos. A relação entre URL e a área de tecido mostrou uma correlação linear para todos lectinas-AE em ambos os tecidos transformados. Nos estudos in vitro utilizando linhagens de câncer de próstata andrógeno refratário, DU-145 e PC-3 tratadas com estradiol ou estradiol associado à fulvestranto, foi observado na linhagem PC-3 aumento de expressão de CMP-Neu5Ac: GalNAc-R α-2,6sialiltransferase (ST6GALNac-I) quando exposta a estradiol e uma diminuição de expressão na presença do antagonista fulvestranto. Esse comportamento não foi observado na linhagem DU-145. O receptor de estrógeno ERα apresentou diminuição de expressão em células PC-3 tratadas com fulvestranto, não sendo observada diferença de expressão do receptor de estrógeno β em nenhuma das linhagens. Lectin blotting usando as lectinas VVA (Vicia Villosa Lectin) e SNA (Sambucus nigra aglutinin) possibilitou identificar a sialilação do antígeno Tn nas células PC-3 tratadas com estradiol, bem como a expressão do antígeno Tn não sialilado na linhagem DU-145 nas mesmas condições de tratamento. A capacidade de migração de células PC-3 tratadas com estradiol, estradiol combinado a fulvestranto e estradiol combinado a SNA foi avaliada através do ensaio migração (cicatrização de ferida), sendo observado que estradiol induz migração celular enquanto que fulvestranto e SNA reduzem a capacidade migratória. Portanto, podemos inferir que no câncer de próstata há uma alteração na glicosilação e que estrógeno possivelmente pode atuar regulando a expressão de glicosiltransferases responsáveis pela alteração da glicosilação conferindo um potencial metastático tumoral.
Cancer is associated with glycosylation alterations in cell-surface glycoproteins and glycolipids that can affect interactions between those glycans and endogenous lectins, determining the metastatic potential of the tumor. This study aimed to evaluate the glycophenotype in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa) tissues and investigate as estrogen regulates the altered glycosylation in prostate cancer androgen refractory using DU-145 and PC-3 cells. Concanavalin A (Con A), Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA-I) and Peanut agglutinin (PNA) lectins were conjugated to acridinium ester (lectins-AE). Tissue samples were incubated with lectins-AE. The chemiluminescence of the tissue-lectin-AE complex was expressed in relative light units (RLU). Transformed tissues showed statistical significant lower α-D-glucose/mannose and Gal-β(1-3)-GalNAc expression than normal tissues. However, higher α-L-fucose expression was observed in PCa in relation to normal and BHP tissues. We observed an expressive decreasing of the values of RLU by inhibition of the interaction between tissues and lectins-AE using their specific carbohydrates. The relationship between RLU and tissue area showed a linear correlation for all lectin-AE in both transformed tissues. In vitro studies using DU-145 and PC-3 androgen-refractory cell lines treated with estradiol or estradiol associated to fulvestrant was observed in PC-3 cell line increased α 2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6GALNac-I) expression when exposed to estradiol and decreased of expression in presence of the fulvestrant antagonist. This behavior was not observed in DU -145 cells. The estrogen receptor ERα presented decreased expression in PC-3 cells treated with fulvestrant, not seen difference in estrogen receptor β expression in any of the cells lines. Through lectin blotting using the VVA lectins (Lectin Vicia villosa) and SNA (Sambucus nigra aglutinin) was identified sialylation Tn antigen (sTn) in PC-3 cells treated with estradiol as well as the Tn antigen in DU-145 under the same conditions of treatment. Migration capacity of the PC-3 cells treated with estradiol, fulvestrant and SNA was measured by wound-healing assay (n=2). We observed that estradiol induced cell migration while fulvestrant (ICI) and SNA lectin reduced migration capacity into the wounds. Representative image of the cell cultures with scratches at 24 h are shown. Therefore, we can infer that there is change in glycosylation in prostate cancer and that estrogen can act regulating the expression of glycosyltransferase responsible for the glycosylation altered conferring tumor metastatic potential.
Zambra, Francis Maria Báo. "Análise imunogenética e de expressão do HLA-G em câncer de próstata e hiperplasia prostática benigna." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150688.
Full textProstate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are unrelated prostatic tumoral conditions, highly prevalent and affecting aged men. Their etiologies are not well understood, with few risk factors recognized, which make the identification of susceptible individuals to the disease difficult. The immunological condition is determinant in tumor development and progression. The human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is an immunomodulatory molecule related to mechanisms of immunological tolerance. Several pieces of evidence have supported the role of HLA-G as an escape mechanism of tumor cells from antitumor immunity, suggesting that the expression of this molecule in cancer patients can be harmful. In pathological and phisiological prostate conditions, little is known about the role of HLA-G. In the present work, we investigated the influence of HLA-G in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Men from South Brazil with PCa, BPH and healthy individuals predominantly euro-descendant were included in the study. Firstly, eight HLA-G 3′ untranslated region (UTR) polymorphisms were analyzed in 468 individuals, including the 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism (rs371194629) and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at gene position +3003T/C (rs1707), +3010C/G (rs1710), +3027A/C (rs17179101), +3035C/T (rs17179108), +3142G/C (rs1063320), +3187A/G (rs9380142) and +3196C/G (rs1610696). The profile of HLA-G protein expression was characterized in 53 cancerous/hyperplastic (PCa/BPH) and in areas evaluated as normal prostate tissues provenient from patients with PCa and BPH. Finally, the systemic immunological profile was investigated in each studied condition through the characterization of the Th1/Th2/Th17 serum cytokine profile in the three groups (n=89). For that, the concentration of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and IL-17A cytokines was measured. In this study, we found evidence of a significant influence of HLA-G 3′UTR polymorphisms in PCa susceptibility and our data support the use of the +3003 variant as a tag SNP for PCa risk. In addition, it was possible diferentiate prostate tissues with cancer from with hyperplasia and normal tissues through the level of HLA-G protein expression. An elevated expression was observed predominantly in PCa tissues, but elevated level of HLA-G expression was not common in normal and BPH prostate tissues. These results provide evidence of a considerable influence of HLA-G protein expression in PCa development. As a possible escape mechanism of prostate tumor cells from antitumor immunity, HLA-G represents a potential therapy target in PCa. About the systemic immunological profile in the evaluated conditions, high IL-10 and TNF-α level differentiated PCa patients from healthy men, while high IFN-γ and IL-17A level differentiated BPH from PCa patients. In conclusion, our data point out to a profile related to immunological tolerance in PCa, influenced by HLA-G and able to favour the cancer development. In BPH, a benign tumor condition, the data point out to a higher responsiveness of the immune system.
Orellana, Serradell Octavio. "Efecto de endocanabinoides en carcinoma prostático humano y posible vía de acción intracelular." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105339.
Full textJaeger, Carlos Daniel O. "O efeito do exercício físico em esteira rolante nos níveis séricos do antígeno prostático específico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15377.
Full textLedur, Caetana Machado. "Sinalização androgênica em tumores de próstata." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/156453.
Full textThe development of diseases affecting the prostate is associated with the androgenic signaling axis, which is highly dependent on the androgen receptor (AR) and circulating levels of androgens. The AR acts as a transcription factor, mediating the activation or repression of the transcription of innumerable genes. Thus, AR plays an important role in the regulation of prostate cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we sought to identify the gene expression of several genes associated with the androgenic signaling pathway in microdissected samples of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (n = 3) and prostate cancer (PC) (n = 3) by RT-qPCR , as also the protein expression of some differentially expressed genes. Gene expression showed that 17 genes (AIG1, APPL1, BRCA1, BRCA2, CDC25B, ESR2, HSD17B3, HSD17B8, IL8, MED17, MED24, PAK6, PIM1, POR, SHH, SOAT1 and WDR19) Presented expression only in the CaP group Seven genes (MED13, SPDEF, RDH11, CALR, NKX3-1, KLK4 and PMEPA1) presented increased expression in the CaP group compared to the HPB group; 40 genes (HSD11B1, TGFB1I1, BCL2, UGT2B17, SRY, UGT2B15, MED1, RCHY1, PA2G4, KAT2B, FOXO3, MED14, SUMO1, PIAS2, CALCOCO1, HSD17B6, DAXX, MED4, PARK7, PATZ1, NR2C1, TMPRSS2, PIAS1, AR, MED12 , SCARB1, PART1, PIAS3, NSD1, MED16, AOF2, ZMIZ1, NCOA1, MYST2, IGFBP5, SART3, CREBBP, TGIF1, CLDN3 and FKBP4) had decreased expression in the CaP group compared to the HPB group; 21 genes (AKR1C4, BMX, CRISP1, CYP11B1, CYP19A1, CYP21A1, DHRS9, FGF8, GPX5, GRP, HSD3B1, IL4, INFG, SHBG, STS, SPAG11B, TGM4, UGT1A8, UGT2A1 and UGT2B7) did not show expression in any of the groups and 7 genes (ESR1, IL6, NCOA2, NCOA4, PDS5B, SRD5A1 and SRD5A2) presented expression in both groups, but it was not possible to analyze them. In the protein expression of AR we find that it is more expressed in the nucleus of hyperplastic cells and in the cytoplasm in tumor cells. BRCA1 predominates in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, whereas a small fraction of hyperplastic cells is positive in the nucleus, and NKX3-1 shows greater cytoplasmic expression in CaP and similar expression in the nucleus of both groups. Thus, this work shows the great tumor heterogeneity through the variation in the gene and protein expression of both genes that favor as well as those that prevent tumor permanence in the specific tumor tissue, and it is believed to be the primary CaP, regulatory pathways that tend to contain tumor are activated.
Baroni, Ronaldo Hueb. ""Estudo comparativo entre ressonância magnética e ultra-sonografia com power-Doppler no estadiamento local do câncer prostático: correlação com resultados anátomo-patológicos"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5151/tde-08082005-104836/.
Full textProstatic adenocarcinoma is a common tumor, corresponding to the second most common type of cancer and the second most common cause of cancer deaths among men. Local staging of prostatic cancer, which consists in the evaluation of extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle invasion, is an important factor for the prognosis and treatment of the disease, being radical prostatectomy one of the gold-standard treatment modalities for localized cancers. Rectal exam, PSA levels and pre-surgical Gleason stage are not reliable exams for local staging, with high understaging scores. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of endorectal power-Doppler ultrasound (US) and endorectal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for local staging of prostate cancer. Forty-two patients with biopsy-proven prostatic cancer were prospectively studied with endorectal MRI, and 36 of them were also studied with endorectal Doppler US, with the imaging results compared to the post-surgical hystopathological results.Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy results for extracapsular spread of disease were better for MRI than for US, however both methods obtained high ( > 85%) specificity results, which is considered the most important criteria for local staging. Accuracy for seminal vesicle invasion was adequate for both USD and MRI. At US, statistically significant correlation was observed between extracapsular extension of tumor and irregular bulging of the prostatic contour, while at MRI, statistically significant correlation was observed for irregular bulging and extraprostatic solid tissue. Our results showed that the use of imaging methods for local staging of prostatic tumors could reduce the rates of clinical understaging. Additional findings were the low specificity of both imaging methods for tumor localization, and the absence of differences between US, MRI and pathology for prostatic volume measurement.
Athanazio, Paulo Roberto Fontes. "Um método de contagem de pontos adaptado como uma estratégia prática de quantificação do volume do tumor e percentagem do envolvimento da próstata por carcinoma, em produtos de prostatectomia." Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, 2014. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/8690.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2014-10-29T14:29:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Roberto Fontes Athanazio. Um método de contagem... 2014.pdf: 318362 bytes, checksum: 072e0651f6d0f2f5e3be2d66a40acc39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
Introdução. É consenso que o laudo anatomopatológico de produtos de prostatectomia radical deve relatar de forma quantitativa a extensão do carcinoma prostático, mas qual o método a ser usado não é consensual. Objetivos. Relatar a experiência de um método de contagem de pontos adaptado em produtos de prostatectomias (n= 143) adaptado de Billis et al., Int Braz J Urol. 2003.29:113-120. Material e métodos. As margens basal e apical foram processadas pelo método do cone. O restante da próstata foi dividido em 12 regiões em forma de quadrantes: cada uma representada com duas secções. Em cada fragmento, oito pontos equidistantes foram marcados diretamente sobre a lamínula com caneta permanente. Os pontos presentes dentro da área do tumor foram contados e expressos na forma de percentagem de envolvimento por carcinoma (PEC) ou como volume do tumor (VT). Estes foram comparados com o método quantitativo mais usual de número de secções envolvidas (NSE). Resultados. Os três métodos apresentaram correlação moderada significante com níveis pré-operatórios de PSA, mas esta foi maior para os métodos baseados na contagem de pontos: NSE (r = 0.32), PEC (r = 0.39) e VT (r = 0.44). Quando estratificados em três categorias, os três métodos mostraram associação com escore de Gleason ≥7, Gleason primário ≥4, invasão angiolinfática e perineural, extensão extraprostática, envolvimento de vesículas seminais e margens positivas. Conclusão. Os três métodos quantitativos estão associados a marcadores morfológicos de progressão do carcinoma da próstata. Os métodos baseados na contagem de pontos proposta apresentam mais forte correlação com níveis pré-operatórios de PSA sérico.
Objective: To evaluate a modified point-count method for quantifying carcinoma in prostatectomy specimens (n=143), adapted from Billis et al., Int Braz J Urol. 2003.29:113-120. Methods: The basal/apical margins were sampled using the cone method. The remainder of the gland was divided into 12 quadrant-shaped regions which had two slices sampled. Eight equidistant points were marked directly on the coverslip over each fragment. The points inside the tumoral areas were counted and expressed as the percentage of prostate gland involvement by carcinoma (PGI) and as the tumor volume (TV). Results: A significant correlation between the preoperative PSA level and each of the three quantitative estimations was found, but it was higher for both values (PGI and TV) obtained using the point-count method, viz.: number of slices involved (NSI) (r = 0.32), PGI (r = 0.39) and TV (r = 0.44). When the data sets were stratified into three categories, all three methods correlated with Gleason scores ≥7, primary Gleason scores ≥4, perineural / angiolymphatic invasion, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion and positive margins. Conclusion: All three quantitative methods were associated with morphologic features of tumor progression. The results obtained using the modified point-count method correlated better with the preoperative PSA levels.
Valdés, Curiquén Solange Alondra. "Presencia de proteoglucanos de heparansulfato y moléculas de adhesión en carcinoma prostático humano." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105310.
Full textSeguel, Fernández Valentina Paz. "Regulación de la expresión de sindecanos 1 y 2 por el factor transcripcional snail en líneas celulares de cáncer prostático." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/138382.
Full textDurante la progresión tumoral las células epiteliales malignas pierden su polaridad, disminuyen la adhesión celular, aumentan la motilidad y adquieren capacidad invasiva. Este proceso se conoce como transición epitelio mesenquimal (TEM). En el cáncer de próstata (CaP) la disminución en la expresión de e-cadherina, que es inhibida por el factor de transcripción snail, se acompaña de una serie de otros cambios que facilitan el fenotipo mesenquimal. Las moléculas de adhesión celular (MACs)sindecano 1 y sindecano 2 cambian sus patrones de expresión y localización celular en relación a la agresividad del tumor prostático. A través de un análisis in silico, se ha descrito que existen sitios putativos de unión para snail en las regiones promotoras de los genes de sindecano 1ysindecano 2. El objetivo de esta tesis es demostrar que snail se une a regiones específicas de estos promotores reprimiendo su expresión en líneas celulares de CaP. El presente trabajo se realizó utilizando líneas celulares comerciales de CaP de baja (LNCaP) y alta (PC3) capacidad tumorigénica. Se estudió la unión de snail a regiones promotoras de los genes de sindecano 1y 2, mediante ensayos de inmunoprecipitación de cromatina (ChIP) y retardo en la movilidad electroforética en ambas líneas celulares. Para determinar si snail participa en la regulación transcripcional desindecano 1 ysindecano 2 se generó mediante infección con lentivirus una línea celular, LNCaP-Snail+, con sobreexpresión de snaily mediantePCR en tiempo real e inmunofluorescencia, se determinaron los niveles mRNA y proteínassnail,sindecano 1 y sindecano 2. Complementariamente se clonóel promotor de sindecano 1para evaluar, mediante ensayos de gen reportero con actividad luciferasa, el efecto de la sobreexpresión de snail en la regulación génica sindecano 1. Los resultados obtenidos mediante ChIP en este estudio demuestran que existe una interacción de snailcon las dos zonas más próximas al sitio de inicio de la transcripción del promotor del gen de sindecano 1, pero que no existe interacción de snailcon la región promotora de sindecano 2.Se confirmó que los niveles del transcrito y proteína snail aumentanen la línea celular LNCaP-Snail+ en comparación con líneas controles. Al determinar el efecto de la sobreexpresión de snail no se observaron disminuciones en los niveles de mRNA y proteínas de las moléculas sindecano 1 y sindecano 2 cuando existía sobreexpresión de snail. El ensayo de gen reportero tampoco da cuenta de una represión en el promotor de los genes de sindecano 1en la línea celular LNCaP-Snail+. Es posible concluir que existe unión de snail con dos regiones sólo en el promotor de sindecano 1, pero no existe una disminución en la expresión de esta molécula de adhesión en la línea celular LNCaP-Snail+. En el modelo estudiado no existe una disminución en la expresión de sindecano 1 y sindecano 2 cuando se sobreexpresa snail.Se propone que snail participa en la regulación génica de sindecano 1 en conjunto con otros represores transcripcionales que aún no han sido estudiados
During tumor progression epithelial cells lose their polarity, decrease their cell adhesion, increase their motility and acquire invasive capacity. This process is known as epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). In prostate cancer (PCa), the loss of e-cadherin, which is inhibited by the expression of snail, is accompanied by a number of other changes that facilitate the mesenchymal phenotype. The cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) syndecan 1 and syndecan 2 change their patterns of expression and cellular localization in relation to prostate tumor aggressiveness. Through a in silico analysis, we have described putative snail binding sites in promoter regions of syndecan 1 and 2 genes. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that snail binds to specific regions of these promoters repressing their expression in PCa cell lines. This work was performed using commercial PCa cell lines with low (LNCaP) and high (PC3) tumorigenic capacity. The snail binding to promoter regions of genes syndecan 1 and 2 was studied through chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay in both cell lines. To determine whether snail participates in the transcriptional regulation of syndecan 1 and syndecan 2, a cell line (LNCaP-Snail+) with overexpression of snail was generated by infection with lentivirus, and through real time PCR and immunofluorescence, mRNA levels and protein snail, syndecan 1 and syndecan 2 were determined. Additionally promoter of syndecan 1 was cloned to evaluate, by reporter gene assays with luciferase activity, the effect of the overexpression of snail in gene regulation of syndecan 1. The results obtained by ChIP in this study show that snail interacts with the two regions closer to the start site of transcription of the gene promoter syndecan 1, but no interaction of snail with the promoter region of syndecan 2. It was confirmed that the snail transcript and protein levels increase in LNCaP-Snail+ cell line compared to controls. The snail overexpression was not reduced syndecan 1 and syndecan 2 mRNA and protein levels. The reporter gene assay result also shows no repression in the promoter of the gene of syndecan 1 in the LNCaP-Snail+ cell line. We conclude that there is snail binding with only two regions in the promoter of the syndecan 1 gene, but there is no decrease in the expression of this CAM in the LNCaP-Snail+ cell line. In this model study, snail was not involved in gene regulation of syndecan 1. It is proposed that snail is involved in gene regulation of syndecan 1 in conjunction with other repressor molecules that have not yet been studied
Anzolch, Karin Marise Jaeger. "O efeito do toque retal sobre a dosagem sérica do antígeno prostático específico (PSA) em uma campanha de rastreamento para o câncer de próstata." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/6558.
Full textAndrade, Ardala Elisa Breda. "Análise por simulações pela dinâmica molecular do complexo proteína-DNA do domínio ETS da proteína PDEF: fatores intrínsecos ao DNA." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/1363.
Full textProtein-DNA comples assembling depends on amino acid side chains and nucleotides charge complementarity (direct readout mechanism) and on recognition by the protein os an already existing or induced three-dimensional DNA conformation (indirect readout mechanism). The PDEF protein is a transcriptional factor of genes related with cancer development in tissues under sexual hormones regulation, mainly prostate and mammary epithelia. Similar to the other proteins of the ETS family, PDEF binds DNA sequences through its ETS domain, which characterizes this family of transcription factors. Experimental studies indicate that ETS proteins are more dependable on indirect readout mechanism for complex formation, where the structure adopted by the DNA double helices has greater influence on the protein blinding affinity than the nucleotide sequence. While most ETS have high affinity for the nucleotide core seqeence 5'-GGAA-3' and low affinity to 5'-GGAT-3', PDEF blinds with high affinity the core sequence 5'-GGAT-3' and did not blind 5'-GGAT-3' sequences at all. PDEF has unique amino acid substitutions on the helix that blinds DNA in the major groove. In order to evaluate these amino acid substitutions consequences and the effect of base pair replacement on ETS blinding site on DNA's three-dimensional conformation, and consequently on protein-DNA affinity, we performed bioinformatics analyses on the ETS protein sequences and protein-DNA binding pattern analyses, as well as molecular dynamics simulation of 13 base-pairs DNA sequences with PDEF's high (GGAT), low (GGAG) and null (GGAA) affinity binding site. Bioinformatics analyses and molecular dynamics simulations results indicate that the protein amino acids substitutions and the altered hydrogen bonds donor and acceptor exposed on the major groove of the DNA (direct readout mechanism), along with conformational changes induced by base pair replacement on protein binding site position +4 (indirect readout mechanism) seems to be responsible for PDEF distinct binding pattern. However, non-conserved residues that contact DNA and the greater number of unspecific protein side chain hydrogen bonds to the DNA's main chain phosphates point out to the intramolecular readout mechanism as the most important recognition mode for ETS proteins.
A formaçao dos complexos proteína—DNA depende da complementaridade de cargas entre as cadelas laterals dos aminoácidos que compöern a protelna e os nudeotIdeos que compOern a cadeia de DNA (reconhecimento direto) e do reconhecirnento da estrutura, da conformaçao tridimensional, adotada ou capaz de ser adotada pela cadeia de DNA (reconhecimento indireto). A proteína PDEF está relacionada com o controle da transcrição de genes responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento de tumores em tecidos sujeitos à regulação por hormônios sexuais; principalmente câncer de mama e de próstata. Assim como as demais proteínas da família ETS de fatores de transcrição, a PDEF reconhece e se liga à cadeia de DNA através do domínio ETS, que caracteriza esta família. As proteínas ETS apresentam maior dependência dos fatores de reconhecimento indiretos na formação dos complexos proteína - DNA. Ou seja, a conformação adotada pela cadeia de DNA tem maior influência sobre a afinidade de ligação da proteína do que a própria seqüência de nucleotídeos. Ao contrário das demais proteínas ETS, que reconhecem com alta afinidade a seqüência 5’-GGAA-3’, e apresentam baixa ou nenhuma afinidade pela seqüência 5’-GGAT-3’, a proteína PDEF apresenta alta afinidade de ligação pela seqüência 5’-GGAT-3’ e não forma complexos com cadeias de DNA que contenham o sítio de ligação 5’-GGAA-3’. A PDEF apresenta ainda substituições únicas de aminoácidos na hélice de reconhecimento da cadeia de DNA. Para avaliar os efeitos destas substituições de aminoácidos e das substituições de pares de base no sítio de ligação da proteína na conformação tridimensional da cadeia de DNA, e consequentemente, na afinidade de ligação entre proteína e DNA, foram realizadas análises das seqüências de aminoácidos das proteínas ETS e das interações observadas experimentalmente na interface proteína-DNA e simulações pela dinâmica molecular dos tridecâmeros de DNA que contêm as seqüências de alta e de baixa afinidade pela proteína PDEF (GGAT e GGAG, respectivamente) e do sistema controle sem afinidade de ligação, GGAA. Os resultados das análises e das simulações pela dinâmica molecular indicam que as alterações na seqüência de aminoácidos da proteína, e a substituição dos grupamentos expostos no sulco maior da cadeia de DNA (padrão de reconhecimento direto, ou intermolecular), aliados a alterações na conformação da cadeia de DNA induzidas pelas substituições das bases na posição +4 do sitio de ligação (padrão de reconhecimento indireto ou intramolecular) parecem ser responsáveis pelo padrão de afinidade distinto da PDEF. No entanto, a não conservação dos resíduos que interagem com a cadeia de DNA, e a grande número de contatos não específicos com a cadeia fosfato-açúcar corroboram o padrão de leitura intramolecular como o principal mecanismo de reconhecimento da cadeia de DNA pelas proteínas ETS.
Espindola, Filho Jorge Luis. "Validação de um teste rápido imunocromatográfico para semi-quantificação de antígeno prostático específico em soro humano." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/7571.
Full textAround 1. 1 million cases of prostate cancer are estimated worldwide every year, accounting for more than 250,000 deaths. It is widely known that the improvement on patients' prognosis is due to an early diagnosis of this neoplasm. Although the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) has some limitations concerning sensitivity and specificity for the pathology in question, its serum dosage is used in many countries as a tool for screening and early detection of prostate cancer, which makes it one of the most used devices since its discovery. In 2014, the Brazilian public health system authorized more than 4. 8million tests of this kind. Considering the territorial and economic heterogeneity of the Brazilian population, it is necessary to the develop tests with low cost and easy application, which will assist the diagnosis of prostate cancer, without sacrificing sensitivity and specificity. Thus, this study means to validate a rapid test for semi-quantification of PSA in human serum, developed by the Brazilian company FK Biotechnology. At the end of the study, the product showed diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 85. 71%, being considered satisfactory for a preliminary test, but requiring subsequent adjustments.
Cerca de 1 milhão e 100 mil casos de câncer de próstata são estimados no mundo anualmente, responsáveis por mais de 250 mil óbitos. Sabe-se que a melhora do prognóstico dos pacientes deve-se a um diagnóstico precoce desta neoplasia. Embora o Antígeno Prostático Específico (PSA) tenha limitações do ponto de vista de sensibilidade e especificidade para a patologia em destaque, sua dosagem sérica é utilizada em muitos países como ferramenta para o rastreamento e detecção precoce de câncer de próstata, caracterizando-o como uma das ferramentas mais utilizadas desde sua descoberta. Em 2014, o sistema público de saúde brasileiro autorizou aproximadamente mais de 4,8 milhões de testes como este. Levando em consideração a heterogeneidade territorial e econômica da população do Brasil, é necessária a elaboração de ensaios de baixo custo e fácil aplicação que possam auxiliar no diagnóstico do câncer de próstata, sem abrir mão da sensibilidade e especificidade. Desta forma, o presente trabalho consistiu na validação de um teste rápido desenvolvido por uma empresa brasileira de biotecnologia para semi-quantificação de PSA em soro humano. Ao final do estudo, o produto apresentou sensibilidade diagnóstica = 100% e especificidade = 85,71%, sendo considerado satisfatório para um teste preliminar, mas necessitando ajustes posteriores.
Reis, Sabrina Thalita dos. "Avaliação de polimorfismos dos genes das metaloproteinases da matriz no câncer de próstata." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-17122008-103016/.
Full textIntroduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent tumor in males in Brazil. Research has been directed for the identification of molecular markers that can predict the PCa predisposition and prognosis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are genome variations, present in a frequency of 1% or more. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes responsible for the degradation of extracellular matrix. SNPs have been demonstrated in the promoter region of these genes and have been associated with development and progression of some cancers. Objective: To investigate the correlation between polymorphisms of MMP1, 2, 7, 9 with susceptibility and classical prognostic parameters in PCa. Patients and methods: The sample is constituted by normal tissue of 100 patients with PCa, and 100 healthy men as controls (serum). DNA genomic was extracted from paraffin blocks and serum using conventional protocols. The DNA sequence containing the polymorphic sites was amplified by Real-Time polymerase chain reaction, using fluorescent probes (Taqman®). The allelic frequency was calculated and the comparison between the groups was made using the qui-square test with value of significance of 0.05. Results: The polymorphic homozygote genotype of the MMP1 was more frequent in the control group than in the PCa (p<0.001). The polymorphic allele of MMP9 was more frequent in the PCa group (p<0.001), and in tumors Gleason6 (p=0,003). The polymorphic allele of MMP2 was more frequent in tumors of higher stage (pT3) (p=0.026) and higher Gleason Score (7) (p=0.042). Conclusion: We have shown that MMP1 polymorphism is more frequent in the control group, than in patients with PCa, it may be associated to protection for the development of PCa. The MMP9 polymorphism was related to higher risk for development of this neoplasia, but associated with lower Gleason score. MMP2 polymorphism was associated with non organconfined disease.
Biolchi, Vanderlei. "Polimorfismo CAG e GGC do receptor de androgênios e a expressão de correguladores em homens com câncer de próstata e hiperplasia prostática benigna." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26882.
Full textIntroduction. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men within the U.S. In 2010, 192,280 new cases were estimated in the U.S., and 27,360 deaths were due to this disease. The estimated incidence of prostate cancer in Brazil is of 52,350 new cases in 2010, mainly in southern regions. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a very frequent age-related proliferative abnormality in men. The prevalence of BPH is around 14 % at the age of 40 to 50 years, and 43% among those 60+. The pathogenesis of tumor development has been closely associated to the action of steroid hormones. The androgenic effects are mediated by testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the target cells and their action have been demonstrated in morphogenesis, differentiation, cell proliferation and secretions of the prostate gland. The androgen binding promotes the activation of the androgen receptor, recruitment of co-factors, promoting the transcription of hormone-dependent target genes. Several AR-associated coregulators have been shown to be essential for AR activation during disease progression. SHP, FHL2 and P160 complex (SRC1, GRIP1 and AIB1) has been shown as important AR coregulators. Polymorphic CAG and GGC repeats in the androgen receptor (AR) can alter transactivation of androgen-responsive genes and, potentially, act over BPH and PCa risks. Purposes. 1. To investigate the association between CAG and GGC repeat length, testosterone levels and the risks of PCa and BPH in a case-control study from a Brazilian population. 2. To investigate the SHP, FHL2, P160 and AR expressions in BPH, PCa and PUZ (periurethral zone tissue from PCa sample) tissues. Material and Methods. At Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 344 patients were evaluated; 130 PCa, 126 BPH and 88 healthy controls, to analyze CAG and GGC polymorphisms. DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes and the AR gene was analyzed by fragment analysis. Hazard Ratio (HR) and 95% confidence limits were estimated. 102 men undergoing surgical removal were evaluated to analyze gene expressions; 36 BPH, 66 PCa and 33 PUZ. RNA was extracted and gene expression was analyzed by real time RT-PCR. Protocols and informed consent were approved by the local and national ethics committee. Results. CAG and GGC mean lengths were not different between PCa, BPH and controls. The risk of developing PCa in individuals who have the long allele for GGC polymorphism (GGC > 18 and GGC >19) was 1.96 and 3.30 times higher compared to the short allele (GGC ≤ 18 and GGC ≤ 19) (P=0.035 and P=0.007), respectively. The risk of developing BPH in individuals who have the long allele for GGC polymorphism (GGC > 18) was 2.33 times higher compared to the short allele (GGC ≤ 18) (P=0.008). The risk of developing PCa and BPH in individuals who have the total testosterone < 4ng/mL were 2.80 (P=0.005) and 2.78 times higher (P=0.002), respectively, compared to individuals with testosterone levels > 4ng/mL. The total testosterone level in patients with GGC >19 was significantly lower in comparison to patients with GGC ≤ 19 (P=0.001). AR mRNA level was higher in PCa and PUZ group than BPH (P=0.033 and P<0.001, respectively). SHP level was higher in PCa group compared to BPH (P=0.039). FHL2 level was higher in PUZ group compared to PCa and HPB (P<0.001 and P=0.007, respectively). SRC1 showed no difference between PCa and BPH, but PUZ group SRC1 levels was higher compared to PCa (P<0.001) and BPH (P=0,005). GRIP1 levels were higher in PCa and PUZ group than BPH (P<0.001 and P=0.006, respectively). AIB1 level was higher in PCa and PUZ group compared to BPH (P=0.030 and P=0.001, respectively). FHL2 protein expression was higher in PCa group compared to HPB (P=0.023). Molecular analysis of AR, GRIP1 and AIB1 demonstrated better diagnosis parameters compared to serum PSA levels. Conclusions. Our data suggest that the presence of a long number of GGC polymorphic repeats in the androgen receptor gene is associated with the increased risk of developing PCa and BPH. Serum testosterone levels were lower in PCA and BPH groups when compared to control groups. Low levels of testosterone can increase the risk of PCa and BPH. This study indicates a larger participation of AR, SHP, FHL2 and P160 genes in the prostate proliferation. AR, FHL2, SRC1, GRIP1 and AIB1 might be analyzed on the future to accomplish some patients who have higher PSA levels, altered digital rectal examination, and negative biopsy.
Hillebrand, Ana Caroline. "Identificação da presença de isoformas do receptor de androgênios (AR) em tumores da próstata e a sua possível associação com a agressividade do tumor." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/72828.
Full textProstate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are the most common prostatic diseases and both are disorders in prostatic growth, whose prevalence increase with age. The androgen deprivation is one of the most common therapies for PCa, and, although there is a period of clinical remission, many patients occasionally progress to a condition refractory to hormone therapy, known as androgen-independent CaP (castration-resistant). Molecular changes in the androgen receptor (AR) have been associated with progression of PCa. This study aimed at identifying the presence of AR isoforms derived from alternative splicing both in benign tissue of BPH (n = 30) and in malignant tissue of PCa (n = 27). The isoforms studied were AR3, AR4, AR5 and AR6. AR gene expression did not differ between the studied groups (P = 0.160). AR4 showed higher expression in PCa patients (P = 0.029) and, among these, the expression levels were higher in patients with biochemical recurrence (P = 0.049). Given the similarity between the molecules of cDNA from AR3, AR5 and AR6, their detection was performed using a different strategy for mRNA amplification. The expression of AR3, AR5 and AR6 (AR3/5/6), together, was higher in PCa group (P = 0.021), while the expression of only AR5 and AR6 (AR5/6) was not different between the groups (P = 0.184). Aiming at inferring a value for the expression of AR3, it was also analyzed the ratio (AR3/5/6) / (AR5/6), which showed higher expression levels in PCa group compared to BPH group (P <0.001). In PCa samples, we found a positive correlation between the Gleason score and the levels of mRNA isoforms AR5/6 (0,524; P = 0,006), and a negative correlation between the Gleason score and the ratio (AR3/5/6) / (AR5/6) (-0.429, P = 0.029). AR4 gene expression was positively correlated with the expression of gene isoforms AR3/5/6 and AR5/6 (0.646, P < 0.001 and 0.518, P = 0.006) in this group. In the BPH group, we found a positive correlation between the gene expression of AR and plasmatic levels of preoperative PSA (0.479, P = 0.013). We also found a positive correlation between AR4 and AR3/5/6 gene expression (0.818, P = 0.0001), AR5/6 (0.387, P = 0.035) and the reason (AR3/5/6) / (AR5/6) (0.394, P = 0.031) in this group. Although at different levels, all investigated isoforms were expressed both in benign tissue (BPH) and in malignant tissue (PCa). These results support the assumption that these constitutively active isoforms of AR are involved in the development of prostatic diseases. Furthermore, AR4 expression may be associated with recurrence after radical prostatectomy.
Fonseca, Roberto Cepêda. "Alterações dos níveis séricos do antígeno prostático específico encontradas no pós-operatório nos pacientes submetidos à ressecção transuretral da próstata." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-13102014-115043/.
Full textIntroduction - Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) remains as one of the most common surgeries in men over 50 years old and is considered the gold standard in the surgical treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Although its efficacy in the relief of lower urinary symptoms in patients with BPH have been extensively demonstrated, it is not clear how it affects the serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the progression of the serum levels of PSA after TURP in patients with BPH. Materials - From April 2003 to July 2004, 30 patients with BPH were selected for TURP and were prospectively evaluated. The age of the patients varied from 46 to 84 years (median 68,5 years). Preoperative evaluation included quantification of the lower urinary tract symptoms with the international prostatic symptom score (IPSS), assessment of the serum levels of total and free PSA and evaluation of the prostate weight bytransrectal ultrasound. Prostate fragments resected in the surgery were weighed and histologically evaluated. Postoperatively, patients were evaluated after 30, 60 and 180 days of the surgery, with IPSS, free-tototal PSA ratio (PSAf/t). To evaluate the influence of the presence of chronic prostatitis on the PSA levels, patients were divided in two groups based on the presence or absence of prostatitis and compared in terms of preoperative clinical variables and PSA levels as well as the postoperative progression of the PSA levels. Results - In the preoperative evaluation, I-PSS varied from 18 to 29, with a mean of 22,5 ± 2,9. Total PSA levels varied from 0,79 ng/ml to 33,46 ng/ml with a mean of 6,19 ng/ml and median of 3,79. The mean PSAf/t ration was 18,18% ± 3,36. Prostate weight varied from 29,0 to 130,0g with a mean of 71,8g. Resected prostate weight varied from 11g to 102g, mean 29,87g ± 19,58g. A significant decrease of the IPSS was observed in all moments of postoperative evaluation, with a mean of 12,6 ± 2,0 on the 30th postoperative day (PO); 11,6 ± 1,6 on the 60 PO and 11,3 ± 1,8 on the 180 PO (p< 0,01 for all comparisons with the preoperative IPSS). Total PSA was significantly reduced in all moments of postoperative evaluation in comparison with the preoperative levels, with a mean of 2,27ng/ml ± 2,20 on the 30 PO; 1,75ng/ml ± 1,66 on the 60 PO and 1,79 ng/ml ± 1,26 on the 180 PO (p<0,001 for all comparisons). A significant difference was observed in the PSA levels of the 30 PO in comparison with the 60 and 180 PO (p<0,05) but not in the comparison of the 60 PO with 180 PO. The PSAf/t ration did not significantly varied in comparison with the preoperative values, with a mean of 17,78% ± 8,59 on the 30 PO; 18,69% ± 9,89 on the 60 PO and 21 ± 7,49 % on the 180 PO (p =0,91). On the histopathological studies, 12 (40%) patients were diagnosed with chronic prostatitis and BPH and e 18 (60%) with isolated BPH. There was no statisticaly significant differences between patients with and without prostatitis in terms of the preoperative parameters age, I-PSS, total PSA, PSAf/t ration and resected prostate weight. Among the patients with prostatitis, serum levels of total PSA varied from 8,1ng/ml ± 10,2 preoperatively, to 2,4ng/ml ± 2,3; 1,6ng/ml ± 1,0 e 1,9ng/ml ± 0,9, respectively after 30, 60 and 180 days postoperatively. Among the patients without prostatitis, serum levels of total PSA varied from 4,9ng/ml ± 3,7 preoperatively, to 2,2ng/ml ± 2,2; 1,8ng/ml ± 2,0 e 1,7ng/ml ± 1,5, respectively after 30, 60 and 180 days postoperatively. There was no significant differences between the groups in any of the evaluations. Conclusions - Serum levels of total PSA in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia reduce significantly after transurethral resection of the prostate, reaching the lowest stabilization value 60 days after the surgery. The PSAf/t ration is not altered by the surgery. The presence of chronic prostatitis has no influence on the progression of the serum levels of total PSA. These findings should help the clinician in the management of patients submitted to transurethral resection of the prostate
Souza, Felipe Gonçalves Schröder e. 1983. "Perfil dos pacientes submetidos à biópsia de próstata = Profile of patients who undergo prostate biopsy." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312937.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Introdução: A neoplasia de próstata é a segunda mais prevalente entre os homens, com estimativa de cerca de 68 mil casos novos no Brasil em 2014. Além disso, é a segunda causa de morte no sexo masculino por neoplasias. O câncer de próstata raramente causa sintomas em seus estágios iniciais, por isso existe a necessidade do diagnóstico precoce. Atualmente a forma de rastreamento desta neoplasia ainda é controverso, porém quando realizado, baseia-se em exame digital retal da próstata e na mensuração sérica dos níveis do PSA. Estudos de rastreamento populacional mostraram uma diminuição de 41% no casos de neoplasia avançada de próstata e risco de diagnóstico de câncer 46% maior, quando comparados a grupos não submetidos a rastreamento. O PSA não é câncer específico, então, os refinamentos do PSA (relação do PSA livre/total, densidade do PSA e velocidade do PSA) aparecem como métodos para melhorar sua especificidade, na tentativa de diminuir o número de biópsias desnecessárias. Quando existe suspeita diagnóstica, é indicada uma biópsia guiada por ultrassonografia transretal, procedimento que não é isento de complicações, principalmente as infecciosas. Objetivos: Avaliar a positividade para adenocarcinoma de próstata em biópsias guiadas por ultrassonografia transretal, e estratificá-la de acordo com a idade, com o valor do PSA total, com a densidade do PSA e com a relação entre a fração livre do PSA e o PSA total. Materiais e Métodos: Analisamos retrospectivamente os resultados obtidos no serviço de urologia do Hospital Municipal Dr. Mário Gatti com relação à positividade das biópsias estratificadas pela idade, PSA total, percentual da fração livre do PSA e densidade do PSA, comparando-os com os dados descritos na literatura. Resultados: Foram realizadas 314 biópsias no período de janeiro de 2011 à novembro de 2012. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 65,2 (± 8,32) anos e a positividade foi de 44,9%. A positividade das biópsias foi maior com o aumento da idade (p<0,001), com o aumento do PSA (p<0,001), com o aumento da densidade (p<0,001) e com a diminuição da relação do PSA (p=0,002) Conclusão: A neoplasia prostática correlacionou-se significativamente com o aumento da idade, do PSA total, da densidade do PSA, e com a diminuição da relação entre o PSA livre sobre o PSA total
Abstract: Introduction: Prostate neoplasia is the second most prevalent neoplasia in men and about 68 thousand new cases were estimated in 2014 in Brazil. In addition, it is the second most common cause of cancer related death in men. Prostate cancer rarely causes symptoms at an early stage, hence the need of an early diagnosis. Although there is still no consensus about how to screen this neoplasia, it is done through digital rectal examination and measurement of PSA levels. Population screening trials showed a decrease of 41% in new cases of advanced prostate neoplasia. The risk of a cancer diagnosis increased 46% when compared to the group who was not screened. PSA is not cancer specific. Therefore, PSA features (relation between free PSA and total PSA, PSA density, PSA velocity) are used to increase its specificity, attempting to reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies. Once there is a cancer suspicion, a biopsy guided by transrectal ultrasonography is indicated, which is not a complication free procedure, mainly infection. Objective: to assess the positiveness of prostatic adenocarcinoma in transrectal ultrasonography guided biopsies and to evaluate it according to age, total PSA value, PSA density, and the relation between free PSA and total PSA. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study with patients who underwent prostatic biopsy guided by transrectal ultrasonography done by the urology team from Hospital Municipal Dr. Mário Gatti. Collected data included patient¿s age, total PSA value, PSA density and the relation between free PSA and total PSA. Results: 314 prostatic biopsies guided by transrectal ultrasonography were analyzed between January 2011 and November 2012. Patient¿s mean age was 65.2 (+/-8.32) years. A positive biopsy to adenocarcinoma was found in 44.9% of the patients. The number of positive biopsies was higher among older patients (p<0.001). It was also higher the higher the PSA (p<0.001) and the higher the PSA density (p<0.001). It was inversely related to PSA relation (p=0.002). Conclusion: There is a direct correlation between prostatic neoplasia and age, value of PSA and PSA density. Additionally, prostatic neoplasia is inversely proportional to the relation of free PSA over total PSA
Mestrado
Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica
Mestre em Ciências da Cirurgia
Toniazzo, Gustavo Piazza. "Correlação entre níveis séricos de PSA e estimativa de volume tumoral em fragmentos de biópsia de próstata em pacientes portadores de adenocarcinoma da próstata." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10733.
Full textPurpose: To determine the correlation between serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, Gleason score and tumor volume in prostate needle biopsy cores in patients with prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 64 patients who underwent prostate biopsy between april 26th and September 15th 2000 had the histologic diagnosis of prostate cancer. Prostate needle biopsy specimens where examined for histologic diagnosis, Gleason score and tumor volume measure through the determination of the cancer ratio in the biopsy cores and by the linear measurement of the biggest tumor axle . Serum PSA levels obtained previously to the biopsy were also determined. Results: We found a positive correlation between tumor volume estimative and PSA serum levels. Considering the tumor volume measures, the cancer ratio in the biopsy cores was the independt measure wich had the strongest correlation. Considering Gleason score, a significant association with PSA serum levels was demonstrated (p<0,01) as well when associated to tumor volume measures, Gleason (p<0,05). Conclusions: There is correlation between PSA serum levels, Gleason score and tumor volume measures in prostate needle biopsy cores in men with prostate cancer, however the impact of this association in the prognostic determination of these patients remains unclear.
Pizzolato, Lolita Schneider. "Análise da modulação androgênica na proliferação celular e expressão de genes alvo em hiperplasia prostática benigna e câncer de próstata." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/54948.
Full textIntroduction: The prostate gland depends on the steroid hormones to have. an adequate development and secretory functionality With the advancing age, changes occurs in prostate tissue with other prostate diseases. The two forms clinically most important and prevalent of abnormal growth of the prostate gland are benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). These diseases are the result of changes in cell cycle which is maintained by two processes: proliferation and apoptosis. These processes are regulated by expression of gene product, such as the p53, MDM2, p21, Bcl2 and Bax. Aims: To evaluate the cell proliferation in primary cultures of prostatic cells treated with different concentrations of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), to verify the levels of RNAm of Bcl2, Bax, p53, MDM2 and p21 in primary culture of prostatic cells treated with different concentrations of DHT; to determine levels of mRNA of the Bcl2, Bax, p53, MDM2 and p21 in tissue from BPH and PCa and to evaluate the odds ratio for PCa. Methods: To perform the primary cultures were used tissue samples with the diagnosis of BPH. The epithelial and stromal prostatic cells were plated separately for the analysis of the cell proliferation and for gene expression. The groups regarding to the treatment were divided into subgroups treated with different doses of DHT and the antiandrogen hidroxiflutamide (OH-FLU): control group (culture medium supplemented with 5% of charcoal -treated FBS), group DHT 10-8 M, group DHT 10-13 M, group OHFLU 10-6 M, group DHT 10-8 M associated with OH-FLU 10-6 M and the group DHT 10-13 M associated with OH-FLU 10-6 M. For the evaluation of cellular proliferation cells in culture was evaluated by MTT. For the evaluation of gene expression, was performed the total RNA extraction for the cells in culture and real time PCR. To evaluate the gene expression of tissue, the samples with BPH and with PCa were submitted to the extraction of total RNA followed by the technique of real time PCR. Results: The evaluation cell proliferation for the prostatic epithelial cells, treated with DHT 10-13M, presented an increase of 33% in the cell proliferation and the cells treated with DHT 10-8M, OH-FLU 10-6M, DHT 10-13M associated with OH-FLU 10-6M and DHT 10-8M associated with OH-FLU 10-6M showed an increase in the proliferation of 24%, 31%, 25% e 21% respectively, when compared with the control group. Prostatic stroma cells, in culture, treated with different doses of hormone showed a variation in cell proliferation of less than 10% when compared with the control group. The gene expression of MDM2, p53, p21, Bcl2 and Bax of prostatic epithelial and stroma cells, treated with different concentrations of DHT, do not show statistically significant difference. The expression of mRNA into the prostatic tissue of the genes MDM2, p53, p21, Bcl2 showed an increase statistically significant in PCa when compared with the group BPH. The Bax gene did not show significant difference when compared with the group BPH. From the choice of best cut point of the ROC curve, our results showed that person that presented the expression of MDM2 above 2.89, the chance of the individual to have PCa is increased 69 fold. For expression of the genes p53, p21, Bcl2 and Bax, when they presenting an expression higher than the value of the cut point, the chance to have PCa increased 15, 31, 17 and 4 folds respectively. The expressions of the genes MDM2 and p21 showed a good sensibility and optimal specificity when compared to the PSA. Since the genes p53 and Bcl2 showed a good sensibility and specificity, and Bax showed a good sensibility, but a low specificity when compared to the PSA. Based on sensibility and specificity data, were evaluated the tests in parallel and in series, in which the analysis in parallel showed better sensibility than specificity, and the serial analysis was more specific than sensitive. Conclusions: The model of the primary culture of cells for assessment of cell proliferation is viable. The prostatic epithelial and stromal cells, treated with DHT, not show significant difference in gene expression between groups. The increase of the gene expression in the samples of PCa indicate that the genes MDM2, p53, p21 and Bcl2 may be implicated into the development of prostate cancer. In accordance with the analyzes in series, these genes may have an great importance in the clinical when evaluated in series with the PSA to confirm the diagnosis of PCa in patients with elevated levels of PSA, digital rectal examination altered and biopsy negative.
Ferreira, Marcos Dias. "Análise da variação da dosagem sérica do antígeno prostático específico em programas de rastreamento para detecção precoce do câncer de próstata." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8467.
Full textOBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to determine the reduction of PSA serum dosage considered high in the first measurement, taking into account the possible variations – natural or post-antibiotic therapy – of PSA levels in the second measurement, and assess its usefulness as a method to increase PSA specificity aiming to reduce prostate biopsies. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data related to PSA kinetic behavior were obtained from a cohort of 181 patients with any PSA rate (Kinetics Group). From this group, we found data of pathological specimens from biopsies of 39 patients whose PSA>4,0 were obtained in the first measurement (Observation Group). The latter served as historic control group for the analysis of spontaneous variability of altered PSA and for the comparison of outcomes with the Intervention Group. In this prospective group of 66 patients with PSA>4,0 ng/ml an empirical therapeutic treatment with antibiotics for 4 weeks was proposed and the same comparative analysis of variability applied, including an assessment of this method’s performance as a diagnostic test. RESULTS There was a reduction in 64,6% of the patients from the first measurement (PSA¹) to the second (PSA²); on the other hand there was an increase in 63,5% of the patients in the PSA²-PSA³ interval. In the Observation Group the reduction was detected in 30,8% of the patients, with a reduction of PSA values around 15% (by CVP mean) and CaP found in 25,6%. However, there was no significant statistical difference between the detection percentages of CaP in the sub-groups where there was a reduction of PSA or not. Nevertheless, in the Intervention Group the reduction was perceived in 22,7% of the patients, with a reduction of the PSA around 13% (by CVP mean) and CaP found in 21,2%. Again, no significant statistical difference was observed between the two sub-groups: with or without PSA reduction. Through the assessment of the measurements of the PSA test and based on various stratifications and the analysis of its value reduction post-treatment, the following has been observed: high sensitivity (between 71-80%), low specificity (between 13-38%), high negative preditive values (73-83%), low positive preditive values (19-23%) and low accuracy (29-32%). CONCLUSION Within the intra-individual variability of the PSA around 15%, the expected fall of PSA markers presented by up to 30% of the patients after observation and therapeutic treatment has not determined a significant reduction in the CaP detection compared to subgroups who did not present a reduction. Therefore, these choices did not prove to be a selective method for the increase of PSA specificity when analyzed through the measurements of the diagnostic tests performance (preditive values and accuracy).
Müller, Roberto Lodeiro. "Parâmetros cinéticos do PSA em pacientes submetidos à biópsia de próstata." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/87166.
Full textBernardo, Viviane [UNIFESP]. "Metodologia para desenvolvimento de projeto multimídia aplicado ao ensino da medicina." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 1996. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/13391.
Full textCoelho, Guilherme Portela. "Relação entre os critérios diagnósticos histológicos e a expressão imuno-histoquímica da P53 no carcinoma prostático." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5833.
Full textAmadei, Larissa Pereira da Ponte. "Evolução bioquímica através de medidas seriadas de antígeno prostático específico (PSA) de pacientes submetidos a braquiterapia com implante de sementes de 125I no tratamento do adenocarcinoma de próstata." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5151/tde-29012009-091700/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Patients with low-risk prostate adenocarcinoma may be very well treated by low dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR) using 125I seeds. Follow-up with periodical serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) dosages is used to determine the effectiveness of treatment. Biochemical relapse may be defined either by the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) definition, or, more recently, by the Phoenix Consensus criteria. PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare biochemical failure-free survival (BFFS) of patients treated with LDR brachytherapy using ASTRO and Phoenix criteria. Also, to correlate BFFS with age, Gleason score, clinical stage, initial PSA, percentage of positive prostate biopsies, perineural invasion, prostate volume at diagnostic ultrasound, neoadjuvant hormone therapy, bounce, and D90 (dose received by 90% of the prostate). METHODS: A cohort of 329 patients who received LDR brachytherapy for prostate cancer, between 1998 and 2002 at Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, was retrospectively studied. Eighteen patients who received external beam irradiation were excluded, together with another 18 high-risk patients, 61 with less than 2 years minimal followup, and 12 with incomplete record data. So, 220 patients were the basis of this study. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty one (55%) were low-risk patients and 99 (45%) were intermediate-risk. Median follow-up was 53.5 months (24-116); 74 (33.6%) patients received neoadjuvant hormone therapy during a median period of 90 days, and 66 (30%) presented bounce. Mean time till bounce was 15 months, with mean nadir of 0,30ng/mL. The 5-year BFFS was 83% using ASTRO criteria, and 88.3% using Phoenix (p > 0,05). Low and intermediate-risk patients presented, respectively, 86.7% and 78.4% 5-year BFFS using ASTRO definition (p = 0,069), and 88.5% and 77.9%, considering Phoenix criteria (p = 0,016). In multivariate analysis, initial PSA < 10 ng/mL, and percentage of positive prostate biopsies < 50% were favorable prognostic factors, regarding biochemical relapse using ASTRO criteria (p < 0,05), while initial PSA < 10 ng/mL, Gleason score < 7, percentage of positive prostate biopsies < 50%, and low-risk group were detected as independent favorable prognostic factors using Phoenix definition (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONS: The 5-year estimates of BFFS using both criteria, for low and intermediate-risk patients, were similar to previous published data, with no significant difference between them. Initial PSA, Gleason score, percentage of positive prostate biopsies, and risk group were independent prognostic factors for biochemical relapse.