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1
Kim, Bo-Sun. "Neorealism and issue structuralism." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1033642.
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This study presented a comprehensive review of Kenneth Waltz's structural realism of international politics. Waltz pursues parsimonious theory by adopting elegant definitions of structure. His neorealistic approach is an impressive intellectual achievement. It is an elegant, simple, deductively rigorous instrument geared for scientific contribution. Yet this pure structural realism provides an insufficient basis for explaining international relations. Neorealism is one presentation of reality among many. It does not pretend to reflect all realities. Thus, I suggest that we adopt the complex interdependence concept as a thought experiment regarding that which international politics might look like if the basic assumptions of realism were revised and how we overcome inefficient and over-consumptuous control of great powers that defend the status-quo via the excuse for international stability.Department of Political Science
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Palmer, Maxim Geoffrey. "Neorealism and Iran's Security Environment." Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Center for Research on Europe, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4258.
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Introduction:
This paper will analyse Iran’s security situation through the theory of Neorealism as espoused by Kenneth Waltz. In the following study we will apply this theory to the modern international context of the nation state of Iran. We will see what Neorealism tells us about the case study, and what the case study tells us about Neorealism.
In this study we will operate on, and further investigate/test, the following structural realist presumptions relevance to the case at hand (Iran's international politial environment):
A state of anarchy in the international system.
That the principle of rational action in this state system is 'self help'.
That the most important way in which states must help themselves is the provision of security.
Methodology: How will we apply this Theory?
We will begin by attempting to explore an Iranian perspective on the international system, through the study of Iranian history in the international system. We will also explore the modern context in which Iran (presumably) implements this perspective, by breaking down Iran’s modern relations with actors of particular security significance. In doing so, we are attempting to measure the extent to which Iran's experience of the international system resembles the attributes of the system outlined in Waltzian Neorealism, and to investigate how and to what extent this generates insight into understanding the modern dimensions of the Iranian security situation in its international context.
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Charalampopoulos, Dimitrios. "On neorealism and its progress." Thesis, University of Reading, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658882.
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This thesis investigates the philosophical presuppositions of Kenneth N. Waltz's Theory of International Politics focusing, primarily, on its epistemology and ontology. It offers a taxonomy of epistemological and ontological theories that is useful for providing an enhanced understanding of Waltz's theory but also for revealing some of its problematic features. These include the incompatibility between Waltz's ontology and his deductive approach and a number of occasions on which Waltz requires from the theories of others the fulfilment of a number of criteria that his own intellectual system does not meet. The argument is in part informed by a comparison (encouraged by Waltz himself) between International Relations and Physics. The thesis thus supplies an assessment of the 'internal' coherence of the theory and its 'external' applicability. It also addresses the issue of the extent to which the tradition that Waltz founded can be expected to lead to a promising intellectual path. In doing so, it discusses the question of what, if anything, 'progress' might consist in. This thesis does not aim at creating a new approach for appraising theories of International Relations. Its purpose is to clarify the nature of Waltz's philosophical commitments, and their appropriateness to the tasks he set himself, by making use of already existing philosophical standpoints. Its contribution lies more in examining Waltz's theory - and potentially other theories of International Relations - from an angle that, while available, has not been, so far, extensively used. The approach adopted may facilitate the appreciation of the benefits of drawing a useful distinction: that which separates those problems that are philosophical and have to be acknowledged as such from those that can more effectively be addressed by the discipline of International Relations.
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JAFARYAN, Faezeh. "Italian Neorealism and Iranian Cinema: A Deleuzian Reading." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2403414.
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L’influenza del neorealismo italiano sui film realizzati dopo la sua stagione e sui movimenti cinematografici sorti sia in Italia sia all’estero è stata oggetto di analisi per molti studiosi. Anche il cinema iraniano, in particolare l’opera di Abbas Kiarostami, è stata indagata alla luce dell’esperienza neorealista. Tuttavia, la quasi totalità di queste ricerche e di questi studi si è concentrata principalmente sul contenuto sociale e su alcune caratteristiche stilistiche ed estetiche proprie del neorealismo. Ci riferiamo a caratteristiche come “l’uso di ambienti reali, di attori non professionisti, di campi lunghi, di trame poco complesse… ” che sono state ripetutamente indicate da studiosi e storici del cinema come identificative del neorealismo. Ci sono, però, alcuni intellettuali che hanno cercato di andare oltre le definizioni convenzionali date a questo movimento e di prestare attenzione alle sue implicazioni filosofiche. In tal senso, Gilles Deleuze, che ha dedicato un intero capitolo del suo L’immagine-movimento. Cinema 1 (1984) al neorealismo e che ha citato, all’interno di entrambi i suoi due volumi di argomento cinematografico, molti film italiani per esemplificare le sue teorizzazioni, è uno dei filosofi più importanti. Secondo Deleuze il neorealismo italiano rappresenta un punto di svolta nella storia del cinema, un momento in cui viene alla luce un nuovo tipo d’immagine, un’immagine ottica che offre una diretta rappresentazione del tempo. In questa dissertazione abbiamo cercato di stabilire un confronto tra la new wave iraniana e il neorealismo sulla base dei concetti e delle definizioni che Gilles Deleuze attribuisce a quest’ultimo e abbiamo cercato di esplorare i diversi tipi di immagine-tempo e di immagine-pensiero in alcuni film italiani e iraniani.The influences of Italian neorealism on subsequent films and cinematic movements either in Italy or abroad have been studied by a great deal of scholars. Iranian cinema particularly Abbas Kiarostami’s films, also, have been investigated from the viewpoint of neorealism. The common ground of all these researches and studies, however, is the social content and some aesthetic and stylistic features of neorealism; the features such as ‘real locations, non-professional actors, long shots, simple plots, etc.’ which have been repeated by critics and historians of cinema as the defining features of neorealism. There are some thinkers, though, who tried to go beyond conventional definitions of this movement and pay heed to its philosophical dimensions. Gilles Deleuze is one of the most important philosophers, in this sense, who dedicated a chapter of his Cinema 1 (1986) to Italian neorealism and cited many Italian films as examples of his theories throughout his two-volume cinematic books. According to him, Italian neorealism is a turning point in history of cinema, where a new cinematic image came to exist for the first time, a pure optical image which gives a direct presentation of time. In this study, we tried to make a comparison between neorealism and Iranian new-wave in terms of concepts and definitions Deleuze ascribed to neorealism and we tried to explore different kinds of time-image and thoughtimage in some Italian and Iranian films.
5
Ewan, Pauline. "Neorealism, neoliberalism and military aerospace collaboration in western Europe." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289885.
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Chan, Yan-chuen, and 陳仁川. "Neorealism and the Chinese ideology in Yamada Yoji's family films." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/210180.
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Besides Tora-san series and samurai trilogy, veteran Japanese filmmaker Yamada Yoji also endeavors in making family films, however, his ‘home drama’1 genre has long been neglected in academia. To fill this gap, the aims of this research are to investigate firstly the aesthetics of his social realistic films; secondly, what are the family values revealed in his family films and thirdly, how ‘woman’ is portrayed in his ‘home drama’.
Working under the ‘director system’ of Shochiku Studio, this research argues that auteur theory which advocates director as the author of a film is applicable to Yamada and is thus employed to examine family films that are produced between 1970 and 2013. Background information of the auteur (author) and his films are reviewed in Part I of this thesis while Part II will focus on the discussion and analysis of the film aesthetics and motifs of Yamada Yoji’s family films.
Similar to other cultural artefacts, film aesthetics cannot stand apart from the surrounding culture. Italian neorealism which flourished at the time when Yamada entered the film industry will be used to examine Yamada’s stylistic orientation. It is found that except collaborating with professional actors, Yamada’s films display most of the characteristics of Italian neorealism. In the pursuit of aesthetic realism, the “repeated team” (also known as ‘director’s team’) of Yamada at Shochiku Studio helped him to actualize his film aesthetics. With its adoption of ‘director system’ and ‘star system’, Shochiku is also known for producing shomingeki (film of ordinary people), so besides the possible influences from Italian neorealism, Shochiku Studio may have also cast influences to the artistic style of Yamada Yoji.
Through intertextual reading of his social realistic films, the kind of social problem always lies in the dilemma between tradition and progression. Viewing ‘family’ as the fundamental unit of a society, Yamada presents to us the importance of preserving traditional virtues and family values in the continuation of a family so as to the sustainability of a society. This research reaffirms the influence of Chinese ideology on the construction of Japanese family system that the family relationships and the core family values found in films can well be explained by Chinese Confucianism.
Under the patriarchal social context, it is interesting to discover the portrayal of ‘strong woman and weak man’ image in his family films. While the oppression of women is depicted in the process of modernization, the image of ‘strong woman’ is presented through the inscription of femininity in Yamada’s cinematic film texts. Rejecting the binary opposition of sexes, women in Yamada’s films is portrayed to encompass the qualities of masculinity and femininity under the ecriture feminine writing of Yamada. This feminine approach can be regarded as a way out, as proposed by the auteur, to tackle social challenges.
Through an in-depth examination of Yamada Yoji’s family films, this research demonstrates that is a good way to learn more about a culture or a society through social realistic cinema.published_or_final_version
Japanese Studies
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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DiSalvo, Mary Lorraine. "Redirecting Neorealism: Italian Auteur-Actress Collaborations of the 1950s and 1960s." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11518.
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The aftermath of Italy's cinematic movement neorealism left several directors searching for a new cinematic practice and a new directorial identity. Many of the most artistically intrepid directors of the era turned to women as a means of professional and personal reinvention. This study analyzes the collaborations of Vittorio De Sica, Roberto Rossellini, Federico Fellini, and Michelangelo Antonioni with the actresses Sophia Loren, Ingrid Bergman, Giulietta Masina, and Monica Vitti, respectively.Romance Languages and Literatures
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Piturro, Vincent. "The audience and the film: A reader-response analysis of Italian Neorealism." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3303881.
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Lott, Anthony David. "Neorealism and Environmental Cooperation: Towards a Structural Explanation of International Environmental Matters." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5279.
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The realist tradition in world politics has long been heralded by statesmen and scholars alike as offering an authentic account of the relations between states. Realists consider self-interest, anarchy, and power politics to guide the behavior of states in the international system. The perception that cooperation and amity are now the norm in the international system has raised the possibility of a theoretical shift of focus in the study of international politics. At present, scholars within the discipline of international politics are debating the relevance of realist thought. In particular, neorealism, or the structural variation of traditional realism, is under attack for not providing a rationale for international cooperation. This project undertakes to expand neorealism's ability to explain state behavior in the area of environmental cooperation. Employing the notion of anarchy as a self-help system, it shall be demonstrated that international environmental agreements appear to be influenced by the distribution of power in the international system. Anarchy mandates the need for state actors to cooperate on certain environmental issues, while that same system dissuades cooperation on a number of other important environmental matters. This thesis critiques the theoretical principles in neorealism and makes moderate changes to them. In keeping with neorealist thought, power, the interests of important states, and the position of the hegemon are considered important factors in understanding environmental cooperation. This project also studies three global environmental issues that provide insight into the rewards and limitations of using neorealism to explain cooperation.
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Ulfenstedt, Felix. "Donald Trumps utrikespolitiska hemvist : En kvalitativ textanalys av presidentens utrikespolitiska ideologi." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-90970.
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Since Donald Trump got elected as president of the United States in november 2016 there has been uncertainties concerning which foreign policy Trump intends to implement. Trump has been accused of being a populist and has himself been clear with his patriotic and nationalistic interests. The study has focused on the classical IR theory, realism and the trade policy theory protectionism. The analysis is based upon two speeches held by Trump in which he makes foreign policy statements. The first of the two speeches was held to the UN and the second upon the situation in the northern Syria. The two speeches got analyzed using ideal types based on offensive realism, defensive realism and protectionism. In summary president Donald Trump shows tendencies of implementing offensive neorealism to his foreign policy, he is also using protectionism to control Americas trade policy.
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Muri-Rosenthal, Adam. "Residual Visions: Rubbish, Refuse and Marginalia in Italian Cinema from Neorealism to the Present." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11238.
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While the themes of garbage and refuse pervade many of the most important works of Italian cinema from the era of Neorealism to the present, thus far no scholarly attempts have been made to examine the commonalities germane to their portrayal and their relationship to larger questions of Italian cultural trends. The present study explores how filmmakers' depiction of the residual is synecdochic of an artistic vision that endeavors to capture reality at its most unprepared and, subsequently, comes to represent the increasing complexity of the mimetic undertaking in an Italian society thrust rapidly into the late stages of capitalism.Romance Languages and Literatures
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Norris, David A. "Neorealism and the European Union Balance of Power in the Post-Cold War Era." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1015857663.
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Stefanovska, Ana. "Lo spazio narrativo del neorealismo italiano." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421858.
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This thesis tackles the problem of Italian Neorealism by taking into consideration three spatial aspects of its settings: referentiality, liminality and interior spaciousness. The first part focuses on one of the most challenging questions in today’s literary and geography studies, the interrelation between real and fictional spaces, or between the geographical referents and the ways artists use them in their worlds of fiction. Drawing upon Bertrand Westphal’s geocritique, this part of the analysis is especially useful for the reflection upon the realism of the novels. Focusing on the most common stereotypes of neorealist spatiality, the traditional dichotomy of North–South and city-countryside, the second part aims to point out that, at specific historical moments, the idea of a well distinguished “limit” that separates certain places from others becomes blurred and introduces liminal landscapes as main settings. The third part addresses the function of the projected settings in the Neorealist novels and examines the spaces that characters dream about, long for or remember. Their relationship with the physical world can vary on the referentiality scale, from places imported directly from the “geospace” to “elsewheres” impossible to locate. Since they are usually not anchored in the referential frame of the realist zone of action, the cognitive wanderings of the characters prove to be effective in questioning the limits of Neorealism and its relationship with other contemporary artistic movements.
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Molin, Johannes. "Den uteblivna interventionen i Syrien : En motivanalys av FN:s säkerhetsråd." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-56906.
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Kent, Samuel. "On Revolution and Realism: A Structural Realist Theory of Revolution." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2993.
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Thesis advisor: Paul ChristensenRevolutions have been a neglected subject in Structural Realism. Nevertheless, they have profound impacts in the International System, ranging from immediate state-unit behavior deviation to long-term altering of the balance of power. Revolutions can be explained within the Structural Realist paradigm as a structural contradiction between state and society that depresses state capabilities, allowing it to succumb to intra-territorial competition. Accordingly, revolution can be considered a mechanism for reconstituting state-unit power
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science Honors Program
Discipline: Political Science
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Ogilvie-White, Tanya. "Theorising nuclear weapons proliferation : understanding the nuclear policies of India, South Africa, North Korea, and Ukraine." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266524.
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Mason, Robert Wallace Jr. "The Effect of Regional Security Environments on State Attitudes Regarding the Use of Force and International Law: A Quantitative Analysis Utilizing International Positions on Operation Iraqi Freedom." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32799.
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The US-led war to oust the regime of Saddam Hussein elicited a wide range of responses among liberal states, from active diplomatic opposition in the prelude to war to actual combat support once hostilities commenced. These divergent responses, in part, reflected different perceptions of the legitimacy of force and international law. Furthermore, I contend that these perceptions are rooted in the unique regional security environment in which each state is situated, with states located in relatively insecure regional environments being more favorably disposed to view US military preponderance and use of force as a legitimate public good. Consequently, I hypothesize that the more insecure a stateâ s regional security environment, the more likely it was to support, either diplomatically or militarily, the â major combatâ phase of Operation Iraqi Freedom. To this end, I develop a measure of regional security based on concepts of power and polarity adapted from John Mearsheimerâ s The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. I then test this measure using a logistic regression analysis for 85 states located in 10 regions. The results indicate support for the hypothesis, but also illuminate the need for more research on the implications of power distributions within regional settings for international conflict in the post-Cold War era.Master of Arts
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Hudgins, Charles G. "Royce and Perry on Idealism and Realism." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45321.
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This thesis is primarily an attempt to reconstruct the debate between Josiah Royce and Ralph Barton Perry concerning the viability of both the realist and idealist positions. Secondarily, I will show that this debate is a crucial part of an adequate understanding of the changes that took place in American philosophy in the early part of twentieth century. Royce's arguments against the neorealist position of Perry (and others) centered on both the nature of error, and the nature of independence. Perry' response to these arguments was an elaborate effort to demonstrate a coherent and consistent neorealist system which avoided the problems that Royce claimed must beset any such system. I will not attempt to assign the label of "winner" to either participant, however, I will show that the degree of incommensurability involved in the debate played an important role in the shift in American philosophy at the time.Master of Arts
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Aaron, Alex F. "The Good Killing." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1719.
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This paper will provide a far-ranging analysis of the relevant aspects of the filmmaking process as it pertains to the development and production of the thesis project, The Good Killing. This analysis will include both a detailed, biographic overview of the making of the film, as well as an in-depth critique of the creative decision-making and practical methodology that guided the production. In this regard, special attention will be first be given to how the project was initially conceived, and, broadly speaking, what was originally intended. Secondly, proceeding sections will examine key elements of the filmmaker’s technical planning, performance, and working philosophy, specifically citing directing style, cinematography, sound and editing. Through this evaluative process, the film will be judged from the standpoint of both concept and execution in order to determine overall success.
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Cullifer, Julie Diana. "The Sovereign State as Political Community: A Revisiting of the Post-Structuralist Critique of the Neorealist State." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31202.
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The continued commitment to and assertion of the primacy of the sovereign state within international relations theory has resulted in a discourse which theorizes and examines only those issues and conflicts of international politics which can be made to fit neatly within the prism of the neorealist discourse. As such, there exists a void in the examination of such issues as the nature and possibilities of alternative forms of political community, or into the political and economic effects these alternative forms of political community (such as social, economic, religious and environmental) pose to the traditional state and the envisioning of a global society. The aim of this thesis is two-fold: first, to renew interest and inquiry into the discursive limitations of the neorealist discourse of difference and negation; and secondly, to call attention to how the practical and discursive constraints of the neorealist conception of the state as political community effects the ability of international relations theory to address current conflicts and issues on the international stage. The intent of this analysis is to spark a renewed interest in exploring not only the emergence of new forms of political community but the possibility of being able to speak about these new forms within a discourse of international relations. Only through a commitment to the critical examination of its discourse can international relations theory uncover new ways to re-envision such concepts as political community and international politics.Master of Arts
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Bostany, Abed. "Rysslands agerande i Syrienkonflikten : En studie utifrån det neorealistiska perspektivet." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Statsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-30435.
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After about 40 years of dictatorship of the Assad family the people of Syria were fed up and at the time of the Arab Spring 2011 a revolution in Syria started, which later on turned into a civil war which has been going on for seven years. This has led to the civilian population suffering from both the regime and the oppositional side. The UN has repeatedly submitted resolutions but none have gone through when Russia and China have used their veto rights. They point out that other countries should not get involved with Syria's internal affairs without the consent of Syria. The question that arises is why Russia prevents the UN from actin in Syria despite the humanitarian disaster that occurs in the country. By analyzing Syria based on the realism theory I will be able to map out the underlying reasons for why the UN are being prevented from acting. The method I will use is intentional analysis to reveal the hidden intentions and motives Russia has in Syria. The results of this study are that the action by the Russian side clearly shows that Russia has strategic motives in Syria to preserve its interests and to strengthen its structural position in the international politics. Russia's economic and geopolitical interests in Syria mean that they act according to their interests, thus preventing the UN from acting, as a possible regime change would represent an economical and geopolitical backlash for Russia. This means that realism explains the case best because it stresses that states act according to their own interests and that international organizations are meaningless.
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Buckle, Luke. "Contemporary Neorealist principles in Abbas Kiarostami's filmmaking (1997-2005)." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/9036.
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Iranian film has in recent decades comprised an increasingly important and influential cinema. The Iranian Islamic Revolution of 1979 paved the way for freedom of artistic and literary expression, communicating a new generation of unheard voices in Iranian society. More specifically Iranian cinema has progressed in maintaining an identity that reflects both a contemporary nation and auteuristic cinematics. Abbas Kiarostami is one of the more recent and leading film directors rewarded with critical and filmmaking acclaim out of Iran, producing contemporary snapshots of society and culture. His filmmaking methods and ideals are very much reflective of the style of post Second World War Italian Neorealism. In context and filmmaking principles Kiarostami adapts the conventions of Neorealism in exploring contemporary Iranian socio-cultural problems in a similar manner. This project aims to explore the relationship between the style and context of his filmmaking in terms of mise-en-scène, themes and socio-cultural concerns. It shows how Kiarostami creates a distinctive form of Neorealist filmmaking to get at the ‘truths’ of contemporary Iranian life in a particular way. In doing so an emergent strand of a modern-Neorealism becomes apparent.
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Harrison, Ewan. "Reflexivity in the international system : international institutions and state strategies." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/fc92a05c-3032-4800-964e-47495abfe36a.
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Harris, Kathryn Elizabeth. "Asymmetric Strategies and Asymmetric Threats: A Structural-realist Critique of Drone Strikes in Pakistan, 2004-2014." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64516.
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As a component of the overall policy to defeat global terrorism and prevent attacks against the U.S., the Bush and Obama administrations have turned to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or drones. From 2004 to 2014, Pakistan has seen the largest volume of U.S. drone strikes targeting radical groups such as al Qaeda and the Taliban, a trend that is likely to continue for the foreseeable future. On the surface, using drones to eliminate terrorists while avoiding an official armed conflict aligns with the theory of neo- or structural realism developed by Kenneth Waltz. And yet although 9/11 served as the impetus for the U.S. to refocus attention on ameliorating the threat of terrorism and to initiate far-reaching measures to protect homeland security, there remains intense debate over whether or not the U.S. is actually more secure than it was prior to 9/11. While structural realism is still relevant to the current international system, the effects of drone strikes in Pakistan may set the U.S. on a path toward increasingly destabilizing situations that could lead to heightened insecurity and ultimately a change in power in the international system. The existing literature suggests that drone strikes in Pakistan are (1) leading to revenge-driven counter attacks, (2) intensifying radical anti-Americanism and creating more potential terrorists, (3) damaging the U.S. relationship with nuclear-armed Pakistan, (4) destabilizing the regions where drone attacks are launched, and (5) undermining American 'soft power.' The culmination of these five trends has the potential to disrupt the current balance of power in a way that is not in America's national interest. The unique security dilemma presented by the asymmetrical threat of terrorism and the asymmetrical response of drone strikes necessitates the continued evolution of neorealism as an IR theory.Master of Arts
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Rösch, David J. [Verfasser], and Sebastian [Akademischer Betreuer] Harnisch. "The Kids Are Alright: Neorealism and U.S. NATO Policy after the Cold War / David J. Rösch ; Betreuer: Sebastian Harnisch." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1178009432/34.
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Arlati, Marina. "Neorealism, neoinstitutionalism and the international response to the Gulf crisis : an evaluation of the current debate in international relations theory." Thesis, University of Essex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243361.
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Norling, Kristina. "EU:s frihandelavtalsförhandlingar med Mercosur : Implicita orsaker bakom avbrutna och återupptagna förhandlingar." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-17148.
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This essay is about the European union freetrade treaty negations with Mercosur. I have in this essay used a qualitative content analysis, to study from the EU perspective the reasons to why, the EU and Mercosur suspended the free trade treaty negations 2004, and after several years resumed the negotiations again in 2010. The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding from the EU perspective of why free trade negotiations were suspended and then resumed. In order to achieve a deeper understanding of this event, I have applied neorealism and neoliberalism on the explicit statements and the implied actions, as these theories may provide different explanatory power of implied causes of negotiations. I have come to the conclusion that the theoretical perspectives can indeed explain explicit statements and implicit actions for suspended and resumed negotiations with Mercosur. The implicit reasons for suspended negotiations are among others that the EU has an egoist thinking concerning a free trade treaty. The EU wish to gain more benefits then Mecosur with a free trade treaty, which lead to Mercosur wanted to suspend the negotiations. Another implicit reason is that the EU was thinking entirely on how much that were going to gain in relation mercosur, because of this kind of thinking, the EU probably realized that they were going to loose on a treaty. The implicit reasons for resumed negotiations are among others are that the EU genuinely wants to collaborate with Mercosur as much as they can with the purpose to gain together as much as possible. Other implicit reason is mutual dependence, which means that the EU needs Mercosur and vice versa to strengthen the global economy, and to give job opportunities and growth on both sides. Another implicit reason to resume the negotiations again is that the EU has grown stronger as an economic block, because of this, the EU has greater advantage of their demands with Mercosur. Further more, this essay surely point out that the EU has a lot of difficulties to come up with an agreement with Mercosur. But hopefully the EU can in the nearest future reach a free trade treaty with Mercosur.
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Robison, Sarah. "Picturing Reality in Postwar Italy: The Photography of Mario Giacomelli in Relationship to Italian Neorealist Cinema 1945-1970." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18395.
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Critical interpretations of the work of Mario Giacomelli often disagree as to whether he should be classified within the style of Italian neorealism. This thesis argues that Giacomelli's photography strikes a balance between realism and abstraction that is best explained as neorealist.
Neorealist films such as Rome, Open City (1945) and Bicycle Thieves (1948) sought to capture the social realities of postwar Italy. The realism in these films is complicated however, subjecting postwar social actuality to the artistic initiative of the director.
I seek to identify the filmic qualities in Giacomelli's work to clarify a connection to neorealism. Though Giacomelli physically manipulated his images, these manipulations give his images the appearance of a film. To reveal Giacomelli's connection to neorealism, I will investigate the cinematic qualities of mise-en-scene, montage and narrative. This thesis will argue that Giacomelli's photography stems from a cinematic approach that was first developed in neorealism.
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Johansson, Oskar. "Neorealism and revolutionary strategy? : Exploring the power political strategies of revolutionary movements, through a textual analysis of the Management of Savagery." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-34354.
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A close study of neorealist theory, indicates that revolutionary movements can produce some effects, that can have severe power political repercussions. Yet there is very little written in the neorealist corpus, about revolutions and revolutionary movements. The aim of this research was to investigate if these effects could contribute to our explanation, of the power political strategies employed by revolutionary movements. In order to fulfill the aim, a theory consuming case study was conducted. The method employed was a qualitative textual analysis, of a strategic text from Al-Qaeda. The result of the study showed that anticipated power political effects of a social revolution, were discounted for in the strategy. And the expected effects of a conflict between a revolutionary movement and a stable State, did appear in strategy. However the strategists calculations about revolutionary contagnation and the vulnerabilities of fragile States, did not match the theoretical expectations. Perceived foreign domination and perceived fragile State structures, effected the calculations in an unexpected way. Thus the results indicate that the employed analytic framework need further refinement.
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Sehlstedt, Zarah. "För Vems Vinning? : En kvalitativ motivanalys av ENPs handlingsplan mellan EU & Marocko." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37893.
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EU is today one of the largest aid donors in the world and the debate regarding their intentions is well nuanced. This study’s main focus lies in examining the motives within the action plan between the EU and Morocco, and was conducted with the intention to contribute to the debate of EU’s external actions. By using key-terms from neoliberalism and neoliberalism and applying it on the actions by using a motive-analysis, they can be defined and tied to one of the theories state, as well as represent the generalized idea of the theories external action. The results of the study shows that EU, in cooperation with Morocco, though the ENP acts with the means of absolute gain.
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Melchiorre, Tiziana. "Regional cooperation organizations in a multipolar world. Comparing the Baltic and the Black Sea regions." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-102719.
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This dissertation analyses the phenomenon of regionalism around the Baltic and the Black Sea since the end of the Cold War with a comparative approach and by applying an extended neorealist theory that includes geopolitics and historical legacy. The main focus is regional organizations, the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) and the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), which defines the geographical and political borders of the Baltic and the Black Sea region. These regional organizations are treated as international regimes. The three main varibales taken into consideration in this study are the distribution of power among the big states, the geographical location and the historical legacy that directly and indirectly affect the relations among the states in each region. These variables are consistently applied to the following four sector analysed in this study: hard security, energy, economic development, and environment. While the last three sectors are areas of cooperation within the CBSS and the BSEC, hard security is not. Its inclusion in this study is because of the fact that it strongly affects the power relations among the states in the two regions and that it is strictly linked to the other three sectors. Although the CBSS and the BSEC have established ad hoc Working Groups with the aim to make cooperation working effectively, regional states cooperate to the extent that it brings relative gains according to the neorealist theory. The analysis shows that the two regimes created around the Balti and the Black Sea are ineffective despite the fact that the CBSS has managed to create stronger cooperative links among its members compared to the BSEC.
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PINCHUK, NATALIA. "TESTING NEOREALIST THEORIES IN CASE OF GERMANY¿S EEC ENLARGEMENT POLICY, 1961-1979." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/174257.
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Neorealism as a theory of international relations is criticized for its failure to predict a state foreign policy behavior. We argue, by contrast, that neorealism can be used as a theory of foreign policy at the structural level of analysis. Particularly, this study evaluates two neorealist theories – defensive realism and offensive realism, against historical records using a congruence analysis approach. To uncover the neorealist theories' explanatory power, ex ante predictions are generated regarding the policy of the Federal Republic of Germany towards the European Economic Community's (EEC) Northern enlargement and the Mediterranean enlargements in the 1960's and the 1970's. The defensive realism's and offensive realism's predictions then are tested against the empirical evidence. The newly declassified archival documents have shown that neorealist theories capture much of the variation in Germany's EEC enlargement policy. It demonstrated that variation in the German foreign policy took place after a clearly defined shift in distribution of power, and consequently, in a realm of security had occurred. The research thus doubts negative criticism about neorealism as a tool for understanding state foreign behavior by initiating inquiry into the direct interaction between the distribution of power in the international system and state's security needs. It also advances the literature on neorealist theories by shifting their application away from war to cooperation. Furthermore, after this study it is now possible to conclude on which of the neorealist theories has the most potential regarding application to foreign policy analysis. From the test results we recommend defensive realism as a theory which has grater potential of explanatory power.
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Lombard, Alex. "Second-Strike Nuclear Forces and Neorealist Theory: Unit-Level Challenge or Balance-of-Power Politics as Usual?" Thesis, Department of Government and International Relations, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2158.
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ABSTRACT: What are the implications of second-strike nuclear forces for neorealism? The end of the Cold War yielded a unipolar structure of international politics defined by the military, economic, and political preponderance of the United States. According to balance-of-power theory, which lies at the heart of neorealism, unipolarity has a short life span as secondary states waste little time in rectifying the global imbalance of power. Thus far, America remains unbalanced. Are we to take this as a refutation of balance-of-power theory? My thesis argues that second-strike arsenals render void the need to balance superior American military power. But because state survival is contingent not only upon military invulnerability (for which nuclear weapons are a sure guarantee), but also upon economic invulnerability (for which there is no absolute remedy), nuclear-weapon states are impelled to balance superior economic power for security reasons. By recasting balance-of-power theory in light of these assumptions, one can make sense of the great-power politics of the post-Cold War era.N/A
Department of Government and International Relations
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Correia, Marcio Antonino Lourenço. "Estranhamento, desencontro e solidão: a representação da família na ficção de Carlos de Oliveira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8150/tde-01122009-144606/.
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Este trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa sobre a estrutura celular da família, percebida como uma corrente, em que a fragilidade de um dos elos (desgaste ou rompimento) pode fazer ruir toda a sua poderosa estrutura. Foram objeto de análise as obras Pequenos burgueses, Casa na duna e Uma abelha na chuva, de Carlos de Oliveira. Estudaram-se, separadamente e em conjunto, as relações familiares: pai, mãe, filhos, marido e mulher, e o papel representado por cada um, no seio de uma família tradicional de modelo judaico-cristão, que, no advento da modernidade, vê seus valores contestados, fragilizados e, pouco a pouco, desmoronando. Patriarcalismo e Marialvismo, submissão da mulher, desconstrução do masculino, desejos insatisfeitos, comportamentos sexuais tidos como modelares, são alguns dos aspectos discutidos em Estranhamento, desencontros e solidão: a representação da família na ficção de Carlos de Oliveira. Foi possível detectar, nos romances, a ausência de afetividade entre parceiros, talvez provocada por uniões firmadas em bases de interesses que não levam em consideração o amor, mas a manutenção de um status social no qual o casamento é um movimento inercial que permite a homens e mulheres manterem o patrimônio herdado, ou se torna uma mercadoria em que se troca sangue por dinheiro. Carlos de Oliveira, numa perspectiva temporal, desconstrói e desmistifica a família de modelo tradicional, revelando suas mazelas e os comportamentos hipócritas, tecidos de falso moralismo, percebidos na moral dúbia de seus elementos humanos.This work is a result of a research on the cellular structure of the family, seen as a chain, in which the fragility of one of the links (consuming or breakage) can drop all its powerful structure. The dissertation analyzes Casa na duna, Pequenos burgueses e Uma abelha na chuva, novels by Carlos de Oliveira. We studied, separately and in set, the familiar relations: father, mother, children, husband and wife and the role played by them in the family circle of a traditional Jewish-Christian family, that, in the advent of modernity, sees its values contested and, little by little, pulling down. Patriarchal System and Marialvismo, submission of women, unsatisfied desires, deconstruction of the male, patterned sexual behaviors, are some of the aspects argued in Estranhamento, desencontros e solidão: a representação da família na ficção de Carlos de Oliveira. It was possible to detect, in the novels, the lack of affection between partners, perhaps caused by unions signed on bases of interests that do not take in consideration the love, but the social maintenance of one status in which the marriage is an inertial motion that allows to the men and women to keep the inherited patrimony, or becomes a merchandise in which it exchanges blood for money. Carlos de Oliveira, in a secular perspective, deconstructs and demystifies the family of traditional model, disclosing to its wounds and the hypocritical behaviors, made of false value judgment, perceived in the dubious morality of its human elements.
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Flink, Isak. "The Kremlin and Washington in the Levant : A most similar comparative case study of the actions by the United States and Russia in the Syrian civil war." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-99858.
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Ever since the outbreak of the Syrian civil war two countries have been outspoken about the situation, Russia and the United States. As the conflict has developed these two actors have been active within the conflict both militarily and diplomatically. This outlines the research problem, why these actors have had an interest in Syria. The aim of this research is to find explanations of why the two countries have acted like they have in the conflict. The actions and events are analyzed through several concepts drawn from two international relations theories, namely neoliberalism and neorealism. Some core concepts of the theories are operationalized into several indicators which make up the model used in the analysis. Furthermore, the thesis is considered as being a most similar comparative case study using qualitative methods. The main findings in the analysis shows that many of the actions by both Russia and the United States can be explained through both theories. Neorealism shows of being more suitable when explaining military events and neoliberalism is found to be better at explaining diplomatic or non-military matters.
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Marques, Maria João Pereira. "Ensaios da imaginação com a paisagem: o Alentejo de Antunes da Silva." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15723.
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Para interpretar a imagem que Antunes da Silva constrói do Alentejo durante cinquenta anos de escrita, capta-se primeiramente o retrato evolutivo da região em múltiplos aspectos (social e cultural, político e económico), através de obras que se referem a momentos-chave da vida do autor e de Portugal e se distribuem com equilíbrio pelo período em foco. Assim estuda-se o espaço nos contos de Gaimirra (1945), no romance Suão (1960) e em Jornal I e Jornal II, diários redigidos entre 1984-90. Devido à diversidade textual destes últimos livros, ao empenho político e ao progressivo ensimesmamento autoral, torna-se necessário esclarecer simbologias, o que acontece com o auxílio de toda a sua poesia e de outros trabalhos posteriores a Abril de 1974. Termina-se com a ligação do escritor à tradição e aos seus contemporâneos; ABSTRACT: To interpret the Antunes da Silva's crafted image of Alentejo in his fifty years of writing, one primarily captures the region’s evolving portrait in several aspects (social and cultural, political and economic) through works that relate to key moments in the author's life and to Portugal which are evenly distributed throughout the focused period. So we study space in the Gaimirra (1945) tales, in the novel Suão (1960) and in Jornal I and Jornal II, diaries which were written between 1984 and 1990. Due to the textual diversity of recent books, to political commitment and to progressive authorship abstraction, it becomes essential to clarify symbologies, which happens with the help of his entire poetry and other works after April 1974. The essay ends by linking the writer to tradition and his contemporaries.
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Vainalavičius, Donatas. "Diplomatijos vaidmuo ir saugumo politikos sprendimai Pietų Kaukazo regione." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090728_093114-75941.
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Disertacijoje nagrinėjamas diplomatijos vaidmuo Pietų Kaukazo valstybių saugumo politikoje, pasitelkiant geopolitinių kodų metodą ir regioninio saugumo komplekso teoriją. Sudėtinis teorinis analizės modelis yra grindžiamas neorealistine tarptautinių santykių samprata, o diplomatijos analizėje naudojama racionalistinė tarptautinių santykių paradigma. Tyrimas apima laikotarpį nuo Pietų Kaukazo valstybių nepriklausomybės atgavimo devintojo dešimtmečio pradžioje iki 2008 m. vėlyvo pavasario. Pietų Kaukazo valstybių geopolitinių kodų studija yra pirmasis tokio pobūdžio bandymas identifikuoti Armėnijos, Azerbaidžano ir Gruzijos geopolitinius savitumus ir individualios bei regioninės geostrateginės raidos galimybes. Tyrimas pateikia naują požiūrį į Pietų Kaukazo regioninio saugumo komplekso egzistavimą, taip revizuodamas ankstesnius tyrimus. Disertacijoje atskleista Pietų Kaukazo valstybių diplomatijų, apibrėžtų geopolitinių kodų ir identifikuoto regioninis saugumo komplekso tarpusavio priklausomybė. Taip pat išanalizuota šiuolaikinė tarptautinė sistema ir, didelę įtaką Pietų Kaukazui turintys, transatlantinių santykių principai. Išvadose, tarp kitų įžvalgų, pažymima, kad pagrindinė diplomatijos reikšmė yra komunikacijos tarp regiono politinių lyderių palaikymas ir trinties mažinimas, taip sulaikant valstybes nuo įšaldytų konfliktų sprendimo jėga.The dissertation, based on the method of geopolitical sketches and the theory of regional security complex, provides with assessment of the role of diplomacy in security policy of the South Caucasus states. Neorealist approach to international relations, fallowed by rationalist paradigm used for analysis of diplomacy, determines the background of theoretical model of analysis. The research is based on the timeframe from early independence of regional states in the last decade of the twentieth century till late spring of 2008. The study of South Caucasus geopolitical sketches is the first attempt, of such kind, to identify geopolitical peculiarities and options for development of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. The study provides with new approach to the existence of the regional security complex in the South Caucasus and consequently reassesses the studies conducted earlier. Dissertation discovers the interdependence among diplomacies of the South Caucasus states, defined geopolitical sketches and identified regional security complex. Contemporary international system and principles of transatlantic relations, bearing considerable impact on the South Caucasus, were analyzed as well. Among other insights listed in conclusions, it was envisaged that the main tangible role of diplomacy is to maintain communication of political leaders and minimize frictions between states preventing settling of frozen conflicts by coercive measures.
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Carnicé, Mur Marga. "La Política de l'actriu en l'obra d'Anna Magnani." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401858.
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Tradicionalment considerat com un intèrpret d’obres alienes o com un instrument a mans del director, l’actor no ha estat contemplat en la historiografia del cinema ni en els discursos essencials que articulen la teoria fílmica. Aquesta tesi aborda el conjunt d’interpretacions de l’actriu italiana Anna Magnani (1908-1973) des de la següent pregunta: Pot l’obra d’una actriu reflectir un univers estilístic propi? –i si n´és el cas- En quina mesura aquesta pot testimoniar les principals inquietuds i mutacions estètiques del cinema del seu temps? L’estudi es centra en la majoria de les interpretacions que Magnani va realitzar entre les dècades dels 40 i dels 60 del segle XX, i en l’adhesió d’aquestes a les principals corrents històriques del neorealisme italià, la modernitat europea i el post-classicisme nord-americà, així dels seus principals autors. Prenent la perspectiva teòrica dels star studies i l’anàlisi de la performance com a metodologia, la tesi treballa sobre una hipòtesi precisa: la capacitat de l’obra d’Anna Magnani per testimoniar, dialogar i participar de les qüestions essencials que conformen l’estètica cinematogràfica del seu temps sota el segell d’una autoria o d’una política d’actriu.
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Poghossian, Lilit. "Will there ever be peace? an analysis of the international involvement in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict through the theories of neorealism and neoliberalism (Armenia, Azerbaijan) /." Click here for download, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/villanova/fullcit?p1432501.
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Rasulov, John. "Energi som strategisk utrikes- och säkerhetspolitisk resurs : Neorealistisk analys av den ryska energipolitiken mot Ukraina mellan 2004-2014." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-69913.
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Vast amounts of energy resources have equipped Russia with powerful means of influence on energy dependent Ukraine. This essay places Russia’s current energy policy towards Ukraine into a broader theoretical perspective. Drawing on the work of John Mearsheimers theory of Offensive Neorealism and Joseph. Nye’s theory of Hard and Soft Power, the essay explains why and how Russia as regional hegemon use its energy weapon to build regional spheres of influence. How Russia chooses to use its energy resources depends on the level of external pressure. Essays analysis shows that the essays chosen theories goes a long way to explain the overall pattern of Russia’s energy policy toward Ukraine from 2004-2014. The thesis concludes that Russia was in fact using its energy resources as a geostrategic foreign and security policy instrument.
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Abrahamsson, Sophie. "Afrikanska Unionen som säkerhetsaktör- en (o)möjlighet? : en undersökning av Afrikanska Unionens strukturella och institutionella förutsättningar för att agera som säkerhetsaktör." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-5336.
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”African Solutions to African Problems” är en av Afrikanska Unionens nya ledord. Denna vilja om att ta mer ansvar för den afrikanska kontinenten och kunna agera som en säkerhetsaktör har resulterat i en ny säkerhetsdoktrin. För att kunna agera som aktör på den internationella arenan krävs att vissa förutsättningar existerar enligt en modell framtagen av Gunnar Sjöstedt. Dessa strukturella och institutionella förutsättningar kommer i denna studie att undersökas för att analysera huruvida AU kan agera som säkerhetsaktör. För att se hur AU de facto har agerat som säkerhetsaktör kommer organisationens agerande i Somalia år 2007-2010 samt i Libyen år 2011 att undersökas. Den teoretiska anknytning som antas i studien är regimteori vilken fokuserar på att studera och förklara uppkomst och fortlevnad av samarbete inom internationella institutioner. Den empiriska analysen visar att AU saknar vissa strukturella och institutionella förutsättningar som anses nödvändiga för aktörskapaciteten. Den visar även att de målsättningar som har legat till grund för skapandet av dessa institutioner inte har förverkligats samt att regler och principer inte efterlevs.Vidare demonstrerar AU:s agerande i Somalia och Libyen att begreppet ”African Solutions to African Problems” är långt ifrån operationaliserat då AU inte kunnat enas om en respons samt agera samstämmigt i de kriser som undersöks.
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Mendes, Euclides Santos 1980. "Cristais de tempo : o neorrealismo italiano e Fellini." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/284506.
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Orientador: Francisco Elinaldo TeixeiraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T12:54:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mendes_EuclidesSantos_D.pdf: 1403678 bytes, checksum: 99882588c5a417d98f7a94f8e9331831 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: O cineasta italiano Federico Fellini aprendeu o ofício de roteirista nos anos 1940, enquanto colaborava em filmes neorrealistas, e o manteve ao longo da sua vida. Consagrou-se internacionalmente como diretor no início dos anos 1960, ao transformar seu primevo olhar de matriz neorrealista numa reelaboração realístico-subjetiva. Fellini, por meio do neorrealismo, levou a imagem puramente ótica e sonora para além do neorrealismo, moldando-a, segundo o filósofo Gilles Deleuze, como um cristal de tempo
Abstract: The Italian filmmaker Federico Fellini learned the art of screenwriting in the 1940s, while collaborating in neorealistic movies, and mantained it throughout his life. He established himself internationally as a director in the early 1960s, when he transformed his primal neorealist matrix approach into a subjective-realistic reelaboration. Through neorealism Fellini took the pure optical-sound image beyond the neorealism, shaping it as a crystal of time, according to the philosopher Gilles Deleuze
Doutorado
Multimeios
Doutor em Multimeios
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Scholz, Fernando. "Implicações da dissuasão nuclear como capacidade de poder : o caso indiano." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/132900.
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O presente trabalho desenvolve o tema da dissuasão nuclear, partindo de uma discussão teórica sobre alguns conceitos desenvolvidos pela escola neorrealista de Relações Internacionais. Especificamente entra em consideração a obra de Kenneth Waltz e de John Mearsheimer, com vistas à elucidação de termos como poder, polaridade e capacidade nuclear. Num segundo momento, para fazer um contraponto à escola neorrealista, são abordados autores dos Estudos Estratégicos, com destaque para Bernard Brodie, Thomas Schelling, Lawrence Freedman, Colin Gray e Eugenio Diniz. Procura-se retratar, entre outros fatores, a evolução do pensamento estratégico nuclear ao longo da Guerra Fria. O trabalho também é permeado por questões relacionadas com uma elaborada explanação do que vem a ser dissuasão nuclear, aqui entendida como capacidade de poder. Embora grande parte do esforço desse trabalho esteja voltada para questões de cunho teórico, o refinamento da literatura permite, inerentemente, que o debate se estenda para o campo prático/político. Verificar quais são os pré-requisitos para um país ser considerado uma potência nuclear, bem como o significado e as implicações práticas disso tudo, permeiam grande parte da presente pesquisa. Acima de tudo, cabe verificar quem a Índia é capaz de dissuadir com as suas forças estratégicas/nucleares. Após a apresentação de um breve panorama securitário do subcontinente indiano, para que se tenha uma maior e melhor compreensão do que levou a Índia a se nuclearizar, o capítulo final desenvolve o tópico das implicações da dissuasão nuclear como capacidade de poder, aplicado ao caso indiano.This dissertation deals with the topic of nuclear deterrence and takes as its starting point a theoretical discussion of some of the concepts presented by the neorealist school of International Relations. In particular, this paper focuses on the work of Kenneth Waltz and John Mearsheimer, explaining terms like power, polarity and nuclear capacity. Secondly, in order to provide a kind of foil or counterpoint to the neorealist school, this dissertation presents the views of various authors from the field of Strategic Studies, particularly Bernard Brodie, Thomas Schelling, Lawrence Freedman, Colin Gray and Eugenio Diniz. Among other things, the investigation traces the evolution of nuclear strategic theory during the period of the Cold War. The dissertation also deals with issues related to the meaning of nuclear deterrence, seen here as power capability. Although the main focus of this research has to do with theoretical matters, the literature that was taken into consideration also allows one to branch out into the more practical field of politics. Thus, a good deal of the research centers on the prerequisites that have to be met before a nation can be considered a nuclear power and the meaning and practical implications of this. Above all, what needs clarification is whom or which countries India is able to deter with the nuclear or strategic power at its disposal. Therefore, after a brief presentation of the security landscape of the Indian subcontinent, which will allow one to gauge why India decided to go nuclear, the last chapter of this dissertation takes up the implications of nuclear deterrence as power capability, as it applies to India.
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Mazuy, Olivier Georges Pierre. "L'apparition d'une forme de néo-réalisme dans le cinéma français à partir de 1993 = The appearance of a form of neorealism in French cinema from 1993 onwards." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540205.
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Sadiki, Shqipe. "USA:s intervention av Irak : En studie om hur Realismen kan förklara agerandet bakom USA:s intervention av Irak och med vilka medel USA lyckades legitimera en olaglig intervention." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104487.
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As this essay goes we have come to believe that an explanation for the Iraq war cannot be found in either the rhetoric or the claim that it was a legally internationally sanctioned war under international law. This is a theory-testing study where we use a theoretical perspective in political science from the international relations studies; Realism is examined, we want to see if it can better explain why the United States invaded Iraq. The main problem in the essay is to identify the reasons why the Iraqi invasion became a fact. In the C-thesis, we go through the perspectives content in a detailed way and briefly describe its views. We have collected material both about the Iraqi invasion and about the theory we want to test. Based on our pre-understanding of the theories, we interpret the developments in Iraq and try to explain them. We have come to the conclusion that realism is very much relevant to our subject and argues for it well. In realism it is the state that is the main actor and concepts like anarchy, self-help, survival and balance of power can best explain USA:s actions. This essay focuses on the means it took (the bush-doctrine) to legitimize such an act, but the mainspring of this essay is how we can understand the reasoning USA must have had behind the decision to invade Iraq. We believe that a realistic approach is the best way to explain what led the US to invade Iraq and through this perspective we can across chosen concepts from Realism, categorize different events that might have had played a vital role in this matter that are relevant with our theoretic perspective.
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Iyer, Arun. "Regional Integration in South Asia (Based on SAARC)." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191993.
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The aim of the thesis was to show the weakness of SAARC right from its origins as well as a great flaw in the making of the charter which excluded the notion of security as well as "bilateral" and "contentious" issues to be discussed in the organization. South Asia has for long been an area prone to violence and mistrust and the exclusion of elements of vital importance has further added to the weakness of SAARC. In the following work I will portray the dynamics and working of the region of SAARC as well as individual countries on how it affects the region as a whole and also why SAARC continues to be a toothless organization in-spite knowing the origin of the problem and why nothing is being done. Also, with the case study of India and Pakistan, it shows us that when two nations of totally opposite ideologies and bloody beginnings since independence exist within the region, the idea of integration is a far fetched dream.
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Dubravka, Lazić. "Neorealizam u italijanskom filmu i fotografiji - etiologija, interpozicija i specifičnosti dela." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Akademija umetnosti u Novom Sadu, 2013. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=94769&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Tema ovog rada bazira se na neorealističkom pokretu i istraživanju uzročnika koji su doveli do njegovog nastanka, specifičnostima koje on, kao intenzivan umetnički pokret, poseduje i korelaciji između dela koje čine njegovo jezgro. Poseban osvrt načinjen je ka analizi odnosa i interpoziciji fotografske i filmske umetnosti kao vizuelnim, ontološki bliskim, medijima.Istraživanje fenomena italijanskog neorealizma, ukazalo je na ogromni izvor raznovrsnog sadržaja koji se mogu istraživati i analizirati na više različitih principa. Stoga su i ciljevi istraživanja postavljeni prema potrebama pitanja pozicioniranja neorealističkog pokreta u istorijski i umetnički kontekst: ispitivanje uzročnika koji su doveli do stvaranja i egzistiranja neorealističkog pokreta, istorijskih činilaca, izvora i prethodnicama u literaturi, štampanim medijima i filmskoj i fotografskoj umetnosti. Za polaznu tačku istraživanja, termin neorealizam postavljen je u svoj istorijski kontekst da bi se postavila tačka "oslonca" za dalje analize, na koju su se kasnije mogli bazirati svi zaključci izvedeni iz pojedinih oblasti: neorealizam u filmu i fotografiji, internacionalni uticaj na autore neorealizma filma i fotografije, socijalno-istorijski uticaj na tlu Italije u periodu pre, tokom i neposredno nakon trajanja neorealističkog pokreta, kao i analiza filmskih i fotografskih neorealističkih dela.Svaka oblast istraživanja pružila je određene činjenice i saznanja koja su, postavljena u kontekst teme ovog rada, omogućila sagledavanje jedne nove, šire slike o neorealističkom pokretu, zasnovanom ne samo na postulatima uslovljenim i oblikovanim socijalno-fizičkim uslovima, kao primarnim pri nastanku neorealizma, nego uzima u obzir i sve ostale činioce i pozicionira ih u istu ravan sa gore navedenim, proširujući tako opšti pogled na dela nastala u ovom periodu. Sledeći tragove istraživanja koji su ukazivali na nove bitne elemente, stvorila se šira mreža relacija i informacija koja je uputila na dublju povezanost uzročnika neorealizma. Prožimanje istorijskih činjenica, dokazane relacije, poznanstva i saradnje autora, uticaj književnosti, filmske i fotografske umetnosti, vodile su do daljih zaključaka koji su se udaljavali od ustaljene teze o neorealizmu kao pokretu koji je eksplodirao stvaralačkom energijom i kreativnim izrazom, kao posledica terora fašističke diktature tokom Drugog svetskog rata, a potom oslobođenja, i sirovog izraza uslovljenog nemaštinom i oskudicom materijala, koji su diktirali formu i teksturu filmske i fotografske neorealističke forme.Prilikom sumiranja činjenica koje su se izdvajale kao krucijalni delovi analiza, pokazalo se da se mnoge od njih sistematski ponavljaju i potvrđuju svoje prisustvo u ostalim kategorijama, kao i to da svaka od njih ima korene koji se prepliću i time ukazuju i na dublju povezanost u istorijskom kontekstu. Ovakav "bihejviorizam" podataka postepeno je doveo do realizacije zaključka, postavljenog ne samo na osnovu uporedne gramatike ovih podataka i kreiranja lingvistike filmskog i fotografskog neorealizma nego i na uporednoj analizi najkarakterističnijih dela filmskog i fotografskog neorealizma.Ukratko, rezultati sumirani u formi zaključka, donose nov osvrt na umetnost neorealizma, pozicioniran na uporednoj analizi gore pomenutih činilaca i utemeljenog na faktivnim tvrdnjama i zaključcima, kao i na subjektivnom doživljaju i analizi dela. Neorealizam se, nakon ovakve analize, pojavio u svetlu umetničkog pokreta koji je svoje korene imao u periodu koji mu je neposredno prethodio, ali i u socijalno-istorijskim uticajima na tlu Italije, umetnostima filma, fotografije i književnosti, štampanim i vizuelnim medijima u tridesetim i četrdesetim godinama dvadesetog veka, kao i specifičnom italijanskom nacionalnom duhu koji je neorealizmom odgovorio na specifične teške uslove u državi u ratnom i posleratnom periodu. Pored toga, dokazana je veza između fotografske i filmske umetnosti, koja zalazi i izvan granica teoretske povezanosti samih tehnoloških karakteristika medija. Ove dve umetničke discipline dokazano su egzistirale kao samosvesne oblasti (i više od fromalne povezanosti u doba neorealizma), ali sa velikom i snažnom vezom koja je obostrano uticala na njih putem saradnje autora, preplitanja uticaja, interakcije medija.The subject matter of the doctoral thesis is the origin, international influence and mutual factor of the cinematic and photographic neorealist art.
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Jin, Ying. "The Taiwan Question in China-U.S. Relations." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2631.
Full textAbstract:
The Taiwan issue has been regarded as the most sensitive question between China and the Unites States (U.S.). Although China-U.S. relations have made much progress, the Taiwan question has arrested the concerns of Chinese and American decision-makers for many years. Why is the Taiwan issue so important for the relationship between China and the U.S.? How is the future trend of development of China-U.S.-Taiwan? The different views of the governments in Washington and Beijing on the Taiwan issue, what result could it lead to? This study intends to answer these questions. To analyze this issue, I empirically examine the cases of Nixon’s visit to China in 1972 and Lee Teng-hui’s visit to the United States in 1995. By combining security complextheory and neorealism and neoliberal institutionalism I find that the Taiwan issue influenced the relationship between China and the U.S., and whether the Taiwan issue is settled properly will affect the normal development of China-U.S. relations directly.
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Mukhtarova, Mahira. "The EU’s Constraints in Involvement of the Post- Soviet Frozen Conflicts : (A Comparative Case Study on the Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia Conflicts)." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-169727.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines constraints of the EU’s engagement in the frozen conflicts of the South Caucasus, namely, the Abkhazia, the South Ossetia, and the Nagorno-Karabakh conflicts. The study begins with a puzzle in which the EU’s ambition for prioritizing the resolution of frozen conflicts mismatches with the reality related to the status quo of frozen conflicts. By using an abductive reasoning in an observed surprising fact, the research highlights that the complexity of the region can be the main contributor to the EU’s limitations. With this purpose, the ENP as a normative power of the EU is analyzed to identify how the EU is attempting to be a major actor in the region in order to secure its borders. Subsequently, the limitations of the EU in engaging in frozen conflicts are examined from ‘security dilemma’, ‘balance of power’ and ‘bandwagoning’ neorealism perspectives together with a comparative study on the three conflicts. The results show that the complexity of the region is a principal constraint for the EU. In particular, geopolitical rivalries with Russia and small states with their alliances contribute to the complexity of the region. However, this study also explores the idea that the complexity of the region is not only the best explanation for the EU’s limitations, but also the EU’s structure per se creates a lack of credibility with relations to the respective Caucasian states. For future studies, I suggest that the analysis of the social learning mechanism of the EU will be an asset for understanding the region and avoiding Eurocentric approaches towards Caucasian political systems and people. Regarding the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, policymakers can consider that it is possible to change the EU’s low profile either by having clear strategies concerning the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict or replacing one of the co-chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group with the EU.
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Sahlin, Jonathan. "Comparing Theories of the European Union: An essay on how to analyze the EU’s foreign policy and international power." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23103.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this essay is to explain how IR theory relates to the European Union. Thisis motivated by the extensive use of empirical and descriptive studies on the EU. Togenerate knowledge on how theory relates to the EU, two seemingly differenttheories are compared. Neorealism and social constructivism are used to generatehypotheses, which are then tested on a quantitive study on the EU’s Common Foreignand Security Policy. The study covers the years of 2003-2005 and uses a statisticalmethod to present to empirical findings, which is supplemented by previous studieson EU’s foreign policy. The theoretical framework enables comparison of the twoemployed theories’ explanatory powers. The essay concludes that none of the theoriesprovides satisfactory explanations of in regard to EU’s global power and/or influence.Nevertheless, they are able to explain different aspects of the developments of EU’sforeign policy. Further theoretical studies should be undertaken in order to highlightthe issues of theory vis-à-vis the European Union.