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1
Shrestha, Rabindra Man, and Asal Acharya. "An Interview with the First Orthodontist of Nepal." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 10, no. 1 (September 4, 2020): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v10i1.31013.
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Born on July 4, 1952, Dr Shambhu Man Singh is the first orthodontist of Nepal. He completed his BDS degree from Kerala University in 1974 and D. Ortho from Royal College of Surgeons Edinburgh in 1989. He started specialist orthodontic service in Kathmandu in 1990. He joined Nepal Army in 1977, where he served for thirty years till 2007 when he retired as a Brigadier General. Dr Singh is an Honorary and Life Member of Orthodontic & Dentofacial Orthopedic Association of Nepal. Besides his glorious involvement in military and civil health services, he is recognized as a humble and gentle person in Nepalese dentistry.
Here is an excerpt of the interview between Dr Shambhu Man Singh and the representatives of Orthodontic Journal of Nepal.
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Rajbhandari, K. C. "Neuro-Psychiatric Complication of HIV/AIDS in Royal Nepalese Army." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 1 (September 9, 1998): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v1i0.21509.
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Shrestha, Mrigendra P. "An Efficacy Trial of Recombinant Hepatitis E(rHEV) Vaccine in the Royal Nepalese Army." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 5 (December 1, 2002): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v5i0.21400.
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Gayawali, Bikash. "Importance of the Development Army in the Context of Nepal." Unity Journal 2 (August 11, 2021): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v2i0.38807.
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In the present context of Nepal, moves towards sustainable development, poverty alleviation, and employment generations in the country are the common expectations of all Nepalese people. Some innovative development strategies are essential to materialize the vision “Prosperous Nepal and Happy Nepali”. Development Army can be a novel concept to build up the foundation for sustainable development and upliftment of Nepal from developing country to developed country. In this concept, additional branch of the Nepal Army trained with a specific set of skills will specialize in mega-hydroelectricity generation and transmission, construction of mega-highways and human capital development. The research question of this article is formulated as “Is concept of Development Army viable for instantly responding to the needs of development and prosperity in present context of Nepal?” The major objective of this article is to create a spark in the mind of readers on importance of Development Army to combat major problems like poverty, unemployment, foreign employment and relative inefficiency of bureaucratic and private sectors to bring economic growth and climacteric changes in the country. Due to exploratory nature of the study, eff ort is being made to find new insights on involvement of Nepal Army in development activities with the help of secondary data. The major finding of this article is that the exquisite and valuable Nepal Army has huge potential to contribute in the development of Nepal by designing Development Army. It can be utilized in infrastructure development and skill based human capital development with the help of respective divisions.
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Adhikari, Sonika. "Security and development: Role of the Nepali Army in nation building." Unity Journal 1 (February 1, 2020): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v1i0.35704.
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This paper aims to highlight the integral role of Nepali Army towards national security and development. The researcher has applied secondary source of research design to collect the information. The result suggested that the Nepali Army played a major role in the formation as well as the development of Nepal as a strong stable nation–state. For the national security, the Nepali Army had fought many battles. Their contribution was visible from the unification campaign initiated by Prithvi Narayan Shah in 1740 AD to the Nepalese Civil war fought between the Communist Party of Nepal and the government of Nepal from 1996 to 2006. Similarly, for the development of the nation, their role is visible in infrastructure development, building civil military relation, disaster management, nature conservation and so on. Nepali Army along with the national security has been expanding its role in sectors like education, health and recreation with the interest of serving the people.
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Shrestha, Mrigendra P., Robert McNair Scott, Laxmi Ram Malla, Durga Man Joshi, Khagendra Bahadur Shrestha, and Krishna Narsingh Rayamajhi. "Hepatitis E Vaccine Trial in the Royal Nepal Army." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 4 (September 9, 2001): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v4i0.21404.
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Shrestha, Khagendra Bahadur. "Hepatitis E in the Royal Nepal Army and the Kathmandu Valley." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 3 (September 9, 2000): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v3i0.21440.
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Rayamajhi, K. N. "Mitigation in Disasters Role of Royal Nepal Army and Shree Birendra Hospital." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 2 (September 9, 1999): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v2i0.21480.
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Subedi, Nayan Bahadur. "A Brief Introduction of Ex-Royal Nepal Army Doctors and Technical Medical Officer's Society (ERNADTMOS)." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 4 (September 9, 2001): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v4i0.21411.
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Subba, Phanindra. "Sources of Nepali Army’s military effectiveness during the Anglo-Nepal War." Unity Journal 1 (February 1, 2020): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v1i0.35701.
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Military effectiveness is the process by which the military converts available material and political resources into military power. The organizational revolution that took place in Europe during the period, 1500- 1700, multiplied the military effectiveness of the European states. This paper, however, aims to assess the military effectiveness of the Nepalese Army during the Anglo- Nepal War, 1814-16, in the context of the failure of many of the armies of South Asia to mount an effective resistance against the colonial onslaught. Further, it explores the sources of the Nepali Army’s effectiveness in performance rooted in Prithvi Narayan Shah’s national army in its formative phase. His concept of the nation-state, the creation of a permanent army and his policy of not limiting recruitment and promotions to the natives of Gorkha laid the foundation for a loyal, competent multi–ethnic army. Moreover, this paper states that the institutional stability provided by his successors during a period of political turbulence spared the army time to consolidate and pass its institutional memory to the following generation. War is a brutal business, and the military effectiveness of armies is tested in the battlefield in which weaknesses are severely punished after their exposures. Strong states fight to win, the weak to survive. The paper concludes that the Nepali Army proved its military effectiveness during the Anglo-Nepal War by ensuring Nepal’s continued survival as an independent, sovereign state ever.
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Shrestha, Bipin Kumar, and Rashmi Shrestha. "Medical Students’ Perception on Joining Military Medical Services: A Mixed Method Study." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 19, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v19i1.22044.
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Introduction: Currently, in Nepal there are 19 Medical Colleges, most of them under Tribhuwan University and Kathmandu University. Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences (NAIHS) is Not-for-profit organization run by Nepal Army Welfare Fund, affiliated to Tribhuwan University. Excluding the medical graduates from abroad there are around 1500 doctors graduating from Nepal every year. After graduation they have the options joining as a Medical Officer in hospitals around Nepal or go abroad. Joining the Military Medical services seems appealing. However the options are broadening with the jobs in the private and other sectors becoming more lucrative. This study attempts to explore the perception of medical students on joining the Military Medical services.
Methods: The study was conducted during November 2016 to December 2017 among first and second year MBBS students of NAIHS. Comprehensive information about becoming a Military doctor in Nepal Army Medical Corps was provided. Student perceptions about joining Military Medical Services were studied using the semi-structured questionnaire. Informed written consent was taken from the students for the study.
Results: From the total (204) respondents, 64.7% (132) chose to join the Military medical services. Among the responses, serving the nation, job security and opportunity for career development were the most chosen. Reponses like; preferring private practice, less pay/salary, and deployment consideration were the reasons for not choosing to join the Military Medical Services.
Conclusion: Job as a Military Doctor seems attractive to majority of the Medical students. Male and Female medical students are equally interested towards becoming a military doctor in Nepal Army.
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Baral, Bhim Nath. "Dibya Upadesh: Pragmatic Guidelines to Nepalese Diplomacy." Journal of Political Science 20 (October 4, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jps.v20i0.31792.
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The origin of Nepal’s foreign policy dates back to the time of unification of Nepal by king Prithvi Narayan Shah in 1769. For the first time, Nepal was able to make structural provision to conduct foreign policy in a more successful way by deputing skilled officers. It was king Prithvi Narayan Shah who displayed skillful diplomacy in the initiation and successful operation of very challenging task of unification. Credit goes to his skillful war diplomacy. Besides spending active life from The House of Gorkha, he also became an ideal guardian to his successors. Keeping in view, the survival of the nation, he delivered some pragmatic instructions as an oratory to his courtiers and royal priests which we refer to as Dibya Upadesh. It covers the political, economic, strategic, military, geographical and other sectors of national life. More attention is given towards the protection of sovereignty and integrity of the country. So, this paper aims to analyze diplomatic insights expressed through Dibya Upadesh in domestic and external matter by taking state’s survival into consideration. The article is descriptive and analytical and data are acquired from secondary sources.
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Hutt, Michael. "Nepal and Bhutan in 2005: Monarchy and Democracy, Can They Co-exist?" Asian Survey 46, no. 1 (January 2006): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2006.46.1.120.
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Whether monarchy and democracy can coexist was the key question in both Bhutan and Nepal during 2005. Two developments in Nepal will be major factors in determining the survival of the Shah dynasty and, in the longer term, whether the Nepalese nation-state survives as a sovereign entity at all. These were the ““royal coup”” of February 1 and the agreement between the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and seven parliamentary political parties announced on November 22. In Bhutan, a new constitution is out for consultation that would establish a two-party democracy and reduce the powers of the king.
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Rawal, N., R. Karki, DB Shrestha, P. Manandhar, and N. Pathak. "Factors Associated with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Depression among Nepalese Combatants during Armed Insurgency." Journal of Psychiatrists' Association of Nepal 6, no. 1 (November 20, 2018): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v6i1.21768.
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Introduction: Mental illness is major global public health problem affecting over 450 million people, most of whom live in developing countries. Nepal just overcame ten years long conflict situation. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression is most prevalent in conflict inflicted areas as per most literatures. Much is not known about the psychological effects of the conflict situation, even after six years of peace process in Nepalese context.Material and Method: This is a cross sectional descriptive study carried out to explore the prevalence of Post-traumatic stress disorder and Depression in Nepalese army combatants involved during the armed insurgency period and its relationship with different. It was conducted in two randomly selected battalions of tenth brigade in Kathmandu. The PTSD was assessed using Post traumatic stress disorder checklist - military version (PCL-M), depression was assessed using the Beck depression inventory (BDI) and degree of combat exposure was assessed using Combat exposure scale (CES). The quantitative assessment was done using appropriate methods and tools.Results The degree of combat exposure showed 48.8% exposed to moderate and above degree of combat exposure. PTSD was found in 21.9% of the combats and 20.5% were found to have depression. Both PTSD and depression were found to be associated with degree of combat exposure. There was statistically significant association between degree of combat exposure and PTSD (p= 0.001, 95% CI (1.567-6.303)) and depression (p=0.011, 95% CI (1.209-4.830)).Conclusion: PTSD and depression exists even six years after the peace process in Nepalese army and is related to the degree of combat exposure regardless of other attributes like age, sex, rank, marital status.J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol .6(1), 2017, p.24-28
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Khatri, Devendra, Ratna Khatri, Binita Yadav, Helina Rayamajhi, Kishor Jung Rana, and Rajiv Pandey. "Incidence of Hypertension in the Nepalese Army selected for United Nation's Mission." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 13, no. 2 (August 3, 2015): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i2.13108.
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Introduction: Hypertension is an important public health challenge in the developing and the developed world alike. However, hospital-based studies on cardiovascular diseases including hypertension in a developing country like Nepal have been limited. The objective of the present study was to determine the incidence of hypertension in the troops selected for mission.Method: We did medical check-up of 850 soldiers selected for UNIFIL mission from January 2014 to March 2014 at Shree Birendra Hospital Chhauni, Kathmandu. Age ranged from 29 years to 55 years was included in the group. Various parameters like history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, smoking, alcohol, family history, measurement of blood pressure, body mass index, lipid profile and number of people who has to take antihypertensive medicines were studied.Results: Out of 850 military personnel 48 found to have high blood pressure. Maximum candidates belonged to young age group 29-35years of age. 22 were overweight and 6 were obese and having higher blood pressure levels. 66% were habituated to alcohol intake minimum 60 ml up to 160 ml. Most of them were occasional drinker. 31 candidates constituting 64.58% had to be put on antihypertensive that were newly diagnosed. 3 persons had past history of hypertension and were already on antihypertensive.Conclusions: The study highlights the prevalence of various risk factors for coronary artery disease in the army.Since majority of risk factors are modifiable, timely intervention can help in reducing morbidity and mortality.
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Pokharel, Ramesh. "Classical Music in the Shah and Rana Era: 1768 - 1951 A.D." SIRJANĀ – A Journal on Arts and Art Education 6, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sirjana.v6i1.39674.
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The tradition of classical music was more justified during the Shah and Rana Dynasty’s ruling. During the time the cultural import from neighboring India and the wide appreciation of music by kings and the Royal Palace of Nepal show the influence of Classical music among the Shah and Rana families. Some Rana Prime Ministers wanted to promote classical music but in practice most music was limited to the Royal palace and Rana family. Music Education, as well as all kinds of formal education were banned for the citizens of Nepal during the Rana regime. Those who were close to the Rana family and the palace were supposed to learn classical music from the patronized Ustaad /Pundit of the Palace and private teachers as well. This paper attempts to discuss the overall developing trends of classical music during Shah and Rana periods of Nepal in relation to development, extension and its practices in Nepalese society. All evidences have been taken from several documentaries. Whatever we practice as classical music today has taken the step of development in those periods. The evidence shows that especially raga based different Music genres were practiced and flourished in those periods.
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Wagle, Thakur Prasad Sharma. "The Stress and Strains of Modern Life in Nepalese Peacekeepers." Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2020): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijmss.v1i1.34617.
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In Nepal, stress is the mental phenomenon: caused from the various environmental factors, such as chronic stress, depression, physical, psychological and behavioral problems. The main objectives of this research is to explore the association between the level of stress among peacekeepers and troops of Nepalese Army. The study was conducted among the 101 respondent’s i.e. military officers, non-officers and even peacekeepers staffs and others who are interested in this sector comprising from Likard-Scale I to V level. The Cross-Sectional data were collected from non-probability convenience sampling. Structured as well as non-structured research questionnaires were used to measure the role-stress and mental health. The qualitative research found that by chi-square test i.e.0.0001 means that there is statistically highly significance between them. Furthermore, nature of frequency measured by Box -Whisker plot, whether the opinion of respondents is symmetrical or not. Plot shows that, the difference from median to lower and upper quartile is not normal. So-that, figure shows that Null Hypothesis rejected. In fact the level of stress among Nepalese peacekeepers have higher than other troops and respondents. Fact finding reveals that consistency with theory and Robustness of the conclusion.
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Mahotra, N. B., T. M. Amatya, B. SJB Rana, and D. Banstola. "Effects of exercise on pulmonary function tests: A comparative study between athletes and non-athletes in Nepalese settings." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 6, no. 1 (February 16, 2017): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v6i1.16575.
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Due to regular exercises, athletes tend to have an increase in pulmonary functions when compared to non exercising individuals, especially when the exercise is strenuous. Intensity and severity of sports engaged in by the athletes determines the extent of strengthening of the inspiratory muscles with a resultant increase in the lung volumes and capacities. Pulmonary parameters like tidal volume and forced vital capacity are significantly higher in athletes than in non athletes. A cross sectional comparative study was carried out in national sports council, Tribhuvan army club and institute of medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal. The athletes were footballers from Tribhuvan army club and sprinters from national sports council. The non-athletes were medical students from the institute of medicine, Kathmandu. Data were collected after performing spirometry and mean values were compared between athletes and non-athletes. Pulmonary functions were assessed based on forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) expressed as percent predicted for the age, sex, height, weight and race. Spirometry was performed in 169 subjects, out of which 84 were athletes and 85 were non-athletes. Athletes had a significantly superior FVC (P =0.00) compared to non-athletes. FEV1 was also recorded significantly higher in athletes than in non-athletes (P=0.023). Athletes have better pulmonary function tests than non-athletes because exercise in athletes strengthens the muscles of respiration.
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Guy, John. "New Evidence for the Jagannātha Cult in Seventeenth Century Nepal." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 2, no. 2 (July 1992): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135618630000239x.
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The Kathmandu valley in the seventeenth century was very prosperous, the bulk of its wealth derived from the trade which flowed through the valley between Tibet and the Indian plains. The ancient urban centres of the valley, Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur had emerged early in the century as three separate kingdoms. The tradition of jointrulership, whereby rule of each city-state was shared between branches of the ruling Malla dynasty had collapsed. The three kingdoms were engaged in constant rivalry which intermittently spilt over into open hostility and which consumed much of their energy and wealth. Yet it was also this rivalry which stimulated an era of generous royal patronage of the priesthood and the sponsoring of major pūjās and religious festivals, together with the building of new palaces and temples dedicated to the rulers' favourite deities. Support was extended not only to the artists commissioned to decorate the palaces and shrines, but also to poets, writers and musicians who found their work being encouraged, particularly when Nepalese court life underwent something of a renaissance under Mithila influence. This activity reached a peak during the reign of the enlightened and cultured King Pratapamalla of Kathmandu (1641–74), and under that of his contemporary and rival, King Jagatprakas'amalla of Bhaktapur (1643–72).
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Neupane, Sudeep. "An exemplary developing astronomy movement in Nepal." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (August 2012): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314012174.
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AbstractAstronomy and space science education had been given least importance by Nepalese government in the past. The modern astronomy movement is believed to have started when an official observation programme of Haley's comet was organized by Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (RONAST) in 1986. Following the huge pressure from the scientific community, the Nepal government (Kingdom of Nepal at that time) established B.P. Koirala Memorial Planetarium, Observatory and Science Museum Development Board in 1992. Initiatives of the project started with observatory set up and the development of astrophysics syllabus for university students. Astrophysics is included as an elective paper in the Physics masters course. The lead astrophysicist of Nepal Dr. Binil Aryal is running a research group in Tribhuvan University since 2005 which has a significant number of international publications. The developing government initiatives and achievements will be discussed.In 2007, a group of astronomy enthusiastic students along with amateurs working independently in past established Nepal Astronomical Society (NASO), which surprisingly increased the amateur activities and inspired other amateur groups to revive. During IYA 2009, more than 80 outreach and observation events were organized solely by NASO. NASO was able to collaborate with many international programmes and projects like GHOU/GTTP, EurAstro, AWB, UNAWE, SGAC, Star Peace, TWAN etc during and beyond IYA2009. Currently Nepal is recognized as the most eventful country of outreach and astronomy education among the amateur community. The success story of the astronomy movement and the local difficulties while organizing the events will be explained.
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Kadel, Muna, and Trilok Pati Thapa. "Morphometric Study of Distal End of Human Dry Radii." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 20, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v20i1.27943.
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Introduction: Radius is the lateral bone of forearm. Important parameters of its distal end include angle of radial inclination, palmar tilt, and length of radial styloid process. Morphometry of the distal end of radius is important in various clinical orthopaedic procedures such as reduction of distal radius fractures, design of distal radius prosthesis, and kinematics of the wrist joint. The aim of this study is to determine the angle of radial inclination, palmar tilt, length of styloid process, oblique width, transverse and anteroposterior diameter of distal end of human dry radii in Nepalese population.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the dissection hall of Department of Human Anatomy, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Sanobhyrang, Kathmandu, Nepal from October 2019 to November 2019 after obtaining ethical approval. Total 76 human dry radii were included in the study by convenience sampling method. Angle of radial inclination, palmar tilt, length of styloid process, oblique width, transverse and anteroposterior diameter of distal end of human dry radii were studied. Data was collected and analysed by SPSS version 24.
Results: Mean length of styloid process was 1.09 cm. Mean anteroposterior and transverse diameter of distal end of radius was 1.88 cm and 2.85 cm respectively. Mean oblique width of distal radius was 2.82 cm. The mean palmar tilt and angle of inclination of radius were 9.72 and 23.62 degree respectively.
Conclusions: This study provides the reference data for the anatomical alignment while treating the injuries of the distal end of radius in Nepalese population.
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Mahotra, N. B., T. M. Amatya, B. SJB Rana, and D. Banstola. "Effects of exercise on pulmonary function tests: A comparative study between athletes and non-athletes in Nepalese settings." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 6, no. 1 (February 16, 2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v1i1.16575.
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<p> Due to regular exercises, athletes tend to have an increase in pulmonary functions when compared to non exercising individuals, especially when the exercise is strenuous. Intensity and severity of sports engaged in by the athletes determines the extent of strengthening of the inspiratory muscles with a resultant increase in the lung volumes and capacities. Pulmonary parameters like tidal volume and forced vital capacity are significantly higher in athletes than in non athletes. A cross sectional comparative study was carried out in national sports council, Tribhuvan army club and institute of medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal. The athletes were footballers from Tribhuvan army club and sprinters from national sports council. The non-athletes were medical students from the institute of medicine, Kathmandu. Data were collected after performing spirometry and mean values were compared between athletes and non-athletes. Pulmonary functions were assessed based on forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) expressed as percent predicted for the age, sex, height, weight and race. Spirometry was performed in 169 subjects, out of which 84 were athletes and 85 were non-athletes. Athletes had a significantly superior FVC (P =0.00) compared to non-athletes. FEV1 was also recorded significantly higher in athletes than in non-athletes (P=0.023). Athletes have better pulmonary function tests than non-athletes because exercise in athletes strengthens the muscles of respiration. </p>
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Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur, and Lava Shrestha. "Effects Of Type Sports On Pulmonary Function Tests: A Comparative Study In Nepalese Settings." Journal of Nobel Medical College 2, no. 1 (February 27, 2013): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v2i1.7667.
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Introduction: Due to regular exercises, athletes tend to have an increase in pulmonary capacity when compared to non-exercising individuals. Intensity and severity of sports engaged in by the athletes probably determines the extent of strengthening of the inspiratory muscles with a resultant increase in the pulmonary functions.1, 2 So, this study has been carried out to establish a relationship between the type of sports and pulmonary functions in Nepalese athletes. Methods: This study has adopted a cross sectional observational comparative research design. Spirometry was conducted in 84 different national level athletes [25.71 (± 4.55) years]. The athletes were from five different sport groups. Out of them, there were 16 weight lifters, 41 footballers, 10 swimmers, 8 marathon runners and 9 sprinters. Among them weight lifters, marathoners and sprinters were selected from the National sports council, Tripureshower, Kathmandu and footballers and swimmers were from the Nepal army club, Kathmandu, Nepal. The spirometry was done in sitting position using MIR SPIROLAB II spirometer based on American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommendations. Pulmonary function was assessed based on Forced Expiratory Volume in first second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) expressed as percent predicted for the age, sex, height, weight and race. Results: When comparing the mean values of FVC, FEV1 and PEFR among the five different sport groups, as expected, athletes who have more strenuous respiratory muscles exercise had significantly superior pulmonary function parameters. For example weight lifters and swimmers had 111.84 and 109.56 percentage of predicted values on FVC (P=0.008) respectively. But marathoners, footballers and sprinters had 105.83, 99.25 and 98.34 percentage of predicted values respectively. Similarly, weight lifters, swimmers, marathoners, footballers and sprinters had 110.63, 110.15 and 110.28, 102.52 and 99.23 percentages of predicted values on FEV1 (p=0.090) respectively. Swimmers, marathoners, footballers, weight lifters and sprinters had 106.03 and 107.34, 104.37, 102.08 and 86.58 percentage of predicted values on PEFR (p=0.027) respectively. Conclusion: Athletes who have most strenuous respiratory muscle exercise like swimming and weight lifting have better pulmonary function tests (PFTs) compared to other athletes like sprinters who have less strenuous muscle exercise. Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol. 2, No.1 Issue 3 Nov.-April 2013 Page 18-21 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v2i1.7667
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Kadel, Muna, and Trilok Pati Thapa. "Study of the Head of Human Dry Radii in a Medical College of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 58, no. 223 (March 30, 2020): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.4814.
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Introduction: Radius is a lateral bone of forearm. Its proximal end forms a part of elbow joint and superior radioulnar joint. Knowledge of the shape and size of radial head is essential for construction of radial head prosthesis. The objective of this study is to study the morphology of head of human dry radii.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in human dry radii in the Dissection hall of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Sanobharyang, Kathmandu, Nepal from September to October 2019. Ethical approval was taken. Altogether, 68 dry bones were enrolled in the study by convenience sampling method. Radial head was studied in respect to anteroposterior and transverse diameter, height at medial and distal end and shape. Mean and standard deviations of the parameters were obtained by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.
Results: Mean height of radial head at medial and lateral end was 0.91cm and 0.76cm respectively. Mean anteroposterior and transverse diameter of radial head were 2.09 cm and 2.02 cm respectively. Most common shape of radial head in this study was circular in 40 radii (59%) followed by elliptical in 23 (34%). Mean depth of the superior articular facet of the radial head was 0.19 mm.
Conclusions: The most common shape of radial head is elliptical but it was found to be circular in this study. This study will be useful for orthopedic surgeons in making prosthesis of radial head.
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Tinker, Hugh. "Burma's Struggle for Independence: The Transfer of Power Thesis Re-examined." Modern Asian Studies 20, no. 3 (July 1986): 461–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00007824.
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On 3 May 1945, British—Indian forces landed in Rangoon. The Japanese had pulled out. The city was liberated. On 16 June there was a victory parade, though the final victory over Japan was still distant and most of their conquests were intact. Admiral Mountbatten, Supreme Allied Commander, took the salute while detachments representing the one million men under his command passed by in massed array. Famous regiments from Britain, India and Nepal; the Royal Navy; the Royal Air Force; men from the United States Air Force. It was an impressive sight, though the ceremony took place in pouring rain. Amongst them all was a somewhat ragged band representing the Burma National Army which, having been raised by the Japanese, had fought for three months alongside the British. Watching the parade from the central dais was a young man dressed in the uniform of a Japanese Major-General, though he also wore an arm-band with a conspicuous red star. The outfit was incongruously crowned by a pith sun-helmet—a topi. Probably most foreigners present assumed he was a Chinese officer. He was actually Bogyoke Aung San, commander of the BNA.
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Sharma, Rajendra. "Contract for Peace: Peace Agreements and its Security Implication." Journal of APF Command and Staff College 3, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/japfcsc.v3i1.27527.
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Negotiated settlements have been increasingly accepted as the preferred way of ending civil wars. Studies show that only 50 percent of negotiated settlements last beyond five years, while in others, negotiated settlements have been shown to keep the peace for only three and half years. Contrary to this, the peace agreements/understandings were universally considered as the pivotal blue print for conflict transformation and peace buildings. In our case, the management of arms and armies, reintegration of few former rebels in the national army, promulgation of the constitution from the constituent assembly etc. are the crucial tasks of the peace process. In this context, this paper highlights the major peace agreements (2005-2010) reached between the then Communist Party of Nepal (CPN)-Maoist and the seven parliamentary party alliance’s government and simultaneously tries to analyze these agreements’ influence on security. The 12-point understanding of 2005 concluded in New Delhi is the guiding framework of the Nepalese peace process and has its geostrategic implication as well. Likewise, the Comprehensive Peace Accord (CPA) of 2006 is a milestone in bringing about an end to the decade of old civil war and beginning an inclusive, secular, peaceful and democratic nation-building process. Despite everything, delaying the transitional justice process and staling the social reconciliation can be the potential reason for a reprisal of conflict
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Thapa, Abhijeet. "Analyzing Tourism Behaviours and Tourism Autonomy in the Global Market: Cases of Nepal's Pashupatinath Temple and Korean DMZ." Nepalese Culture 14 (March 9, 2021): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nc.v14i0.35424.
Full textAbstract:
Tourist guides and travel agents in Nepal had been selling Hindu funeral rite as tourism package to the tourists in the Pashupatinath premises until the Covid pandemic hit the global market paralyzing tourism to a woeful state. However, soon after the dangers are curbed this will continue on a surging pace hopefully. Non- Hindus do not get to enter the temple but westerners and tourists throng here to see the extraordinary funeral rite which surely can be put as popular product that has outgrown its small-dome in this World heritage site. Unlike the ritual niche package of the Nepalese, in another part of the world, South Koreans have been selling "border-sights" in a strip of land between North Korea and South Korea. The notorious infiltration tunnels there in are so said to have been clandestinely built by North Korea to sneak its army into Seoul and capture South Korea by surprise which were found out after the secret was spilled by a North Korean involved in the project. Until now, 4 such tunnels have been found but it is believed that there are numerous. As of now, there are no clear clarifications and political confessions from North Korea about these. This paper unfurls through writer's own experiences in different roles (as a tourist guide and as a tourist) at these two entirely different sites to dig upon how tourism products are sold, consumed and popularized in the tourism sectors. The findings also reveal how states as hosts have begun inducing captivating packages in unusual destinations that turn tourists into consumers. But there are unanswered question of ethics and tourism strategies.
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Sinha, Ritesh, Prakash Poudel Jaishi, Kiran Sandhya Neupane, Ashik Rajak, and Prakash Banjade. "Study of relation of type of fracture with amount of postoperative fluid therapy and duration of hospital stay after surgery." Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 10, no. 1 (September 22, 2021): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v10i1.38947.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Post-earthquake in Nepal many patients were rescued by the Nepalese Army and transferred to Shree Birendra Hospital where they were managed and discharged postoperatively to the area with substandard care. Objectives: This study aimed to establish the relation of type of fracture with the amount of fluid infused/transfused and postoperative hospital stay during earthquake victim resuscitation and care in April 2015. Methods: Hospital based data registered during the period of 25th April 2015 to 15th May 2015 were collected for this analytical study design. Seventy-five orthopaedic cases were selected randomly and analysed with software Minitab 17. Results: Fifty-three patients had long bone fractures, out of which 32 were infused with low, 18 with moderate, and three with high amounts of fluids. Similarly, 15 patients with non-long bone fractures were infused with low and seven patients with moderate amounts of fluid. The Chi-square association between type of fracture and amount of postoperative fluid therapy is 1.418, DF = 2 with p = 0.49. Similarly, the Chi-square association between the type of fracture and duration of hospital stay is 5.423 with DF = 4 and p = 0.247. Conclusion: Long bone fractures are more debilitating but are not a cause for long hospital stay postoperatively. And there is no significant relationship between the type of fracture and the amount of postoperative fluid therapy. Hence during the time of disaster, patients can be cared for in the hospital ward for a certain time and shifted to other areas of sub-standard care. This in turn can accommodate large victims during such critical times.
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Rajbhandari, Bibek, Naveen Phuyal, Bikal Shrestha, and Moon Thapa. "Air Medical Evacuation of Nepalese Citizen During Epidemic of COVID-19 from Wuhan to Nepal." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 58, no. 222 (February 29, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.4857.
Full textAbstract:
In December 2019, the world was disrupted by the news of a new strain of virus known as Novel Corona virus, taking lives of many in China. Wuhan, the capital of Central China’s Hubei province is said to be the place where the outbreak started. The city went on a lockdown as the disease spread rapidly. After the lockdown, most countries like India and Bangladesh airlifted their citizens who were studying in Wuhan. Similarly, Nepal also has many youth studying medicine in Wuhan. Pleas for help from the students reached the government. This was a first encounter of such experience for Nepal government. With the help of Health Emergency Organizing committee, Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Nepal Army Hospital, Nepal Police Hospital, Waste Management team, Nepal Ambulance service, Tribhuwan Airport and Royal Airlines the government of Nepal planned, organized and successfully brought back all the 175 students on 15 the February, 2019 from Wuhan, China. The aim of the present article is to share the experience, the challenges faced and recommendations for future similar cases.
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Roka, Kumar, Sabina Khadka, Sanju Dahal, Meenakshi Yadav, Puja Thapa, and Rubina KC. "Excessive Daytime Sleepiness among First to Fourth Year Undergraduate Students of a Medical College in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 58, no. 229 (September 27, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.5297.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Excessive Daytime Sleepiness is a significant health problem among medical students worldwide which can impair their cognitive and academic performances. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness among the first to fourth year undergraduate students of the Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences-College of Medicine.
Methods: Following the ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee with registration no. 317, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the first to fourth year medical students of the Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences-College of Medicine from 4" to 10" August 2020. Two hundred and thirty-two students were selected for the study using the stratified random sampling technique. Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used to obtain data on daytime sleepiness among the study participants. The data were entered into Google spreadsheets and later analyzed. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with the frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: The prevalence of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness among the first to fourth year undergraduate students of the Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences-College of Medicine is found to be 67 (31.02%) at 95% Confidence Interval (24.85-37.19). It was found to be highly prevalent among the fourth year undergraduate medical students 20 (35.09%) and least prevalent among the first year students 13 (26.00%). Excessive Daytime Sleepiness was found to be slightly higher among females 23 (34.85%) than males 44 (29.33%).
Conclusions: Excessive Daytime Sleepinessis highly prevalent among medical students in our study as suggested by various international studies.
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Dahal, Girdhari. "Women Participation in Local Development: A Study of Kaski District." Journal of Political Science, August 22, 2021, 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jps.v21i1.39285.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the women participation in local development of Kaski district in Nepal. The nation provides equal opportunities to the women. Despite that, they are strong enough and empowered in local development? Nepalese women are struggling for equal opportunity in society. This paper is qualitative research. It is based on primary and secondary data based on descriptive and analytical paper. In the local election held in 2017, 152 women were elected to the local government in Kaski district. They are Dalit and non-Dalit both. Constitutionally thirty-three percent women are required to be the participants on each level of the government of Nepal. It is a legal provision for participation in local governments. Similarly, women are the participants in the federal, provincial and local governments of Nepal. The constitution has provided women participation on policy level as well as civil service, Nepal Police and Nepal Army and other sectors of the nation. Now, the federal democratic republic nation of Nepal has been practicing inclusive democracy. It is a great achievement for the Nepalese women. Now, 21th century as democratic country like Nepal needs meaningful women participation on a local level. The women need equal opportunity in the social, economic and political sector. Local level of Kaski district women participate with empower on politics as well as development activities as planning, budgeting, judicial leadership. These are the symbolic empowerment of women in local development.
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Zoowa, Sabin Bahadur, Lochana Shrestha, Leela Paudel, Ganesh Bhandari, Suhail Sapkota, and Bibek Timilsina. "Socio-psychological Study of COVID–19 Pandemic among Healthcare Workers in a Medical College of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 59, no. 234 (February 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.5594.
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Introduction: Health care workers experienced considerable psychological distress as a result of COVID-19 due to providing direct patient care, quarantine or self-isolation, and lockdown experience. They are front line workers handling the patients and are at greater risk than others. This study aims to determine the socio-psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers of a medical college in Nepal.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study from different institutions of the Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences from May 2020 to July 2020 was conducted. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences. A total of 212 responses were collected through Google form along with the Depression, anxiety, stress and scale-21 to assess the level of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress. Analysis of the data was done using Statistical Package of Social Sciences version 22.
Results: Respondents with extremely severe depression, anxiety, and stress was found to be 16 (7.5%), 24 (11.3%), and 4 (1.95%) respectively. Most of the respondents do not have travel history, but 6 (2.8%) and 28 (13.2%) have direct and indirect contact respectively with the COVID patients. Daily activities such as food intake, the workload at home, and relationships with family members were increased. 208 (98%) have followed preventive measures such as mouth mask, hand washes, and physical distance.
Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a significant level of depression, anxiety, and stress on health care workers caring for infected patients, with their main concern being the risk of transmitting the infection to their families or acquiring it themselves.
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K. C., Gaurab, and Pranab Kharel. "Locating Nepalese Mobility: A Historical Reappraisal with Reference to North East India, Burma and Tibet." Kathmandu School of Law Review, November 30, 2018, 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.46985/jms.v6i2.208.
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Most literature published on migration in Nepal makes the point of reference from 19th century by stressing the Lahure culture - confining the trend’s history centering itself on the 200 years of Nepali men serving in British imperial army. However, the larger story of those non-military and non-janajati (ethnic) Nepali pilgrimages, pastoralists, cultivators and tradesmen who domiciled themselves in Burma, North East India and Tibet has not been well documented in the mobility studies and is least entertained in the popular imagination. Therefore, this paper attempts to catalog this often neglected outmigration trajectory of Nepalis. Migrants venturing into Burma and North East India consist of an inclusive nature as the imperial army saw the overwhelming presence of hill janajatis in their ranks whereas Brahmins (popularly known as Bahuns) and Chettris were largely self-employed in dairy farming and animal husbandry. In tracing out the mobility of Nepalis to North East, Burma and Tibet it can be argued that the migrating population took various forms such as wanderers (later they became settlers), mercantilist, laborers, mercenary soldiers, and those settlers finally forced to become returnees. In this connection, documenting lived experiences of the living members or their ancestors is of paramount importance before the memory crosses the Rubicon.
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Chalise, Gita Dhakal, Mamata Bharati, Jayendra Bajracharya, Ambu KC, Subhadra Pradhan, Bibhav Adhikari, and Manoranjan Shrestha. "Undergraduate Medical Science Students' Positive Attitude towards Online Classes during COVID-19 Pandemic in a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 59, no. 234 (February 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.5413.
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Introduction: The outbreak of COVID-19 led to lockdown, which in turn led to the closure of schools and colleges. This situation created an opportunity to transform the conventional learning methods into an online or virtual method using various digital platforms. Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences started online classes as an alternative way to resume education during this pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to identify the prevalence of medical science students with a positive attitude towards online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic in a medical college of Kathmandu, Nepal.
Methods: The study was conducted among 513 students using descriptive cross-sectional study design who were currently studying Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery, Proficiency Certificate Level Nursing, Bachelor of Science in Nursing, and Bachelor of Nursing Science under the Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences. Data was collected from June-July 2020 through an online self-administered questionnaire using Google forms. The results were presented through frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation.
Results: In this study, 112 (87.5%) Bachelor of Science in Nursing, 189 (83.6%) Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery, and 63 (82.9%) Bachelor of Science in Nursing students had a positive attitude towards online classes, while 51 (61.5%) of Proficiency Certificate Level Nursing students had a negative attitude towards it.
Conclusions: Most bachelor-level students had a positive attitude towards online classes. With apositive attitude, students’ participation and adaptability in online classes will be high, resulting inbetter academic performance.
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Sangroula, Geeta Pathak. "Gurkha's Quest for Justice: Possible Remedies for Gurkhas under International Human Rights System." Kathmandu School of Law Review, March 8, 2021, 14–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46985/kslr.v7i2.1462.
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There is a 205-year long history of Gurkha’s entanglement with the British. In 1816, the British East India Company defeated Nepal in the Anglo-Nepalese war. Dominant narratives of this history suggests that the British were impressed by the war-fighting capabilities and loyalty of the Gurkhas, and recruited them- not as mercenaries but part of their army- to fight in the World Wars, to maintain imperial administration in British India, Burma, Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong. After the 1947 Tripartite Agreement between India, Nepal, and Britain, Gurkha soldiers were recruited annually in both British and Indian armies. For decades, the Gurkhas have carried out a movement seeking equal pay and pension in comparison to their British counterpart. After a long struggle, their movement reached the European Court of Human Rights wherein the Court did not find a violation of the European Convention regarding the differential treatment of Gurkha soldiers. The paper, briefly subscribes to the available literatures about the magnitude of problems and the status of Nepali Gurkhas in the British Army, including an overview of the commitments and obligation of United Kingdom towards human rights. The paper fills the scholarly gap by taking international human rights as an analytical framework in approaching the Gurkhas’ issue. In making a case for possible remedies, Gurkhas as ‘rightsholders’ is proposed as a suitable frame. It concludes with recommendations, grounded in international human rights law, as a possible remedial mechanism for the Gurkhas — in their quest of justice.
"We never got equal terms and pay, and we are not even bothered about that. What we are seeking is justice for our pensions, getting equal to what the British get, according to the service rendered." (Retired major Tikendra Dal Dewan)
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Gurung, Sharmila, Vijay Gupta, and Anita Lamichhane. "Prevalence of Type I Lip Print among Medical Students in a Medical College of Nepal." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 57, no. 218 (August 31, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.4451.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Lip prints, due to their unique patterns are typical to an individual, hence, used for personal identification. They vary in predominance, gender and race among different populations. The objective is to study their distribution among medical students and identify the predominant type.
Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the medical students of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, from April 2019 to May 2019 after the ethical approval. Convenience sampling was used. The prints were classified according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi. The collected data was entered in SPSS to determine the frequency and percentage. Sub group analysis was done on basis of gender and types of lip print.
Results: Out of 205 participants, prevalence of type I lip print among medical students is 70 (34.1%). Type I lip print was found to be most common followed by Type II in 57 (27.8%) and Type V in 6 (2.9%). One hundred forty one (68.8%) were male and 64 (31.2%) were female. The predominating pattern in RUQ; LUQ; LLQ; RLQ among male and female is Type I 46 (32.6%) and Type I 39 (27.7%); Type II 39 (27.7%) and Type II 44 (31.2%); Type I 19 (29.7%) and Type II 19 (29.7%); Type I 31 (48.4%)and Type I 27 (42.2%) respectively.
Conclusions: Type I was the most common while Type V was the least common lip print. However, there was variation in its frequency and distribution according to the quadrant and sex.
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Dawadi, Pravakar, Sabina Khadka, Milan Chandra Khanal, and Raj Kumar Thapa. "Blood Donation Practice among Undergraduate Students in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 58, no. 232 (December 31, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.5288.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Voluntary blood donation is a reliable source of increasing the demand for blood transfusion. Medical students are the potential pool of blood donors. This study aims to find the prevalence of blood donation practice among medical students of a medical college in Nepal.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a medical college of Nepal among students studying from the first year to final year MBBS. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee of the Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences (Ref no. 245). A stratified random sampling technique was used to collect data. A self-administered pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016.
Results: The prevalence of blood donation practice among medical students of the medical college is 41 (22.20%) (17.35-27.05 at 95% Confidence Interval). The practice of blood donation is seen more among students of the final year 15 (35.71%) and the least among first year 3 (8.57%). Most of the donors, 24 (58.54%), have donated blood only once before. The most common reasons for donating and not donating blood before are ‘behavior of altruism’ 12 (29.27%) and ‘I am not fit/disapproved’ 44 (30.56%) respectively.
Conclusions: This study shows less prevalence of blood donation practice among medical students. It points to the need for more extensive studies to explore the factors deterring medical students from donating blood. Definitive strategies are also needed to encourage medical students to increased voluntary participation in blood donation.