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Ghimire, Nani Babu. "Nepalese English (Nenglish): Diverse and expanded assortment of Standard English." Siddhajyoti Interdisciplinary Journal 2, no. 01 (2021): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sij.v2i01.39237.
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Nepalese English is a new version of Standard English which is developed due to the effect of the Worlds Englishes. When the English language is expanded, the consequence has been seen in the use of English according to the socio-cultural context of the countries. The use of English either in spoken or written form is also seen differently from the Standard English in Nepal. To uncover this change in the use of English in Nepal, I studied two fictions (novels) written by two Nepalese literary figures in English based on qualitative analysis of the authors’ practice in the use of Nepalese English in writing fiction and found that there is the influence of Nepalese socio-cultural, socio-political, social norms and values in English literature. The finding also illustrated that Nepalese words (characters, location, kinship and taboos terms) are making their entries, complete sentences in Nepali are written, English suffixes are being attached to Nepalese words and vice versa, the word order of English is changed in Nepalese English (Nenglish), the literal translation of Nepalese proverbs are being introduced in English literature. The practice of writing English literature using Nepalese English is being extended to create its own features in English language which leads to develop Nepalese English as a separate variety in the field of language study.
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Shankar, P. Ravi, Kundan K. Singh, Ajaya Dhakal, Arati Shakya, and Rano M. Piryani. "Student feedback about the use of literature excerpts in Sparshanam, a Medical Humanities module." F1000Research 1 (November 15, 2012): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.1-49.v1.
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Medical humanities (MH) modules have been conducted for first year students at KIST Medical College, Lalitpur, Nepal for the last four years. Literature excerpts are widely used in MH programs in developed nations. In Nepal English language literature excerpts had been used previously in two modules. Problems noted were difficulty in comprehending the excerpts and relating them to the Nepalese scenario. The MH module for the 2011 intake was conducted from December 2011 to March 2012. The present study was conducted in the third week of March to obtain student perceptions about use of literature excerpts and suggestions for further improvement using a questionnaire. Literature excerpts used in the module dealt with Nepal and health-related topics. Sixty-eight of the 80 students (85%) participated in the study. The majority were male, self-financing and from urban areas. Respondents felt the excerpts introduced them to different aspects of the medical profession, prepared them for future practice, and underscored the importance of understanding the patients’ feelings. The literature excerpts with which they could identify the most and the least were noted. There were no differences in median enjoyment and effectiveness scores of the literature excerpts according to subgroups of respondents. The suggested benefits of using literature in medical education were similar to those reported previously. Most respondents were able to appreciate the English language excerpts. They felt that Nepali language excerpts and those by Nepali writers could also be included. The findings would be of interest to educators in other developing nations introducing MH modules.
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Adhikari, Uday. "The Wayward Daughter Author: Shraddha Ghale." JODEM: Journal of Language and Literature 10, no. 1 (2019): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jodem.v10i1.30408.
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Adhikari, Kumar. "Humanism in Devkota’s Bhikhari." Literary Studies 29, no. 01 (2016): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/litstud.v29i01.39600.
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This paper analyzes some of the poems from Laxmi Pd. Devkota’s Bhikhari, one of the popular compilations of Nepali poetry. Devkota is primarily a humanist poet. He is also the leading Nepali poet who popularized Romantic poetry in Nepali literature. In Bhikhari, Devkota seems more like a ‘romantic humanist’. The paper tries to trace the root of ‘humanism’ in general, and how English Romantic poets accommodated it in their Romantic philosophy later in the 19th century. In short, humanism believes that individuals have everything they need to grow and develop to their fullest potential. This article is a reading of Devkota’s some of the poems from his collection Bhikhari from the perspective of humanism.
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Gautam, Bhim Lal, and Prem Prasad Poudel. "Diversity, Multilingualism and Democratic Practices in Nepal." Bandung 9, no. 1-2 (2022): 80–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21983534-09010004.
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Abstract This paper presents the relationship among Nepal’s linguistic diversity, multilingualism, and democratic practices by bringing into ideas from the global north and global south. The guiding question for exploring this relationship is, “why is Nepal’s linguistic diversity being squeezed despite the formulation of democratic and inclusive language policies that intended to promote multilingualism?”. To investigate this concern, qualitative data were obtained from semi-structured interviews with two purposively selected high-profile people working in the capacity of language policymaking in the state agencies. In Nepal, although democracy promoted awareness towards the issue of language rights and the need of preservation and promotion of minority languages, the narrowing of multilingual diversity continued in practice. This study concluded that democracy allowed neoliberal ideologies to penetrate sociolinguistic spaces and put greater emphasis on English and Nepali. While there is an intertwined relationship between linguistic diversity, democracy, and multilingualism, the ongoing democratic practices have become counterproductive in maintaining the linguistic diversity leading to the marginalization of minority and lesser-known languages. Also, despite ample literature documenting linguistic diversity as a resource and opportunity, the notions of ‘linguistic diversity’ and ‘multilingualism’ were utilized merely as political agendas and issues of critical discourses which have left negligible impact on changing the conventionalized practices of linguistic domination of Nepali and English. Therefore, we question the co-existence of diversity and democracy and claim that democracy alone does not necessarily contribute to the protection of linguistic diversity. In line with this concept, democratic practices could even be counterproductive in the promotion and protection of linguistic diversity. Our findings suggest future interventions about essentializing the use of minority languages in education and governance, alongside democracy providing the fertile grounds for policy pitches to address micro problems in maintaining multilingualism within a democracy.
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Shankar, Moguthala. "Evolution of English Language from Anglo-Saxon to Post-Modern Times." Technoarete Transactions on Language and Linguistics 1, no. 1 (2022): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ttll/01.01.a003.
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The stages or the periods of the English literature have several transitions regarding the development of the English language from the old period to the modern period of the literature. The revolution is the development journey of every period of English literature including novels, poetry, prose, theatres, and many others. There were the gradual transitions of imaginative freedom and the exuberant gaiety of renaissance to artificial cheer. The periods are not so much exclusive and absolute in their timeframes and they often overlap. These phases were characterized by certain literary movements and literary figures of English literature. The English language has become the most spoken language globally and it is spoken around 90 countries as the official language or the semi-official language. It is believed that in the world over a billion people are learning English currently and it is the most remarkable thing and aspect that the spread of the English language globally has been the extent in every part of the countries. The increase in the development of the English language helps in communicating to the people in other parts of the countries, easy to travel, developing the television and radio sector as there are different types of English language is mixed. The new and innovative words have been borrowed from different countries such as German, French, Arabic, Nepali, even Spanish for hanging and developing and by these thousands of new innovative words are arriving every month and every year. By this, the English language and the English literature is going on developing day by day and upgrading.
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Adhikari, Tara Prasad. "Mahakavi Devkota: a Myth-taker & a Myth-maker." Journal of English Language and Literature 13, no. 3 (2020): 1226–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/jell.v13i3.430.
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Laxmi Prasad Devkota is simply hailed as the Mahakavi in Nepal that means he is the greatest poet of Nepal. He had a romantic inclination that a reader may easily notice while going through his writings. Of course, he had an immense knowledge of the romantic tradition of the West but at the same time he was a great scholar of English, Hindi, Sanskrit, and Nepali literature. Due to his vast range of knowledge, he has been able to draw numerous mythologies from various places and use them in his writings. But he is not just a taker of foreign myths because he even twisted them at many places. He was very playful of his subject matters and styles. Another interesting thing about Devkota is that his writings do not just take and break foreign myths; he also makes new myths in his own way. This is why this paper argues that Devkota is a taker, breaker, and a maker of myths.
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Bhattarai, Gaurav. "Rediscovering the Contemporary Relevance of National Security Strategies in Divya Upadesh: A History-Policy Relationship." Unity Journal 3, no. 01 (2022): 165–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v3i01.43323.
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Rediscovering the past to build a secure future is better realized by understanding the role of history in policy making. Today, while Nepal’s national security policies remain silent about the geopolitical threats, it is timely to rediscover the guidelines on national security strategies introduced in Divya Upadesh, a Divine Counsel of the Great King Prithivi Narayan Shah. Currently, Nepal inability in escaping the geostrategic challenge of accommodating the interest of major powers is explicitly visible in the fiasco created by the Nepali political parties in the context of Nepal’s uncertainty over US-sponsored MCC project, which is today perceived in Nepal as hostile to China-led BRI. Historically, Nepal has successfully balanced its two Gulliverian neighbors. But, today, Nepal is not in a position to evade the repercussions triggered by Sino-Indian rivalry at the regional front and Sino-US strategic competition at the global level. On the backdrop of their conflicting interest—strategic, security, economic—Kathmandu faces the geostrategic challenges of accommodating the interest of major powers. Although Nepal’s integrated foreign policy of 2020 mentions of the changed geopolitical context, pragmatic policy recommendations, as indicated by foreign policy behavior, are missing. Constitutional guidelines on Nepal’s foreign policy and national security alone are not sufficient. Thus, drawing lessons from history could be of help to formulate the national security strategies in order to better cope with the external threats. The rationale behind considering Divya Upadesh is to make Nepali policy makers realize that the national security strategies and policies that Nepal adopted in a usual/normal context won’t be able to fulfill the requirements of the uncertain strategic milieu against the backdrop of a ‘new Cold War’ brewing between the United States and China. In the late 18th century when P.N Shah was introducing a comprehensive national security policy for the first time, the external environment wasn’t much favorable. After his death, however, instead of paying heed to his guidelines, expansionism ended up to territorial loss, adventurism led to Himalayan wars, appeasement led to increasing British influence in Nepal. After 1950, guidelines in Divya Upadesh have been more confined to history books and classrooms lectures. While Nepal lionizes its act of balancing India and China though the policy of non-alignment and equidistance, foreign and security policy makers never paid attention to reinvent the lesson for the same. Thus, this qualitative study recuperates the relevance of effective balancing as advocated by PN Shah in addressing the challenges surfaced while accommodating the interests of major powers. Most of the available literature on Divya Upadesh are either translated English versions, or limited to the analysis of the unification process. The relevance of an intersection of foreign policy and national security in Divya Upadesh is not unveiled by any of the available literature. Apprehending the same research gap, this study explores the contemporary significance of Divya Upadesh while devising the national security policies and strategies. Firstly, the contemporary challenges to Nepal’s national security prompted by Kathmandu’s struggle in accommodation of the interest of major powers is discussed; secondly, the policy of ‘balancing’ counseled by Prithivi Narayan Shah is emphasized as an apt and relevant in dealing with the contemporary challenges emanating from the neighborhood and beyond. Thirdly, “meticulous diplomacy,” is highlighted to offer economic shape to the act of balancing. Finally, it has been realized how studying history means studying causes, and as such, turning the pages of Divya Upadesh, policy makers discover the causes of Nepal’s failure in accommodating the interest of major powers.
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Fredricks, Karla, Hao Dinh, Manita Kusi, et al. "Community Health Workers and Disasters: Lessons Learned from the 2015 Earthquake in Nepal." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 6 (2017): 604–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1700680x.
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AbstractIntroductionThe Nepal earthquake of 2015 was a major disaster that exacted an enormous toll on human lives and caused extensive damage to the infrastructure of the region. Similar to other developing countries, Nepal has a network of community health workers (CHWs; known as female community health volunteers [FCHVs]) that was in place prior to the earthquake and continues to function to improve maternal and child health. These FCHVs and other community members were responsible, by default, for providing the first wave of assistance after the earthquake.Hypothesis/ProblemCommunity health workers such as FCHVs could be used to provide formal relief services in the event of an emergency, but there is a paucity of evidence-based literature on how to best utilize them in disaster risk reduction, preparedness, and response. Data are needed to further characterize the roles that this cadre has played in past disasters and what strategies can be implemented to better incorporate them into future emergency management.MethodsIn March 2016, key-informant interviews, FCHV interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted in Nepali health facilities using semi-structured guides. The audio-recorded data were obtained with the assistance of a translator (Nepali-English), transcribed verbatim in English, and coded by two independent researchers (manually and with NVivo 11 Pro software [QSR International; Melbourne, Australia]).ResultsAcross seven different regions, 14 interviews with FCHVs, two FGDs with community women, and three key-informant interviews were conducted. Four major themes emerged around the topic of FCHVs and the 2015 earthquake: (1) community care and rapport between FCHVs and local residents; (2) emergency response of FCHVs in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake; (3) training requested to improve the FCHVs’ ability to manage disasters; and (4) interaction with relief organizations and how to create collaborations that provide aid relief more effectively.ConclusionsThe FCHVs in Nepal provided multiple services to their communities in the aftermath of the earthquake, largely without any specific training or instruction. Proper preparation, in addition to improved collaboration with aid agencies, could increase the capacity of FCHVs to respond in the event of a future disaster. The information gained from this study of the FCHV experience in the Nepal earthquake could be used to inform risk reduction and emergency management policies for CHWs in various settings worldwide.FredricksK, DinhH, KusiM, YogalC, KarmacharyaBM, BurkeTF, NelsonBD. Community health workers and disasters: lessons learned from the 2015 earthquake in Nepal. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(6):604–609.
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Regmi, Lok Raj. "The Use of Literature in Language Teaching: A Pedagogical Approach from the Nepali Perspective." SCHOLARS: Journal of Arts & Humanities 4, no. 1 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sjah.v4i1.43048.
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The use of literature in language teaching is still contentious though literature occupies limited space in the language syllabi. The language teachers assume that literature has less contribution to language teaching, believing that literary materials are challenging to handle in the classroom. However, I believe that literary materials are rich in content and have the creative language use to contribute to language teaching. In this juncture, this study analyzes the use of literature in English language teaching in general and the pedagogical approaches to be practiced in particular by using qualitative and analytical research design. For this purpose, the three texts of literature: Katherine Mansfield’s “The Garden Party” (story), Kamala Das’s “An Introduction” (poem), and Anton Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard (drama) have been used as the primary texts to design the activities under three levels of interaction. These literary texts are analyzed to show the use and pedagogy of literature in language teaching. The study concludes that literature in language teaching contributes to the language development and aesthetic purpose. Exploring the literary texts involves students in (preliminary) interaction to draw the information of the text for conceptualization. Likewise, the activities under reading between the lines inculcate different skills in students such as discussing, analyzing, exploring and characterizing; and literary texts in beyond the text section involve students in aesthetic purpose-based activities in which students apply the critical lenses and create their own texts. This study provides many language teachers with insights to handle literary texts more effectively to sharpen students’ language, inferential and intellectual skills.
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Budhathoki, Mahendra Kumar. "Exploring the Representations of Caste and Ethnic Relations in Nepali Short Stories." Cognition 4, no. 1 (2022): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/cognition.v4i1.46449.
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Hindu society has different castes although the exact date of the origin of caste system is not known. Literary writers depict characters of different castes representing a Hindu society. This paper explored the representations of castes and ethnic relations in Hindu society presented in Nepali short stories. The writers have not prioritized more on the themes of castes, but depicted the interactions and interdependence of various castes to expose the other themes. To explore the representations of castes in Nepali short stories, a few representative short stories translated into English are randomly selected; the qualitative descriptive method was exploited to discuss the stories. The findings of the study are that the interactions and interdependence of characters from different castes produce the distinctive themes of the stories. The writers gave good names like Deviraman, Sitaram Pandit, Padmanidhi Lamichhane to upper caste characters, but exotic names like Chame, Juthe, Lukhure, etc. to so-called lower. Upper caste the Dware exploits a lower caste person Lukhure. The upper caste characters dominate the lower castes. Thus different castes are portrayed in the stories to squeeze the themes. Understanding the representations of castes in literature aids to analyse the condition of castes in the Hindu society.
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Gonzalez, R. N., P. Regmi, N. Aryal, and T. Akudjedu. "Mental Health Risk and Associated Factors in the Aftermath of the 2015 Earthquake in Nepal: A Systematic Literature Review." Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences 7, no. 1 (2021): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v7i1.43155.
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Background: In 2015, Nepal was struck by two massive earthquakes with magnitudes over the 7.0 Richter Scale, imposing short- and long-term mental health risks. This review aims to: (a) evaluate mental health risk among the earthquake survivors; and, (b) identify factors that influence it. Methods: The following databases: Scopus and PubMed were searched to identify studies published from 2015 to July 2020 on the mental health risk among the Nepali populations. Inclusion criteria were: (a) primary research related to mental health after the 2015 earthquakes in Nepal, (b) English language articles, (c) access to full-text literature, and (d) studies conducted on the general population of Nepal. Exclusion criteria were: (a) newspaper articles or other forms of popular media, (b) grey records and reviews or, (c) studies carried out among patients in a clinical setting. Key features and risk of bias factors were extracted from each study to obtain necessary characteristics for further analysis of results. Results: The initial search produced 134 articles, however, a total, 14 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were explored for this review. Ten of these articles were obtained from established databases, and four additional studies were obtained from other sources. Findings indicate that post-traumatic stress was mostly present among earthquake survivors with rates varying from 4.9% to 51%. Mental health risks for children and adolescent were mostly high with rates greater than 23% across studies. However, the adult prevalence rate for mental health risk was lower than that of children and adolescents, with most rates across studies lower than 20%. Socio-demographic factors (such as gender and age) and methodological heterogeneities such as variations in study design and mental health tools used to assess rates were associated factors that potentially influenced the findings. Conclusion: Mental health risks are present among earthquake survivors in Nepal. Various factors have been identified as potential mental health risk rate influencers including sex, with females presenting as the higher at-risk group for mental health relative to males. Methodological issues such as a wide range of mental health assessment instruments employed across studies can potentially impact rates.
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Anderson de Cuevas, Rachel Mary, Pooja Saini, Deborah Roberts, et al. "A systematic review of barriers and enablers to South Asian women’s attendance for asymptomatic screening of breast and cervical cancers in emigrant countries." BMJ Open 8, no. 7 (2018): e020892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020892.
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ObjectivesThe aim of this review was to identify the cultural, social, structural and behavioural factors that influence asymptomatic breast and cervical cancer screening attendance in South Asian populations, in order to improve uptake and propose priorities for further research.DesignA systematic review of the literature for inductive, comparative, prospective and intervention studies. We searched the following databases: MEDLINE/In-Process, Web of Science, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CENTRAL, CDSR, CINAHL, PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES from database inception to 23 January 2018. The review included studies on the cultural, social, structural and behavioural factors that influence asymptomatic breast and cervical cancer screening attendance and cervical smear testing (Papanicolaou test) in South Asian populations and those published in the English language. The framework analysis method was used and themes were drawn out following the thematic analysis method.SettingsAsymptomatic breast or cervical screening.ParticipantsSouth Asian women, including Bangladeshi, Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Bhutanese, Maldivian and Nepali populations.Results51 included studies were published between 1991 and 2018. Sample sizes ranged from 25 to 38 733 and participants had a mean age of 18 to 83 years. Our review showed that South Asian women generally had lower screening rates than host country women. South Asian women had poorer knowledge of cancer and cancer prevention and experienced more barriers to screening. Cultural practices and assumptions influenced understandings of cancer and prevention, emphasising the importance of host country cultures and healthcare systems.ConclusionsHigh-quality research on screening attendance is required using prospective designs, where objectively validated attendance is predicted from cultural understandings, beliefs, norms and practices, thus informing policy on targeting relevant public health messages to the South Asian communities about screening for cancer.PROSPERO registration numberCSD 42015025284.
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Karn, Sanjan Kumar. "This is How I Can Write: Towards Nepalese English Literature." Journal of NELTA 17, no. 1-2 (2013): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v17i1-2.8090.
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Nepalese English is arguably making its presence felt in virtually all domains in Nepal and English literature from Nepal is no exception. The study of creative writings in English by Nepalese literary authors exhibit typical Nepaleseness in such an amplitude that a distinctive English literature can be inferred to be in the making. This paper studies nativization in various genres of literature written in English in Nepal and also contends with the evidences that we have leapt towards Nepalese English literature considered from World Englishes literature perspective. Journal of NELTA, Vol. 17 No. 1-2, December 2012, Page 26-39 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v17i1-2.8090
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Marasini, Nabin Chandra. "Teaching English Language through Literature." NUTA Journal 6, no. 1-2 (2019): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nutaj.v6i1-2.23225.
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This paper seeks to examine the importance of literature in the English language classroom and looks at the effect of its use. Examples given will be mainly from personal experience gained from teaching Nepalese students. It is necessary to understand the importance of teaching English Language through literature in order to make language learning an enriching experience for students. The growing trend of learning English in Nepal has increased its significance as well. The uses of literature in the classroom explore the interesting uses of words, phrases and sounds in contexts. It, then, without human intervention increase students’ awareness of literary language and help them understand language better.
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Poudel, Ambika Prasad. "Enriching English in School Education: Some Problems and Principles." Rupantaran: A Multidisciplinary Journal 4, no. 1 (2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/rupantaran.v4i1.34012.
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English is a widely used language in international communication. It is a storehouse of knowledge that most of the books, and journal articles have been published in English, and it is the dominant language in the Internet. Realizing this fact, the government of Nepal has made English one of the core components of school education curricula. However, teaching and learning of English in the schools in Nepal has been influenced by several problems. Using systematic literature review as the methods, this article makes an attempt to highlight the major problems that exist in teaching and learning of English in school education in Nepal, and points out some principles for enriching English in the learners. This study has been expected to add at least some insights to those who are interested in enhancing English education in Nepal.
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SHNEIDERMAN, SARA, LUKE WAGNER, JACOB RINCK, AMY L. JOHNSON, and AUSTIN LORD. "Nepal's Ongoing Political Transformation: A review of post-2006 literature on conflict, the state, identities, and environments." Modern Asian Studies 50, no. 6 (2016): 2041–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x16000202.
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AbstractThis review article provides a reading guide to scholarly literature published in English about Nepal's political transformation since 2006, when Nepal's decade-long civil conflict between Maoist and state forces formally ended. The article is structured around four major themes: (1) the Maoist insurgency or ‘People's War’; (2) state formation and transformation; (3) identity politics; and (4) territorial and ecological consciousness. We also address the dynamics of migration and mobility in relation to all of these themes. Ultimately, we consider the Maoist movement as one element in a much broader process of transformation, which with the benefit of hindsight we can situate in relation to several other contemporaneous trajectories, including: democratization, identity-based mobilization, constitutional nationalism, international intervention, territorial restructuring, migration and the remittance economy, and the emergence of ecological and other new forms of consciousness. By looking across the disciplines at scholarship published on all of these themes, we aim to connect the dots between long-standing disciplinary traditions of scholarship on Nepal and more recent approaches to understanding the country's transformation.
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Yadav, Lekhnath. "Language Planning and Policy for Equal Footing and Justice in Federal Nepal." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 13, no. 1 (2018): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v13i1.20372.
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The present article makes an analysis drawing on research and the available literature of the language planning policy for equal footing and justice in federal Nepal. Language planning in Nepal has been largely dominated by the political scenario of Nepal. Nepal has focused on poverty reduction in all of its national plans and policies since 1990. The discourse of ‘development’ in late capitalism is largely dominated by economic perspective. It invokes the globalization, a free market economy where corporate power addresses the needs of educational and economic policies and planning to address the needs of the global market, rather than focusing on the everyday local needs of people. However, the ideology of development – as – economic – growth disregards social justice and equity. Nepal’s educational policies, largely driven by donors, embracing the global ideology. The ideology of language planning is problematic as the minority is doomed to remain in the verge of getting marginalized. In federal Nepal, English language needs to be taught as a subject, rather than used for the medium of instruction in order to bring each and every rank and file on the equal footing. As such the language planning in Nepal under the federal system should be based on the principle of social justice that ensures equality in educational opportunities.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2017, 13(1): 232-238
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Shrestha, Rup Narayan, Bharat Raj Pahari, and Jai Raj Awasthi. "Impact of English on the Career of Engineering Students: A Brief Overview in G(local) Context." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 11, no. 1 (2016): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v11i1.14714.
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The present article highlights the importance of the English language in the career of the students of engineering both in global and local contexts. The main objective of this article is to explore the impact of English language on the career of the students of engineering all over the world in general and in Nepal in particular. Based primarily on the literature review for the necessary data, it reveals the fact that the English language is a most essential language for the students of engineering not only in Nepal but it is equally relevant in the global context as well. It suggests that there is widespread application of English language in the feld of engineering. Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2015, 11(1): 182-188
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Shrestha, Rup Narayan, Jai Raj Awasthi, and Bharat Raj Pahari. "Impact of English Language Proficiency on the Quality of Job Execution of Engineers in and outside Nepal: A Study at a Glance." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 1 (2020): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i1.27742.
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 The present research article attempts to explore some facts about the importance of English language proficiency on the execution of engineering jobs all over the world in general and in Nepal in particular. Based mainly on the review of literature available in the internet and some other local resources, this paper highlights that English language proficiency is indispensable for the engineering graduates both outside and inside Nepal in the present day situation for the successful execution of engineering jobs. The findings reveal that mere technical knowledge about core engineering subjects may not suffice in the engineering area unless engineers are well-equipped with sufficient communication skills in English as engineering has inherent intimate relationship with English language as a medium worldwide.
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Agrawal, Santosh. "Professional English Communication for Engineers in Nepal." Journal of Advanced Academic Research 3, no. 2 (2017): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v3i2.16751.
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This article is focused on the nature, needs and problems of the professional communications of the engineers in Nepal. It includes a number of significant aspects of the engineering professional communication with the use of English language. The study is an outcome of a survey of several aspects of the engineering profession, study of several relevant literature and the contact to a number of experts associated with the field of professional communication. The researchers in the field of professional communication require being more and more specific according to the changing specific needs of the professionals in the modern context today. It is necessary to pinpoint the nature of engineering professional skills, in order to save the time and other resources, if they are not properly utilized to achieve the set goals. The researchers in the past along with the students over here, are aware of the necessity of making more and more researches in the field of professional communication of the engineers in order to minimize the communicative problems of the engineers on one hand and to show a proper and adequate specific path in the areas of teaching and learning the specific skills of communication on the other. The sole purpose of the present research article is to indicate a number of measures to be applied to better the communicative situations of the engineers both during their study and at work. Hence a number of tentative suggestions and recommendations have been drawn following the conclusion of the article.Journal of Advanced Academic Research Vol. 3, No. 2, 2016, page: 14-21
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Thapaliya, Mukti Prakash. "Teaching Short Story through Critical Thinking (CT) Strategies." Journal of NELTA 17, no. 1-2 (2013): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v17i1-2.8101.
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This paper is an attempt to reveal the effectiveness of Critical Thinking (CT) strategies in teaching English literature in general and short stories in particular. Critiquing against the conventional teacher dominated practices in English Language Teaching (ELT) in Nepal, this also offers a set of critical thinking strategies in order to make it more participatory and effective. This heavily draws on my experience of exploiting those techniques while teaching short stories in EFL/ESL classroom in Nepal. Journal of NELTA, Vol. 17 No. 1-2, December 2012, Page 93-103 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v17i1-2.8101
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Shrestha, Rup Narayan, Jai Raj Awasthi, and Bharat Raj Pahari. "Impact of English Language Proficiency on the Job Grabbing Process of Engineers in Nepal and the Other Countries: A Bird's Eye View." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 14, no. 1 (2018): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v14i1.20088.
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This paper presents the findings of a research carried out on the impact of English language proficiency on the job grabbing process of the engineers in Nepal and a few other countries. Based mainly on the review of literature that were available in the internet websites, this paper sheds light on the facts that the English language proficiency is extremely important for the global engineers today. It reveals that the ability to communicate in English efficiently in their workplace is of paramount importance for engineers not only in Nepal but also in the other countries. In the present day context, the employers want to hire merely those candidates who possess sufficient proficiency in English.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2018, 14(1): 223-234
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Pandey, Gopal Prasad. "English Language Teaching as a Career in Nepal: Social Motives and Drives." Nepal Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 4, no. 2 (2021): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njmr.v4i2.39017.
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Research on teacher motivation has developed and expanded since the beginning of the 21st the century and now there is a considerable increase in literature in the areas of teacher motivation research. A number of research studies have been conducted to gain insights into pre-service and in-service teachers’ reasons for choosing teaching as a career. This study aimed at exploring the social motives and drives that force individuals to opt English language teaching as a career. It also aimed at investigating perceived satisfaction level of the participants. Five teachers of English who have been teaching English at different levels of education in Nepal for twelve years now participated in this study. The narrative inquiry approach was adopted as a research design for this study. Interview was used as a method for data collection. The study revealed that social motives, beliefs and individual desires are integral for choosing English language teaching as a career in Nepal. The love for the subject, the social prestige the English teachers deserved and the passion for teaching are some of the dominant reasons regarding why individuals chose ELT as careers in Nepal. Another frequently highlighted reason for career choice among teachers was a desire to work with children and adolescents. They think that the career as an English teacher also provides them with the opportunity to make a social contribution. So, altruistic motivations are highlighted as one the important reasons for deciding to choose English teacher as a career in Nepal.
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Timsina, Lok Nath. "Challenges of Teaching English as a Foreign Language in Nepal." Researcher: A Research Journal of Culture and Society 5, no. 1 (2021): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/researcher.v5i1.41522.
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This article has presented the difficulties and challenges faced by teachers in teaching English as a foreign language in Nepal. The main objective of the article is to describe the challenges in teaching English in the countries where it is not spoken as a mother tongue. The primary data were collected from three English teachers who have been teaching English in basic level at community schools located in Madhyapur Thimi Municipality, Bhaktapur. Field observation and in-depth interviews were the major tools for data collection. From the interviews and the available literature, some challenges of teaching English as a foreign language in our context have been drawn. The result shows that the teachers encounter the challenges inside the classroom with the knowledge of teacher and students, outside of it with parents and unfavorable environment, some challenges are related to languages and others are related to the curriculum, textbooks and the policy of the government. The findings of the study is beneficial to the teachers, researchers, school administrators, policy makers, curriculum developers and textbook writers to obtain the fruitful results in teaching English in Nepal.
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Shrestha, Rup Narayan, Bharat Raj Pahari, and Jai Raj Awasthi. "Importance of English in Engineering for Professional Communication: A Study in the Nepalese Context." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 12, no. 1 (2017): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v12i1.16906.
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This article attempts to highlight the importance of English in the professional communication in the field of engineering in Nepal. The main objective of the article is to shed light on the role English language plays in the communication related to engineering. Based primarily on the review of some relevant literature available, the present article reveals the fact that English being one of the global languages used in a wide range of communicative fields all over the world, it serves as an important tool for professional communication in engineering in Nepal.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2016, 12(1): 222-227
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Banerjee, Indrajit, Jared Robinson, Abhishek Kashyap, Poornasha Mohabeer, Ananya Shukla, and Alexandra Leclézio. "The changing pattern of COVID-19 in Nepal: A Global concern- A Narrative Review." Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 10, no. 2 (2020): 845–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v10i2.29769.
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This narrative review of the literature aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the younger age group in terms of the Global mortality of COVID-19 in comparison to Nepal. An extensive literature survey of English literature was conducted using Pubmed, Medline, Google Scholar, Embase, WHO Nepal Situation Updates on COVID-19, Situation update report, Ministry of Health and Population-Nepal from January 25, 2020 to June20, 2020. According to the Ministry of Health and population of The Government of Nepal, as of June 20 , 2020, out of a total of 8,605 laboratory confirmed cases reported to date, the pattern shows that most of the cases fell into the cohort of 21-30 years (37.72%), followed by 11-20 years (24.35 %), 31-40 years (21.97%) and 41-50 years (9.2%). To date Nepal has recorded a total of twenty-two deaths. At first evaluation thesefigures may not strike one as alarming, but on further investigation it is noted that the mean age is 42. 32 ± 19.632 SD years, and out of which male patients accounted for 77.3% and female accounted for 22.7%. The current situation of COVID-19 and how it develops in Nepal should be closely monitored and could be of international concern as it may be the early indicator of a changing pattern in COVID-19 infections. Nepal maytherefore act as a global watch dog, due to the fact that the world could very possibly expose the younger age group under the notion that they are more resilient to the virus, when in reality that notion may be changing. This trend must be monitored and further investigated in order to establish the risk of the events unfolding in Nepal.
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Shrestha, Rup Narayan, Bharat Pahari, and Jai Raj Awasti. "Impact of English Language Teaching and Learning through Language Laboratory in Engineering in Nepal." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 10, no. 1 (2014): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v10i1.10882.
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The present article discusses the importance of language, in general, and English, in particular, in the context of engineering education in Nepal. It mainly discusses the importance and application of language laboratory for the enhancement of skills and proficiency of English language in the learners of Bachelor's level in engineering in Nepal. The main objective of the present article is to highlight the importance of teaching and learning of English language in the B.E. level in engineering by using language laboratory. In course of the present study, literature available in different accessible sources was reviewed for collecting necessary data and designing theoretical framework for the same. From the study, it has been found that language laboratory is tremendously helpful in creating favourable atmoshphere for language learning and helping the learners to acquire necessary language skills useful to them in sharpening their study at present and streamlining their research and innovative activities in their further studies in the future. English language is now the language of worldwide communication, and therefore, it is very essential for the students of engineering to be proficient in communication through English not only for grabbing job opportunities open at present but also to furthering their future research and innovative endeavors and publishing their reports and research articles based on them. Language Laboratory is highly instrumental for attaining ample proficiency in English language, the means of global communication.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v10i1.10882Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2014, pp. 94–103
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Parajuli, Babita. "EMI as a Form of Cultural Hegemony." Marsyangdi Journal 3, no. 1 (2022): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mj.v3i1.47950.
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This paper aims to provide critical analysis of the relevant literature, particularly focusing on how English as a Medium of Instruction has promoted cultural hegemony in the context of developing countries. The descriptive summary from the documentary analysis of recent literature helps to develop the argument on different themes. This paper reports that the current trend of adopting English as the medium of instruction is one of the forms of cultural hegemony as the government endorses EMI policy in the national curriculum focusing to develop English competence as the determiner of quality education, index of socioeconomic status and the foundation of students‟ career. Moreover, it indicates that EMI has served the elites to channelize their power and hegemony resulting the wider educational gaps, socio-economic inequality, marginalisation of the local languages, confusion in educational language policies, linguistic and cultural identity crisis and implementational challenges in theory and practice levels. It is significant to understand the practice and outcomes of EMI in the different educational settings in many multicultural countries including Nepal. The paper suggests developing critical discourses among the stakeholders, policymakers, educators and parents to create the appropriate model of multilingual pedagogy to prevent the English hegemony.
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Ghimire, Shurendra, and Kamal Prasad Koirala. "“Neoprivatisation” in Public Schools in Nepal." Journal of Education and Research 9, no. 1 (2019): 46–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jer.v9i1.28824.
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This article introduces the term “neoprivatisation” in the literature of economics of education. It exposes the consequence of privatisation in education to public school by taking a community as a case and studying in a mixed-method paradigm. The study uncovers that public schools suffer from lesser preference by parents, and underuse or misuse of public expenditure, so that, like private schools, have added the facilities of English medium, extra-class, preparing students for test by charging fees, as well as advertising to attract more students. As a result, the narrow focus to achievement score rather than developing qualities in students as expected by curriculum has threatened the presumption of ‘quality education’; and the commodification and commercialisation of education along with diminishing professional accountability of teacher victimise students with the undue burden of irrational extra-classes and fees. Therefore, the added facilities rouse for discriminating students in access to education and larceny of ‘right to free education’. These undesirable phenomena are the consequences of privatisation in education, which has been thus conceptualized as “neoprivatisation”.
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Puri, Gobinda. "Global Englishes and their Impact on Teaching." Journal of NELTA 26, no. 1-2 (2021): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v26i1-2.45200.
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English, a means of global communication for international diplomacy, trade, work, media, and academics, has been inclusively recognized as Global Englishes (GE). This paper reviews the wider spread of English throughout the world from GE perspective and examines its impacts on the teaching of English. Moreover, it argues for the significance of GE informed pedagogy, which incorporates codeswitching, polylanguaging or translanguaging, with due respect to the diversity of English in Nepal’s context. By reviewing and analyzing related literature, it reports that GE perspective, as a paradigm that also includes World Englishes, English as Lingua Franca, English as an International Language and translanguaging, provides a new perspective for teaching English against the monolingual ‘Standard English Model’ pedagogy. Researchers have developed the teaching strategies incorporating the major themes of GE and reported positive as well as negative attitudes of the stakeholders in various contexts. This article has research and pedagogic implications as it provides useful insights for teachers and researchers for further research in this area.
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Leclézio, Alexandra, Jared Robinson, and Indrajit Banerjee. "SUNLIGHT AND SARS-COV-2: CAN SUNLIGHT AND UV EXPOSURE MITIGATE THE PROPAGATION OF COVID-19?" Journal of Chitwan Medical College 11, no. 3 (2021): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.420.
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Background: This review aims to assess the contributing role of sunlight on mitigating the propagation of COVID-19, and to assess how sunlight as well as artificial UV light may be a natural, more cost effective and eco-friendly method of disinfection which can be implemented in order to help to combat this rampant pandemic. Methods: An extensive literature survey of English literature was conducted using Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Medline, Google Scholar and WHO Nepal Situation Updates on COVID-19. A combination of keywords was entered: “Sunlight” OR “Disinfection”; OR “Ultraviolet Rays”; OR “SARS-CoV-2”; OR “Coronavirus Disease 2019”; OR “COVID 19”; AND ‘Nepal’. Results: Sunlight is composed of UVA (95%) and UVB (5%) radiation, UVB is most effective to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and does so by damaging the RNA genome of the virus, and increasing levels of reactive oxygen species in the air. SARS-CoV-2 is nullified by a UVB flux of 28 J/m2, and needs to be exposed for a sufficient duration depending on the time of day, season, geographic location or the specific locality, in order to be inactivated. Conclusion: Developing countries could benefit from taking advantage of using sunlight as a cost-free and environmentally friendly method of disinfection. It is imperative that all countries capitalize on this method of disinfection, it is cost-free, easy and therefore can be implemented on a large scale with relative ease.
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Adhikari, Bal Ram. "Student Teachers’ Views on Grammar and Grammar Teaching, and its Communication to their Students." Journal of NELTA 22, no. 1-2 (2018): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v22i1-2.20044.
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The present article builds on the study entitled “English Grammar: Views of Student Teachers and Communication of Grammar to their Students” carried out under and submitted to University Grants Commission, Nepal. The study adopted the mixed-methods of questionnaire and semi-structured classroom observation. Against a brief theoretical background of grammar and grammar teaching and review of the related literature, the article presents respondent teachers’ views on grammar and grammar teaching collected by means of a set of questionnaire. Their views are further compared with the classroom data collected by observation. It is found that there is a lack of congruence between the teachers’ views, and their actual classroom practices in the areas, such as methods, techniques, resources and activities. Finally, the article presents conclusion and some pedagogical recommendations for teachers and teacher educators. Journal of NELTA , Vol. 22, No. 1-2, 2017 December, page: 89-102
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Gongal, D. N., and G. Sharma. "Incidence of Wound Infection after cholecystectomy with or without appendicectomy." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 20, no. 64 (2003): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.1757.
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From the 1st of September 1978 to the end of August 1979 one hundred and one patients undrewent laprotomy for gall-stones and gall-bladder diseases in the Department of Surgery, Bir Hospital, All operations were performed by one team. Among-them seventeen were males (16.8%) and eighty four females (83.2%). Cholecystectomy and appendicectomy were performed in fortyseven patients, among them nine patients underwent choledochotomy as well. Postoperative wound infection after cholecystectomy. cholecystectomy with choledochotomy and removal of the gall bladder with appendicectomy was 5.9, 10 and 10.6 percent respectively. Despite high incidence of wound sepsis after biliary surgery with appendicectomy the later procedure is advocated during routine cholecystectomy, because there are very few hospitals in Nepal where facilities for laparotomy exist, and review of English literature has revealed a number of references to concomitant cholecystic - appendiceal disease. These reports refer to the high incidence of unsuspected pathological process within the appendex as a indication for its removal at the time of elective cholecystectomy.
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Moreno Arias, Erika Samanta, Susana Janeth Peña Cordero, and Isabel Cristina Mesa-Cano. "Mortality rate and risk factors in adolescent pregnancy systemic review." Pro Sciences: Revista de Producción, Ciencias e Investigación 6, no. 42 (2022): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.29018/issn.2588-1000vol6iss42.2022pp291-300.
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Teenage pregnancy has become a public health problem, with high percentages worldwide, which is why it is important to intervene to generate public policies that will help to reduce teenage pregnancy. Objective: To determine the mortality rate and risk factors in adolescent pregnancy through a literature review. Methodology: A systematic review based on PRISMA was carried out in different databases such as: Web of Science, Scielo, Medline, Scopus, the key words were: Pregnancy, Adolescence, Women, Mortality, Risks and the languages searched were Spanish and English. Results: Twelve articles were analyzed, and it was found that the highest prevalence percentage was 56% in Nepal, followed by a prevalence of 26.50% in Israel. Equal prevalence of 18% were found in Ecuador, and prevalence of 17% and 17.70% in Brazil. However, the lowest prevalence identified was 5.80% also in Ecuador for 2015. The main causes of death in pregnant adolescents were hypertensive disorders (28%), puerperal infection (16%), hemorrhage (12%), thromboembolism (12%) and abortion (10%). Conclusion: Increase intervention programs that help adolescents to be clear about contraceptive methods and family planning to reduce teenage pregnancy.
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Moreno Arias, Erika Samanta, Susana Janeth Peña Cordero, and Isabel Cristina Mesa-Cano. "Mortality rate and risk factors in adolescent pregnancy systemic review." Pro Sciences: Revista de Producción, Ciencias e Investigación 6, no. 42 (2022): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.29018/issn.2588-1000vol6iss42.2022pp291-300.
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Teenage pregnancy has become a public health problem, with high percentages worldwide, which is why it is important to intervene to generate public policies that will help to reduce teenage pregnancy. Objective: To determine the mortality rate and risk factors in adolescent pregnancy through a literature review. Methodology: A systematic review based on PRISMA was carried out in different databases such as: Web of Science, Scielo, Medline, Scopus, the key words were: Pregnancy, Adolescence, Women, Mortality, Risks and the languages searched were Spanish and English. Results: Twelve articles were analyzed, and it was found that the highest prevalence percentage was 56% in Nepal, followed by a prevalence of 26.50% in Israel. Equal prevalence of 18% were found in Ecuador, and prevalence of 17% and 17.70% in Brazil. However, the lowest prevalence identified was 5.80% also in Ecuador for 2015. The main causes of death in pregnant adolescents were hypertensive disorders (28%), puerperal infection (16%), hemorrhage (12%), thromboembolism (12%) and abortion (10%). Conclusion: Increase intervention programs that help adolescents to be clear about contraceptive methods and family planning to reduce teenage pregnancy.
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Ganekal, Sunil. "Retinal functional imager (RFI): Non-invasive functional imaging of the retina." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 5, no. 2 (2013): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i2.8738.
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Retinal functional imager (RFI) is a unique non-invasive functional imaging system with novel capabilities for visualizing the retina. The objective of this review was to show the utility of non-invasive functional imaging in various disorders. Electronic literature search was carried out using the websites www.pubmed.gov and www.google.com. The search words were retinal functional imager and non-invasive retinal imaging used in combination. The articles published or translated into English were studied. The RFI directly measures hemodynamic parameters such as retinal blood-flow velocity, oximetric state, metabolic responses to photic activation and generates capillary perfusion maps (CPM) that provides retinal vasculature detail similar to flourescein angiography. All of these parameters stand in a direct relationship to the function and therefore the health of the retina, and are known to be degraded in the course of retinal diseases. Detecting changes in retinal function aid early diagnosis and treatment as functional changes often precede structural changes in many retinal disorders. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(10): 250-257 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i2.8738
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Amat Camacho, Nieves, Khem Karki, Shiva Subedi, and Johan von Schreeb. "International Emergency Medical Teams in the Aftermath of the 2015 Nepal Earthquake." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, no. 03 (2019): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19004291.
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AbstractIntroduction:International Emergency Medical Teams’ (I-EMTs) response to disasters has been characterized by a late arrival, an over-focus on trauma care, and a lack of coordination and accountability mechanisms. Analysis of I-EMT performance in past and upcoming disasters is deemed necessary to improve future response.Objective:This study aimed to describe the characteristics, timing, and activities of I-EMTs deployed to the 2015 Nepal earthquake, and to assess their registration and adherence to the World Health Organization Emergency Medical Teams’ (WHO-EMT; Geneva, Switzerland) minimum standards compared to past disasters.Methods:An online literature search was performed and key web sites related to I-EMT deployments were purposively examined. The methodology used is reported following the STARLITE principles. All articles and documents in English containing information about characteristics, timing, and activities of I-EMTs during Nepal 2015 were included in the study. Data were retrieved from selected sources to compile the results following a systematic approach. The findings were validated by the Nepalese focal point for the coordination of I-EMTs after the earthquake.Results:Overall, 137 I-EMTs deployed from 36 countries. They were classified as Type I (65%), Type II (15%), Type III (1%), and specialized cells (19%). Although national teams remained the first responders, two regional I-EMTs arrived within the first 24 hours post-earthquake. According to daily reporting, the activities performed by I-EMTs included 28,372 out-patient consultations (comprising 6,073 trauma cases); 1,499 in-patient admissions; and 440 major surgeries. The activities reported by I-EMTs during their deployment were significantly lower than the capacities they offered at arrival. Over 80% of I-EMTs registered through WHO or national registration mechanisms, but daily reporting of activities by I-EMTs was low. The adherence of I-EMTs to WHO-EMT standards could not be assessed due to lack of data.Conclusion:The I-EMT response to the Nepal earthquake was quicker than in previous disasters, and registration and follow-up of I-EMTs was better. Still, there is need to improve I-EMT coordination, reporting, and quality assurance while strengthening national EMT capacity.Amat Camacho N, Karki K, Subedi S, von Schreeb J. International Emergency Medical Teams in the aftermath of the 2015 Nepal earthquake. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(3):260–264.
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Dhakal, Shankar. "Appositeness of Teacher Training for In-Service EFL Teachers in Real Teaching Context." Journal of NELTA 21, no. 1-2 (2016): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v21i1-2.20208.
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There are various ways for EFL teachers to grow professionally. Attending workshops and training programs are believed to foster their upward mobility. At the same time, different teachers come up with numerous challenges in their classroom with the change of time. So, the learning they had in their college and university level may not always help them to dissolve all the problems in their diverse classroom settings. In this context, this small-scale study is explores whether the insights teachers get from the workshops and the trainings conducted by Nepal English Language Teachers’ Association (NELTA) are applicable and they contribute to liquefy the challenges EFL teachers face in their classroom. Drawing on the findings of this study and the support from the literature, it has been justified that training programs help teachers to grow professionally, but they can hardly apply the knowledge and skills they learn in their real classroom situations. With the help of data collected through the interview, it is crystallized that trainings have been almost unsuccessful to help the teachers cope with ever changing professional world. Journal of NELTA, Vol. 21, No. 1-2, 2016, Page:121-127
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Mesheznikov, Artiom V. "New Fragments of the Sanskrit Lotus Sūtra in the Serindia Manuscript Collection (IOM, RAS)." Written Monuments of the Orient 8, no. 2 (2023): 36–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.55512/wmo114792.
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The present work deals with the four previously unpublished fragments of the Sanskrit Lotus Sūtra kept in the Serindia Collection in the subcollection of N.F. Petrovsky under the call numbers SI 2098 (2 fragments), SI 3693, SI 3694. These fragments have some points in common considering the information about the codicological and paleographical features. The fragments present a remarkable similarity to each other in terms of material, type of script and ductus of the writing. It is estimated that the original complete folios of the manuscripts had 7 lines and the same presumable dimensions. On these grounds it is very probable that the four fragments belong to one and the same manuscript. Apart from this, the analysis of text makes it clear that the two fragments under the call number SI 2098 are the two almost conjoining parts of one and the same folio. The article includes transliteration and English translation of the fragments, their comparison with the corresponding text from the Kashgar manuscript of N.F. Petrovsky and with the text of the Kern Nanjio edition. As a result of comparing the text of the fragments with the texts representing two currently known Sanskrit versions of the Lotus Sūtra (the Gilgit-Nepalese and the Central Asian) it becomes possible to assume that our fragments are closer to the Central Asian version. Fragments containing the texts of this version are of particular interest and utmost importance for the textual history of the Sanskrit Lotus Sūtra, because such texts represent the earlier stage of textual development of the Sūtra than the Sanskrit texts from Nepal and Gilgit that show more modern and remodeled variant.
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Abu Suhaiban, Grasser, and Javanbakht. "Mental Health of Refugees and Torture Survivors: A Critical Review of Prevalence, Predictors, and Integrated Care." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13 (2019): 2309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132309.
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Civilian war trauma and torture rank among the most traumatic life experiences; exposure to such experiences is pervasive in nations experiencing both internal and external conflict. This has led to a high volume of refugees resettling throughout the world with mental health needs that primary care physicians may not be screening for and prepared to effectively address. In this article, we review the literature on demographics, predictors, mental health outcomes of torture, and integrated care for the mental health needs of refugees. We searched PubMed and PSYCINFO databases for original research articles on refugees and mental health published in the English language between 2010 and present. Nine percent of 720 adults in conflict areas in Nepal, with predominance of literate married males, met the threshold for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), 27.5% for depression, and 22.9% for anxiety. While, PTSD rate has been documented as high as 88.3% among torture survivors from Middle East (ME), Central Africa (CA), South Asia (SA), Southeast Europe (SE). Depression was recorded as high as 94.7% among 131 African torture survivors and anxiety as high as 91% among 55 South African torture survivors. Torture severity, post-migration difficulties, and wait time to receive clinical services were significantly associated with higher rate of mental health symptoms. Mental health screening is not a standard component of initial physical exams for refugees, yet these individuals have had high trauma exposure that should inform clinical care. Integrated care models are lacking but would greatly benefit this community to prevent progression to greater severity of mental health symptoms.
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Shakya, S., T. Choosong, K. Techato, et al. "Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) Traceable to Household Fuel Consumption and its Impact on Health." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 19, no. 1 (2021): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v19i1.49597.
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Energy is an essential and obligatory prerequisite of life. Indoor air pollution is one of the biggest environmental problems in the world being specifically concentrated in resource limited settings. Inspite of the availability of cleaner fuel technologies, people in resource limited setting still depend on traditional fuel to meet their basic needs resulting even in premature deaths. In Nepal people in rural areas are the pre-dominant users of biomass fuel, there is limited research focusing on rural areas particularly; women as they spend most of their time in kitchen. Reports were extensively searched for literature using preset keywords in English language peer-reviewed journals databases PubMed and Google Scholar published between the years 2005 to 2020. Citation details were examined, titles and abstracts screened for eligibility and if relevant, full text was also reviewed in greater detail. Findings were then presented primarily under two bold themes: Household fuel consumption: existing theories and evidence; and health impact of indoor air pollution. Several health effects were reported of indoor air pollution including respiratory illnesses, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, endocrine system disruption and pregnancy complications. These exposures almost double the health risks predominantly among children and women of rural communities as they are directly involved in household activities causing air pollution. Based on our review of evidence, women and children of rural households were the major victims. Further, determinants of household fuel consumption and health effects should be considered while formulating policies in regard to promoting accessibility of clean fuels and reducing household air pollutants.
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Dwijayanti, Novia, and Mufdlilah Mufdlilah. "Factors Influencing The Growth and Development of Children with Stunting, Scoping Review." Women, Midwives and Midwifery 2, no. 1 (2022): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36749/wmm.2.1.40-57.2022.
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Background: Data related to stunting rates known by country include Thailand (10.5%), Sri Lanka (27.3%), Maldives (20.3%), North Korea (27.9%), Myanmar (29.2%). ), Bhutan (33.6%), Nepal (35.8%), Bangladesh (36.1%), Timor Leste (50.2%), India (38.4%), and Indonesia (36.4% ). Referring to the results of the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) conducted every 5 years, it is known that the percentage of stunting in Indonesia has decreased from 37.2% in 2013 to 30.8% in 2018. Growth and development are closely related to stunting are considered an important indicator of inequality in child health. This can be caused by several factors, both before and after giving birth in the developmental phase, including poor nutrition, household environment, and parents' education and economy. Research Objectives: This study aims to systematically map the research carried out in this field and identify factors that influence stunting growth and development. Methods: The method used is Prism Flowchart (Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic review and Meta-Analyses). It is used to describe the flow of the literature search. Article searches were conducted using 3 databases (PubMed, Wiley, and ProQuest). The inclusion criteria for articles are articles published in 2015-2020, in English and discuss the Factors Affecting the Growth and Development of Children with Stunting. The article search flow is described using the PRISMA Flowchart, while the article quality assessment is carried out using Hawker and CASP. The next stage is the preparation of data and reporting of results. Result: Based on the critical appraisal results from 12 articles that have been selected through the cross-sectional method, 11 articles were obtained (A1, A2 A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A10, A11, A12) and 1 study cohort article (A9). Based on the quality of the articles that have undergone critical appraisal, it was found that several articles obtained grade B (A1, A2, A3, A4, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10, A11, A12) and 1 article received grade D (A5). Conclusion: The findings from this scoping review are that the child's gender, child's age, mother's age, mother's education, mother's occupation, wealth, economy, nutritional status before and after giving birth, clean water sanitation, latrine management, hygiene, and environmental factors, have an effect on stunting which may hinder the growth and development of children in the future.
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Artha, Rafika Septia, Dadan Suryana, and Farida Mayar. "E-Comic: Media for Understanding Flood Disaster Mitigation in Early Childhood Education." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 14, no. 2 (2020): 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.142.12.
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The existence of several early childhood education institutions in Indonesia, such as in the Riau Province region, often faces the risk of catastrophic floods overflowing the Kampar River resulting in casualties. The results of preliminary research found that children lacked insight into flood disaster mitigation, and schools did not have appropriate mitigation programs or media. This study aims to develop a product in the form of an E-Comic to introduce flood disaster mitigation in a practical and effective early childhood education. Research and development procedures in this study using the ADDIE model. The data collection techniques for this study were the results of expert validation, practicality tests, and media effectiveness tests on children aged 5-6 years using the mitigation understanding instrument and descriptive statistical analysis of Aiken's V validation. Flood disaster is very suitable for use in early childhood learning, with the average Aiken's V result by material experts is 89% and media expert is 96%. E-Comic practicality with an average percentage of 85.5% and effectiveness test results with an average value of 90%. It can be concluded that the E-Comic introduction of flood disaster mitigation in Kindergarten children is suitable for use as a learning medium and has a practical and effective quality.
 Keywords: E-Comic, Flood Disaster Mitigation
 References:
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Khadka, Kul Bahadur. "The Evolution of Children’s Literature." Journal of Development Review, December 31, 2020, 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jdr.v5i1.51133.
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Children’s literature is literature for children and about children, maybe written by children or adult writers. The article sheds lights on the meaning and importance of children’s literature. It mainly focuses on how children’s literature in general has been evolving in the English and Nepali contexts of literary history. Some writers and their books have been consulted and some critics’ opinions have been cited in order to find out the general trends of the evolution of children’s literature. Efforts have been made to observe some commonalties and contrasts in the evolution trends between children’s literature, mainly in English, and children’s literature in Nepal. It is observed that the sources and themes of children’s literature are similar both in English and Nepali. The oral trend of sharing folk and mythic stories is also similar in both cases. Writing books that can be leveled as children’s literature started very late in Nepal, however the story-telling tradition in village houses by grandparents, parents and uncles is very old.
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Dewan, Shankar. "Bilinguals’ Creativity in Nepali English: Sheeba Shah’s Novel The Other Queen." Scholars' Journal, December 31, 2021, 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/scholars.v4i1.42461.
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This paper attempted to address the issues related to bilinguals’ creativity in Nepali English and their implications for World Englishes in the Nepali context. I purposively selected Sheeba Shah’s (2018) novel The Other Queen, went through the contents, and examined the language used in the novel to investigate the linguistic and literary creativity. In this paper, I employed a theoretical framework derived from Kachru (1985) to describe how English is nativised in the Nepali context to convey the Nepali socio-cultural, political as well as historical information, and explore how Nepali literature written in English exhibits typical bilingual creativity of the Nepali writer. I found that the bilingual writer adopted different linguistic and literary strategies such as direct lexical transfer, code-switching, hybridisation, metaphors and proverbs, loan translation, and nativised discourse strategies to convey a distinct sense of Nepaliness. Evidences justify that the bilinguals’ creativity contributes to develop new canons in Nepali English literature.
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"History of English Translations and its Influence on Nepali Literature." Translation Today 10, no. 1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.46623/tt/2016.10.1.ar3.
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Götz, Sandra. "Non-Canonical Syntax in South Asian Varieties of English: A Corpus-Based Pilot Study on Fronting." Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 65, no. 3 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaa-2017-0028.
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AbstractIn the present paper, I present a pilot study on fronting in six South Asian Varieties of English, i.e. Indian English (IndE), Bangladeshi English (BgE), Sri Lankan English (SLE), Nepali English (NpE) and Pakistani English (PkE) as compared to their historical input variety, i.e. British English (BrE). For each of these varieties, based on the
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Thapa, Dharma Bahadur. "Representation of the West and the Ideological Position of the Author in Belayettira Baralinda." Saptagandaki Journal, December 31, 2021, 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sj.v12i12.46153.
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Written by Tana Sarma Belayettira Baralinda [Roaming through England] is a pioneering work of travel account in Nepali literature. It recounts the author’s observations of European society during the mid-sixties of the twentieth century. The purpose of this paper is to see whether the author accepts the hegemonic discourse of the west of its progress and civilization or resists and contests it. For the textual analysis, it uses Antonio Gramsci’s concept of Hegemony, Michel Foucault’s Discourse theory and Edward Said’s notion of Orientalism and the generic parameters of travel writing. As the original text is in Nepali, the writer has translated the cited parts into English and wherever is necessary, the Nepali is also used followed by its English equivalent. This review finds that it undoubtedly is a classic work of travelogue in Nepalese literature which presents a vivid picture of Europe of the mid-sixties of the twentieth century. It is more varied and surpasses its predecessors like Jungabahadurko Belayet Yatra and it is more analytical and multifaceted. It has saved itself from the fault of admiring the west without being objective and critical. Thematically, it covers three areas: admiration of the west as the place of progress, plenty and freedom, sporadic critiquing its inhumanity and the expression of authorial ethos in the description of the west. The paper concludes that, despite sporadic moments of critiquing, Sarma’s travel account approves western hegemonic discourse.
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Rademaker, Candice, Shital Bhandary, and Helena Harder. "Knowledge, awareness, attitudes and screening practices towards breast and cervical cancer among women in Nepal: a scoping review." Journal of Public Health, December 22, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-021-01688-7.
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Abstract Aim Breast and cervical cancers have emerged as major global health challenges and disproportionately affect women in low- and middle-income countries, including Nepal. This scoping review aimed to map the knowledge, attitudes and screening practices for these cancers among Nepali women to improve cancer outcomes and reduce inequality. Methods Five electronic databases (CINAHL, Embase, Global Health, PsycINFO and PubMed), grey literature, and reference and citation lists were searched for articles published in English up to June 2021. Articles were screened against inclusion/exclusion criteria, and data from eligible studies were extracted. Results were summarised narratively. Results The search yielded 615 articles, 38 of which were included in this scoping review (27 cervical cancer, 10 breast cancer, 1 both cancers). Levels of knowledge regarding breast and cervical varied widely. The main knowledge gaps were misconceptions about symptoms and risk factors, and poor understanding of screening behaviours. Screening practices were mostly inadequate due to socio-cultural, geographical or financial barriers. Positive attitudes towards cervical screening were associated with higher education and increased knowledge of screening modalities. Higher levels of knowledge, (health) literacy and participation in awareness campaigns facilitated breast cancer screening. Conclusion Knowledge and screening practices for breast and cervical cancer among Nepali women were poor and highlight the need for awareness and education programmes. Future research should explore community health worker-led awareness and screening interventions for cervical cancer, and programmes to increase the practice of breast self-examination and clinical breast examinations to support early diagnosis of breast cancer.