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Journal articles on the topic 'Nepali Women authors'
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1
Gurung, Dristy, Manaswi Sangraula, Prasansa Subba, Anubhuti Poudyal, Shelly Mishra, and Brandon A. Kohrt. "Gender inequality in the global mental health research workforce: a research authorship scoping review and qualitative study in Nepal." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 12 (December 2021): e006146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006146.
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IntroductionAlthough women’s health is prioritised in global research, few studies have identified structural barriers and strategies to promote female leadership and gender equality in the global health research workforce, especially in low-income and middle-income countries.MethodsWe conducted a mixed-methods study to evaluate gender equality in the mental health research workforce in Nepal. The scoping review assessed gender disparities in authorship of journal publications for Nepal mental health research, using databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, NepJol, NepMed) for 5 years. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 22 Nepali researchers to identify structural barriers limiting women’s leadership.ResultsOf 337 articles identified, 61% were by Nepali first authors. Among Nepali first authors, 38.3% were women. Nepali women had half the odds of being first authors compared with men, when referenced against non-Nepali authors (OR 0.50, 95% CI 1.30 to 3.16). When limiting publications to those based on funded research, the odds were worse for first authorship among Nepali women (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.71). The qualitative analysis supported the scoping review and identified a lack of gender-friendly organisational policies, difficulties in communication and mobility, and limited opportunities for networking as barriers to women’s leadership in global health research.ConclusionEfforts are needed for greater representation of Nepali women in global mental health research, which will require transformative organisational policies to foster female leadership. Those in leadership need to recognise gender inequalities and take necessary steps to address them. Funding agencies should prioritise supporting organisations with gender equality task forces, policies and indicators.
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Hillman, Wendy, and Kylie Radel. "Transformations of Women in Tourism Work: A Case Study of Emancipation in Rural Nepal." Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gaze.v13i1.42040.
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A key challenge still exists for emancipation of women in the tourism industry in Nepal. The research addresses how females in Nepal transform themselves through engagement with trekking in remote areas. The authors investigated a female only tourism enterprise to determine how women can encounter avenues to reliable income support. Interviewees were members of Empowering Women Nepal (EWN), a Nepali Non-Government Organisation (NGO), and their interviews were used as a case study regarding women’s training. Open ended questions focused on the background of women who are likely to engage with tourism, barriers preventing engagement in tourism, the positive and negative side to tourism, avenues of support, and specific outcomes to date. The research found that rural and remote Nepali women are being emancipated via engagement with tourism.
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Phuyal, Komal Prasad. "The Feminist Utopia in Prema Shah and Rokeya S. Hossain: Linking the Real to the Ideal." SCHOLARS: Journal of Arts & Humanities 3, no. 2 (August 28, 2021): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sjah.v3i2.39425.
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Prema Shah’s “A Husband” and Rokeya S. Hossain’s “Sultana’s Dream” present two complementary versions of women’s world: the real in Shah and the imagined in Hossain aspire to make the other complete. The worldview that each author projects in their texts reasserts the latent spirit of the other one. The embedded interconnectedness between the authors under discussion reveals their unique association and bond of women’s creative unity towards paving a road for the upliftment of women in general. The paper seeks to find out the historical forces leading to the formation of a certain type of bond between these two authors from different historical and socio-cultural realities. Shah locates a typical Nepali woman in the protagonist in the patriarchal order while Hossain pictures the contemporary Bengali Islamic society and reverses the role of men and women. Hossain’s ideal world and Shah’s real world form two complementary versions of each other: despite opposite in nature, each world completes the other. Sultana moves to the world of dream to seek a new order because Nirmala’s world exercises every form of tortures upon the women’s self. Shah exposes the social reality dictating upon the women’s self while Hossain’s protagonist escapes into the world of dream where women control the social reality effectively and successfully. Overall, Shah and Hossain complement each other’s world by presenting two alternative versions of the same reality, creating the feminist utopia.
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Jha, Prabhat, Binit Kumar Jha, Rajiv Jha, and Prakash Bista. "Moyamoya disease with hemorrhagic stroke in a Nepalese woman." Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 17, no. 2 (July 20, 2020): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njn.v17i2.30179.
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The authors report a case of Moyamoya disease in a middle aged Nepali female. Though the disease is common in other parts of Asia only one case has been reported previously from Nepal. It should be suspected as a rare cause for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in adults.
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Giri, Mohan, Anju Puri, and Bibhuti Upreti. "Current status of breast cancer in Nepal." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 6 (May 29, 2019): 2463. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20192547.
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Breast carcinoma is one of the most common and dreaded diseases of women, and in Nepal, it is second most common cancer. The situation is more alarming in the rural areas where the majority of women are illiterate and ignorant about the hazards of breast cancer. Different screening strategies such as rural cancer registries and camp approach for cancer detection have been found useful in minimizing the problem of breast cancer in the villages. Advanced presentation of breast cancer and the problem of late diagnosis is well documented in Nepal. Moreover, diagnostic workup, treatment and palliative services are inadequate in most parts of Nepal. A better understanding current situation of breast cancer can help government to formulate breast cancer prevention strategy in Nepal. In this review, authors present an overview of the burden of breast cancer, risk factors, screening, and cancer care among Nepalese women.
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Adhikari, Rishi, and Devendra Adhikari. "Women Participation in School Governance in Lalitpur, Nepal: A Participatory Development Practice." Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural Studies 18, no. 01 (December 31, 2021): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdrs.v18i01.41946.
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Participation is an important dimension of good governance. In Nepal, there seem positive changes in women's participation in School Management Committees (SMC), Parent Teachers Association (PTA), and school administration but the participation of women has become a far-reaching goalin public school governance. This article is about exploring how women's participation could contribute to promoting good governance practices in community schools. Authors have applied an interpretative inquiry and participation and feminist standpoint theories to make out the meaning in this study which was carried in two public schools in Lalitpur, Nepal. The finding reveals that his meaningful representation of women in school governance is likely to minimize the governance challenges such as absenteeism, low parents’ participation, poor resource mobilization, transparency, and accountability.These positive transformations contribute to the community development process. However, enabling environment for women is needed to ensure their meaningful representation in school governance structures. This study is beneficial to educationists, planners, and development workers in Nepal.
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Phuyal, Komal Prasasd. "Appropriation of Myth In Mahasweta Devi’s “Draupadi” and Nayan Raj Pandey’s Ular." Tribhuvan University Journal 39, no. 1 (June 20, 2024): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v39i1.66754.
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Myths evolve and transform into new narratives in contemporary times through cultural appropriation as societies treat myths as vantage points to examine and interpret contemporary reality. Creative authors appropriate myths into emerging contexts to pass commentary on the prevailing reality, to derive meaning out of incoherent conditions of the time, and to make emergent situations more intelligible to the world. Popular Bengali writer, Mahasweta Devi (1926-2016) has employed Draupadi from the Mahabharata as the voice of the revolting Santhals from Bengal in the 1970s. Her short fiction “Draupadi” (1978) tells the story of a Naxalite insurgent, who sets out to participate in the armed conflict against the state in order to end economic exploitation and caste-based discrimination in her society. Similarly, Nepali novelist Nayan Raj Pandey (1966-) appropriates the myth of Draupadi by turning her into a Badi woman, sexually serving at the precinct of her society in Nepalgunj in his novella Ular [Imbalance] (1996). Devi recontextualizes the mythical Draupadi as an agent who chooses to transform the core of her society, while Pandey’s Draupadi dreams of settling in society as a family woman with her lover, Prem Lalwa. By analyzing two works of fiction, this paper explores the political goal of appropriation of certain myths in modern South Asian literature by contextually reading the text in order to explore the political goal of recontextualizing the classical narrative in the modern world. Devi's Draupadi stands at the crossroads of Bengal's socio-cultural transition in the 1970s. The author treats Draupadi as a window to look into her society and critically remark on its course of action at present. Similarly, Pandey shows the impact of the restoration of democracy in 1990 in Nepal. Draupadi loses her purity and agency in the 1990s in Nepal by letting herself be pushed to the further margins of her society.
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Rajkarnikar, Rashmee Shilpakar. "Perspective of Women in the Nepalese Economy: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Scope." Economic Journal of Nepal 42, no. 3-4 (December 31, 2019): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ejon.v42i3-4.36031.
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Bidirectional relationship between economic development and women's empowerment is one of the issues in this relationship. Economic growth and prosperity is necessary to improve gender inequality by reducing poverty. Another argument assumes that women could play a fundamental role in development. Thus, equality is valuable. Capacity of women is crucial for changing their live positively. This paper explores the scopes, and opportunities provided by the government policies for Nepalese women and analyzed the constraints in implementing the policies based on this authors' two previous studies -- Effectiveness of Gender Responsive Budgeting in Nepal, 2019; and Women's Contribution in Family Economy in Nepal, 2010. Although more than NRs 500 billion of budget is allocated in the programs directly benefitting women, results are not observed as expected. Sustainable economic development is possible only if the women are capable to utilize the resources; capable to control and reap the benefits of economic opportunities; and capable to make strategic decision for changing their lives positively, once they have access to the resources. Once women are capable, there would be no limitation to be involved in economics. Result Based Budgeting (RBB) systems has proven to be a compatible framework for the institutionalization of gender budgeting.
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Sathian, Brijesh, Mohammad Asim, Ahammed Mekkodathil, Sruthi James, Angela Mancha, and Arnab Ghosh. "Knowledge regarding breast self-examination among the women in Nepal: A meta-analysis." Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 761–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v9i2.24684.
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Background: Screening interventions for the early diagnosis of breast cancer are associated with better clinical outcomes. Developing nations such as Nepal reportedly have lesser frequency of female university graduates (UGs) and therefore public awareness and education remains central in the early diagnosis. The current meta-analysis was aimed to assess the knowledge about breast self-examination (BSE) among women of Nepal.
Materials and Methods: We have conducted the literature search using electronic databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane library and Google scholar. The search terms utilized were “breast self-examination”; “knowledge”, “awareness”; and “attitude” in various combinations AND “Nepal” in the title or abstract. Additional searches were conducted with the help of cross references quoted in the selected studies and review articles. Data were retrieved using excel sheets which were pilot tested. Data were independently abstracted by the four authors using a standardized data collection form. Findings from the various studies were pooled together for the sake of analysis, if appropriate.
Results: The search yielded 36 articles; 27 duplicates and review articles were excluded and a further 4 articles not relevant were excluded. Finally, 5 original studies met the inclusion criteria. Total pooled sample size for assessing knowledge was 1910. The overall pooled knowledge about breast self-examination was found to be 27% with a 95% CI [26-31].
Conclusion: The pooled estimates demonstrated that the overall knowledge of breast self-examination was inadequate among women in Nepal. Therefore, prompt capacity building measures are warranted to enhance the public awareness towards BSE.
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Newman, Kira L., Kathryn Gustafson, Janet A. Englund, Subarna Khatry, Stephen LeClerq, James Tielsch, Joanne Katz, and Helen Y. Chu. "2215. Diarrheal Illness as a Risk Factor for Subsequent Respiratory Infection Among Women and Infants in Nepal." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S755—S756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1893.
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Abstract Background Globally, diarrheal and respiratory infections are responsible for nearly one-quarter of deaths in children under 5 years old. Historically these diseases have been studied separately; recent evidence suggests that preceding diarrheal disease may be a risk factor for subsequent respiratory illness. We sought to identify whether diarrhea was associated with subsequent respiratory illness in adult women and infants in Nepal. Methods We used data from a community-based, prospective randomized trial of maternal influenza immunization of pregnant women and their infants conducted in rural Nepal from 2011 to 2014. Diarrhea episodes were defined as at least three self-reported watery bowel movements per day for one or more days. Respiratory illness episodes were defined as the presence of fever with an additional respiratory symptom. Diarrhea and respiratory illness episodes were identified through longitudinal household-based weekly symptom surveillance. A case-crossover design was used to determine whether risk of respiratory infection was increased in the 30 days following a diarrhea episode compared with the 30 days prior. Results Of 3,693 women in the study and their 3,646 infants, 525 (14.2%) women experienced one or more episodes of diarrhea during pregnancy, 226 (9.4%) women experienced one or more episodes of diarrhea after pregnancy, and 342 (9.4%) infants had one or more episodes of diarrhea. The incidence of respiratory episodes during the exposure and control periods was approximately 2–5% in adults and 8–10% in infants. Preceding diarrhea was not significantly associated with respiratory infection in adult women or infants. There was a slight trend toward greater incidence of diarrhea during the exposure period among infants (Figure 1), but it was not statistically significant. These results held after a sensitivity analysis limiting follow-up time to 15 days before and after diarrhea episode. Conclusion In this study of pregnant and postpartum women and their infants in Nepal, diarrheal illness was not a significant risk factor for subsequent respiratory illness. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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LeVine, Robert, Sarah LeVine, and Beatrice Schnell. ""Improve the Women": Mass Schooling, Female Literacy, and Worldwide Social Change." Harvard Educational Review 71, no. 1 (April 1, 2001): 1–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.71.1.154550622x3225u7.
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In this article, Robert LeVine, Sarah LeVine, and Beatrice Schnell develop and test a theoretical model of how women's schooling might contribute to social and demographic change. Drawing upon research from many disciplines, the authors propose that schooling leads to social change by imparting skills and fostering other individual changes that alter women's patterns of social participation. They argue that, in schools, girls acquire aspirations, identities, skills, and models of learning that eventually affect their decisions regarding reproductive, child-rearing, and health behaviors. Among other things, girls learn an academic register that, the authors argue, is the official language of all bureaucracies, including health and family-planning clinics as well as schools. Proficiency in using this academic language is advantageous in oral communication with the health bureaucracy, and may lead to greater utilization of health services and, thus, improved reproductive and health outcomes. After explaining their theoretical model, LeVine, LeVine, and Schnell present new findings from their research on maternal literacy in two very different settings, Nepal and Venezuela. The results of their quantitative analyses are consistent with the hypothesis that the literacy and language skills that women acquire in school provide an educational pathway to better health care.
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Newman, Kira, Katie Gustafson, Janet Englund, Joanne Katz, Amalia Magaret, Subarna Khatry, Laxman Shreshtha, et al. "1096. Effect of Diarrheal Illness During Pregnancy on Adverse Birth Outcomes in Nepal." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S328—S329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.931.
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Abstract Background Adverse birth outcomes, including low birthweight (LBW), small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and preterm birth, contribute to 60–80% of infant mortality worldwide. Little published data exist on the association between diarrhea during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. We sought to identify whether diarrhea during pregnancy was associated with adverse birth outcomes. Methods We used data from a community-based, prospective randomized trial of maternal influenza immunization of pregnant women and their infants conducted in rural Nepal from 2011 to 2014. Illness episodes were defined as at least three watery bowel movements per day for one or more days with 7 diarrhea-free days between episodes. Diarrheal illnesses were identified through longitudinal household-based weekly symptom surveillance. The c2 test, two-sample t-test, and log-binomial regression were performed to evaluate baseline characteristics and the association between diarrhea during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. Results Of 3,682 women in the study, 527 (14.3%) experienced one or more episodes of diarrhea during pregnancy. Diarrhea incidence was not seasonal. Women with diarrhea had a median of one episode of diarrhea (interquartile range (IQR) 1–2 episodes) and two cumulative days of diarrhea (IQR 1–3 days). Of women with diarrhea, 16.1% (85) sought medical care. Mean maternal age, parity, biomass cook stove use, home latrine, water source, caste, and smoking did not differ in pregnant women with and without diarrhea. In crude and adjusted analyses, women with diarrhea during pregnancy were significantly more likely to have SGA infants (42.6% vs. 36.8%; adjusted risk ratio=1.20, 95% CI 1.06–1.36, P = 0.005). LBW and preterm birth incidence did not significantly differ between women with diarrhea during pregnancy and those without. There was no significant association between seeking medical care for diarrhea and birth outcomes. Conclusion Diarrheal illness during pregnancy was associated with a significantly higher risk of SGA infants in this rural South Asian population. Interventions to reduce the burden of diarrheal illness during pregnancy may have an impact on SGA births in resource-limited settings. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Thing, Sudeep Jana, and Buddi S. Poudel. "Buffer Zone Community Forestry in Nepal: Examining Tenure and Management Outcomes." Journal of Forest and Livelihood 15, no. 1 (September 4, 2017): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v15i1.23096.
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This paper examines the transfer of management rights over forests and natural resources and exercise of such rights by various sections of local communities in Protected Area (PA) buffer zones in Nepal. The study is based on an extensive review of government policy documents, available published and grey materials. The paper has also been drawn from the long experiences of the authors working in PAs and buffer zones in various parts of the country. We found that Buffer Zone Community Forests (BZCFs) have so far made significant contribution to biodiversity conservation, local livelihoods and institutional building in buffer zones. However, we also found a range of critical challenges in realising clear, comprehensive and secure rights by the local communities. Effective functioning of buffer zone community forestry is undermined by ever-increasing demand of forest products, lack of needed management autonomy and support from the PA management authorities, absence of clear policy guideline, increasing human-wildlife conflict and persistence of social exclusion of women, poor and marginalised. We argue that a better understanding and attention to address tenure related challenges in BZCFs would aid both conservation and local livelihoods and thereby enhance socio-ecological resilience of buffer zone communities.
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Pokhrel, Kailash Mani, Popular Pokhrel, Utsha Mulmi, Kapil Khanal, Anup Panthi, Suraj Aryal, and Asmita Ghimire. "Giant endometrial polyp in a post-menopausal woman: a rare case report from Nepal." Annals of Medicine & Surgery 86, no. 2 (January 3, 2024): 1215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000001667.
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Introduction: Endometrial polyps (EPs) result from the overgrowth of endometrial glands and stroma. Giant endometrial polyps, defined as those exceeding 4 cm, are rare, and their association with phytoestrogen (PE) intake is infrequently reported. Case presentation: The authors present a case of a giant endometrial polyp in a 59-year-old post-menopausal woman from Nepal. The patient presented with lower abdominal pain and a history of vaginal spotting. She was not under any drugs or medications, including hormones, but had a regular intake of PE-rich foods. Imaging revealed a giant endometrial polyp and a uterine fibroid. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO) were performed and histopathology examination confirmed the diagnosis of endometrial polyp and fibroid. Discussion: In our case, the patient’s increased age and PE-rich diet were identified as potential risk factors for the giant endometrial polyp. Giant endometrial polyps are rare, with limited cases reported to date, often associated with tamoxifen or raloxifene use. Phytoestrogens can exhibit oestrogenic effects, contributing to endometrial polyps. This case emphasizes the importance of further research to explain the relationship between phytoestrogen intake and giant endometrial polyps. Conclusion: Giant endometrial polyps are uncommon, and their association with phytoestrogen intake remains underexplored. Clinicians should consider dietary factors in history while evaluating endometrial polyps, and further research is necessary to explore the potential role of phytoestrogens in the development of giant endometrial polyps.
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Jakubik, Katarzyna, Artur Magiera, and Rajmund Tomik. "ANALYSIS OF EXERCISE INTENSITY AND THE LEVEL OF THE BODY’S ADAPTATION TO HIGH ALTITUDE CONDITIONS WHILE TREKKING IN THE HIMALAYA MOUNTAINS." Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences 26, no. 76 (October 1, 2016): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.0925.
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Aim. The authors submitting this article considering that hiking at high altitudes is a form of active sport tourism, which enjoys growing popularity among tourists worldwide, assumed that the practice of trekking at altitudes above 2,500 meters (above sea level) is equivalent to activity of high intensity and carries a risk of high-altitude diseases. Basic procedures. The authors claim that despite the rapid progress of medical science, the problem of the economy of oxygen at high altitudes is not clearly understood. It is still the subject of many discussions and theoretical considerations. Main findings. The analysis were conducted in Nepal, in the Himalaya Mountains, during a trekking expedition to the Mount Everest Base Camp, in October 2015. The study group consisted of 10 people (5 women and 5 men). The study used specialized measurement equipment- a heart rate monitor (sport-testers). Results. During the studies, data from heart rate monitors from the six days of trekking were collected. The presented data demonstrate the influence of height above sea level on the average heart rate in the study group. Conclusions. On balance, the average heart rate in the study group decreases in direct proportion to the increase in altitude. The final analysis shows that the correct process of acclimatization is the most important factor in this research.
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Om B Khadka, Akash Moda, Dipanwita Sahoo, Viktor Sarkar, Sulekha Das, Dilip k. Banerjee, and Anirban Das. "Predict The Risk Factor of The Possibility of Death For Not Having A Bridge In Nepal By Using Multiple Regression Analysis." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, no. 2 (2023): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i02.012.
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Communication and transportation are important aspects of human life, but in Nepal, the geographically challenging topography and disconnected communities by more than 6000 rivers and rivulets, present great challenges in their daily lives for accessing basic health services, education, and household chores. Bridges are one of the major means of connecting the rural population in Nepal, but the lack of appropriate and safe means of crossing torrential rivers has resulted in increased suffering for local communities and developmental challenges for the actors involved in this sub-sector. The focus of this research is to technically analyse the potential bridge sites based on the major prioritization indices and to determine risk factors related to particular locations leading to solutions for the permanent transportation problem. The government has been trying its’ best in collaboration with various development actors to address the problem and help to reduce the risks related to potential loss of lives while crossing the mountainous terrain to various destinations. Many practices proposed or implemented have been proven to be risky, especially for children, men, women, and the elderly population. This research aims to establish a proven module to construct a trail bridge as a safer means of transport across the hills that would accelerate access to basic services such as education, healthcare, and provide people with new development prospects. The innovative idea involves supporting the construction of a trail bridge to support services such as education, medical facilities, and household chores. The data has been analysed using Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA). In this research, the authors predicted the risk factor of the possibility of death due to the lack of a bridge, which depends on the total population, total households, river type, width of the bridge, etc. The model was evaluated using 50-50%, 66-34%, and 80-20% train-test splits and 10-fold cross-validation and an accuracy of approximately 70% was achieved. The authors collected data by mobilizing local NGOs and informing the public through local radio to conduct a comprehensive study of nationwide bridge demand. The secondary source of data for post-bridge building assessment is extracted through the project management information system.
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Pradhan Shrestha, Basanti Roshan. "Continuing the Journey of Education, Training and Research." Journal of Training and Development 5 (December 28, 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jtd.v5i0.33843.
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The Journal of Training and Development has come up with issue 5, Volume 5 with the objectives of sharing the recent research findings in the field of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in research, training and development. This publication has a collection of valuable articles from TVET experts, scholars and educationalist. This training and development journals are considered to be valuable resources for the scholars, educationist and TVET experts and stakeholders.
This issue consists of seven articles on different aspects of Training and Development.
The article by Durga prasad Baral describe informal skills learning places in Nepal and tries to provides a typology that helps to understand the informal skills learning places and their formality. This paper analyses the existing legal frameworks and literature from domestic cultural practices adapting qualitative approach of inquiry. The paper concludes that the typology provides a sound conceptual basis for the identification of main categories and sub-categories of informal skills learning places in Nepal.
The paper by Manoj Sharma Neuane scrutinizes the access and relevancy of presently available long term TVET programs and identify its gap with the market demand. The paper is the quantitative analysis of micro data is also adopted as a major basis and document review was also carried out while preparing the paper. The analysis shows that health-related programs are over-accessed while a clear gap is observed in the supply mechanism of TVET in the tourism and agricultural sectors. The paper revealed to promote agriculture and tourism sectors to promote TEVT programs both in quality and quantity in order to alleviate existing mismatch between demand and supply.
The article by Kushmakar Bhatta highlight the positive effects that contributed by the Vocational Education and Training (VET) programs in socio-economic development of the disadvantaged and unemployed population of Nepal. The primary data collected from questionnaire and some field survey from the purposively sampled respondents- 405 VET graduates who after training are employed in their occupational sector. The study revealed that VET plays constructive role in employment and economic growth. However, it concludes with the recommendation that post training support to the participants is a must for functional VET and getting sustainable and decent employment in the labor market.
survey for Vocational Education and Training (VET) graduates trained from different institutions purposively selected from the list of the VET graduates and interview questionnaires were sent to them. Apart from the questionnaire, some field survey was also administered for the qualitative data on role played by VET in employment, income and socio-economic development.
The article by Surya Prasad Newpane discuss the stories of women who uses their vocational skills to run a homestay in their community which is run by the Tharu and Bote of Nawalparasi. The qualitative approach was applied for carrying out this research and Amaltari homestay was selected as the research site. The stories of these women reveal that they have been using their skills in the area of hospitality, cooking traditional foods and crafting bamboo and wooden goods related skills to serve guest. Despite of many barrier homestay contributed to the indigenous practice and supportive in enriching the Tharu and Bote women socially and culturally by using the vocational skills.
The article by Narbikram Thapa assess the performance of private paravets in terms of quality of technical services. The qualitative and quantitative methods were adopted during field study where questionnaire survey, focus group discussion, direct field observation, force field analysis and score ranking was implemented. He concludes that the quality of the Private Paravets have found to be effective in terms of relevance, appropriateness, targeting, and sustainability issues. Project activities associated with Private Paravets promotion were observed appropriate in line with the needs and priorities of rural people of Nepal.
Finally, the editorial team would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to all the authors who have contributed by providing their relevant and valuable creations. We would also like to express gratitude to the reviewers and TITI management team for their continuous support in publishing this journal. The team would also like to welcome articles from TVET experts, trainers and stakeholders in the field of training, development and research. We are also grateful to Tribhuvan University Central Library (TUCL) for providing their professionals support and encouragement to publish this journal online. Last but not least, we are thankful to the publisher for the publication of the print version of this journal.
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Xumin, Hu, Ashish J. Thapa, Zheng Meiguang, and Shen Huiyong. "Rapid Progression of Extensive Arachnoid Adhesion Longer Than Twelve Segments and Cysts Formation after Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Case Report." Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njn.v13i2.20485.
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Arachnoid cysts and intradural adhesion are uncommon in postoperative complication rather than congenital condition. The adhesion and cysts are usually around surgical site but some extend to a distant place. The authors report a case of formation of arachnoid cysts and adhesion far away from original surgical site with signifi cant clinical manifestations after posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF).A 55-year-old woman accepted PLIF and got a good recovery but her dura mater was torn and sutured during procedure. Six months after her 1st surgery, she felt rapid progressing numbness from foot to belly and weakness of both lower limbs. On Examination bilateral deep tendon refl exes were hyperactive. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed intradural adhesion formed from T4 to sacral canal. Cerebrospinal fluid terminated at T4 level and there exactly the arachnoid cyst was formed. The long intradural adhesion and distant cyst formation made this case unique and the cause of neurological manifestations. Then the patient underwent intradural exploratory surgery and cyst-abdominal shunting. The cyst was actually found to be the terminal part of remaining subarachnoid space. Patient’s numbness stopped advancing upward and the strength of both lower limbs gradually improved after surgery. Therefore, arachnoid cyst and adhesion might appear at any place after spine surgery with dural rupture. Exploratory surgery and timely decompression can effectively slow down the progression of disease.Spinal meningeal cysts are rare and have been described as “arachnoid cysts,” “pouches”, or “diverticula”.7 Most spinal intradural arachnoid cysts are thought to be congenital but still some acquired arachnoid cysts were reported as to be the results of trauma, hemorrhage or infection.8 Even fewer were caused by intradural infl ammation after invasive diagnostic test and treatment. Nepal Journal of Neuroscience. Vol. 13, No. 2, 2016, Page: 94-98
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Whalen, Brian. "Introduction." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 9, no. 1 (August 15, 2003): vii—x. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v9i1.112.
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This volume of Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad offers a wide variety of approaches and topics in international education research. First, readers will note the geographic diversity that the articles represent; they examine study abroad topics in Africa, Argentina, Costa Rica, France, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. Second, the articles cover a wide-range of issues, including language acquisition, risk management, recruitment of minority students for study abroad, evaluation of cultural integration, and financial inequities in study abroad. Third, this volume contains articles by a variety of authors, including U.S.-based study abroad administrators, faculty members, and on-site resident directors. Finally, the modes of inquiry are as varied as the topics and authors. Research approaches in this volume include survey instruments, interviews, participant observation, case studies, literature review, as well as analytical essays.
This diversity of geography, issues, authors, and modes of inquiry has from the beginning characterized the content of Frontiers and been one of its chief strengths. When the first volume of Frontiers appeared in 1995, one was hard pressed to find many research-based and analytical studies in the field, let alone the diversity of such work that this volume represents. In this regard, Frontiers has matured along with the field of international education, and today, almost ten years later, this volume reflects the growing importance being placed on research on the critical aspects of our work.
The opening article by Lilli Engle and John Engle, “Study Abroad Levels: Toward a Classification of Program Types,” offers a revolutionary perspective by which international educators may categorize and judge study abroad programs. Their proposed typology makes qualitative distinctions between study abroad program models based on their view of a spectrum of cultural immersion. Frontiers readers will find their analysis provocative, stimulating study abroad professionals to examine programming in useful ways.
In “Women and Cultural Learning in Costa Rica: Reading the Contexts,” Adele Anderson reviews research on Costa Rica’s cultural context, student adjustment and tourism theory, relating them to American student experiences, and she includes data from ethnographic observations and interviews collected during three years as a resident director of short-term programs. Anderson introduces a tool that may be used by resident directors to guide student cultural adjustment more systematically.
Mark Ritchie, an on-site resident director in Thailand, provides a very useful analysis of study abroad risk management in his article, “Risk Management in Study Abroad: Lessons from the Wilderness.” Ritchie draws upon the principles of wilderness education, especially as it is conducted in developing countries, in offering recommendations for study abroad risk management. Readers will appreciate his suggestions for reducing risk by applying the experiential techniques of wilderness education.
J. Scott Van Der Meid’s study, “Asian Americans: Factors Influencing the Decision to Study Abroad,” examines the factors that influence Asian American students’ decision to study abroad, and provides useful suggestions for considering ways to increase study abroad participation among this population. As the field of study abroad continues to seek ways to increase minority participation in study abroad, Van Der Meid’s study offers a model for examining this question among all ethnic groups.
In their analysis of an innovative Vietnam study abroad program, “History Lived and Learned: Students and Vietnam Veterans in an Integrative Study Abroad Course,” Raymond Scurfield, Leslie Root, and Andrew Wiest et al, analyze the collaborative learning experience of students and Vietnam veterans in a program that combined the teaching of Vietnam culture and military history with an exploration of the mental health aspects of combat and post-war recovery of the veterans. This article discusses the lessons learned from the experience of designing and implementing a study abroad program that integrates history education with therapeutic objectives. Jennifer Coffman and Kevin Brennan analyze the economic imbalance of African educational exchange with the United States in their article, “African Studies Abroad: Meaning and Impact of America’s Burgeoning Export Industry.” Coffman and Brennan recommend developing more equitable models of reciprocity by examining the economics of U.S. – African exchanges, and by reconsidering the ways in which African study abroad programs are conceived and implemented in light of their social and intellectual impact.
“Development of Oral Communication Skills Abroad” by Christina Isabelli-Garcia examines the impact of a semester study abroad program in Argentina on the second language acquisition of three American university Spanish learners. Isabelli-Garcia’s study measures the development of two aspects of communications skills: first, fluency and performance in the oral functions of narration, and, second, description and supporting an opinion. Her study provides insight into the conditions of a study abroad program that best promote the acquisition of improved oral communication skills in a target language.
In “Studying Abroad in Nepal: Assessing Impact,” Patricia Farrell and Murari Suvedi present the perceived impact of studying in Nepal on students’ academic program, personal development, and intellectual development. Using a survey instrument as well as interviews and case studies, the authors link the reported outcomes to the objectives of the study abroad program.
We are pleased to include in this volume of Frontiers an essay by Patti McGill Peterson, “New Directions for the Global Century.” McGill Peterson’s analysis of the changing and challenging context for global education inspires us to meet the demands of the 21st century with determination, creativity, and enhanced global collaboration.
This volume of Frontiers concludes with reviews of books of interest to international educators, each relating to diverse intellectual foundations of the field: Jean-Philippe Mathy’s Extrême-Occident: French Intellectuals and America, Louis Menand’s The Metaphysical Club: A Story of Ideas in America, and First Great Triumph: How Five Americans Made Their Country a World Power by Warren Zimmermann. We encourage our readers to continue to suggest books of interest, and to submit reviews for consideration.
The update on the Forum on Education Abroad that appears at the back of this volume reflects the continuing fruitful collaboration between Frontiers and the Forum. Together with the Forum, Frontiers will continue to encourage and support research studies on study abroad topics, and to disseminate this research as widely as possible.
The next volume of Frontiers, due to be published in November, 2004, will be our tenth anniversary volume. It is appropriate that this anniversary volume will be a Special Issue that focuses on the assessment of the learning outcomes of study abroad, a topic that reflects the maturation of a field that is now beginning to document the results of its activity. Other Special Issues that are in the planning stages include: curriculum integration and study abroad, the arts and study abroad, and student development and study abroad.
Finally, I want to thank the new sponsors of Frontiers who, together with our existing sponsors, make the publication of this journal possible. The sponsors of Frontiers are institutions with a strong commitment to international education, and we are proud to be supported by them. The editorial board takes seriously its responsibility to provide the very best writing about and research on study abroad to our readers, and the support of our sponsors makes this mission possible.
Brian J. Whalen
Editor
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Regmi, Pramod Raj, Edwin van Teijlingen, and Sanjeev Raj Neupane. "Silicone use among Nepali transgender women: the hazards of beauty." Journal of Health Research ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (April 30, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhr-08-2019-0192.
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PurposeIt is widely believed that transgender individuals in Nepal inject silicone for face and body manipulation, a phenomenon thought to be common among transgender individuals globally. Therefore, this qualitative study conducted in Nepal explored: (1) awareness of silicone use and sources of information; (2) reasons for using silicone; (3) notion of cost and quality of these procedures; (4) reported negative aspects, including side effects and (5) health seeking behaviors of Nepali transgender women.Design/methodology/approachThe authors carried out eight focus group discussions (FGDs) with transgender women at four different districts of Nepal, five in the capital Kathmandu and three in different rural areas. We also interviewed three transgender women who preferred not to participate in the FGD but were happy to be interviewed separately. Similarly, six interviews with stakeholders working for sexual and gender minority populations were also conducted.FindingsMost FGD participants were young (mean age 23.06 ± 3.9 years) and the majority (55%; n = 34) completed grade six to high school level. Peer networks of transgender people and the Internet were the more popular sources of information about silicone. The decision to use silicone was largely influenced by the desire to look beautiful and more feminine. Often they appear not to follow the recommended procedures for silicone use. Their health seeking behavior regarding side effects or complications of these procedures was very poor.Originality/valueFindings reflect that targeted interventions aimed at transgender individuals should educate them on the use of silicone, as well as explore safe and affordable approaches to meet gender-related appearance needs of Nepali transgender people.
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Rana, Bandana, and Samiksha Koirala. "Nepal’s Gender Policies: Achievements and Challenges." Nepal Public Policy Review, September 26, 2021, 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nppr.v1i1.43442.
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Nepal has experienced extraordinary political and social changes in the last 25 years. Since the Constituent Assembly (CA) election in 2008, progress has been noted in increasing women’s access to literacy, education, and healthcare services. Despite significant gender reforms in policies and strategies, Nepali women continue to experience discrimination and violence mainly because of their gender. Drawing upon six different cases – constitutional and international framework, participation of women, women peace and security, sexual and reproductive health rights, gender-responsive budget and citizenship law – this paper highlights some of the achievements and gaps in the area of gender reform policies and practices. Methodologically, the study adopts document review and personal reflections of authors as the main source of information. The paper concludes with some key recommendations to address existing challenges and gaps of these selected policies/strategies.
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Dhakal, Kamala, Panpan Wang, Joanes Faustine Mboineki, Mikiyas Amare Getu, and Changying Chen. "Assessment of supportive care needs among cervical cancer patients under treatment in Nepal: a cross-sectional study." BMC Women's Health 23, no. 1 (August 3, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12905-023-02484-z.
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Abstract Backgrounds The perceived supportive care needs (SCNs) of cancer patients are essential components of a care program. The first step in planning and intervening for supportive care is the proper identification of the SCNs of cancer patients. Cervical cancer (CC) is the most prevalent cancer among Nepali women. The authors assess SCNs and their predictors among CC patients under treatment by using a validated Nepali version supportive care need survey short form (SCNS- SF 34 N). Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 cancer treatment hospitals in Nepal. A culturally adapted and psychometrically validated Nepali version SCNS –SF- 34 N was completed by a convenience sample of 218 CC patients. Data were analyzed by using descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, median) and inferential (Chi-square P-value and binary logistic regression analysis) statistics. Results The study showed that 99% of the respondents were in need of some level (low, moderate, high) of supportive care. The psychological domain, physical daily living, health system information, patient care support and sexuality domain ranked from first to fifth for SCNs with mean and standard deviations 70.29 ± 18.84, 63.25 ± 23.15, 57.90 ± 21.11, 56.46 ± 21.92 and 46.06 ± 34.16, respectively. Binary logistic regression found causal association between SCNs and variables “occupation (p-value = 0.007), and type of hospital (p-value = 0.000)” at a 95% confidence level. Conclusion Nepali CC patients perceive and experience many unmet SCNs, with psychological SCNs being the first priority. It is essential that the SCNs of patients may need to be known by their close family members, care providers, CC related program. so that they can offer intervention as per patients’ needs.
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Gautam, Sushil, and Tek Bahadur Chhetry. "Exploring identity: A Critical Discourse Analysis on “Nepali Women in Politics Success and Challenges”." Madhyabindu Journal 9, no. 1 (May 3, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/madhyabindu.v9i1.65389.
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The research paper explores the idea placed in the article “Nepali Women in Politics: Success and Challenges” by Bishnu Raj Upreti, Drishti Upreti and Yamuna Ghale published in the ‘Journal of International Women’s Studies’ on April 2020 from the perspectives of CDA, a relatively recent approach to analyzing discourse. The paper provides the definitions and overview of some CDA models mainly of Norman Fairclough, Ruth Wodak, T.A. Van Dijk and so on. Language, ideology and discourse are inseparable notions as we talk about media, translation and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). We get information from many sources which we use to interpret the world. Personal interactions with others provide us the insight with their knowledge and experience, cultural conventions and practices in their social world. On the other hand, television, radio, newspaper and magazines, the internet and many other sources with their different values provide us information. Language is the main mood through which most of the sources give information and most of these sources can be interpreted and analyzed using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The paper will discuss how the discourse used by the three authors in the article shows women’s struggle for equality in Nepal for the establishment of their identity in the society by exposing themselves in politics.
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Editor. "Retraction Notice for Abstract "Challenges faced by women after repair of genital tract fistula: An observational study in Tanganika Province, Democratic Republic of Congo"." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 14, no. 1 (February 6, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v14i1.27572.
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On 6th February 2020 the Editorial Board of Nepal Journal Obstetrics and Gynaecology agreed to retract the Abstract ‘Challenges faced by women after repair of genital tract fistula: An observational study in Tanganika Province, Democratic Republic of Congo’ published in Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vol.13(2) 2018 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/njog.v13i2.21914 ). This retraction was requested by the authors: C.A. Notia, A. Philibert and D.M. Mukwege. We apologise for any inconvenience.
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Notia, Christine Amisi, Aline Philibert, and Denis Mukengere Mukwege. "Retracted: Challenges faced by women after repair of genital tract fistula: An observational study in Tanganika Province, Democratic Republic of Congo." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 13, no. 2 (November 29, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v13i2.21914.
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On 6th February 2020 the Editorial Board of Nepal Journal Obstetrics and Gynaecology agreed to retract the Abstract ‘Challenges faced by women after repair of genital tract fistula: An observational study in Tanganika Province, Democratic Republic of Congo' published in Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vol.13(2) 2018 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/njog.v13i2.21914 ). This retraction was requested by the authors: C.A. Notia, A. Philibert and D.M. Mukwege. We apologise for any inconvenience.
This retraction notice appears in Vol.14(1) 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/njog.v14i1.27572
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Shakya, Shishir, and Nabraj Lama. "Possible Decision Rules to Allocate Quotas and Reservations to Ensure Equity for Nepalese Poor." Economic Journal of Development Issues, February 8, 2016, 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ejdi.v17i1-2.14525.
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Government of Nepal provides quotas and reservations for women, indigenous nationalities, Madhesi, untouchables, disables and people of backward areas. These statuses are not homogenous in economic sense. We proposed few other decision trees (rules) that can predict household poverty in Nepal based on 14,907 household observations employing classification and regression tree (CART) approach. These decision rules were based on few practically answerable questions (for respondents) and can be cross checked easily by the enumerators. We modeled 5 different scenarios that respondents were likely to answer the asked questions. These decision rules were 94% to in worst-case scenario 70% accurate in out-of-sample dataset. These proposed meaningful decision rules can be helpful on policy making and implementation that relate to positively discriminate (quota and reservation) for those who lie below poverty line.Economic Journal of Development Issues Vol. 17 & 18 No. 1-2 (2014) Combined Issue, Page: 149-162 This research was completed when both authors were pursuing Masters of Arts in Economics in Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University
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Biswakarma, R., J. Harper, and M. Reiss. "P-069 Men’s fertility knowledge and attitudes to starting a family in Greece, Nepal and the UK." Human Reproduction 37, Supplement_1 (June 29, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deac107.065.
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Abstract Study question What are the views of men from Greece, Nepal, and the UK on having children and what is their knowledge of fertility? Summary answer Between countries, there were similarities and differences in men’s views to having children. Men showed limited fertility knowledge, and access to fertility information varied. What is known already The global total fertility rate (TFR) has dropped to below 2.5 compared to 5 in 1950, currently being 1.61 in the EU. Internationally, the age at which people are having children has increased and is over 30 in many countries. Delaying parenthood is leaving many with smaller family sizes than desired or involuntary childlessness due to age-related infertility. Although many men are keen to be fathers, existing studies relating to fertility knowledge and having children focus heavily on women. Compared to women, men’s fertility knowledge is limited as fertility education is rarely taught or tailored for men. Study design, size, duration Two anonymous surveys were conducted. The UK survey (live from 25 April – 1 December 2021) was launched via social media. Men internationally could complete the survey, and high numbers of men from Nepal participated. The Greek survey (live from 11 – 26 May 2021) was launched in Greece through a market research company. The end sample size was n = 244 for Greece, n = 205 for Nepal and n = 128 for the UK. Participants/materials, setting, methods Men aged 25 to 45 years old, who wanted children but were currently childless, were included. There were four parts to the survey: basic demographics; their attitude to having a family; their fertility concerns; and their fertility knowledge. For the UK survey, since one of the authors had a link with Nepal, particular effort was made to recruit from Nepal as well as from the UK. Main results and the role of chance When asked how many children men wanted, most Greek (59%), Nepalese (66%) and UK (58%) men wanted two children, but higher levels of Greek (24%) and UK (25%) men wanted three children compared to Nepalese men (9%)(p < 0.001). The ideal age men wanted to have had/have their first child was 35 years in Greece (23%), but it was 30 years in Nepal (24%) and in the UK (30%). The COVID-19 pandemic had not affected most men’s decision to have children: Greece’s (64%), Nepal (48%), UK (70%). But it had affected 21% Greek, 27% Nepalese and 16% UK men who are now intending to delay having children. Greek (46%), Nepalese (48%) and UK (47%) men felt moderately informed on female fertility. Greek (45%), Nepalese (50%) and UK (45%) men felt more informed about male than female fertility. When questioned on when they think a woman is fertile in her menstrual cycle, 50% Greek, 38% Nepalese, and 42% UK men answered incorrectly. The internet was the most common source men accessed fertility information from: Greece (67%), Nepal (30%) and the UK (26%). The second most common source for Greece (18%) was doctors, but for Nepalese (18%) and UK (18%) men, it was school. Limitations, reasons for caution The study had a relatively small sample size (n = 577). It is well documented that men typically do not show high engagement with surveys. It was only promoted on social media. Respondents were typically highly educated, active on social media and knew English or Greek to an adequate level. Wider implications of the findings The International Fertility Education Initiative is developing resources to deliver tailored fertility education across different populations. This survey shows that there are cultural differences that need to be considered when designing such resources. Trial registration number Not applicable
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Shrestha, Roshis Krishna, Jean-Nöel Patrick L'Espoir Decosta, and Rupa Shrestha. "Creating value networks through a learning society for Indigenous women tourism entrepreneurs." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, January 10, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-03-2022-0317.
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Purpose This study aims to integrate social embeddedness with learning society philosophy to explore how grassroots associations of Indigenous women tourism entrepreneurs can leverage their social network to co-create value. Design/methodology/approach A critical feminist perspective considers the intersectional experiences of Indigenous women tourism entrepreneurs from the rural Manasalu region of Nepal. Twenty-one semi-structured interviews with local tourism stakeholders were carried out. Hermeneutics in tandem with Indigenous methods of analysis ensured consideration of Indigenous ontologies and social locations beyond being merely theoretically driven. Findings A paradox of Indigenous women’s empowerment emerged where several efforts for empowerment presented themselves as a double-edged sword. Individuals’ social capital and social support for the sustenance and stability of grassroots associations ensure collective and continuous learning through a value-creation framework. Research limitations/implications Collective self-reflection and self-determination for knowledge creation and sharing amongst social ties shed new light on the role of an Indigenous standpoint on value creation. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that captures how the intersectionality of Indigenous women entrepreneurs in grassroots associations use their social capital through contesting, leveraging and learning to transform their social network into a value network.
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Aziz, Faisal, Salman Masood Sheikh, and Ijaz Hussain Shah. "Financial inclusion for women empowerment in South Asian countries." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, March 4, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-11-2021-0092.
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Purpose This paper aims to address the issues of Asian countries toward why females are discouraged and more likely to be removed from the formal financial system than males. Further, whether there is any connection between religion and women’s financial inclusion is also addressed. Design/methodology/approach This paper explores gender disparities in the use of structured financial services through multilevel models tailored to the individual. The data from 2004 to 2017 have been used for eight South Asian countries, including Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Maldives, Nepal and Bhutan. We used a multilevel modeling methodology to estimate the impact of the socio-economic climate on women’s financial inclusion while controlling for individual-level features, with all control variables included, the two-level logistic regression model used for this study. Findings The results of this study demonstrate that sex appears to be strongly correlated with the usage of financial services. The study also found that in nations where religious restrictions limit women’s willingness to work for a living, they are less likely than males to own a bank account. However, through legislation and regulations, countries that encourage gender equality in the labor market and have effective regulatory mechanisms to maintain these initiatives appear to have more financially active women. Practical implications This research advises that government authorities strengthen women’s empowerment in South Asian countries. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that explains the linkage between financial inclusion and women empowerment and will contribute to existing knowledge.
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Dedov, D., P. Poluboyarinov, and A. Fedorov. "The use of selenium-containing drugs in the prevention and treatment of complications in patients with COVID-19." Vrach, February 2, 2023, 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2023-02-17.
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Objective. To study literature data reflecting the use of selenium (Se) and selenium-containing drugs in the complex prophylaxis and treatment of complications in patients with COVID-19. Material and methods. Data analysis of 37 publications of scientists from Russian Federation, United States of America, People's Republic of China, Great Britain, India, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Canada, Brazil, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Ireland, Holland, Greece, Australia, Poland, Pakistan, Sudan, Nepal was performed. The authors reflected on the epidemiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, clinic, risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure, cardiovascular complications, mortality in patients with COVID-19, the importance of Se deficiency in the body and the preventive use of selenium-containing drugs in novel coronavirus infection. Results. Low dietary Se intake was associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in men and women with COVID-19. Deficiencies were associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Organic forms of Se had the best bioavailability. Se had antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antiviral, immunomodulatory effects in patients with COVID-19. Conclusions. Thus, control and optimization of the selenium status in population of selenium-deficient areas with addition of Se-enriched food to the diet, as well as SELENBIO for women complex of Russian company "Parapharm" could be one of the directions of prevention and treatment of complications in patients with COVID-19.
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Bhattarai, Kritika, Ashish Acharya, and Kamal Gyawali. "Chronic multiarticular tophaceous gout with abnormally large tophi, case of surgical intervention: a case report from Nepal." International Journal of Surgery: Global Health 7, no. 3 (May 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000452.
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Introduction and importance: Gout is an inflammatory disease caused by the deposition of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals around the synovial joints, affecting the first metatarsophalangeal joints followed by ankle and knees. It is found to be more prevalent among men and older women. Tophi tends to develop if the acute phase of the disease is not controlled. In contrast, our patient had an unusual presentation of multiple tophi affecting several joints accompanied by deformities. Case presentation: Here, the authors present a case of a 63 years old male with chronic multiarticular tophaceous gout with a history of more than 30 years. He presented with multiple joint deformities and prior surgical history of excision of tophi. Laboratory reports revealed elevated serum uric acid, and X-ray showed joint deformities with tophi. However, the parameters of renal function test were normal. Surgical excision of the tophi was done. Clinical discussion: Gout is one of the most common inflammatory arthritis, which if untreated can progress to tophi formation. The diagnosis can be made clinically and by several investigations including serum uric acid estimation and aspiration of the joint to reveal monosodium urate monohydrate crystals. A long standing case of multiarticular tophi causing joint deformities does require surgical intervention. Conclusion: Early treatment and diagnosis of hyperuricemia prevent the progression to gouty arthritis and tophi formation. Long history of multiple tophaceous gout is an unusual presentation, which we intend to present here as a novel case report. Nevertheless, such cases require surgical interventions.
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Chakraborty, Ankita, and Dipa Dube. "Criminal Justice Responses to Sex Trafficking in West Bengal, India: A Representative Study from Victims’ Lenses." Journal of Victimology and Victim Justice, March 25, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/25166069241236911.
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Known to be the oldest crime on earth, human trafficking has existed as an illegal industry from time immemorial. Statistics reveal that every year, 1–2 million men, women and children are trafficked worldwide, and about 0.22 million (225,000) are from South Asia. Amongst the South-Asian countries, India faces a high-ceilinged rate of sex trafficking and although it made its anti-trafficking interventions quite early, with the inclusion of anti-trafficking provisions in its domestic legislation and signed the United Nations Protocol, yet, the problem persisted and assumed alarming proportions. The principal argument that has been offered for the inept human trafficking responses in India is that the different facets of prevention, protection and prosecution centred on the human rights priorities of the victims are not adequately met. The present article is based on an empirical study conducted by the authors to understand the underpinnings of the working of the Indian criminal justice system (CJS) from the lens of victim’s experiences in West Bengal, India. West Bengal is one of the states located in the eastern part of the country, which shares its borders with Bangladesh and Nepal, and acts as an epicentre of sex trafficking in India. To determine whether the anti-trafficking interventions in India, which are largely based on the rhetoric of raid-to-rescue, are attuned to the specific needs of the sex trafficked survivors; the authors attempted to assess their encounters with and confidence in the CJS. They used cross-sectional surveys to collect qualitative data from 40 victims ( n = 40) across three after-care facilities in West Bengal, namely, Sanlaap, International Justice Mission and Mahima. The purpose of using this phenomenological study was to describe the phenomenon as participant-respondents experience them. In conclusion, the authors pinpointed the necessary interventions required at the legal and procedural levels to make the ICJS more responsive towards the needs of the sex-trafficked victims.