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Academic literature on the topic 'Nerfs périphériques – Physiopathologie'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nerfs périphériques – Physiopathologie"
Rigoard, P., S. Bauche, K. Buffenoir, L. Da Costa, N. Boildieu, F. Seguin, J. Koenig, F. Lapierre, and J. M. Maixent. "Caractérisation physiopathologique, moléculaire et métabolique de la jonction neuromusculaire et du nerf périphérique après lésion du système nerveux central chez l’homme." Neurochirurgie 55 (March 2009): S135—S147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuchi.2008.05.011.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Nerfs périphériques – Physiopathologie"
Favereaux, Alexandre. "Etude protéomique du système nerveux périphérique dans les neuropathies autoimmunes démyélinisantes et les maladies à prion." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21027.
Full textThis is a proteomic study of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in two pathological conditions : autoimmune demyelinating neuropathies and prion diseases. We searched for novel antigenic targets, by western-blot analysis, in sera from patients with auto-immune demyelinating neuropathies. Then, we identified these novel antigens by purification and sequencing methods as electro-elution, N-terminal microsequencing and mass spectrometry; On the other hand, we detected prion protein accumulation in the PNS from patients with sporadic Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, by immunohistochemistry and western-blot analysis. We showed that a P0 dimer and a 35 kDa P0-like protein are antigenic targets in some autoimmune demyelinating neuropathies. Besides, we evidenced the protease resistant isoform of the prion protein (PrPsc) in the PNS of some sporadic Creutzfeld-Jakob disease
Ouedraogo, Adama. "Maintenance de la myéline périphérique : physiologie et physiopathologie." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0043/document.
Full textThe synthesis of the myelin sheath by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system is under the control of several transcription factors including Egr2, which was shown to be also involved in the maintenance of peripheral myelin. We set up a new method to study the involvement of various genes in peripheral myelin maintenance, using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to silence target genes in vitro and in vivo. We used modified self-delivery siRNAs to silence candidate genes without using transfection reagents. These siRNAs were first used on organotypic co-cultures of dorsal root ganglia from embryonic rat and then injected into the sciatic nerves of adult rats. We showed that control non-targeting siRNAs did not induce significant demyelination either in co-cultures or in vivo, after direct injection in sciatic nerves. We then showed that anti-Egr2 siRNAs down-regulated in vitro their target gene expression by ~60%. In addition, treatment with anti-Egr2 siRNAs resulted in abnormalities of the myelin sheaths in co-cultures. The injection of anti-Egr2 siRNAs in the sciatic nerves of adult rats induced a significant and rapid demyelination, as shown by the loss of Myelin Protein Zero expression in the injected area on immunohistochemistry experiments (optic microscopy) and by direct evidence of demyelination on epon-embedded transversal sections of sciatic nerves (optic and electron microscopy). These results confirm previous data involving Egr2 in active myelin maintenance, which were obtained using conditional knockout experiments in mice. Injections of anti-Dicer siRNAs similarly induced sciatic nerve demyelination, establishing that Dicer expression in adult peripheral nerves is necessary for proper myelin maintenance. Our results constitute a proof of concept for the use of self-delivery siRNAs to investigate the molecular mechanisms of myelin maintenance in vivo and also to induce a gene-driven demyelination “on demand” in peripheral nerves
Gingras, Marie. "Application du génie tissulaire à l'étude du système nerveux périphérique sensoriel et moteur." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24182/24182.pdf.
Full textEscande-Beillard, Nathalie. "Les anticorps anti-gangliosides associés aux neuropathies périphériques : les molécules CD1 jouent-elles un rôle dans la physiopathologie des maladies du système nerveux ?" Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2002AIX20655.pdf.
Full textHigh affinity anti-gangliosides antibodies and especially anti-GM 1, are frequently described in several acute or chronic peripheral nervous system diseases. Detection of anti-GM1 antibodies varied among laboratories due to the detection method used, such as ELISA or Immuno-Thin-Layer-Chromatography. These neurological diseases get improved under intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment. Few patients suffering from intestinal Campylobacter jejuni (CJ) infection developed anti-gangliosides antibodies and axonal form of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Indeed, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of CJ shares common sugars with gangliosides. Anti-LPS immune response, classically considered as T cell independent response, could involve anti-CD 1 T cells. Indeed, recently CD1 expression was found up regulated in injured nervous system and this has been involved in the presentation of lipidic and glycolipidic antigens to T cells. In a first part, the aim of my thesis was to contribute in improvement of diagnosis and treatment of peripheral neuropathies associated with anti-GM1 antibodies. We developed a new method using flow cytometry to detect anti-GM1 antibodies in patient sera. This method is as sensitive as ELISA method but could be more specific for the diagnosis of chronic and acute motor neuropathy. Finally, we discarded hypothesis that IVIg beneficial effect is due to the presence of anti-idiotypic antibodies. In a second part, developing of a murine experimental model by injection of LPS from CJ allowed us to study mechanisms of anti-ganglioside immune response. We described that CD1 or CD1-restricted T cells were not essential to induce humoral anti-GD3 immune response. However, they might affect control of brain inflammation during an active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. This result was supported by observation of CD1 expression on glial cells and their recognition by some auto-reactive T cells hybridoma
Rigoard, Philippe. "Caractérisation physiopathologique, moléculaire et métabolique de la jonction neuromusculaire et du nerf périphérique après lésion du système nerveux central." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT1405.
Full textPieraut, Simon. "Homéostasie chlorure des ganglions rachidiens dorsaux et physiopathologie du système nerveux périphérique." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20121.
Full textPeripheral nerve injury induces cellular and molecular changes in order to produce functional regeneration. This phenomenon can conduct to post traumatic neuropathies that are responsible for chronic pain and ataxic comportment. During my thesis I have analysed the role of chloride homeostasis in an in vitro model of sensory neuron regeneration and in inflammatory pain. My work showed that sciatic nerve injury in adult mice induced a two-fold increase in the intracellular chloride concentrations of axotomized sensory neurons. I demonstrated that phosphorylation of the Na-K-Cl co-transporter NKCC1 was responsible for this increase. In addition, NKCC1 inhibition led to a decrease in the growth velocity of neurites of axotomized neurons, emphasizing a fundamental role of NKCC1 in the regeneration process. I also elucidated the intracellular signalling pathway leading to NKCC1 phosphorylation and showed a fundamental role of interleukine 6 in the activation of those pathways. In parallel studying inflammatory pain in a mouse model revealed that the rheumatoid arthritis affects chloride homeostasis in peripheral sensory neurons. This change in chloride homeostasis could take part in the induction of pain. Therefore, this work shows for the first time that chloride homeostasis participated in the mechanism of nerve regeneration and likely inflammatory pain process
Ellie, Emmanuel. "Mise au point de cultures de tissu nerveux périphérique destinées à l'étude physiopathologique des neuropathies humaines." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR23094.
Full textManiglier, Madlyne. "Caractérisation de la cellule souche adulte du ganglion de la racine dorsal vers la compréhension de son rôle en condition physiopathologique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066456.
Full textNeural crest-derived stem cells have been identified in various adult tissues including the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). This thesis project aims to identify and characterize the putative adult DRG stem cell. First, we studied the stemness potential of global DRG cell populations. In vitro, within the adult DRG, some cells were able to form multipotent spheres that gave rise to neurons, glia and myofibroblasts. The graft of the DRG cell forming spheres proved their differentiation plasticity in vivo. Depending upon their graft environment; they generate different cell types. In the demyelinating dorsal funiculus of adult Nude mice, they formed myelinating Schwann cells while in the brain of new born Shiverer mice, they produced pericytes integrated within capillaries. Although, the DRG cells seemed to have an interesting stemness potential, their identity and their physiopathological role remain unknown. In order to characterize this stem cell and study its fate within the DRG, we combined several technics with transgenic mouse lines to exclude the diverse DRG candidate cells. We discovered different cells with interesting plasticity. Two types of unipotent progenitors that have the morphology and molecular characteristics of pericyte and endoneurial fibroblast in the adult sciatic nerve and DRG. But most of all, we found that the DRG stem cell has the phenotype of the satellite glial cell (SGC). They proliferate and are bipotente in vitro. In vivo these stem cells generate SGC under normal condition and produce glia more neurons when necessary in pathological condition. Understanding these regulation mechanisms could open the way to new therapeutic strategies for PNS diseases
Esteve, Clothilde. "Génétique et physiopathologie de la maladie de Charcot-Marie-Tooth de type 4H." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5082.
Full textCharcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 4H (CMT4H) is an inherited, autosomal recessive, peripheral neuropathy characterized by demyelination of sensory-motor nerves and due to mutations in FGD4. FGD4 encodes FRABIN, a GDP/GTP nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), specific for the GTPase Cdc42, composed of five functional domains: an N-terminal F-actin binding (FAB) domain, one Dbl homology (DH) domain, two pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, and one cysteine-rich FYVE domain.The main goal of my project is to understand the mechanisms leading to the pathology in CMT4H. To this purpose, I studied both cellular and mouse models.First, molecular screening of FGD4 allowed us to identify two additional mutations in FGD4. We also demonstrated a complete absence of the 105 kDa FRABIN isoform in patients homozygous for splicing and frameshift mutations, which unexpectedly was related to abnormally high levels of Cdc42 activation.The study of a mouse model with conditional ablation of fgd4 in Schwann cells, that we have generated, demonstrates the presence of abnormal myelin outfoldings in sciatic nerves from KO mice, which might be linked to decreased levels of Cd42 in mouse sciatic nerves. Finally, altered recycling of transferrin receptors in patients, with complete absence of FRABIN described above, as well as the identification of SNX3, a protein involved in endosomal trafficking, as a partner for FRABIN are new elements that I provide in favour of a role for FRABIN in membrane and cellular trafficking.Still, there are many points to understand, notably the relation between the RhoGTPase and the endosomal pathways, and the study of our models will help answer these questions
Books on the topic "Nerfs périphériques – Physiopathologie"
R, Besson Jean-Marie, and Guilbaud G, eds. Lesions of primary afferent fibers as a tool for the study of clinical pain. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1991.
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