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Journal articles on the topic 'Nerve agent sarin simulant'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Jiang, Haibo, Pengcheng Wu, Yu Zhang, et al. "Hyperbranched polymer based fluorescent probes for ppt level nerve agent simulant vapor detection." Analytical Methods 9, no. 11 (2017): 1748–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ay03427f.

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2

Kim, Jinuk, Hyewon Park, Jihyun Kim, Byung-Il Seo, and Joo-Hyung Kim. "SAW Chemical Array Device Coated with Polymeric Sensing Materials for the Detection of Nerve Agents." Sensors 20, no. 24 (2020): 7028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247028.

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G nerve agents are colorless, odorless, and lethal chemical warfare agents (CWAs). The threat of CWAs, which cause critical damage to humans, continues to exist, e.g., in warfare or terrorist attacks. Therefore, it is important to be able to detect these agents rapidly and with a high degree of sensitivity. In this study, a surface acoustic wave (SAW) array device with three SAW sensors coated with different sensing materials and one uncoated sensor was tested to determine the most suitable material for the detection of nerve agents and related simulants. The three materials used were polyhedr

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3

Shaik, Mahabul, V. Kameswara Rao, G. V. Ramana, et al. "p-Hexafluoroisopropanol phenyl functionalized graphene for QCM based detection of dimethyl methylphosphonate, a simulant of the nerve agent sarin." RSC Advances 8, no. 15 (2018): 8240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra12272a.

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4

Christesen, Steven D., Jay Pendell Jones, Joseph M. Lochner, and Aaron M. Hyre. "Ultraviolet Raman Spectra and Cross-Sections of the G-series Nerve Agents." Applied Spectroscopy 62, no. 10 (2008): 1078–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370208786049024.

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Ultraviolet (UV) Raman spectroscopy is being applied to the detection of chemical agent contamination of natural and man-made surfaces. In support of these efforts, we have measured the UV Raman signatures of the G-series nerve agents GA (tabun), GB (sarin), GD (soman), GF (cyclosarin), and the agent simulant diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) at 248 nm and 262 nm, as well as taking their UV Raman and UV absorption cross-sections. Of these chemicals, only GA exhibits any significant pre-resonance enhancement. We also show that reduction of the excitation wavelength from 262 nm to 248 nm effe

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5

Zheng, Qi, Yong-chun Fu, and Jia-qiang Xu. "Advances in the chemical sensors for the detection of DMMP — A simulant for nerve agent sarin." Procedia Engineering 7 (2010): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2010.11.027.

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6

Yekta, Sina, Meysam Sadeghi, Daryoush Mirzaei, Abedin Zabardasti, and Saeid Farhadi. "Removal of nerve agent sarin simulant from aqueous solution using the ZSM-5/CoFe2O4 NPs adsorbent." Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society 16, no. 2 (2018): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13738-018-1504-y.

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7

Pourya, Zarshenas, Sadeghi Meysam, and Mahmoudi Alemi Mohammad. "Synthesis of Novel CuO/ZnFe2O4/NaA Zeolite Nanocomposite Adsorbent for the Decontamination of Nerve Agent Sarin Simulant." Journal of Materials and Polymer Science 2, no. 1 (2022): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5883137.

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The aim of present research is to evaluate the decontamination of nerve agent sarin simulant dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) in water media using the CuO/ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/NaA zeolite as a novel ternary nanocomposite adsorbent. In this regard, the CuO and ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4 </sub>nanoparticles were successfully synthesized within the NaA zeolite applying the ultrasound-assisted hydrothermal route and characterized via XRD, FESEM, FTIR, EDAX, VSM and BET analyses. Then, the CuO/ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/NaA nanocomposite activity was investigated for the decontamination

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8

Yang, Junchao, Liu Yang, Ting Liang, et al. "High-Performance Sn2+-Doped CuFe2O4-Based Resistance Gas Sensor for the Detection of the Sarin Simulant DMMP." Sensors 25, no. 10 (2025): 3042. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25103042.

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Sarin is an extremely toxic and fast-acting chemical warfare nerve agent that poses a serious threat to human health, necessitating the development of appropriate sensing technologies. Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), which has a chemical structure similar to that of sarin but is non-toxic, is often used as a simulation agent in related research. Among promising gas-sensing materials, CuFe2O4 exhibits suitable thermal stability. It is easily produced and has low toxicity. Its performance can be enhanced using heterogeneous ion doping to increase the number of surface defects and content of a

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9

Huang, Wen-Chien, and Hong-Ru Chen. "Application of Cotton Swab–Ag Composite as Flexible Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate for DMMP Detection." Molecules 28, no. 2 (2023): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020520.

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It is both important and required to quickly and accurately detect chemical warfare agents, such as the highly toxic nerve agent sarin. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has received considerable attention due to its rapid results, high sensitivity, non-destructive data acquisition, and unique spectroscopic fingerprint. In this work, we successfully prepared SERS cotton swabs (CSs) for the detection of the sarin simulant agent dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) by anchoring N1-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) diethylenetriamine (ATS)/silver nanoparticle (AgNP) nanocomposites on CSs using ATS a

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10

Sava Gallis, Dorina F., Jacob A. Harvey, Charles J. Pearce, et al. "Efficient MOF-based degradation of organophosphorus compounds in non-aqueous environments." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 7 (2018): 3038–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta10794c.

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11

Lama, Sanjeeb, Sumita Subedi, Sivalingam Ramesh, Kyeongho Shin, Young-Jun Lee, and Joo-Hyung Kim. "Synthesis and Characterization of MnO2@Cellulose and Polypyrrole-Decorated MnO2@Cellulose for the Detection of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant." Materials 15, no. 20 (2022): 7313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15207313.

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Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) have been threatening human civilization and its existence because of their rapid response, toxic, and irreversible nature. The hybrid nanostructured composites were synthesized by the hydrothermal process to detect the dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP), a simulant of G-series nerve agents, especially sarin. Cellulose (CE), manganese oxide cellulose (MnO2@CE), and MnO2@CE/polypyrrole (PPy) exhibited a frequency shift of 0.4, 4.8, and 8.9 Hz, respectively, for a DMMP concentration of 25 ppm in the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). In surface acoustic wave (SAW)

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12

Nurazzi, N. M., M. M. Harussani, N. D. Siti Zulaikha, A. H. Norhana, M. Imran Syakir, and A. Norli. "Composites based on conductive polymer with carbon nanotubes in DMMP gas sensors – an overview." Polimery 66, no. 2 (2021): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2021.2.1.

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A number of recent terrorist attacks make it clear that rapid response, high sensitivity and stability are essential in the development of chemical sensors for the detection of chemical warfare agents. Nerve agent sarin [2-(fluoro-methyl-phosphoryl) oxypropane] is an organophosphate (OP) compound that is recognized as one of the most toxic chemical warfare agents. Considering sarin’s high toxicity, being odorless and colorless, dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) is widely used as its simulant in the laboratory because of its similar chemical structure and much lower toxicity. Thus, this review

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13

Bocoș-Bințințan, Victor, Paul-Flaviu Bocoș-Bințințan, Tomáš Rozsypal, and Mihail Simion Beldean-Galea. "Trace Detection of Di-Isopropyl Methyl Phosphonate DIMP, a By-Product, Precursor, and Simulant of Sarin, Using Either Ion Mobility Spectrometry or GC-MS." Toxics 13, no. 2 (2025): 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13020102.

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Di-isopropyl methyl phosphonate (DIMP) has no major commercial uses but is a by-product or a precursor in the synthesis of the nerve agent sarin (GB). Also, DIMP is utilized as a simulant compound for the chemical warfare agents sarin and soman in order to test and calibrate sensitive IMS instrumentation that warns against the deadly chemical weapons. DIMP was measured from 2 ppbv (15 μg m−3) to 500 ppbv in the air using a pocket-held ToF ion mobility spectrometer, model LCD-3.2E, with a non-radioactive ionization source and ammonia doping in positive ion mode. Excellent sensitivity (LoD of 0.

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14

Pourya, Zarshenas, Sadeghi Meysam, and Mahmoudi Alemi Mohammad. "Development and Synthesis of New Zeolite Nanocomposite Adsorbent CuO/ZnFe2O4/NaA for Inactivation of New Drug Sarin Simulator." Journal of Nanomedicine Research (ISSN: 2377-4282) 5, no. 1 (2022): 1049. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5965007.

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The aim of present research is to evaluate the decontamination of nerve agent sarin simulant Dimethyl Methyl Phosphonate (DMMP) in water media using the CuO/ZnFe2O4/NaA zeolite as a novel ternary nanocomposite adsorbent. In this regard, the CuO and ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized within the NaA zeolite applying the ultrasound-assisted hydrothermal route and characterized via XRD, FESEM, FTIR, EDAX, VSM and BET analyses. Then, the CuO/ZnFe2O4/NaA nanocomposite activity was investigated for the decontamination of DMMP molecule and monitored by a GC-FID and GC-MS analyses. Plu

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15

Fiorani, Luca, Claudio Ciceroni, Isabella Giardina, and Fabio Pollastrone. "Rapid Non-Contact Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents by Laser Photoacoustic Spectroscopy." Sensors 24, no. 1 (2023): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24010201.

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Nerve agents have recently been used in battlefield operations, espionage wars, and terrorist attacks. These compounds, like some pesticides, cause organophosphate poisoning. The rapid, noncontact detection of a sarin simulant in the liquid phase has been demonstrated at the Diagnostics and Metrology Laboratory of the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development using laser photoacoustic spectroscopy, an infrared absorption technology. The first measurements, carried out with an experimental system based on a quantum cascade laser and developed for

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16

Wang, Xuwei, Yimeng Liu, Peng Sun, Shuyuan Zhou, Piaoping Yang, and Yanchun Dong. "Thermocatalytic Decomposition of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate Using CuO/ZrO2 Catalysts with Hollow Microsphere Morphology." Processes 13, no. 3 (2025): 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13030779.

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Nerve agents, a highly toxic class of chemical warfare agents, pose serious risks to human health and social stability. Metal oxides are commonly used as catalysts to break down these agents through thermocatalytic decomposition. In particular, bimetallic oxide catalysts offer enhanced stability and catalytic efficiency due to their synergistic effects. In this study, CuO/ZrO2 composite catalysts with varying Cu/Zr ratios were synthesized using a secondary hydrothermal method, resulting in a hollow microsphere morphology. The catalytic efficiency of these composites in thermocatalytically deco

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17

Brito-Brito, Zabdiel, Jesús Salvador Velázquez-González, Fermín Mira, et al. "Wireless Sensor Node for Chemical Agent Detection." Chemosensors 12, no. 9 (2024): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12090185.

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In this manuscript, we present in detail the design and implementation of the hardware and software to produce a standalone wireless sensor node, called SensorQ system, for the detection of a toxic chemical agent. The proposed wireless sensor node prototype is composed of a micro-controller unit (MCU), a radio frequency (RF) transceiver, a dual-band antenna, a rechargeable battery, a voltage regulator, and four integrated sensing devices, all of them integrated in a package with final dimensions and weight of 200 × 80 × 60 mm and 0.422 kg, respectively. The proposed SensorQ prototype operates

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18

Brito-Brito, Z., JS Velázquez-González, F. Mira, et al. "Wireless Sensor Node for Chemical Agent Detection." Chemosensors 12, no. 9 (2024): 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12090185.

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In this manuscript, we present in detail the design and implementation of the hardware and software to produce a standalone wireless sensor node, called SensorQ system, for the detection of a toxic chemical agent. The proposed wireless sensor node prototype is composed of a micro-controller unit (MCU), a radio frequency (RF) transceiver, a dual-band antenna, a rechargeable battery, a voltage regulator, and four integrated sensing devices, all of them integrated in a package with final dimensions and weight of 200 × 80 × 60 mm and 0.422 kg, respectively. The proposed SensorQ prototype operates

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19

Yun, Kwang-Hyun, Ky-Youl Yun, Geon-Young Cha, et al. "Gas Sensing Characteristics of ZnO-doped SnO₂ Sensors for Simulants of the Chemical Agents." Materials Science Forum 486-487 (June 2005): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.486-487.9.

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After the 9∙11 terrorism and America-Iraq war, apprehension of mass destruction weapons such as bio-chemical agents calls for much more sensitive sensors which can detect toxic gases. In this study, semiconductor gas sensors based on tin oxide were examined to detect chemical agent simulants: dimethyl-methyl-phosponate (DMMP), di(propylene glycol) methyl ether (DPGME), acetonitrile, and dichloromethane. DMMP((CH3O)3), DPGME(C7H16O3), acetonitrile(CH3CN), and dichloromethane(CH2Cl2) gases are the simulants of nerve agent-sarin, vesicant agent-HN(N(CH2CH2Cl)3), blood agent-AC(HCN), and choking a

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20

Kim, Jinuk, Eunhyun Kim, Jihyun Kim, et al. "Four-Channel Monitoring System with Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors for Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 11 (2020): 7151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18851.

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Recently, efforts have been made to adapt surface acoustic waves (SAWs) for use in chemical sensors for detection of chemical warfare agents (CWAs). In this study, a four-channel real-time CWA detection system was constructed using four 250-MHz SAW sensors. Each system consists of three different chemical sensors and one reference sensor. The reference sensor compensates for frequency variations according to humidity and temperature conditions. Signals from the SAW sensors can be checked on a PC-based graphical user interface without additional measuring equipment. To measure dimethyl methylph

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21

Wang, Xuechun, Jingyuan Liu, Rumin Li та ін. "Hierarchical Nanoheterostructure of HFIP-Grafted α-Fe2O3@Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes as High-Performance Chemiresistive Sensors for Nerve Agents". Nanomaterials 14, № 3 (2024): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14030305.

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New and efficient sensors of nerve agents are urgently demanded to prevent them from causing mass casualties in war or terrorist attacks. So, in this work, a novel hierarchical nanoheterostructure was synthesized via the direct growth of α-Fe2O3 nanorods onto multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) backbones. Then, the composites were functionalized with hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and successfully applied to detect dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP)-sarin simulant gas. The observations show that the HFIP-α-Fe2O3@MWCNT hybrids exhibit outstanding DMMP-sensing performance, including low operating tem

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22

Wang, Xuwei, Peng Sun, Ziwang Zhao, et al. "Effects of the ZrO2 Crystalline Phase and Morphology on the Thermocatalytic Decomposition of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate." Nanomaterials 14, no. 7 (2024): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14070611.

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Thermocatalytic decomposition is an efficient purification technology that is potentially applicable to degrading chemical warfare agents and industrial toxic gases. In particular, ZrO2 has attracted attention as a catalyst for the thermocatalytic decomposition of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), which is a simulant of the nerve gas sarin. However, the influence of the crystal phase and morphology on the catalytic performance of ZrO2 requires further exploration. In this study, monoclinic- and tetragonal-phase ZrO2 (m- and t-ZrO2, respectively) with nanoparticle, flower-like shape and hollow

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23

Kong, Weimin, Shuyuan Zhou, Xuwei Wang, et al. "Catalytic Oxidative Decomposition of Dimethyl Methyl Phosphonate over CuO/CeO2 Catalysts Prepared Using a Secondary Alkaline Hydrothermal Method." Catalysts 12, no. 10 (2022): 1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12101277.

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Bimetallic synergism plays an important role in lattice-doped catalysts. Therefore, lattice-doped bimetallic CuO/CeO2 catalysts were prepared by secondary alkaline hydrothermal reaction. During this process, the CeO2 nanomaterials were partially dissolved and recrystallized; thus, Cu ions were doped into the CeO2 lattice. The physical and chemical properties of CeO2, CuO/CeO2, and CuO were investigated. H2 temperature-programmed reduction characterization showed that the oxidation activity of CuO/CeO2 was significantly improved. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that electron tra

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24

Singh, Virendra V., Kevin Kaufmann, Jahir Orozco, et al. "Micromotor-based on–off fluorescence detection of sarin and soman simulants." Chemical Communications 51, no. 56 (2015): 11190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc04120a.

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25

Kassa, Jiří, Zuzana Kročová, and Josef Vachek. "Long Term Alteration of Immune Functions Following Low Level Exposure to Sarin in Rats." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 43, no. 3 (2000): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2019.119.

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1. Long term alteration of immune functions caused by low doses of nerve agent sarin were studied in rats exposed to sarin by inhalation. The alteration of immune functions by sarin was monitored by using two methods (the evaluation of in vitro spontaneous as well as stimulated proliferation of spleen cells and in vitro bactericidal activity of peritoneal macrophages) at 3, 6 and 12 months following sarin exposure. 2. The results indicate that not only symptomatic but also asymptomatic dose of sarin is able to alter some immune functions at six and twelve months following exposure to sarin. 3.

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26

Hou, Yujiao, Haiyan An, Shenzhen Chang, and Jie Zhang. "Versatile catalysts constructed from hybrid polyoxomolybdates for simultaneously detoxifying sulfur mustard and organophosphate simulants." Catalysis Science & Technology 9, no. 10 (2019): 2445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cy00094a.

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Twelve new hybrid dimers based on carboxylic acid ligand modified polyoxomolybdates were prepared, which can rapidly oxidize the mustard gas simulant, CEES, and hydrolyze the nerve agent simulant, DECP, at room temperature.

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27

Sawyer, Thomas W., John Mikler, Catherine Tenn, Stephen Bjarnason, and Robert Frew. "Non-cholinergic intervention of sarin nerve agent poisoning." Toxicology 294, no. 2-3 (2012): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2012.02.003.

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28

Allgardsson, Anders, Lotta Berg, Christine Akfur, et al. "Structure of a prereaction complex between the nerve agent sarin, its biological target acetylcholinesterase, and the antidote HI-6." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 20 (2016): 5514–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1523362113.

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Organophosphorus nerve agents interfere with cholinergic signaling by covalently binding to the active site of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This inhibition causes an accumulation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, potentially leading to overstimulation of the nervous system and death. Current treatments include the use of antidotes that promote the release of functional AChE by an unknown reactivation mechanism. We have used diffusion trap cryocrystallography and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to determine and analyze prereaction conformers of the nerve agent antid

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29

Butrow, Ann B., James H. Buchanan, and David E. Tevault. "Vapor Pressure of Organophosphorus Nerve Agent Simulant Compounds." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 54, no. 6 (2009): 1876–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je8010024.

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Kim, Yun-Tae, Seongwoo Lee, Sanghwan Park, and Chang Young Lee. "Graphene chemiresistors modified with functionalized triphenylene for highly sensitive and selective detection of dimethyl methylphosphonate." RSC Advances 9, no. 58 (2019): 33976–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra07186e.

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Young, Adam J., Rémy Guillet-Nicolas, Ellis S. Marshall, et al. "Direct ink writing of catalytically active UiO-66 polymer composites." Chemical Communications 55, no. 15 (2019): 2190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc10018g.

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32

Kassa, Jiří. "A Comparison of the Therapeutic Efficacy of Conventional and Modern Oximes Against Supralethal Doses of Highly Toxic Organophosphates in Mice." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 41, no. 1 (1998): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2019.162.

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1. The therapeutic efficacy of various oximes (pralidoxime, obidoxime, methoxime, HI-6, HLö-7, BI-6) against supralethal nerve agent poisoning (soman, sarin, cyclosin) in mice was tested. 2. New oxime BI-6, synthesized in our laboratory, is significantly more efficacious than conventional oximes but a little less efficacious than other H-oximes (HI- 6, HLö-7). 3. H-oximes (HI-6, HLö-7) seem to be the most efficacious reactivators of nerve agent-inhibited acetylcholinesterase for antidotal treatment of supralethal nerve agent poisoning in mice.

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Mahapatra, Ajit Kumar, Kalipada Maiti, Saikat Kumar Manna, et al. "A cyclization-induced emission enhancement (CIEE)-based ratiometric fluorogenic and chromogenic probe for the facile detection of a nerve agent simulant DCP." Chemical Communications 51, no. 47 (2015): 9729–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc02991k.

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Devulapalli, Venkata Swaroopa Datta, Mélissandre Richard, Tian-Yi Luo, Mattheus L. De Souza, Nathaniel L. Rosi, and Eric Borguet. "Tuning the Lewis acidity of metal–organic frameworks for enhanced catalysis." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 9 (2021): 3116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt00180a.

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Kuča, Kamil, Jiří Cabal, Jiří Kassa, Daniel Jun, and Martina Hrabinová. "A Comparison of the Potency of the Oxime HLö-7 and Currently Used Oximes (HI-6, Pralidoxime, Obidoxime) to Reactivate Nerve Agent-Inhibited Rat Brain Acetylcholinesterase by in vitro Methods." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 48, no. 2 (2005): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2018.36.

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1. The efficacy of the oxime HLö-7 and currently used oximes (pralidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6) to reactivate acetylcholinesterase inhibited by various nerve agents (sarin, tabun, cyclosarin, VX) was tested by in vitro methods. 2. Both H oximes (HLö-7, HI-6) were found to be more efficacious reactivators of sarin and VX-inhibited acetylcholinesterase than pralidoxime and obidoxime. On the other hand, their potency to reactivate tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase is very low and does not reach the reactivating efficacy of obidoxime. In the case of cyclosarin, the oxime HI-6 was only found to be a

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Wilson, Craig, Nicholas J. Cooper, Michael E. Briggs, Andrew I. Cooper, and Dave J. Adams. "Investigating the breakdown of the nerve agent simulant methyl paraoxon and chemical warfare agents GB and VX using nitrogen containing bases." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 16, no. 47 (2018): 9285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ob02475h.

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Chung, You Kyoung, Seonggyun Ha, Tae Gyun Woo, Young Dok Kim, Changsik Song, and Seong Kyu Kim. "Binding thiourea derivatives with dimethyl methylphosphonate for sensing nerve agents." RSC Advances 9, no. 19 (2019): 10693–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra00314b.

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Binding energies and geometries of 1 : 1 complexes formed between nerve agent simulant DMMP and 13 thiourea derivatives (TUn) were calculated and compared with the sensing efficiencies of TUn from QCM analysis.

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Hemmert, Andrew C., Tamara C. Otto, Monika Wierdl, et al. "Human Carboxylesterase 1 Stereoselectively Binds the Nerve Agent Cyclosarin and Spontaneously Hydrolyzes the Nerve Agent Sarin." Molecular Pharmacology 77, no. 4 (2010): 508–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/mol.109.062356.

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39

Maria, Marco A., and Alexandre F. Fonseca. "Sarin and Air Permeation Through a Nanoporous Graphene." MRS Advances 5, no. 27-28 (2020): 1475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.149.

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ABSTRACTSarin gas is a dangerous chemical warfare agent (CWA). It is a nerve agent capable of bringing a person to death in about 15 minutes. A lethal concentration of sarin molecules in air is about 30 mg/m3. Experimental research on this gas requires very careful safety protocols for handling and storage. Therefore, theoretical and computational studies on sarin gas are very welcome and might provide important safe guides towards the management of this lethal substance. In this work, we investigated the interactions between sarin, air and nanoporous graphene, using tools of classical molecul

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Gangemi, Chiara Maria Antonietta, Ugne Rimkaite, Andrea Pappalardo, and Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto. "Light-up photoluminescence sensing of a nerve agent simulant by a bis-porphyrin–salen–UO2 complex." RSC Advances 11, no. 22 (2021): 13047–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra01397a.

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The exposure of a nerve agent simulant to a fluorogenic sensor results in a significant increase in fluorescence response, allowing the construction of a paper test for the naked-eye detection of DMMP.

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Gu, Qiamin, Chuanxin Zhao, Hailing Xi, Min Liu, and Gaoyun Chen. "Study on the Degradation Effect of Three Organophosphorus Hydrolase Mutant on Sarin." E3S Web of Conferences 271 (2021): 03054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127103054.

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Organophosphorus hydrolase can effectively degrade organic phosphorus compounds such as sarin. In this study, we constructed a recombinant Bacillus subtilis mutant expressing organophosphorus hydrolase, measured the effect of the mutant on the degradation rate of nerve agent sarin, and selected the optimal mutation scheme. Three different hydrolase mutant genes, 257L, 257Y and 303T, were ligated to PMA0911 vector and transferred into Bacillus subtilis WB800 to construct the target recombinant strain successfully. The recombinant bacteria secreted the target protein by fermentation. The effect

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Kassa, Jiří, Gabriela Krejčová, and Josef Vachek. "The Impairment of Spatial Memory Following Low-Level Sarin Inhalation Exposure and Antidotal Treatment in Rats." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 45, no. 4 (2002): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2019.72.

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1. To study the influence of antidotes on low-level sarin-induced impairment of cognitive functions, the rats were exposed to three various low concentrations of sarin (LEVEL 1–3) for 60 minutes in the inhalation chamber. In addition, one group of rats was exposed to LEVEL 2 of sarin repeatedly. 2. Testing of cognitive functions was carried out using the Y-maze evaluating learning and spatial memory. The correct averse behavior of sarin-exposed rats in the Y-maze was tested several times within four weeks following sarin inhalation exposure and antidotal treatment to look for any cognitive imp

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Bajgar, Jiří, Jiří Cabal, Jiří Kassa, and Michal Pavlík. "Natural Detoxification Capacity to Inactivate Nerve Agents Sarin and VX in the Rat Blood." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 58, no. 4 (2015): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2016.4.

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Background: The method of continual determination of the rat blood cholinesterase activity was developed to study the changes of the blood cholinesterases following different intervetions. Aims: The aim of this study is registration of cholinesterase activity in the rat blood and its changes to demonstrate detoxification capacity of rats to inactivate sarin or VX in vivo. Methods: The groups of female rats were premedicated (ketamine and xylazine) and cannulated to a. femoralis. Continual blood sampling (0.02 ml/min) and monitoring of the circulating blood cholinesterase activity were performe

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Kassa, Jiří, Marie Koupilová, Josef Herink, and Josef Vachek. "The Long Term Influence of Low-Level Sarin Exposure on Behavioral and Neurophysiological Functions in Rats." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 44, no. 1 (2001): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2019.82.

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1. Long term effects of low doses of highly toxic organophosphorus agent sarin on behavioral and neurophysiological functions were studied in rats exposed to sarin by inhalation. The toxic effects of sarin were monitored using a functional observational battery (FOB), an automatic measurement of motor activity and a test of excitability of central nervous system at 3, 6 and 12 months following sarin exposure. 2. The results indicate that sarin at symptomatic as well as asymptomatic doses (level 2 and 3) is able to induce some neurotoxic effects (a decrease in activity and mobility, an alterati

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Horrillo, M. C., J. Martí, D. Matatagui, et al. "Single-walled carbon nanotube microsensors for nerve agent simulant detection." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 157, no. 1 (2011): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.03.059.

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Zhang, Kai, Xingyun Cao, Zhiyan Zhang, Yong Cheng, and Ying-Hua Zhou. "MIL-101(Cr) with incorporated polypyridine zinc complexes for efficient degradation of a nerve agent simulant: spatial isolation of active sites promoting catalysis." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 6 (2021): 1995–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt04048g.

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To achieve the spatial isolation of active sites, zinc polypyridine complexes were incorporated into MIL-101(Cr). Compared with zinc complex without MOF support, the resulting catalyst was highly active for degradation of a nerve agent simulant.

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Kassa, Jiri, Christopher M. Timperley, Mike Bird, A. Christopher Green, and John E. H. Tattersall. "Influence of Experimental End Point on the Therapeutic Efficacy of Essential and Additional Antidotes in Organophosphorus Nerve Agent-Intoxicated Mice." Toxics 10, no. 4 (2022): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10040192.

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The therapeutic efficacy of treatments for acute intoxication with highly toxic organophosphorus compounds, called nerve agents, usually involves determination of LD50 values 24 h after nerve agent challenge without and with a single administration of the treatment. Herein, the LD50 values of four nerve agents (sarin, soman, tabun and cyclosarin) for non-treated and treated intoxication were investigated in mice for experimental end points of 6 and 24 h. The LD50 values of the nerve agents were evaluated by probit-logarithmical analysis of deaths within 6 and 24 h of i.m. challenge of the nerv

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Swami, Devyani, Hitendra N. Karade, Jyotiranjan Acharya, and Pravin Kumar. "In vivo protection studies of bis-quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(pyridin-3-yl) acetamide derivatives against sarin poisoning in mice." Human & Experimental Toxicology 36, no. 1 (2016): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327116637109.

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In vivo antidotal efficacy of new bis- quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)- N-(pyridin-3yl) acetamide derivatives (HNK series), to counter multiples of lethal doses of nerve agent sarin (GB) and reactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), was evaluated in Swiss albino mice. [Protection index PI; median lethal dose (LD50) of sarin with treatment/LD50 of sarin] was estimated, using 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 LD50 as treatment doses of all the oximes with atropine against sarin poisoning. Dose-dependent time course study was conducted at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 LD50 dose of sarin for estimating maximum AChE inhibiti

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Keegan, Thomas J., Lucy M. Carpenter, Claire Brooks, Toby Langdon, and Katherine M. Venables. "O5C.5 Sarin exposures in a cohort of british military participants in human experimental research at porton down 1945–1987." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (2019): A46.3—A47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.126.

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BackgroundThe effects of exposure to chemical warfare agents in humans are topical. Porton Down, near Salisbury, is the UK’s centre for research on chemical warfare. Since WWI, a programme of experiments involving approximately 30 000 participants drawn from the UK armed services has been undertaken there.ObjectivesOur aim is to report on exposures to nerve agents, particularly sarin, using detailed exposure data in a cohort of servicemen who attended Porton Down.MethodsWe have used existing data on exposures to UK servicemen who attended the human volunteer programme at Porton Down to examine

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Abbas, Zafar, Usha Yadav, Ray J. Butcher, and Ashis K. Patra. "Luminescent heteroleptic Eu(iii) probes for the selective detection of diethyl chlorophosphate as a G-series nerve agent mimic in the vapor phase using solid-state films." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 31 (2021): 10037–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc01685g.

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The reactive luminescent europium(iii)-based solid-state probes Eu(o-OH) and Eu(p-OH) were designed for the selective vapor phase detection of diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP), a G-series nerve agent simulant, via modulation of energy transfer to Eu(iii).

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