Academic literature on the topic 'Nervous system – Invertebrates'

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Journal articles on the topic "Nervous system – Invertebrates"

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O'Shea, M. "Introduction to neuropeptides: perspectives for the parasitologist." Parasitology 102, S1 (1991): S71—S75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000073303.

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At the cellular and molecular levels, the small and simpler nervous systems of invertebrates do not differ fundamentally from the larger more complex ones of vertebrates. It seems therefore that the special properties of the human brain arise more from the fact that it has ten trillion cellular components than from any unusual properties of the components themselves. By studying invertebrates we can gain insight into what basic functions are performed by the cells and molecules of the nervous system and this will contribute to a more fundamental understanding of what goes on in a system in which the same functions are performed by uncountable numbers of neurones. Invertebrate studies are also important for an entirely different reason; they are interesting and important in their own right. Moreover, a relatively small number of invertebrates are pests; either parasites, vectors of serious parasitic diseases or pests of our agricultural production. It is no accident that most of the methods that are used to control such organisms act on their nervous system. That is because the nervous system is a complex chemical machine which works through a great variety of chemical interactions between a wide diversity of receptors and ligands. Many currently used control methods work because they disrupt these interactions. For this reason I would imagine that the new generation of compounds developed to control invertebrates will depend for their activity on interactions with the nervous system. Since most of the chemical effectors (transmitters, modulators and hormones) in the nervous system are peptides, a number of these newly developed approaches will depend upon a fundamental knowledge of peptidergic systems in parasites. This essay is about peptidergic systems and indicates how we might exploit their vulner-ability to interference.
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Deidda, Irene, Roberta Russo, Rosa Bonaventura, Caterina Costa, Francesca Zito, and Nadia Lampiasi. "Neurotoxicity in Marine Invertebrates: An Update." Biology 10, no. 2 (2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10020161.

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Invertebrates represent about 95% of existing species, and most of them belong to aquatic ecosystems. Marine invertebrates are found at intermediate levels of the food chain and, therefore, they play a central role in the biodiversity of ecosystems. Furthermore, these organisms have a short life cycle, easy laboratory manipulation, and high sensitivity to marine pollution and, therefore, they are considered to be optimal bioindicators for assessing detrimental chemical agents that are related to the marine environment and with potential toxicity to human health, including neurotoxicity. In general, albeit simple, the nervous system of marine invertebrates is composed of neuronal and glial cells, and it exhibits biochemical and functional similarities with the vertebrate nervous system, including humans. In recent decades, new genetic and transcriptomic technologies have made the identification of many neural genes and transcription factors homologous to those in humans possible. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and altered levels of neurotransmitters are some of the aspects of neurotoxic effects that can also occur in marine invertebrate organisms. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of major marine pollutants, such as heavy metals, pesticides, and micro and nano-plastics, with a focus on their neurotoxic effects in marine invertebrate organisms. This review could be a stimulus to bio-research towards the use of invertebrate model systems other than traditional, ethically questionable, time-consuming, and highly expensive mammalian models.
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Bittner, G. "Zoophysiology: Nervous System Regeneration in the Invertebrates." Trends in Neurosciences 20, no. 1 (1997): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-2236(96)60039-3.

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van Haeften, Theo, and Floris G. Wouterlood. "Methods for studying the nervous system of invertebrates." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 69, no. 1 (1996): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0270(96)00015-5.

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Juricek, Ludmila, and Xavier Coumoul. "The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and the Nervous System." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9 (2018): 2504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092504.

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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (or AhR) is a cytoplasmic receptor of pollutants. It translocates into the nucleus upon binding to its ligands, and forms a heterodimer with ARNT (AhR nuclear translocator). The heterodimer is a transcription factor, which regulates the transcription of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Expressed in many cells in vertebrates, it is mostly present in neuronal cell types in invertebrates, where it regulates dendritic morphology or feeding behavior. Surprisingly, few investigations have been conducted to unravel the function of the AhR in the central or peripheral nervous systems of vertebrates. In this review, we will present how the AhR regulates neural functions in both invertebrates and vertebrates as deduced mainly from the effects of xenobiotics. We will introduce some of the molecular mechanisms triggered by the well-known AhR ligand, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), which impact on neuronal proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Finally, we will point out the common features found in mice that are exposed to pollutants, and in AhR knockout mice.
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Singh, Rajani. "Is the Tubular Nervous System Related with the Development of Skeletal Muscle in Chordates? – A Review." Journal of Morphological Sciences 35, no. 04 (2018): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675617.

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AbstractMany theories and arguments have been proposed regarding the ancestors of the vertebrates and the factors that lead to the evolution of the tubular nervous system. Invertebrates had simpler smooth muscles. Vertebrates acquired additional skeletal muscles. The skeletal muscles were found to be associated with a new type of tubular nervous system. There were three stages in the evolution of the nervous system. The most primitive was the network type, in which there was neither a polarization nor a centralization of neurons. The second stage was characterized by the evolution of a ganglionic nervous system. Then, the tubular type of nervous system appeared for the first time in chordates. Therefore, the author hypothesizes that the skeletal muscle developed simultaneously with the tubular nervous system. The chorda mesoderm and, thereby, the skeletal muscle, induced the formation of a tubular nervous system in chordates. In the present article, the author aims to analyze the nervous system, starting from invertebrates and moving on to chordates.
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Frasnelli, Elisa, Giorgio Vallortigara, and Lesley J. Rogers. "Left–right asymmetries of behaviour and nervous system in invertebrates." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 36, no. 4 (2012): 1273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.02.006.

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RIDGWAY, RICHARD L., and STACIA B. MOFFETT. "Introduction to the Symposium: Nervous System Regeneration in the Invertebrates." American Zoologist 28, no. 4 (1988): 1051–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/28.4.1051.

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Burrell, Brian D. "Comparative biology of pain: What invertebrates can tell us about how nociception works." Journal of Neurophysiology 117, no. 4 (2017): 1461–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00600.2016.

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The inability to adequately treat chronic pain is a worldwide health care crisis. Pain has both an emotional and a sensory component, and this latter component, nociception, refers specifically to the detection of damaging or potentially damaging stimuli. Nociception represents a critical interaction between an animal and its environment and exhibits considerable evolutionary conservation across species. Using comparative approaches to understand the basic biology of nociception could promote the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat pain, and studies of nociception in invertebrates can provide especially useful insights toward this goal. Both vertebrates and invertebrates exhibit segregated sensory pathways for nociceptive and nonnociceptive information, injury-induced sensitization to nociceptive and nonnociceptive stimuli, and even similar antinociceptive modulatory processes. In a number of invertebrate species, the central nervous system is understood in considerable detail, and it is often possible to record from and/or manipulate single identifiable neurons through either molecular genetic or physiological approaches. Invertebrates also provide an opportunity to study nociception in an ethologically relevant context that can provide novel insights into the nature of how injury-inducing stimuli produce persistent changes in behavior. Despite these advantages, invertebrates have been underutilized in nociception research. In this review, findings from invertebrate nociception studies are summarized, and proposals for how research using invertebrates can address questions about the fundamental mechanisms of nociception are presented.
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Arendt, Detlev, Alexandru S. Denes, Gáspár Jékely, and Kristin Tessmar-Raible. "The evolution of nervous system centralization." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1496 (2008): 1523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2242.

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It is yet unknown when and in what form the central nervous system in Bilateria first came into place and how it further evolved in the different bilaterian phyla. To find out, a series of recent molecular studies have compared neurodevelopment in slow-evolving deuterostome and protostome invertebrates, such as the enteropneust hemichordate Saccoglossus and the polychaete annelid Platynereis . These studies focus on the spatially different activation and, when accessible, function of genes that set up the molecular anatomy of the neuroectoderm and specify neuron types that emerge from distinct molecular coordinates. Complex similarities are detected, which reveal aspects of neurodevelopment that most likely occurred already in a similar manner in the last common ancestor of the bilaterians, Urbilateria. This way, different aspects of the molecular architecture of the urbilaterian nervous system are reconstructed and yield insight into the degree of centralization that was in place in the bilaterian ancestors.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nervous system – Invertebrates"

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Aldworth, Zane Nathan. "Characterization of the neural codebook in an invertebrate sensory system." Diss., Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/aldworth/AldworthZ1207.pdf.

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Atkins, Gordon J. "Identified, sound-sensitive interneurons in the cricket : response properties, morphology, and relationships between structure and function." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72091.

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The responses and morphology of nine sound-sensitive interneurons are described in the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus. Each of the neurons receives direction-specific input in the prothoracic ganglion, and each projects at least one interganglionic axon. Five of the neurons respond best to high frequencies ($>$10 kHz); four are most sensitive to low frequencies (3-10 kHz). Responsiveness to model calling songs was examined in addition to testing sensitivity to wind and light. Anatomical observations reveal that seven of the neurons receive auditory input via polysynaptic pathways, and that at least five of the neurons have morphology consistent with them providing input to mesothoracic motor neurons which are involved in behavioral responses to sound. Correlations between structure, topographic organization, and spectral sensitivity were found. The structure of one previously identified, auditory neuron was examined and found to change during late post-embryonic life. This represents a novel developmental pattern.
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Wang, Alice Wu. "Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor heterogeneity in the central nervous system of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 1998.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 1998.<br>Adviser: Barry A. Trimmer. Submitted to the Dept. of Biology. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-105). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Zayas, Ventura Ricardo Manuel. "Nitric oxide/cyclic GMP signaling in the central nervous system of Manduca sexta larvae /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2003.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2003.<br>Adviser: Barry A. Trimmer. Submitted to the Dept. of Biology. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-164). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Colbert, Richard Adrian. "Nitric oxide signalling in the nervous system of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390089.

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Thon, Bernard. "Preparation a l'action et processus d'acquisition : une approche experimentale chez l'insecte." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30005.

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La premiere partie de ce travail concerne l'analyse des relations entre activite cardiaque et comportement chez la mouche calliphora. Le coeur de cet insecte presente deux types de battements (anterogrades et retrogrades). Les battements anterogrades sont inhibes par des stimulations sensorielles et durant l'activite motrice de l'animal. Nous montrons que ces reponses d'inhibition des battements anterogrades devancent et facilitent l'expression des mouvements locomoteurs, ce qui permet de leur attribuer un role fonctionnel dans la preparation a l'action chez cet insecte. La seconde partie est centree sur l'analyse comportementale de l'habituation chez calliphora. Les resultats obtenus suggerent l'intervention de deux types de processus dans l'acquisition et la retention de l'habituation. De plus, la nature de ces processus pourrait aussi dependre de la finalite des reponses concernees. Les reponses consommatoires verraient leur habituation mediatisee par une depression synaptique dans les voies nerveuses sous-jacentes
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Damerval, Marc. "Identification et rôle physiologique des inclusions contenues dans le système nerveux central de la moule Mytilus edulis et de la crépidule Crepidula fornicata." Caen, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CAEN2004.

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Les inclusions des cellules gliales et des neurones des ganglions cérébroïdes de crépidule et cérépleuraux de la moule ont été examinés. Une première approche a permis de distinguer les granules de neurosécretion de type neuroendocrine des inclusions pigmentées. L'ultrastructure de ces inclusions permet de les caracteriser avec précision. L'étude biochimique révèle la présence de carotènes et de différentes xanthophylles. On précise enfin le rôle de ces inclusions dans des conditions d'hypoxie et d'anoxie du milieu
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Poulain, Bernard. "Mécanismes moléculaires modulant la transmission cholinergique sur les synapses neuro-neuronales." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066134.

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Au niveau d'une synapse neuro-neuronale d'aplysie, la concentration présynaptique d'acétylcholine (ACH) contrôle le nombre de quanta libérés par un stimulus donné sans que la taille du quantum d'ACH soit modifiée. Par l'utilisation de l'hemicholinium-3 (hc-3), un bloquant connu du transport de choline, une facilitation de la libération d'ACH est mise en évidence, alors qu'intracellulairement, l'hc-3 bloque une des étapes du mécanisme de libération de l'ACH. Les quanta restant de taille constante, il en est déduit que seuls les quanta satures sont libérés.
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Murad, Alejandro D. "Molecular and Neuronal Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2007. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/357.

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Most organisms, from cyanobacteria to humans are equipped with circadian clocks. These endogenous and self-sustained pacemakers allow organisms to adapt their physiology and behavior to daily environmental variations, and to anticipate them. The circadian clock is synchronized by environmental cues (i.e. light and temperature fluctuations). The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is well established as a model for the study of circadian rhythms. Molecular mechanisms of the Drosophilacircadian clock are conserved in mammals. Using genetic screens, several essential clock proteins (PER, TIM, CLK, CYC, DBT, SGG and CK-II) were identified in flies. Homologs of most of these proteins are also involved in generating mammalian circadian rhythms. In addition, there are only six neuronal groups in the adult fly brain (comprising about 75 pairs of cells) that express high levels of clock genes. The simplicity of this system is ideal for the study of the neural circuitry underlying behavior. The first half of this dissertation focuses on a genetic screen designed to identify novel genes involved in the circadian light input pathway. The screen was based on previous observations that a mutation in the circadian photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) allows flies to remain rhythmic in constant light (LL), while wild type flies are usually arrhythmic under this condition. 2000 genes were overexpressed and those that showed a rhythmic behavior in LL (like crymutants) were isolated. The candidate genes isolated in the screen present a wide variety of biological functions. These include genes involved in protein degradation, signaling pathways, regulation of transcription, and even a pacemaker gene. In this dissertation, I describe work done in order to validate and characterize such candidates. The second part of this dissertation focuses on identifying the pacemaker neurons that drive circadian rhythms in constant light (LL) when the pacemaker gene period is overexpressed. We found that a subset of pacemaker neurons, the DN1s, is responsible for driving rhythms in constant light. This attractive finding reveals a novel role for the DN1s in driving behavioral rhythms under constant conditions and suggests a mechanism for seasonal adaptation in Drosophila.
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Galissie, Martine. "La serotonine chez drosophila melanogaster : aspects neurochimiques, neuroanatomiques et comportementaux." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30090.

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La premiere partie est consacree a l'approche neurochimique chez la drosophile. Est decrite une methode rapide d'estimation des metabolites du tryptophane et de leur evolution en fonction de "l'experience" de l'insecte. Les donnees de l'approche pharmacologique soulignent que l'ingestion de milieux nutritifs chimiquement definis et de composition variable, est susceptible de retentir sur le taux de ces metabolites. La localisation de ces neurones serotoninergiques par immunoperoxydase et l'etude des recepteurs membranaires a la serotonine et aux opiaces font l'objet de la deuxieme partie. Enfin les repercutions de l'ingestion de milieux nutritifs definis sur le comportement sexuel sont etudiees
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Books on the topic "Nervous system – Invertebrates"

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NATO Advanced Study Institute on Nervous Systems in Invertebrates (1986 Bishop's University). Nervous systems in invertebrates. Plenum Press, 1987.

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Moffett, Stacia Brandon. Nervous System Regeneration in the Invertebrates. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79839-9.

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Moffett, Stacia B. Nervous system regeneration in the invertebrates. Springer, 1996.

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Wong, Joseph T. Y., and Yung Hou Wong. Invertebrate neural networks. Edited by NetLibrary Inc. Karger, 2004.

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Panel, Invertebrate Neuroscience. Invertebrate neuroscience. Science and Engineering Research Council, Biological Sciences Committee, 1985.

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A, Sakharov D., Dyganova R. I͡A, Kazanskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. V.I. Ulʹi͡anova-Lenina., Akademii͡a nauk SSSR. Otdelenie obshcheĭ biologii., and Institut biologii razvitii͡a im. N.K. Kolʹt͡sova., eds. Prostye nervnye sistemy: Tezisy Vsesoi͡uznoĭ konferent͡sii "Prostye nervnye sistemy i ikh znachenie dli͡a teorii i praktiki" : 9-11 okti͡abri͡a 1985 g. [s.n.], 1985.

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Ali, M. A., ed. Nervous Systems in Invertebrates. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1955-9.

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Breidbach, O., and W. Kutsch, eds. The Nervous Systems of Invertebrates: An Evolutionary and Comparative Approach. Birkhäuser Basel, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9219-3.

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Dorothea, Eisenhardt, Giurfa Martin, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Honeybee Neurobiology and Behavior: A Tribute to Randolf Menzel. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2012.

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Nervous System in Invertebrates. Springer, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nervous system – Invertebrates"

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Muley, Vijaykumar Yogesh, Shakty Aracely Flores Bojórquez, and Kapil Devidas Kamble. "Nervous System of Invertebrates." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1227-1.

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Muley, Vijaykumar Yogesh, Shakty Aracely Flores Bojórquez, and Kapil Devidas Kamble. "Nervous System of Invertebrates." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1227-2.

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Goto, T., and M. Yoshida. "Nervous System in Chaetognatha." In Nervous Systems in Invertebrates. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1955-9_16.

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Laverack, M. S. "The Nervous System of the Crustacea, with Special Reference to the Organisation of The Sensory System." In Nervous Systems in Invertebrates. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1955-9_12.

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Marthy, H. J. "Ontogenesis of the Nervous System in Cephalopods." In Nervous Systems in Invertebrates. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1955-9_15.

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Blackshaw, Susanna Elizabeth. "Organisation and Development of the Peripheral Nervous System in Annelids." In Nervous Systems in Invertebrates. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1955-9_10.

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Altman, Jennifer S., and Jenny Kien. "A Model for Decision Making in the Insect Nervous System." In Nervous Systems in Invertebrates. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1955-9_22.

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Hartenstein, Volker. "The Central Nervous System of Invertebrates." In The Wiley Handbook of Evolutionary Neuroscience. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118316757.ch8.

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Rahmann, Hinrich, and Mathilde Rahmann. "Evolution and Architecture of the Nervous System in Invertebrates." In The Neurobiological Basis of Memory and Behavior. Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2772-4_4.

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Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J. P., D. Graff, A. Groeger, and I. D. McFarlane. "Neuropeptides in Invertebrates." In Nervous Systems in Invertebrates. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1955-9_6.

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