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Moore, Tracey, Paul de Tores, and Patricia A. Fleming. "Detecting, but not affecting, nest-box occupancy." Wildlife Research 37, no. 3 (2010): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09111.
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Context. Nest boxes are a useful tool in the reintroduction, conservation and monitoring of many hollow-using species. Aims. All forms of nest-box monitoring involve some form of invasion, often upsetting their continued use by occupants. We conducted a pilot study to investigate and validate the innovative use of temperature dataloggers (iButtons®) to remotely monitor nest-box use, leaving the nest-box occupants untouched. Methods. In captivity, iButton recordings revealed the duration and time of day when each of the three nest-box designs was occupied by Pseudocheirus occidentalis (western ringtail possums); the accuracy of occupancy data was validated by unobtrusive infrared video recording. In the field, where translocated P. occidentalis and naturally occurring Trichosurus vulpecula (common brushtail possum) populations are present, hair sampling at the nest-box entrances (in addition to iButton recording) was used to identify the mammal species present. Key results. Nest-box use by captive P. occidentalis validated iButtons as a useful remote-monitoring tool, with <5–6% error for two nest-box designs. Although there was limited use of nest boxes at the field site, our results confirmed that iButtons are useful for remote-monitoring of nest-box use in the field; iButton data revealed both short (<2 h) and long (>10 h) periods of continuous occupancy (T. vulpecula only). In addition to the convenience (to researcher and animal) of continuous (24-h) monitoring with minimal disturbance, a major advantage from using iButtons is that occupancy can be matched with environmental temperature or rainfall records, as well as other events (e.g. storms or frost). Conclusions. iButtons are a useful remote-monitoring tool of nest boxes, and it is possible that their use in this manner may be extended to tree-hollow occupation. Most importantly, this approach can inform us as to the conditions under which the nest boxes are used by fauna, as well as preferences for different nest-box designs. Implications. It is important to note that the criteria used for determining the presence or absence in the nest box (i.e. temperature difference, Tin– Tout, of 2°C) in the present study will not be relevant for all nest-box designs and before using these methods, the thermal properties of the nest box or tree hollow will require investigation.
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Maulana, Dani, I. Gusti Agung Putu Raka Agung, and I. Putu Elba Duta Nugraha. "SISTEM MONITOR BUDI DAYA SARANG BURUNG WALET BERBASIS ESP32-CAM DILENGKAPI APLIKASI TELEGRAM." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 9, no. 1 (2022): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2022.v09.i01.p17.
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Swiftlet nest farming is one of the businesses found in Indonesia due to its bigeconomic value. Nest quality at the time when harvest is able to impact the selling price ofswiftlet nest. Farmers usually monitor the swiftlet nest by checking the nest directly in thebuilding, this matters because the swiftlet is shocked. Monitoring is needed for checking thephysical condition of the swiftlet nest. This research will make a prototype hopefully useful toswiftlet nest farmers as a reference to increase nest quality with high economic value. Theresearch has been done on software and hardware design by ESP32-CAM and Arduino IDEsoftware for making the source code. The result from research of a monitoring system onswiftlet nest farming based ESP32-CAM equipped with telegram is able to send commandsmenu to telegram, capturing photo of swiftlet nest, turning on flash and turning off flash onESP32-CAM. The research has been realized successfully as design.
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Herranz, Jesús, Miguel Yanes, and Francisco Suárez. "Does photo-monitoring affect nest predation?" Journal of Field Ornithology 73, no. 1 (2002): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-73.1.97.
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Zhatkanbaev, A. Zh, N. M. Dosov, A. A. Grachev, E. S. Musyrpanov, and S. S. Shmygalev. "Monitoring the Breeding Territory of the Short-Toed Eagle." Raptors Conservation, no. 2 (2023): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.19074/1814-8654-2023-2-84-86.
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In the breeding seasons of 2013–2023, monitoring of the permanent breeding territory of a pair of Short-Toed Eagles (Circaetus gallicus) was conducted in the southern shore of Lake Balkhash, in the transition landscape of wetland to desert biome, in a wooded area dominated by Turanga Poplar (Populus diversifolia). It was found that, at least during the 2017, 2021, and 2022 breeding seasons, nearly fully feathered nestlings were eaten by an Asiatic Wildcat (Felis lybica ornata) shortly before they fledged from their nests. All nests observed during the monitoring periods were located in the uppermost center of a poplar tree crown. Starting in 2021, a DJI Mavic 2 PRO quadrocopter was used for monitoring. Using a Bushnell Nature View 12MP camera trap in 2017, an Asiatic wildcat was found to have repeatedly visited the nest at the top of a tall poplar tree during the breeding season, but did not eat neither the egg nor the nestling at various stages of its development. A pair of Short-Toed Eagles from this nest was tolerant of a pair of Shikras, or little banded Goshawkes (Accipiter badius), nesting 5 m away in a neighboring poplar. Adult Shikras, on the contrary, showed aggressive behavior toward Short-Toed Eagles approaching their nest, especially after their nestlings had hatched. Notably, in 2022 and 2023 the Short-Toed Eagles reused the same nest. Moreover, despite a negative breeding outcome in 2022, the pair successfully raised a nestling in 2023 until it fledged from the nest. The nestling, sometimes accompanied by one of the parents, was still in this poplar grove in late August and early September of 2023, often resting in a large poplar 70 m from the nest. The nest itself also continued to be used as a roost and foraging area, where prey, mainly Long-Eared Hedgehogs (Hemiechinus auritus), were brought and eaten.
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WEIDINGER, KAREL. "NEST MONITORING DOES NOT INCREASE NEST PREDATION IN OPEN-NESTING SONGBIRDS: INFERENCE FROM CONTINUOUS NEST-SURVIVAL DATA." Auk 125, no. 4 (2008): 859–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/auk.2008.07016.
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White, Ian, Nida Al-Fulaij, and Laura Bower. "30 years of Dormouse Monitoring." ARPHA Conference Abstracts 5 (April 15, 2022): e84932. https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.5.e84932.
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The People's Trust for Endangered Species (PTES) owns a private woodland on the Isle of Wight (IoW) that is managed predominantly for woodland bats, Red Squirrels and Hazel Dormice. Dormice are considered to be widespread across the island in suitable habitat. The IoW is different from the mainland as it has no wild deer species. PTES has been monitoring dormice in its woodland since 1992, when nest boxes were first put up by Paul Bright. However, in spite of appropriate woodland management for dormice at the reserve, dormouse numbers there appear to be declining. This raised the question: "Is the apparent decline in dormice recorded in nest boxes, real or perceived?" If the decline was real, it may be necessary to reconsider management advice that we give for dormice. If the decline was perceived, then it may be necessary to reconsider advice that we give for monitoring dormice. The first challenge was to identify what the woodland may have looked like 30 years ago and identify why high numbers of dormice were recorded. We could then apply the known woodland management that was done in the intervening years, to determine why dormouse nest box occupancy changed by varying amounts in different parts of the wood. We were able to check some of our ideas using data from footprint tunnels and this work is ongoing in 2022. This talk will discuss woodland state, woodland management and dormouse next box occupancy in a dormouse hotspot in southern England.
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Oppel, Steffen, Sandra Hervias, Nuno Oliveira, et al. "Estimating population size of a nocturnal burrow-nesting seabird using acoustic monitoring and habitat mapping." Nature Conservation 7 (April 9, 2014): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.7.6890.
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Population size assessments for nocturnal burrow-nesting seabirds are logistically challenging because these species are active in colonies only during darkness and often nest on remote islands where manual inspections of breeding burrows are not feasible. Many seabird species are highly vocal, and recent technological innovations now make it possible to record and quantify vocal activity in seabird colonies. Here we test the hypothesis that remotely recorded vocal activity in Cory’s shearwater (<i>Calonectris borealis</i>) breeding colonies in the North Atlantic increases with nest density, and combined this relationship with cliff habitat mapping to estimate the population size of Cory’s shearwaters on the island of Corvo (Azores). We deployed acoustic recording devices in 9 Cory’s shearwater colonies of known size to establish a relationship between vocal activity and local nest density (slope = 1.07, <i>R2</i> = 0.86, <i>p</i> < 0.001). We used this relationship to predict the nest density in various cliff habitat types and produced a habitat map of breeding cliffs to extrapolate nest density around the island of Corvo. The mean predicted nest density on Corvo ranged from 6.6 (2.1–16.2) to 27.8 (19.5–36.4) nests/ha. Extrapolation of habitat-specific nest densities across the cliff area of Corvo resulted in an estimate of 6326 Cory’s shearwater nests (95% confidence interval: 3735–10,524). This population size estimate is similar to previous assessments, but is too imprecise to detect moderate changes in population size over time. While estimating absolute population size from acoustic recordings may not be sufficiently precise, the strong positive relationship that we found between local nest density and recorded calling rate indicates that passive acoustic monitoring may be useful to document relative changes in seabird populations over time.
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Dupuis-Désormeaux, Marc, Grace Van Alstyne, Maureen Mueller, et al. "Social media-based community science for turtle nest monitoring and conservation." FACETS 9 (January 1, 2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2023-0044.
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In late 2020, a private volunteer group operating through a Facebook group approached Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) with an interest in participating in the Citizen Science Nest Protection and Monitoring Volunteer Program. During the 2021 season, TRCA staff virtually trained volunteers in turtle nest detection, protection, and monitoring due to COVID-19 social constraints, and provided necessary supplies and equipment. In 2021 volunteers and staff detected 181 turtle nests and were able to protect 75 nests with simple predator-exclusion devices, while in 2022, 165 nests were detected, and 155 were protected. The volunteers also collected data, including nesting location, date, and species in addition to the number of successful hatchlings (2021 only). In 2021, the 75 protected nests yielded 81 Midland Painted Turtle and 665 Snapping Turtle hatchlings. Five Midland Painted Turtle’s eggs were also recovered from an injured turtle, and 44 Snapping Turtle eggs were recovered from a partially predated nest, transported to the Ontario Turtle Conservation Centre, incubated, hatched, and overwintered, and then released back into the local wetlands. The partnership with a local community group proved effective, and we would recommend this practice to other conservation organizations interested in turtle nest protection.
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Poole, Timothy F., and Gordon Ogilvie. "Occupancy of Unconventional Nest and Roost Habitats by the Chimney Swift (Chaetura pelagica) in Manitoba." Blue Jay 78, no. 1 (2020): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/bluejay6289.
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Since 2007, the Manitoba Chimney Swift Initiative (MCSI) has conducted regular monitoring of roost and nest sites in communities across Manitoba.MCSI's observations have provided new information on habitat selection, notably in relation to nest site chimneys.
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Kamgang, Serge Alexis, Tuneu Corral Carme, Kadiri Serge Bobo, Ekwoge Enang Abwe, Mary Katherine Gonder, and Brice Sinsin. "Assessment of in situ nest decay rate for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ellioti Matschie, 1914) in Mbam-Djerem National Park, Cameroon: implications for long-term monitoring." Primates 61, no. 2 (2019): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-019-00768-3.
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Abstract Accurate assessment of great ape populations is a prerequisite for conservation planning. Indirect survey methods using nest and dung, and a set of conversion parameters related to nest decay rates, are increasingly used. Most surveys use the standing crop nest count (SCNC) method, whereby nests are counted along transects and the estimated nest density is converted into chimpanzee density using an often non-local nest decay rate. The use of non-local decay rate is thought to introduce substantial bias to ape population estimates given that nest decay rates vary with location, season, rainfall, nest shape, and tree species used. SCNC method has previously been applied in Mbam-Djerem National Park (MDNP) in Cameroon, for chimpanzee surveys using a non-local nest decay rate. This current study aimed to measure a local nest decay rate for MDNP and implications for chimpanzee population estimates in the MDNP. The mean nest decay rate estimated using a logistic regression analysis was 127 [95% CI (100–160)] days. Moreover, the results suggested that rainfall strongly influenced the nest decay rate over the early stage of the lifetime of the nests. The study confirms that estimates of chimpanzee density and abundance using non-local decay rates should be treated with caution. Our research emphasized the importance of using local nest decay rates and other survey methods which do not depend on decay rates to obtain more accurate estimates of chimpanzee densities in order to inform conservation strategies of these great apes in MDNP.
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Widiasari, Cyntia, Ryan Pratama, and Wiwin Styorini. "Sistem Pengontrolan dan Monitoring Budidaya Sarang Burung Walet Berbasis Android." Jurnal Elektro dan Mesin Terapan (ELEMENTER), Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021) (November 30, 2021): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35143/elementer.v7i2.4760.
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In the cultivation of swallow nests, swallow breeders experience problems, especially in maintaining the temperature and humidity of the room in the wallet bird house. Swallow breeders must be able to maintain a stable temperature and humidity and maintain the safety of the swallow from owl pests. When the temperature is hot, the swallow room will become dry so that the nest becomes damaged and the swallow feels uncomfortable living in the nest. Based on this, a control and monitoring system for swallow nest cultivation based on Android was created. This system can help reduce the temperature and humidity in the swallow nest room using a dew machine that works automatically and the swallow room door can open/close automatically using an application on a smartphone. This system can work well if given a supply voltage of AC220V and DC12V. The dew machine will work (ON) if the temperature is above 29°C or the humidity is less than 70%. The sensor read data will be sent by the NodeMCU to the blynk server and displayed on the smartphone. The swallow room door can be opened or closed based on the light intensity value measured on the LDR sensor which is then sent to the NodeMCU to drive the motor driver and stepper motor. With this system, farmers are expected to be able to monitor and control the condition of swallow’s nests using the blynk application on smartphones in real time.
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Hartman, C. Alex, and Lewis W. Oring. "An inexpensive method for remotely monitoring nest activity." Journal of Field Ornithology 77, no. 4 (2006): 418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00073.x.
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Schaefer, Thomas. "Video monitoring of shrub-nests reveals nest predators." Bird Study 51, no. 2 (2004): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063650409461349.
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Beaulieu, G., D. Austin, and M. L. Leonard. "Do nest exclosures affect the behaviour of Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus melodus) and their predators?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, no. 2 (2014): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0205.
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Predators are a threat to many ground-nesting shorebirds; however, nest exclosures are a tool used by managers to reduce nest predation. Others have found that nest exclosures increase hatching success, but there has been concern that they may also increase adult mortality and nest abandonment. We examined the effects of nest exclosures on the behaviour of incubating Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus melodus Ord, 1824) and their predators on nesting beaches in eastern Canada. Using a combination of field observations, video monitoring, and an artificial nest experiment, we found that adult incubation behaviour did not differ between exclosed and unexclosed nests. Predators, however, visited exclosed nests more often than unexclosed nests and spent more time in the vicinity of exclosed nests than unexclosed nests at one of our sites. These findings suggest that concerns over increased adult mortality and nest abandonment are plausible and require further study.
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Manigandan, S., H. Byju, and P. Kannan. "Assessing the accuracy of population estimation methods for vulture populations: a case study from the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India." Environmental and Experimental Biology 21, no. 2 (2023): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/eeb.21.06.
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Two resident and two local migratory vulture species are reported in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. The early population estimates from the region are either scanty or crude. Vulture population estimation was performed using three different methods based on their breeding seasons and regional movements between 2019 and 2021. Road transect counts, nest counts, and carcass monitoring counts were used for population assessments. The road transect survey and nest site counting during the breeding season were conducted in all three years, while carcass monitoring was done in 2019 – 2020. For population estimation, three nest site colony counts were conducted for the resident Gyps bengalensis and for Gyps indicus. The other two methods, carcass monitoring and the road transect survey, were used for all four focal vulture species of the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve – Gyps bengalensis, Gyps indicus, Neophron percnopterus and Sarcogyps calvus. Significant variation in vulture population count was observed with different assessment methods.
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Durant, Rebecca, Gary W. Luck, and Alison Matthews. "Nest-box use by arboreal mammals in a peri-urban landscape." Wildlife Research 36, no. 7 (2009): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09058.
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Context. Nest boxes provide important nesting, denning and shelter sites for many fauna species worldwide, but we know little about the factors that influence the suitability of nest boxes for particular species. Such information is crucial in urban landscapes where natural hollows are scarce. Aims. The aim of this study was to record the use of nest boxes by sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps), squirrel gliders (P. norfolcensis) and other fauna in a peri-urban landscape in northern Victoria and examine factors at multiple spatial scales that may influence nest-box use. Methods. We monitored the use of 102 nest boxes over three seasons in 2006. Attributes that may influence nest-box occupancy were measured at five different spatial scales: (i) landscape; (ii) the habitat beyond 20 m of the nest box; (iii) the habitat within 20 m of the nest box; (iv) the tree that the nest box was located in; and (v) the nest box. Key results. At the landscape scale, topography influenced nest-box occupancy with squirrel gliders using boxes in flat or gully areas, and sugar gliders using boxes in gully, mid-slope or ridge areas. For habitat beyond 20 m of the nest box, sugar gliders were more likely to occupy boxes with a higher density of surrounding nest boxes and a higher density of residential dwellings. Within 20 m of the nest box, boxes occupied by sugar gliders were more likely to occur in areas with a higher density of acacia shrubs and lower density of hollow-bearing trees, whereas the presence of acacia did not influence nest-box use by squirrel gliders. At the scale of the nest-box tree, boxes occupied by sugar gliders were more likely to be on smaller trees (based on height and diameter) and on box (e.g. red box Eucalyptus polyanthemos) species. The only nest-box characteristic to have a strong relationship with occupancy was date of establishment, with longer established boxes more likely to be occupied. Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that various factors influence nest-box use at different scales and nest boxes remain an important conservation and management tool in heavily modified landscapes. Implications. Land managers and groups should be aware that nest boxes may help to alleviate some of the negative impacts of the loss of hollow-bearing trees in low density urban areas, but nest-box use will vary depending on landscape context, habitat factors, box design, and the ecological traits of the target species. Each of these factors must be considered to maximise the conservation benefits of nest-box programs.
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LOBO, YONARA, and MIGUEL ÂNGELO MARINI. "Artificial incubation, egg replacement and adoptive parents in bird management: a test with Lesser Elaenia Elaenia chiriquensis." Bird Conservation International 23, no. 3 (2012): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270912000111.
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SummaryReducing the time that birds’ eggs are exposed during incubation in the wild is a management strategy with the potential to reduce nest predation rates, enhance breeding success and increase the population size of endangered species. We tested whether manipulation of clutches through artificial incubation of Lesser Elaenia Elaenia chiriquensis eggs and subsequent reintroduction of new-born nestlings to their original nest, and the use of adoptive parents, were efficient ways of increasing the population size of this species. We evaluated the financial cost and benefit of three different management strategies of artificial egg incubation with reintroduction of nestlings to the original nest. We searched for nests and manipulated eggs during the breeding seasons of 2009 and 2010 in a savanna reserve in central Brazil. Real eggs were replaced by artificial eggs and artificially incubated. The following breeding parameters were monitored: hatching rate, fledgling productivity, daily survival rate of nestlings and nest success. The effect of nest monitoring frequency (daily or every 3–4 days) on breeding parameters was also tested. Hatching rate was much higher amongst artificially incubated eggs than naturally incubated eggs. Artificially incubated clutches presented higher rates of fledgling production and apparent nest success than non-manipulated clutches. Clutch manipulation did not interfere with nestling daily survival rate. Daily monitoring did not have negative effects. The clutch manipulation methodology we used proved to be viable and is a potential tool for increasing population size.
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Nurmahsya, Guruh Khedar, Misbahuddin Misbahuddin, and Paniran Paniran. "The Sistem IoT Untuk Monitoring Suhu dan Pengaturan Kelembaban Penetasan Telur Penyu." Journal of Computer System and Informatics (JoSYC) 6, no. 1 (2024): 424–35. https://doi.org/10.47065/josyc.v6i1.6262.
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Turtles are endangered and protected animals today, the turtle population is declining all the time due to various factors, including climate change and global warming. Turtles are TSD or Temperature dependent Sex Determination animals with the development of their embryos dependent on temperature and humidity which requires moisture content in the nest during the incubation period. As a conservation effort carried out at the Kuranji Dalang Conservation, West Lombok aims to design an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system made to monitor temperature and regulate sand moisture. This tool is designed to monitor the environmental temperature in the sand area if the optimum temperature at hatching is 25°C-33 °C using DHT11, and regulates the humidity of the nest sand by 21%-40% using a soil moisture sensor. Eggs during the incubation period of turtles with a nest temperature of 25°C-29 °C will become male hatchlings, while the nest temperature of 29 °C-33 °C will become female hatchlings. This system is controlled using an ESP32 NodeMCU microcontroller whose data is transmitted through a blynk that can be monitored remotely, the tests that have been carried out are able to monitor an average temperature of 29-30 °C, in addition to being able to regulate an average humidity of 27.93. With a water pump watering with a duration of 12 seconds in the morning, 25 seconds in the afternoon and 17 seconds in the afternoon when the sand is dry with a predetermined humidity of 21%-40%.
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Riley, J. L., and J. D. Litzgus. "Evaluation of predator-exclusion cages used in turtle conservation: cost analysis and effects on nest environment and proxies of hatchling fitness." Wildlife Research 40, no. 6 (2013): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13090.
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Context A main goal of conservation is to mitigate anthropogenic impacts on natural ecosystems, thus conservation tools themselves should not negatively affect target species. Predator-exclusion cages are effectively used to reduce predation of turtle nests; however, their effects on nest environment and developing hatchlings have not been examined. Aims Our study had the following four goals: (1) to examine effects of cages on the nest environment, (2) determine whether nest caging affects proxies for hatchling fitness, (3) evaluate whether nest predators preferentially interact with certain cage types, and (4) assess the cost-effectiveness of different nest caging designs. Methods In 2010 and 2011 in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, painted turtle (Chrysemys picta; n = 93) and snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina; n = 91) nests were assigned to one of three treatments (wooden-sided cages, above- and below-ground wire cages) or a control (no nest cage) and outfitted with a data logger to record incubation temperature. After emergence, hatching success and proxies of hatchling fitness were measured. Key results Nest temperature, hatching success, frequency of hatchling deformities and locomotor performance did not differ among cage treatments. However, hatchling body condition differed among treatments; wooden-sided and below-ground cages had the most positive influence on body condition in painted and snapping turtles, respectively. Predator interactions did not differ among treatments, and wooden-sided cages were the most inexpensive to construct. Conclusions Nest cages did not alter the nest environment from natural conditions but did alter hatchling body condition, and nest caging affected species differently. Implications Nest cages are known to reduce nest depredation, and our data indicated that, in general, nest cages also do not affect the nest environment or proxies for hatchling fitness. Thus, our findings indicated that cages are effective conservation tools that do not present secondary deleterious effects on potential recruitment.
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Harper, Michael J., Michael A. McCarthy, and Rodney van der Ree. "The use of nest boxes in urban natural vegetation remnants by vertebrate fauna." Wildlife Research 32, no. 6 (2005): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04106.
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Nest boxes are routinely installed as a substitute for natural tree hollows to provide den and nest sites for a range of hollow-utilising fauna. We installed 120 nest boxes in 20 patches of indigenous vegetation (remnants) across the urban/suburban landscape of Melbourne, south-eastern Australia, and investigated their use by indigenous and exotic vertebrate species over a period of 12 months. Nest-box use was dominated by the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), the common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) and the common myna (Acridotheres tristis), an aggressive introduced bird. We found that brushtail and ringtail possums utilised nest boxes all year round but more frequently in cooler months (May–August). Common mynas dominated nest-box use during spring/summer, potentially reducing the availability of this resource to indigenous species. We found evidence that the probability of a nest box being occupied by either species of possum was greater in remnants with abundant possum populations. Brushtail possums preferred thick-walled pine nest boxes over thin-walled plywood nest boxes, most likely owing to differences in their thermal insulation properties. Although considerable economic costs would be involved in using nest boxes as a long-term substitute for hollow-bearing trees, nest boxes may provide a temporary hollow resource until hollow-bearing trees are recruited in urban remnants.
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CLAASSEN, ANDREA H., KO SOK, TODD W. ARNOLD, and FRANCESCA J. CUTHBERT. "Effectiveness of direct payments to increase reproductive success of sandbar-nesting river birds in Cambodia." Bird Conservation International 27, no. 4 (2017): 495–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270916000368.
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SummaryDirect payments to communities or individuals have gained traction as a tool for species conservation; however, few studies have evaluated their effectiveness. From 2010 to 2014, we monitored nests and implemented a direct payment nest protection programme for six sandbar-nesting bird species on the Mekong River, Cambodia, and tested if nest protection improved reproductive success. Nests were guarded by community members; additionally, exclosures were used to protect nests of River Tern Sterna aurantia, the species of highest conservation concern. We investigated factors affecting nest and chick survival, and probability of nest failure due to egg harvest or predation. Nesting later in the season generally resulted in lower nest and chick survival. Nest protection improved survival rates of River Tern nests and chicks, and Small Pratincole Glareola lactea nests. River Tern nest success was 60% for exclosed (and guarded) nests, 29% for guarded (but unexclosed) nests, and 5% for unprotected nests. River Tern fledging success was 82% for exclosed chicks, 40% for chicks that were guarded only, and 2% for unprotected chicks. Small Pratincole nest success was 21% for guarded and 6% for unguarded nests. Egg harvest by humans was lower among protected nests and declined during the study. Nest predation by animals increased during the study despite nest guarding; however, predator exclosures effectively protected nests and chicks. Additional predator control measures could further improve reproductive success of sandbar-nesting birds. Overall, nest protection involving direct payments was highly effective, but required diligent use of nest exclosures, frequent monitoring, and strong community relationships.
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Lovászi, Péter, Károly Nagy, Zoltán Görögh, and Tibor Szép. "Monitoring population change using ’citizen science’ data: case study of the Hungarian White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) population between 1999 and 2021." Ornis Hungarica 30, no. 2 (2022): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2022-0021.
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Abstract In Hungary, changes in the White Stork population are monitored using two methods that involve a large number of volunteers: nest surveys since 1941, and since 1999 within the framework of the Common Bird Monitoring Scheme (MMM) programme. In our article, we briefly present the results of the nest survey data between 1999 and 2021, the population trend calculated on the basis of them, and the comparison of the latter with the trends shown by the MMM programme, which – among other species – counts all stork individuals on 2.5×2.5 km sample areas. Both sets of data show a decreasing trend, but there is a significant difference between them, which may be partly due to the inaccuracies of the nest database, considering the fact that the MMM also counts non-breeding adult and immature individuals. However, both methods have the characteristics that make them suitable for monitoring population trends.
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Koshelev, A., V. Koshelev, T. Kopylova, and V. Borisov. "Monitoring of Crowbird in Melitopol: nest and winter aspects." Ecological Sciences 2, no. 2 (2020): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32846/2306-9716/2020.eco.2-29.2.5.
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Shoji, Akiko M., and Anthony J. Gaston. "Comparing Methods for Monitoring Nest Attendance in Ancient Murrelets." Waterbirds 33, no. 2 (2010): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.033.0217.
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Ruth, Kayla A., Lorelle I. Berkeley, Kaitlyn M. Strickfaden, and Victoria J. Dreitz. "Density dependence of songbird demographics in grazed sagebrush steppe." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (2023): e0289605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289605.
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Sagebrush steppe is one of the most threatened ecosystems in North America. Adult density of songbirds within sagebrush steppe is a metric used to evaluate conservation actions. However, relying on only adult density to guide conservation may be misleading. Information on how conservation actions influence the nest density and nest survival of songbird species, in addition to adult density, are needed. We evaluated the relationships between nest density, nest survival, and adult density of Brewer’s sparrow (Spizella breweri) and vesper sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus) over 3 breeding seasons in central Montana. Our findings suggest that adult pairs of both species were often present in higher numbers than nests, and this relationship was most prominent for Brewer’s sparrows. However, our results do not support density dependence when considering nest survival. This discrepancy suggests that songbirds may not breed every year and that density dependence may be operating on nest densities within these populations differently than we examined. This study provides information on relationships between population demographics for 2 songbird species in grazed sagebrush steppe that will improve monitoring and management activities of conservation efforts.
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Lindenmayer, DB, MT Tanton, and RB Cunningham. "A critique of the use of nest boxes for the conservation of Leadbeater's possum, Gymnobelideus leadbeateri McCoy." Wildlife Research 18, no. 5 (1991): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910619.
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The provision of nest boxes has been proposed as a conservation strategy to overcome the predicted shortage of nest sites for the arboreal marsupial Leadbeater's possum, Gymnobelideus leadbeateri. Here estimates of the longevity of nest boxes are coupled with data on the habitat requirements of G. leadbeateri. This approach is used to predict the number of boxes required in a nest box programme for the conservation of the species. The practicality of implementing a nest box programme based on these predictions is discussed.
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Rowston, C. "Nest- and refuge-tree usage by squirrel gliders, Petaurus norfolcensis, in south-east Queensland." Wildlife Research 25, no. 2 (1998): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96065.
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The types of nest trees used by squirrel gliders and the tree types available in the environment were compared. Non-eucalypt trees and smooth-barked eucalypts were significantly under-utilised as nest trees, and iron-barked eucalypts and stags were used as nest trees to a greater degree than would be expected from their availability in the environment. Stags used as nest trees could be of a significantly smaller tree diameter than other tree types, whereas smooth-barked trees used as nest trees were of a significantly larger diameter than all other tree types.
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Karris, Georgios, Stavros Xirouchakis, Konstantinos Poirazidis, et al. "Aspects of Breeding Performance of Scopoli’s Shearwater (Calonectris diomedea): The Case of the Largest Colony in Greece." Diversity 16, no. 3 (2024): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16030150.
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Here we report, for the first time, aspects of the breeding performance of Scopoli’s Shearwater (Calonectris diomedea) in one of its largest colonies in Europe, i.e., in the Strofades island group. We describe the chronology of the main events in the breeding cycle of this species on Stamfani Island, the largest island of this island group, including the evaluation of breeding performance and the influence of ecological factors (nesting habitat, nest type, nest-entrance orientation, and occupation rate per nest) on breeding success. The Scopoli’s Shearwater colony of Stamfani Island exhibited a high degree of breeding synchrony and nest site tenacity. The data obtained by monitoring 472 nests during five consecutive years (2008–2012), showed a breeding success (fledging per occupied nest per year) of up to 66.6%. In addition, hatching success (chick hatched successfully per egg laid) was 76.9%, and fledging success (fledging young per chick hatched successfully) was 86.8%. We also observed annual variations in breeding performance during that period. These results seemed to be influenced positively by the breeding experience of the pair. Furthermore, the type of nest site and the nest-entrance orientation were found to have an effect on breeding success rates, whereas the nesting habitat did not, indicating low predation risk by rats.
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Padyšáková, Eliška, Martin Šálek, Lukáš Poledník, František Sedláček, and Tomáš Albrecht. "Predation on simulated duck nests in relation to nest density and landscape structure." Wildlife Research 37, no. 7 (2010): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10043.
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Context Density-dependent predation has been recently discussed as a contributing cause of duck nest failure. Aims We tested whether nest density increases the nest predation rate (density-dependent predation) in patches of littoral vegetation surrounding fishponds in two contrasting landscape types, the first dominated by forest and the other dominated by agricultural fields. Methods In total, 576 simulated ground nests were deployed in 48 littoral patches in South Bohemia, Czech Republic, in two replicates (June and July), for two consecutive years (2005 and 2006). Nests were deployed either solitarily (low-density plots) or in groups of five nests (high-density plots). Key results Despite differences in local predator communities, we found no evidence of different survival rates of solitary nests and nests placed in high-density patches in either habitat. Mammalian predators were the most common nest predators, followed by birds. The composition of nest predator community depended on landscape type, with mammals predominating in forest landscape and birds in agricultural areas. Our data thus do not support the theory of density-dependent predation of duck nests in littoral patches, regardless of predominant nest predator type. Conclusions Based on our results, we conclude that nest predator responses to different habitats are complex, taxon specific, and context dependent. Implications Conservation efforts for waterfowl may need to be customised according to the nest-predator species primarily responsible for local nest mortality and the nature of the landscape mosaic.
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Williams, Gary E., and Petra Bohall Wood. "Are Traditional Methods of Determining Nest Predators and Nest Fates Reliable? An Experiment with Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) Using Miniature Video Cameras." Auk 119, no. 4 (2002): 1126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.4.1126.
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AbstractWe used miniature infrared video cameras to monitor Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) nests during 1998–2000. We documented nest predators and examined whether evidence at nests can be used to predict predator identities and nest fates. Fifty-six nests were monitored; 26 failed, with 3 abandoned and 23 depredated. We predicted predator class (avian, mammalian, snake) prior to review of video footage and were incorrect 57% of the time. Birds and mammals were underrepresented whereas snakes were over-represented in our predictions. We documented ≥9 nest-predator species, with the southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans) taking the most nests (n = 8). During 2000, we predicted fate (fledge or fail) of 27 nests; 23 were classified correctly. Traditional methods of monitoring nests appear to be effective for classifying success or failure of nests, but ineffective at classifying nest predators.
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Adhikari, Shova, Hari Prasad Sharma, Ramji Gautam, and Rajendra Basaula. "Effects of weather on breeding success of Ashy prinia (Prinia socialis) in Manigram of Tilottama Municipality, Nepal." Nepal Journal of Environmental Science 8 (December 31, 2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njes.v8i1.35404.
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Breeding success of species, including nest construction to chick fledgling, is a major determining factor for the conservation of bird species. Ashy prinia (Prinia socialis), a small-sized, insectivorous bird, which is widely distributed in South East Asia is less explored for its breeding ecology. This study was performed in natural habitats of Tilottama municipality, Nepal, and the data such as nest characteristics, clutch size, activities of parents on nest were collected with regular monitoring of nest from the beginning of its construction to chicks fledgling. Ashy prinia constructed nests on bushes of shrubs and grasses using materials like grass, nylon threads, small twigs, cotton swag and some threads. The clutch size was four; and the average length and breadth of eggs were 1.6 cm and 1.2 cm, respectively. The nest was able to fledge chicks successfully, and their breeding success was 75%, determined by the activities of parents, local weather conditions mainly cloud cover, temperature and wind. In addition, the breeding success of the Ashy prinia might be due to monogamous parental cares in which both parents maintained the microclimatic condition of the nest from incubation period to chick fledgling.
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Peng, Pan, Wanzhu Chen, Nursoltan Qianhan, et al. "Hanging Position of Artificial Nest Boxes Affects Reproductive Success of Russet Sparrow Passer cinnamomeus." Animals 15, no. 10 (2025): 1413. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15101413.
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Secondary cavity-nesting birds can utilize artificial nest boxes provided by humans for breeding, making nest boxes important approaches for attracting birds. Artificial nest boxes are therefore widely used in fields such as ornithological research and avian diversity conservation. Under natural conditions, the location of nests often affects the reproductive success of birds. Therefore, understanding the impact of nest box hanging positions on the breeding success of secondary cavity-nesting birds is of great significance for guiding the placement of artificial nest boxes. In this study, we explored the potential factors, including nest-box location, that affect the reproductive success of the russet sparrow (Passer cinnamomeus) by monitoring the nest-site characteristics and reproductive parameters such as clutch size and brood size of those breeding in artificial nest boxes near Dongzhai National Nature Reserve, Henan, China, from April to July 2024. Russet sparrow nesting in boxes on coniferous trees and utility poles showed no significant differences in clutch size, hatching rate, brood size, pre-laying nest-abandonment rate, and whether the breeding was ultimately successful. Nests with earlier egg-laying dates had larger clutch sizes, higher hatching rates, and greater brood sizes. However, the number of fledglings and fledging success were not affected by laying date, and fledging success was not affected by either the distance from the nest site to the nearest road, or the brood size. Both larger brood size and greater distance from the nearest road were associated with increased numbers of fledglings. Furthermore, russet sparrows nesting in boxes on coniferous trees produced significantly more fledglings and exhibited higher fledging success compared to those nesting on utility poles, suggesting that nest boxes’ hanging position may influence russet sparrow reproductive success. These findings not only supplement existing ecological data on russet sparrow reproduction in artificial nest boxes but also provide important insights for avian conservation practices, highlighting the necessity of fully considering hanging position when deploying artificial nest boxes for birds.
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Dulisz, Beata, Anna Maria Stawicka, Paweł Knozowski, Tom A. Diserens, and Jacek J. Nowakowski. "Effectiveness of using nest boxes as a form of bird protection after building modernization." Biodiversity and Conservation 31, no. 1 (2021): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02334-0.
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AbstractModernization of urban buildings can decrease the availability of nesting sites in buildings, leading to sudden decreases in the density of avifauna. In this study, we investigated the use of nest boxes as a bird conservation measure after buildings were thermally modernized. In a 10 ha experimental area we mounted five types of nest boxes of different sizes and dimensions (a total of 132). Nest boxes were dedicated to species that lost access to their previous nesting sites. All species associated with the buildings significantly declined or disappeared. In the first year after the modernization, the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) decreased by 66% compared with the period before the modernization, Eurasian Jackdaw (Corvus monedula) by 68%, Common Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) by 70%, and Common Swift (Apus apus) by 100%. In the first two years after the modernization, the birds nested only in nest boxes. Five years of monitoring showed that using nest boxes as compensation for bird nesting sites lost during the renovation of buildings can cause a population to recover to ca. 50% of its original level. To optimize deployments of nest boxes, wildlife managers should consider target species’ preferences for the dimensions and placement of boxes and limit the time boxes are used if a species prefers nesting outside nest-boxes, but in buildings (e. g. the House Sparrow) and does not require additional support.
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Cooney, Stuart J. N., and David M. Watson. "An experimental approach to understanding the use of mistletoe as a nest substrate for birds: nest predation." Wildlife Research 35, no. 1 (2008): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06144.
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Recent research has documented an unprecedented diversity of birds using mistletoes as nest-sites, and a strong preference for nesting in mistletoes has recently been demonstrated for some species. The consequences and underlying reasons for this behaviour have not been evaluated, and it is unclear whether nests in mistletoes confer advantages compared with other available substrates. Nest predation is often cited as the most important factor regulating many bird populations and is thought to influence all aspects of nest-site selection. To evaluate whether nest predation may play a role in the widespread use of mistletoe as a nest-site, we conducted an artificial nest predation experiment in a eucalypt woodland in southern New South Wales, Australia. Artificial nests were modelled on noisy friarbird (Philemon corniculatus: Meliphagidae) nests, baited with a single quail egg and checked after four days. We used logistic regression to model the rate of depredation between plant substrates, and demonstrate that, in this experiment, mistletoe nests experienced a lower proportion of predation than eucalypt nests (51.5% versus 63.8% respectively). This finding suggests that predation may influence the widespread use of mistletoe as a nest-site in a range of habitats and regions. In addition to clarifying priorities for further work on mistletoe nesting, this finding has implications for studies of nest-site selection generally, with researchers encouraged to supplement between-substrate comparisons with direct measurements of within-substrate variation.
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Young, Kevin G., Lisa V. Kennedy, Paul A. Smith, and Erica Nol. "Testing Whether Camera Presence Influences Habitat Specific Predation Pressure on Artificial Shorebird Nests in the Arctic." ARCTIC 74, no. 1 (2021): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic72057.
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When monitoring the breeding ecology of birds, the causes and times of nest failure can be difficult to determine. Cameras placed near nests allow for accurate monitoring of nest fate, but their presence may increase the risk of predation by attracting predators, leading to biased results. The relative influence of cameras on nest predation risk may also depend on habitat because predator numbers or behaviour can change in response to the availability or accessibility of nests. We evaluated the impact of camera presence on the predation rate of artificial nests placed within mesic tundra habitats used by Arctic-breeding shorebirds. We deployed 94 artificial nests, half with cameras and half without, during the shorebird-nesting season of 2015 in the East Bay Migratory Bird Sanctuary, Nunavut. Artificial nests were distributed evenly across sedge meadow and supratidal habitats typically used by nesting shorebirds. We used the Cox proportional hazards model to assess differential nest survival in relation to camera presence, habitat type, placement date, and all potential interactions. Artificial nests with cameras did not experience higher predation risk than those without cameras. Predation risk of artificial nests was related to an interaction between habitat type and placement date. Nests deployed in sedge meadows and in supratidal habitats later in the season were subject to a higher risk of predation than those deployed in supratidal habitats early in the season. These differences in predation risk are likely driven by the foraging behaviour of Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), a species that accounted for 81% of observed predation events in this study. Arctic fox prey primarily on Arvicoline prey and goose eggs at this site and take shorebird nests opportunistically, perhaps more often later in the season when their preferred prey becomes scarcer. This study demonstrates that, at this site, cameras used for nest monitoring do not influence predation risk. Evaluating the impact of cameras on predation risk is critical prior to their use, as individual study areas may differ in terms of predator species and behaviour.
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Liang Hua, Juping Gu, Muya Yuan, and Lijun Ding. "Development Of Monitoring And Alarm System For Empty-nest Elders." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences 4, no. 20 (2012): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/aiss.vol4.issue20.14.
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RANSOM, DEAN, and CARL D. FRENTRESS. "Monitoring Texas Wood Ducks With a Cooperative Nest-Box Program." Journal of Wildlife Management 71, no. 8 (2007): 2743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2007-108.
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Keedwell, Rachel J., and Mark D. Sanders. "NEST MONITORING AND PREDATOR VISITATION AT NESTS OF BANDED DOTTERELS." Condor 104, no. 4 (2002): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0899:nmapva]2.0.co;2.
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Keedwell, Rachel J., and Mark D. Sanders. "Nest Monitoring and Predator Visitation at Nests of Banded Dotterels." Condor 104, no. 4 (2002): 899–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.4.899.
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AbstractWe used videocameras to monitor 39 nests of the Banded Dotterel (Charadrius bicinctus), a ground-nesting plover endemic to New Zealand that suffers from predation by introduced mammals. To test whether monitoring nests increased the chances of nests being visited by predators, 22 of the video-monitored nests were approached on foot daily to simulate conventional monitoring and 17 unapproached nests were monitored using videocameras only. The proportions of approached nests (46%) and unapproached nests (41%) that were visited by predators did not differ significantly, nor was there any evidence that predators used human scent trails to locate nests. This study provides some evidence that monitoring Banded Dotterel nests by regularly checking them does not influence their risk of predation.Control de Nidos y Visita de Depredadores a Nidos de Charadrius bicinctusResumen. Usamos cámaras de video para controlar 39 nidos de Charadrius bicinctus, un ave endémica de Nueva Zelandia que anida en el suelo y es depredada por mamíferos introducidos. Diariamente nos acercamos a pie a 22 de los nidos controlados con cámaras para simular el modo convencional de seguimiento, y controlamos 17 nidos usando sólo las cámaras y sin acercarnos a ellos con el fin de examinar si el control convencional de nidos incrementa la probabilidad de visita de depredadores. La proporción de nidos personalmente examinados (46%) y no examinados en persona (41%) que fueron visitados por depredadores no difirió significativamente, y no hubo evidencia que los depredadores usan rastros de olores humanos para localizar los nidos. Este estudio sugiere que controlar regularmente los nidos de Charadrius bicinctus no influencia su riesgo de depredación.
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Moreau, Jérôme, Lucie Perroud, Loïc Bollache, et al. "Discriminating uniparental and biparental breeding strategies by monitoring nest temperature." Ibis 160, no. 1 (2017): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12507.
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Wilson, Tammy L., Laura M. Phillips, and Buck A. Mangipane. "Improving bald eagle nest monitoring with a second spring survey." Journal of Wildlife Management 81, no. 3 (2017): 545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21219.
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Greene, Lacey, Elsbeth Otto, and Chris McCreedy. "Owens Valley nesting willow flycatcher under pressure." California Fish and Wildlife Journal, CESA Special Issue (July 6, 2021): 286–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51492/cfwj.cesasi.17.
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Willow flycatchers (Empidonax traillii; WIFL) nest along the Owens River and Horton Creek in the Owens Valley. Migrating WIFL visit these sites as well as many other tributaries to both the Owens River and Mono Lake. We estimate there are approximately 35 WIFL territories in the Owens valley, or 5% of territories in California. Nesting WIFL in the Owens Valley are likely the federally endangered southwestern subspecies (E. t. extimus; SWIFL). The Chalk Bluff nesting site is particularly important as large nesting areas tend to be both rare and important for SWIFL and it contains more than half (63%) of all known WIFL territories in the region, which also represents 12% of all nesting SWIFL in California. Between 2014 and 2016, WIFL territory numbers declined from 37 to 27 across the three largest breeding sites. Territory numbers may have been influenced by drought conditions or brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater; BHCO) nest parasitism. In 2015 and 2016, comprehensive nest monitoring found nest parasitism rates were >40%, and nest success was lower in parasitized nests (16%; N = 5/31) compared with non-parasitized nests (60%; N = 31/52). BHCO management could potentially improve nest success for WIFL as well as many other open-cup nesting riparian birds in the Owens Valley.
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Tremblay, Junior A., Jacques Ibarzabal, Marie-Christine Saulnier, and Scott Wilson. "Parental care by Black-backed Woodpeckers in burned and unburned habitats of eastern Canada." Ornis Hungarica 24, no. 1 (2016): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orhu-2016-0004.
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AbstractNest care is an important parental contribution to offspring. In woodpeckers, males often have an equal or greater contribution to parental care, including nest sanitation. The Black-backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) is a North American boreal woodpecker for which both parents are highly involved in parental care. By modifying their territory size in optimal and suboptimal habitat (e.g. burned vs unburned habitats), this species seems to have a large tolerance to variation in prey abundance at a landscape scale, and could provide a useful biological model to investigate the adaptability of parent care, particularly to relative contribution of each sex. We investigated sex- and habitat-specific parental care behaviour of Black-backed Woodpeckers at 9 nests by daily monitoring during the nestling period. Specifically, we examined two different aspects of parental care: 1) time spent at the nest, and 2) food delivery. We also compared relative contribution between sexes to nest sanitation. Despite our small sample sizes, our results show that males are more involved in nest sanitation and spend longer at the nest, and both sexes exhibit higher food delivery rates and spend less time at the nest in burned habitat. This latter result may suggest that greater effort is needed to provision Black-backed Woodpecker nestlings in unburned habitat compared to burned habitat.
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Baxter, Rick J., Jerran T. Flinders, David G. Whiting, and Dean L. Mitchell. "Factors affecting nest-site selection and nest success of translocated greater sage grouse." Wildlife Research 36, no. 6 (2009): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07185.
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Translocations have been used for decades to restore or augment wildlife populations, yet more often than not, little to no data and/or arbitrary means are used for determining translocation success. The objectives of our study were to describe nesting habitat utilised by the greater sage grouse translocated into an extant population and to identify factors related to nest success, thereby demonstrating the adaptability of the birds to their new environment and producing one measure of long-term translocation success. We trapped female grouse individuals during the spring on and near leks of source populations, fitted them with radio-transmitters, and released them in the morning onto an active lek in an extant population in Strawberry Valley, Utah. We monitored translocated females for nesting activity and documented nesting attempts, nest success, clutch size and embryo viability. Data were recorded on habitat variables associated with nest sites and paired-random sites, including factors known to be important for resident females that nested successfully. We used logistic regression and an a priori information-theoretic approach for modelling nest v. paired-random sites and successful v. unsuccessful nest sites. Our analyses suggested that crown area of the nest shrub and percentage grass cover were the two variables that discriminated between nest and paired-random sites. Females that nested successfully selected sites with more total shrub canopy cover, intermediate size-shrub crown area, aspects other than NW and SE, and steeper slopes than for unsuccessful nests. After being translocated from distant sites with differing habitat characteristics, these birds were able to initiate a nest, nest successfully, and select micro-habitat features similar to those selected by resident sage grouse across the species range. Our results demonstrate the adaptability of the translocated female sage grouse individuals and produce one tangible measure of long-term translocation success.
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Singh, Aditya, Tommy C. Hines, H. Franklin Percival, and Madan K. Oli. "Does nest-site selection influence bobwhite nesting success in south Florida?" Wildlife Research 37, no. 6 (2010): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09181.
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Context. Nest-site selection can influence nesting success, and thus population dynamics, of many species of ground-nesting birds. Despite the economic importance as a game species, populations of northern bobwhites have been declining throughout the southern United States. This paper reports the nesting ecology of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) on Babcock-Webb Wildlife Management Area, Florida, USA, and illustrates the influence of landscape composition and structure on bobwhite nest-site selection and nest fate. Aim. To investigate nest-site selection by bobwhites, to evaluate the influence of landscape composition and structure on nest-site selection, and to identify factors influencing nesting success. Methods. We used distance-based habitat-selection methods and logistic regression to test for nest-site selection and to investigate the influence of landscape characteristics on nesting success. Key results. Bobwhites preferred to establish nests closer to food plots and farther away from water bodies than expected; other habitats were neither preferred nor avoided. Nesting success did not vary across years, differ among habitats or among burn treatments, and none of the habitat and landscape variables we measured significantly influenced the probability that a nest would be successful. Conclusions. Bobwhites preferred to place nests closer to food plots. However, habitat features of nest sites did not influence bobwhite nesting success. These results may indicate that random nest predation by meso-mammalian predators may currently determine fates of bobwhite nests in south Florida, or that population density is low enough that only suitable nesting sites are occupied. Implications. Our results suggest that increasing the density of linear food plots, and maintaining a structurally diverse pine–palmetto and dry prairie habitat that provides adequate nesting cover could contribute to augmenting bobwhite nesting habitat.
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Lindenmayer, D. B., C. I. MacGregor, R. B. Cunningham, et al. "The use of nest boxes by arboreal marsupials in the forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria." Wildlife Research 30, no. 3 (2003): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02047.
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The results are reported of a nest-box study conducted in two locations in the mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria (south-eastern Australia) to compare usage of different nest-box designs located at different heights in trees. A total of 96 nest boxes was established using a rigorous experimental design – two regions (Powelltown and Toolangi State Forests), two forest age classes (20-year post-logging regrowth and 60-year fire- and salvage-logging regrowth), two nest-box designs (large boxes with large entrance holes and small boxes with small entrance holes), and two heights at which nest boxes were attached to trees (3 m and 8 m above the ground). The study entailed setting out four nest boxes at each of 24 sites to meet the design criteria. Evidence of occupancy by vertebrates was recorded in a total of 19 of 96 boxes on 11 of 24 sites site during regular inspections over more than three years. Thirteen boxes were used by Leadbeater's possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri), six by the mountain brushtail possum (Trichosurus cunninghami) and seven by the common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus). The common ringtail possum and mountain brushtail possum were seen only in high–large boxes but Leadbeater's possum used all but the low–large boxes. There was evidence of spatial dependence in usage patterns, with all four boxes at a given site showing signs of eventually being occupied. Only two nest boxes located in mountain ash forest regenerating after the 1939 wildfires were occupied. Relatively limited use of nest boxes supports concerns about the use of a nest box over large scales and long timeframes as an effective recovery tool for species threatened by the loss and subsequent shortage in the numbers of naturally occurring hollows.
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Platt, Steven G., Sounantha Boutxakittilah, Oudomxay Thongsavath, et al. "First confirmed reproduction by a translocated female Siamese Crocodile Crocodylus siamensis (Crocodylidae: Crocodilia) with observations of nest attendance and nest-associated fauna." Journal of Threatened Taxa 16, no. 2 (2024): 24760–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.8755.16.2.24760-24768.
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The Siamese Crocodile Crocodylus siamensis is considered one of the most imperiled and poorly-studied crocodilians in the world. Translocations (reintroductions) - often in conjunction with head-starting of juveniles - are a critical component of efforts to restore viable wild populations of C. siamensis. We here report the first confirmed nesting by a known-age, head-started, and translocated female C. siamensis together with observations of nest attendance and nest-associated fauna based on camera trap imagery. Our observations occurred in the Greater Xe Champhone Wetland Complex (GXCWC) in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR. GXCWC encompasses 45,000 ha of seasonally inundated natural and anthropogenic wetlands, agricultural ecosystems, scrubland, and forest. While collecting eggs for incubation in May 2022, we were able to identify a unique series of notched tail scutes on a female C. siamensis as she aggressively defended a nest. From these markings we determined the female was hatched on 11 August 2012 (age = 9.75 years) and released in March 2014, approximately 3.5 km from the nest site. A game camera placed at the nest on 11 May 2022 and recovered on 5 July 2022 (34 trap nights) recorded 1724 images. These images indicated the female remained in attendance at the nest throughout the monitoring period. Camera trap imagery captured eight nest repair events and two nest defense events; during the latter the female defended the nest from village dogs. Eleven species of nest-associated fauna were recorded by the game camera, including eight and three species of birds and mammals, respectively. Our observations are the first confirmed nesting by a head-started, translocated female C. siamensis indicating these are effective conservation strategies for restoring wild populations. We also unequivocally established that head-started female C. siamensis are capable of reproducing when nine-years-old.
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Hodge, Simon, Irene Bottero, Robin Dean, Stephanie Maher, and Jane Stout. "Stem-nesting Hymenoptera in Irish farmland: empirical evaluation of artificial trap nests as tools for fundamental research and pollinator conservation." Journal of Pollination Ecology 31 (August 3, 2022): 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2022)697.
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Insect pollinators are suffering global declines, necessitating the evaluation and development of methods for long-term monitoring and applied field research. Accordingly, this study evaluated the use of trap nests (“bee hotels”) as tools for investigating the ecology of cavity nesting Hymenoptera within Irish agricultural landscapes. Three trap nests consisting of 110 mm diameter plastic pipe containing 100 cardboard nest tubes of varying diameter were placed at eight apple orchards and eight oilseed rape sites and left in the field for five months. Sealed nest tubes occurred at 15 of the 16 sites, and in 77% of the 48 nests. However, only 7% of the 4800 individual nest tubes were sealed, and only 4% produced cavity-nesting Hymenoptera. Three cavity nesting bee species (Hylaeus communis, Osmia bicornis, Megachile versicolor) and two solitary wasp species (Ancistrocerus trifasciatus, A. parietinus) emerged from nest tubes. There were significant differences among species in terms of emergence date and the diameter of nest tubes from which they emerged, the latter allowing the calculation of niche width and niche overlap, and informing choice of tube size in future studies/conservation efforts. Trap nests, therefore, offer a valuable tool for fundamental ecological research and a model system for investigating interactions between stem-nesting species within their wider ecological networks. The ability of trap nests to actually increase farmland pollinator abundance and diversity as part of agri-environment schemes requires additional investigation. However, used in sufficient numbers, these trap nests provide valuable biogeographical data for cavity nesting Hymenoptera and offer a viable means for long term monitoring of these species in Irish farmland.
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Morozov, N. S. "“Strange behaviours” of parents at the nest in an avian prey species as a potential source of bias when studying nest predation and signs left by different predators." Zoologičeskij žurnal 103, no. 9 (2024): 53–82. https://doi.org/10.31857/s0044513424090061.
Full textAbstract:
In most passerines, parent birds clean their nests. Egg shells, fecal sacs, and dead nestlings, as well as foreign objects, for example, leaf and twig debris, as they appear, are usually removed from nests in one or another way. If, for one reason or another (nest predation, inclement weather, starvation etc.), all offspring die, parents abandon the nest with egg or/and nestling remains. Finding one or another nest empty and intact before the earliest possible fledging date, observers who monitor nests usually attribute the failure to predation. Automated cameras placed at 148 Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris) nests in 2016–2020 to study nest predation in Moscow City, Russia documented two cases of sanitation (by females) of entire and almost entire (all but one dead nestling) broods of dead nestlings that had died due to inclement weather. This information is one of the very few, probably the second, and for Eurasian species probably the first published evidence of such a behaviour in passerines. In addition, eight cases of removal by parents of the traces of predation were recorded immediately or soon after (within 0.1– 4.2 hours) complete depredation of nest contents: eating at the nest or the removal by parents of egg shells, remains of egg contents, as well as feathers lost by parents as a result of predator attacks, an active or passive elimination of disturbances in the lining of the nest cup. Complete or partial “concealment of evidence” by parents occurred in about every four depredated nests, including those in which predators did not leave any “evidence”. The removal by parents of all evidence of clutch/brood failure that had happened for any reason, not only due to predation, was recorded in approximately every third nest from which all offspring disappeared without a trace before the earliest possible fledging date. These behaviours of parents could possibly be considered as bringing them to the point of absurdity, “by inertia”, a sequence of stereotypic actions to maintain cleanliness, as well as the lining of the nest. An observation was also made of a female adding fresh lining to the nest cup on top of a dead, ca. 7-day old nestling from the failed previous brood and then laying a replacement clutch. All these cases are interesting not only because they provide new information on parental behaviour in the Fieldfare. These “strange behaviours” are also a potential source of bias when studying nest predation and signs left by different predatory species with traditional methods for monitoring the nests, with neither video monitoring nor automatic photography. Furthermore, it must not be excluded that, under some circumstances, even estimates of the relative frequency of different causes of nest failure can be biased due to these behavioural curiosities. That is why it is important to know how many and how frequently do bird species show similar behaviours.
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Latif, Quresh S., J. Letitia Grenier, Sacha K. Heath, Grant Ballard, and Mark E. Hauber. "First Evidence of Conspecific Brood Parasitism and Egg Ejection in Song Sparrows, With Comments on Methods Sufficient to Document These." Condor 108, no. 2 (2006): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/108.2.452.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Conspecific brood parasitism occurs in many songbird species but has not been reported in Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia). In three separate study areas where breeding Song Sparrows experience heavy nest predation pressure and Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism, we observed six instances in which newly laid eggs were attributable to female Song Sparrows other than the nest owners. We also recorded the ejection of a sparrow egg from each of two videotaped nests. In a fourth study area without cowbird parasitism, genetic analysis of parentage revealed no conspecific brood parasitism. Given that egg ejection can accompany conspecific parasitism in Song Sparrows, we suggest that daily nest checks are insufficient to document the frequency of this tactic in some species in the absence of egg marking, videotaping, or genetic analyses. Since standard nest monitoring techniques may fail to detect conspecific brood parasitism, this behavior could be more prevalent than currently thought.