Academic literature on the topic 'Nesting Range'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nesting Range"
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Akresh, Michael E., Daniel R. Ardia, and David I. King. "Effect of Nest Characteristics on Thermal Properties, Clutch Size, and Reproductive Performance for an Open-Cup Nesting Songbird." Avian Biology Research 10, no. 2 (May 2017): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/175815617x14878495604724.
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Maintaining avian eggs and young at optimum temperatures for development can increase hatching success and nestling condition, but this maintenance requires parental energetic demands. Bird nests, which often provide a structure to safely hold the eggs and nestlings and protect them from predators, can additionally be designed to help maintain eggs’ optimum temperatures by minimising heat loss, especially in climates where eggs cool rapidly when unattended. We collected and measured Prairie Warbler ( Setophaga discolor) nests in western Massachusetts, U.S. in 2009 and conducted a climate-controlled, nest-cooling experiment to determine how nest characteristics affect thermal properties for small, open-cup nesting birds. We then assessed if nests with better insulation properties resulted in any fitness benefits, and also tested if nest structural characteristics affected birds’ fitness. We found that nest characteristics influenced their thermal properties, with thicker, heavier, and larger nests having slower cooling rates and higher predicted equilibrium egg temperatures. Both nest cup depth and clutch size significantly declined over the breeding season, and we observed a trend, although non-significant, that nests with shallower cups had smaller clutches. Contrary to studies on cavity-nesting birds, we found no significant effects of nest thermal properties or nest structure on hatching and fledging success, nestling condition, brood parasitism, or nest survival. Prairie Warblers in our study site may already be adapted to build nests within a range that maximises their fitness. Furthermore, studies have shown that open-cup nests of other species are relatively thicker and more insulated in colder environments at higher latitudes than our study. Instead of building nests to solely minimise heat loss, open-cup nesting birds in temperate climates may also be driven by opposing selection pressures when building their nests, such as to prevent nestlings from overheating during hot days.
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Frith, Clifford B., and Dawn W. Frith. "Nesting biology of the spotted catbird, Ailuroedus melanotis, a monogamous bowerbird (Ptilonorhynchidae), in Australian Wet Tropics upland rainforests." Australian Journal of Zoology 49, no. 3 (2001): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo00061.
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Spotted catbird, Ailuroedus melanotis, nests (104 active and 59 old) were studied on the Paluma Range, north Queensland during 1978–89. Nesting began in September: 97% of clutches were incubated during October–December, 83% of nests had nestlings during November–December, and 70% of nestlings fledged in December. Nests were 3.1 1.3 m (n = 119) above ground. Nest dispersion was clumped, reflecting preference for particular topography and traditional use of a site over years. Four individuals used the same nest location for at least four consecutive seasons. Mean nearest-neighbour distance between 30 nests, built at 11 traditional locations over different seasons, averaged 42.0 31.4 m. At least 32 pairs nested within 50 ha in season 1980–81, at an average of one pair per 1.6 ha (home range) and at a mean nearest-neighbour nest distance of 96.9 24.8 m. Parents foraged at a mean of 68 36 m from their nests. Two replacement nests were built and laid in within 16 days of the loss of a brood. Eggs were laid 9–29 days after nest completion. Mean clutch size was 2.0 and eggs were laid on alternate days. At laying, eggs averaged 11% of mean adult female weight. Only females built nests, incubated, and brooded. Males fed females and nestlings. Females sometimes incubated before clutch completion. Median and mean incubation periods were 22–23 days. Eggs were incubated for 62% of total diurnal time, bouts averaging 19 min at a frequency of 2.0 per hour. Median nestling period was 19–20 days, the mean 20 days, when parents spent an average of 48% of diurnal time at their nest. Visits to nestlings averaged 4.9 min at a frequency of 5.9 per hour. During the first 15 days of nestling life, females spent 12% more time brooding a single nestling than a larger brood. A single nestling was provided with an average of 3.9 meals per hour and a larger brood 5.7 meals per hour. On average, females delivered 63% of all meals (n = 602) to broods at a rate of 3.3 per hour, males doing so at an average of 2.0 meals per hour. Of 323 identified nestling meals, 80% were of fruit (at least 33 plant species, of which 29 were identifiable) and 20% animal (of 182 meals 54% were insects, 21% pieces of birds). Proportionately more fruit was fed to older nestlings. Of 137 eggs laid in 72 nests, 88% hatched and 60% of nestlings left the nest; 46% of all eggs produced fledglings, averaging 1.0 per nest. Overall nest success rate was 51%, but of only those nests for which the fate was known it was 57%. The success rate of nests for which the fate was known during an exceptionally dry breeding season was 8%, with only 5% of eggs laid producing fledglings, at a rate of 0.1 per nest The nesting biology of the spotted catbird is compared with that of the green catbird, A. crassirostris, and found to be similar except in mean nest height and in proportions of fruit/animal foods fed to nestlings. The nesting biology of these two monogamous species is compared with that of the polygynous bowerbirds, and the significance of Ficus figs to the evolution of catbird monogamy discussed. The limited extent of nest attendance by the male catbird is discussed in the context of the evolution of contrasting bowerbird mating systems.
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Pechacek, Peter. "Spacing Behavior of Eurasian Three-Toed Woodpeckers (Picoides Tridactylus) During the Breeding Season in Germany." Auk 121, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.1.58.
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Abstract Data on spacing behavior of the Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) are rare, and systematic observations are lacking. I used homing technique (>90%) and triangulation to document range use of 28 radiotagged birds in an alpine mountain forest in southeastern Germany between 1994 and 2000. Common home range of a pair (x ± SE, n = 10) identified by the adaptive kernel method (95% use distribution) during the nesting period averaged 86.4 ± 23.4 ha and varied a great deal between pairs (range 33.9–287.4 ha). Although ranges of females (69.4 ± 15.4 ha, n = 14) appeared larger than those of males (45.7 ± 10.3 ha, n = 10), the difference was not significant. Prior to nesting and during the postnesting period, both sexes used seemingly larger home ranges than during nesting (≤381.7 ha); but again, the difference was not significant. Home ranges of mates (n = 20) during the nesting period overlapped an average of 66.5 ± 5.7% (≤100.0%); female ranges and core areas overlapped male ranges to a significantly greater extent than male ranges overlapped those of females. Nearly all home ranges bordered or overlapped those of their neighbors. Ranges of neighboring male-female combinations (n = 11) overlapped by 17.6 ± 3.9% during the nesting period, with an increasing tendency to overlap toward the end of the breeding season. Because areas used by Eurasian Three-toed Woodpeckers remained stable over the breeding season, I propose consideration of home ranges during nesting as a reliable estimate of species area requirements for use in management plans.
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Whiting, Scott D., John L. Long, Kate M. Hadden, Anderson D. K. Lauder, and Andrea U. Koch. "Insights into size, seasonality and biology of a nesting population of the Olive Ridley turtle in northern Australia." Wildlife Research 34, no. 3 (2007): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06131.
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The Olive Ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), classed as endangered in Australia, is one of Australia’s least studied marine turtles and is little known in the south-east Asian region. This is the first detailed study of the nesting biology and ecology of L. olivacea in Australia or south-east Asia, which adds to the regional knowledge of the species and will aid management locally. Daytime surveys of nesting tracks at 14-day intervals in 2004 and irregular surveys in 2005 indicated that the nesting season extended from February to November with peak nesting in April and May. Daily track counts over a 14-day period in April 2004 during peak nesting showed that nesting abundance varied between nights and along the beach. Nightly numbers ranged from 2 to 59 turtles per night over the 10-km beach while, spatially, nesting densities (0.1–6.9 tracks km–1 night–1) varied between sectors. Nesting in this population was solitary, as opposed to the mass nesting behaviour of L. olivacea observed elsewhere in its range, such as in India, Mexico and Costa Rica. The size of nesting L. olivacea was normally distributed with a mean curved carapace length of 69.6 ± 2.3 (s.d.) cm (range = 65.0–75.2, n = 85). During the peak of the nesting season dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) were responsible for the highest egg mortality (over 14%), followed by varanids (Varanus spp., 4.5%) and humans (1.7%). Cyclone Ingrid caused significant egg loss in 2004. Saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) were a significant predator of adult nesting turtles.
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Hofmeyr, Margaretha, Ulric van Bloemestein, Brian Henen, and Craig Weatherby. "Sexual and environmental variation in the space requirements of the Critically Endangered geometric tortoise, Psammobates geometricus." Amphibia-Reptilia 33, no. 2 (2012): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853812x634071.
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Psammobates geometricus has a limited distribution in the southwestern Cape, South Africa, where it occurs in small habitat fragments separated by agricultural and urban developments. Space use and its determining factors thus represent critical information for the effective conservation of this species. We used radiotelemetry and thread-trailing to study the movement patterns and space use of geometric tortoises over an annual cycle, and estimated home ranges with minimum convex polygons and fixed-kernel methods. Home range size of geometric tortoises showed large inter-individual variation, and for females, a positive relationship to body size. Females, the larger sex, had larger home ranges and mean daily displacements than males had. Female space use was high through most of the year, except in the wet season, when food was abundant, temperatures relatively low, and soft soils allowed easy nesting. Males used more space and displaced further in the non-nesting than nesting season, perhaps to optimise mating opportunities in the non-nesting season before females ovulate. Home ranges were more elongate and overlapped more in fallow fields than in natural vegetation, suggesting that habitat degradation alters home range structure. The space geometric tortoises used for their annual activities ranged from 1.02 to 44.85 ha. The large home ranges and effects of habitat degradation should influence the size of reserves, and the destiny of geometric tortoises in small habitat fragments.
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Millsap, Brian A., Timothy F. Breen, and Laura M. Phillips. "Ecology of the Cooper's Hawk in North Florida." North American Fauna 78, no. 00 (June 1, 2013): 1–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/nafa.78.0001.
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Abstract We studied adult Cooper's hawks Accipiter cooperii on two study areas in north Florida from 1995 to 2001, an area dominated by large plantations managed for northern bobwhite Colinus virginianus and an area of mixed farmland and woods with no direct bobwhite management. We monitored 76 Cooper's hawk nesting attempts at 31 discrete nest areas, and radio-tagged 19 breeding males and 30 breeding females that we radio-tracked for up to 5 y. Nesting density (565 to 1,494 ha per occupied nest area) was comparable but productivity (1.8 and 2.8 young fledged per occupied and successful nest area, respectively) was lower than for the species elsewhere. Prey may have been more limiting than in other areas studied because chipmunks Tamias striatus, an important prey elsewhere, were absent. Annual Cooper's hawk survival averaged 84% for males and 81% for females, except in 1998 when survival was substantially lower. Average annual home-range size for male Cooper's hawks was 15.3 km2 inclusive of one nesting area. Female annual ranges averaged 30.3 km2, and included from three to nine nesting areas. Daily space use was similar between the sexes, but females had separate breeding and nonbreeding ranges whereas males were sedentary. Females used the same nonbreeding areas among years, but switched nesting areas 68% of the time compared with only 17% for males. Birds comprised 88% of the breeding and 98% of the nonbreeding season diet of Cooper's hawks by frequency. Important prey species all year were mourning doves Zenaida macroura, blue jays Cyanocitta cristata, and northern bobwhite; during summer, cattle egrets Bubulcus ibis, northern mockingbirds Mimus polyglottos and northern cardinals Cardinalis cardinalis were also important; and during autumn and winter, killdeer Charadrius vociferus, yellow-billed cuckoos Coccyzus americanus, and chickens were important. Female Cooper's hawks took larger prey than males; females were responsible for most cattle egret and chicken kills; whereas, males took most blue jays, killdeer, northern mockingbirds, and northern cardinals. Of avian prey brought to nests, 64% were nestling birds. Most adult male Cooper's hawks were adept at raiding bird nest boxes. Male Cooper's hawks captured 85% of the prey fed to nestlings. Female Cooper's hawks relied on males for food from early March until young were ≥12 d old, and 6 of 10 breeding females monitored intensively were never observed foraging for their broods. Most prey brought to nestling Cooper's hawks was captured within 2 km of nests, and foraging effort was consistent throughout the day. During the nonbreeding season, most prey captures occurred before 0900 hours or at dusk. Northern bobwhite made up 2% of male and 6% of female Cooper's hawk prey annually by frequency; this extrapolated to 18 bobwhite/year/adult Cooper's hawk on both study areas, 59% of which were captured between November and February. Outside the breeding season, male Cooper's hawks foraged evenly over their home range whereas females tended to focus on prey concentrations. Because female Cooper's hawks were so adept at finding and exploiting prey hotspots, perhaps the best strategy for reducing predation on bobwhite is habitat management that produces an even distribution of bobwhite across the landscape.
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Wood, Douglas R., L. Wesley Burger, Jr., and Francisco J. Vilella. "Red-cockaded Woodpecker Microhabitat Characteristics and Reproductive Success in a Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Forest." Open Ornithology Journal 7, no. 1 (September 29, 2014): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874453201407010049.
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We investigated the relationship between red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) reproductive success and microhabitat characteristics in a southeastern loblolly (Pinus taeda) and shortleaf (P. echinata) pine forest. From 1997 to 1999, we recorded reproductive success parameters of 41 red-cockaded woodpecker groups at the Bienville National Forest, Mississippi. Microhabitat characteristics were measured for each group during the nesting season. Logistic regression identified understory vegetation height and small nesting season home range size as predictors of red-cockaded woodpecker nest attempts. Linear regression models identified several variables as predictors of red-cockaded woodpecker reproductive success including group density, reduced hardwood component, small nesting season home range size, and shorter foraging distances. Red-cockaded woodpecker reproductive success was correlated with habitat and behavioral characteristics that emphasize high quality habitat. By providing high quality foraging habitat during the nesting season, red-cockaded woodpeckers can successfully reproduce within small home ranges.
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Bancroft, G. Thomas, Reed Bowman, and Richard J. Sawicki. "Rainfall, Fruiting Phenology, and the Nesting Season of White-Crowned Pigeons in the Upper Florida Keys." Auk 117, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 416–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/117.2.416.
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AbstractWhite-crowned Pigeons (Columba leucocephala) varied their timing of breeding and nesting intensity in response to variation in production of the four most important fruit species in their breeding-season diet in the upper Florida Keys. From 1988 through 1990, we monitored fruit production year-round in five habitats in which pigeons foraged and monitored all pigeon nests along two transects on Middle Butternut Key. Annually, pigeon breeding was positively correlated with summer rains and with the peak in overall fruit production. However, within the breeding season, only the availability of Metopium toxiferum was positively correlated with rainfall and the number of new clutches initiated. Both the timing and magnitude of breeding varied annually. In 1988, when Metopium was more available, more pigeons nested, the nesting season started earlier and lasted longer, and a large peak in nesting occurred when Metopium fruit ripened. During 1989 and 1990, when the relative availability of Metopium was lower, fewer pigeons nested, the nesting season was shorter, and the seasonal peak in nesting associated with Metopium fruit was reduced or absent. Nesting patterns did not appear to vary with changes in the relative availability of other fruits. White-crowned Pigeons appear to prefer Metopium fruits to other species. Because pigeons do not supplement nestling diets with arthropods, but augment their diets with protein-rich crop milk, they may depend on lipid-rich fruits such as Metopium to provide the energy for breeding and crop-milk production. Metopium fruit production may be influenced by rainfall and climatic conditions, both of which may vary spatially within the range of White-crowned Pigeons in Florida. Evidence that pigeons shift foraging sites when Metopium availability varies emphasizes the need to preserve large tracts of seasonal deciduous forest in the Keys and to protect Metopium trees in suburban areas where they are removed because they cause contact dermatitis in humans.
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Tomás, Jesús, Manel Gazo, Carla Álvarez, Patricia Gozalbes, Diana Perdiguero, Juan Antonio Raga, and Ferrán Alegre. "Is the Spanish coast within the regular nesting range of the Mediterranean loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta)?" Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, no. 7 (July 22, 2008): 1509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408001768.
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We report the information on loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) nesting events which occurred on the Spanish Mediterranean coast in 2006. Two clutches of 78 and 82 eggs were discovered in the provinces of Valencia (eastern Spain) and Barcelona (north-eastern Spain). We discuss the increasing number of reports of sea turtle nests in Spain within the context of the nesting range of this species in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Loehle, Craig, Larry Irwin, Bryan F. J. Manly, and Andrew Merrill. "Range-wide analysis of northern spotted owl nesting habitat relations." Forest Ecology and Management 342 (April 2015): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.01.010.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Nesting Range"
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Delahunt, Kenneth Scott. "Nesting Ecology, Survival, and Home Range of Wild Turkeys in an Agricultural Landscape." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/621.
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Most research on Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) has occurred in extensively forested habitats atypical of midwestern landscapes. I studied the ecology of female wild turkeys in a portion of southern Illinois consisting of an agricultural matrix interspersed with forest, and grassland cover types. I quantified causes of hen and nest mortality, nesting habitat variables, nesting rates, nest success, clutch and brood sizes, and incubation length. I also examined daily nest and weekly hen survival rates, and hen and brood home ranges and habitat selection. Sixty-four hens were radiomarked during 2008-10. Predation was the primary cause of nest mortality (80.5%) and hen mortality (100.0%). Coyotes (Canis latrans) were responsible for 40.3% of nest mortalities and 42.8% of hen mortalities, whereas bobcats (Lynx rufus) caused 42.8% of hen mortalities. Weekly survival rates were 98.7 and 98.6% for adult and juvenile hens, respectively. Seasonal survival rates for adult hens varied from 68.7% during breeding to 88.9% during winter. Most hens (98.5%) made a first nest attempt, 75.6% of hens attempted a second nest, and 8.0% of hens attempted a third nest. Mean clutch size was 12.4 ± 0.4 (SE throughout) during the first nesting attempt and 9.6 ± 0.6 during the second nesting attempt. The mean incubation length of successful nests was 31.1 ± 0.8 days. Mean nest success was 19.8%, producing 11.3 ± 3.3 poults/per
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Spohr, Shelley M. "Variables Influencing Nest Success of Eastern Wild Turkeys in Connecticut: Nesting Habitat, Home Range-Scale Fragmentation, and Nest Attentiveness." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SpohrSM2001.pdf.
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Nelson, S. Kim. "Habitat use and densities of cavity-nesting birds in the Oregon Coast Range /." 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/7742.
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Walter, Scott T. "Snag longevity, bird use of cavities, and conifer response across three silvicultural treatments in the Oregon Coast Range /." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/11191.
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Montalvo, Andrea. "Nesting Range, Spatial Use, Habitat Selection and Sex Identification of the Greater Raodrunner (Geococcyx californianus)." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148282.
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I conducted this study to better understand the greater roadrunner’s (Geococcyx californianus) spatial use, nest site selection, and sexual morphometrics. Data were first collected from a roadrunner population in Fisher County, Texas. I trapped, measured, and removed feathers for sex confirmation through DNA PCR analysis. I then fit the roadrunners with a radio transmitter and released them at the capture site.
I captured a total of 10 birds (1 male and 9 females) and triangulated the location of each bird 2-4 times per week from February to August 2011 during the roadrunner nesting season. The data produced a mean minimum convex polygon nesting range of 43.01-ha, a 50% core utilization distributions of 11.88-ha, and an overlap index of 33.05 percent. Habitat selection ratios showed a preference for ridge as well as grassland habitat and avoidance of bare ground and flatland habitats.
The location data from west Texas was further analyzed to build a predictive logistic regression model to understand the significant site characteristics in roadrunner land use during the nesting season. It was determined that percent rock (-0.12, P = 0.0001) and percent litter (-0.05, P = 0.0052) were the best predictors in determining actual from random locations. Rock references open area for hunting, transportation as well as ridge habitat. Litter alludes to region below dense stands of shrubs and is used by roadrunners for evasion from threats and as shade for thermoregulation.
The measurements from the roadrunners in west Texas as well as museum specimens from across their natural range were combined to develop an easy, inexpensive, and field-relevant sex identification model. The strongest model consisted of bill depth (0.79, P< 0.0001) and bill tip to the back of the head (0.05, P = 0.1573) which were both found to be larger in males.
The final portion of this study concerned roadrunner nest site selection. Data were collected in Wilbarger County, Texas from May 2006 to October 2009. A predictive logistic regression model of nesting locations determined that mesquite nesting tree (-0.89, P = 0.0064), oval tree shape (1.58, P = 0.0118), mesquite density (-0.004, P = 0.0080), and topographic edge (1.37, P = 0.0027) were the best predictors in determining actual nest sites from random locations.
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Jhala, Shesh. "Nocturnal Movements and Distributions of Bobcats, Coyotes and Raccoons during Quail Nesting Season." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149435.
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Northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) are a valued game species that have seen massive population declines in the last few decades. This decline has been attributed to many factors including predation, the topic of this study. I examined the habitat selection, nocturnal movement and potential rate of encounter with quail nesting locations by coyotes (Canis latrans), bobcats (Lynx rufus), and raccoons (Procyon lotor) at the Rolling Plains Quail Research Ranch, a private 19 km2 ranch in the Rolling Plains ecoregion of west Texas. My study had 2 objectives: (1) to compare the habitat use of mesopredators in the Rolling Plains to the nesting habitat of bobwhites, and (2) to characterize the nocturnal paths of these mesopredators and measure their overlap with quail nesting locations. I placed GPS collars on 4 bobcats, 7 coyotes and 11 raccoons during the quail nesting seasons of 2009-2011. I used the chi-square test as well as a modified version of the Ivlev’s Electivity Index (1961) to calculate habitat selectivity. I also measured the proximity of the mesopredators and quail nesting locations to roads, water and quail feeders on the ranch. I used fractal analysis to calculate length and tortuosity of nocturnal paths and assessed potential risk to quail nests by determining the intersection rates of mesopredator paths with quail nesting locations. I found that a large difference existed in selectivity of habitat between bobwhite nesting locations and the bobcats and raccoons. Bobwhites selected for the upland grasslands and shrubs and against rocky ridges. Bobcats selected for riparian zones, while raccoons selected for both riparian zones and rocky ridges, neither of which were selected for by nesting quail. Bobcats and male raccoons additionally showed a propensity for road travel, which quail often nested close to. Coyotes selected strongly for grasslands, utilized their home ranges comprehensively and showed a preference for road usage, and thus had the greatest potential encounter rate with quail nest sites. However, coyotes also showed the most linear and direct movement pattern, potentially reducing their efficiency in finding quail nests. This study indicates that coyotes potentially present the largest threat to the nests of quail and female raccoons the least. Management decisions such as the levels of management needed for the 3 species of mesopredators are discussed.
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Kiss, Brian W. "Survival, reproduction, movement, and habitat use of female eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) in Manitoba’s Pembina Valley." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30151.
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Vital rates and movement patterns of eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) have never been studied at the northern extent of their North American range in Manitoba, Canada. Using radio telemetry during 2011 and 2012, this study collected estimates of female spring/summer survival, reproductive success, dispersal, home range size, and habitat use. Females had a 53% survival probability, 82% nesting frequency, 29% nesting success, 35% hen success, 11.3 eggs/clutch, 89% hatching success, and a natality rate of 2.3. Winter weather and relatively high predator numbers appear to have caused annual variation in survival and hen success. Spring dispersal distances and home ranges averaged 8.2 km and 554.4 ha, respectively. Home ranges were selected in relation to forests, cattle feedlots, and grasslands; while within home ranges, individuals selected areas close to grasslands, forests, and intermittent streams. These results can be used when modeling current populations, managing harvest, and structuring future releases.
Books on the topic "Nesting Range"
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Nelson, S. Kim. Habitat use and densities of cavity-nesting birds in the Oregon Coast Range. 1988.
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Nielsen, Gary R. The spatial distribution of wood-nesting ants in the central Coast Range of Oregon. 1986.
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Record of decision to remove or modify the survey and manage mitigation measure standards and guidelines in Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management planning documents within the range of the northern spotted owl. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 2004.
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Record of decision to remove or modify the survey and manage mitigation measure standards and guidelines in Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management planning documents within the range of the northern spotted owl. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 2004.
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Kaplan, Gisela. Tawny Frogmouth. CSIRO Publishing, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643095090.
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The tawny frogmouth is both intriguing and endearing. In this new book, well-known author Gisela Kaplan presents us with an easy-to-read account of these unique nocturnal birds of the Australian bush.
This detailed account of life, behaviour and biology of tawny frogmouths is based on the most comprehensive single study ever conducted on tawny frogmouths, including wild and hand-raised birds. It combines ten years of systematic observation with published research to take us across a surprising range of characteristics and special features of this unusual bird. This book also notes insights derived from specific regional bird fauna surveys across Australia.
We are shown this captivating Australian species in completely new and even unexpected ways. We learn that tawny frogmouths are very affectionate, have close bonds with lifelong partners, scream like prowling tomcats when distressed, fight with lightning speed and defend nest sites from reptilian predators by mobbing and spraying pungent faeces at these dangerous opponents. Uncompromising male fights are contrasted with a touching gentleness of males as fathers.
We also learn how resilient and unusual tawny frogmouths are in the way they cope with heat and cold, sit out danger, do without drinking for most of their lives, and can use a large variety of food items.
The developmental stages of nestlings and juveniles are illustrated with a number of stunning visual images accompanying the text, most of which have never before been described or seen.
Book chapters on the topic "Nesting Range"
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"Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation." In Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation, edited by Roger D. Bitz, Patrick A. Strickland, Ted J. Alfermann, Christopher R. Middaugh, and Jennifer A. Bock. American Fisheries Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874400.ch21.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Shoal Bass <em>Micropterus cataractae</em> is a black bass species endemic to limited sections within the Apalachicola, Chattahoochee, and Flint River systems in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia. The restricted range of this species has resulted in a paucity of life history information, especially regarding reproductive ecology and nesting habitat requirements. The objectives of this study were to describe and document Shoal Bass nesting, associated habitat, and nest-specific environmental variables in the Chipola River, Florida, a tributary of the Apalachicola River. Through the use of radiotelemetry and visual observation, 89 nests were located and used to quantify macrohabitat selection or use. Shoal Bass nesting was documented from mid-April to mid-May during 2011 and 2012. Average nest depth was 102 cm (SE = 3.2), and the average water temperature was 22.6°C (SE = 0.2). Available macrohabitat for the Chipola River was quantified using side-scan sonar and classified into four substrate types: bedrock, boulder, rocky fine, and sand-gravel. More than 80% of all nests were in either boulder (17% availability) or rocky fine (27% availability) macrohabitats. Determining Shoal Bass nesting habitats and associated parameters will provide managers with the knowledge needed for future habitat protection and enhancement in the Chipola River, Florida.
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"Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish: The Second International Symposium." In Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish: The Second International Symposium, edited by CHRISTOPHER J. WOOD and ROBERT B. NICHOLS. American Fisheries Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874257.ch25.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—The Carolina madtom <em>Noturus</em><em> furiosus</em> is a rare fish endemic to the Tar and Neuse River basins of North Carolina. Surveys over the past three decades suggest declines in its distribution and abundance. We conducted 60 surveys at 30 sites with historical survey records in April–August of 2007 to assess the current status of the Carolina madtom. Data were compared to historical records to detect any temporal change in occurrence. We also estimated the proportion of sites occupied (occupancy) and detection probabilities for a subset of sites with the computer software package PRESENCE using repeat detection/nondetection data. Additionally, we examined aspects of the general biology and population structure of the Carolina madtom (e.g., spawning period, size structure, catch per unit effort). Results indicate a significant decrease in occurrence in the Neuse River basin (χ<sup>2</sup> = 41.6, <em>p</em> < 0.05). Frequencies of occurrence decreased from 0.80 to 0.13 between 1960s and 2007 data. A robust population was detected at only one site surveyed in the Neuse River basin. No significant temporal change in occurrence was seen in the Tar River basin (χ<sup>2</sup>= 0, <em>p</em> = 1). Occupancy estimates generated from PRESENCE were similar to observed frequencies of occurrence due to high detection probabilities. Spawning and nesting behaviors were observed from mid-May through early July. Catch-per-unit-effort data and length-frequencies suggest strong recruitment in most Tar River basin populations and in one Neuse River basin population. Conservation measures are needed throughout the range of the Carolina madtom and especially in the Neuse River basin where there is a high risk of extirpation.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Loren D. Coen, Mark W. Luckenbach, and Denise L. Breitburg. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch32.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract</em> .—The importance of molluscan-dominated systems (e.g., oysters reefs, mussel beds, vermetid gastropods) to the maintenance of commercially and ecologically important species has not been as broadly recognized as has been the importance of other structurally complex estuarine habitats such as sea grass beds and salt marshes. As a consequence, these systems have often been unappreciated and understudied. Important ecosystem services of molluscan-dominated systems include: (1) filtering capacity; (2) benthic– pelagic coupling; (3) creation of refugia from predation; (4) creation of feeding habitat for juvenile and adult mobile species as well as sessile stages of species that attach directly to molluscan shells; and (5) provision of nesting habitat. Destructive harvesting and overfishing can reduce habitat extent and impair habitat functioning. Only recently have ecosystem services been incorporated into the management of these systems. The role of oyster reefs as “essential fish habitat” falls into two principal categories: (1) reefs as habitat for oysters and (2) reefs as habitat for resident and transient species. Although the former role has received some attention as part of efforts to restore oyster resources, the latter role remains largely unexplored. The role of oyster reefs as critical habitat for other species is suggested by the diverse fauna associated with them; however, the factors that control the development of these reef-associated assemblages are generally unknown, and enumeration of specific habitat services using replicated field experiments is just beginning. Using data summarized from studies in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas, we classify finfish assemblages associated with reefs based upon the degree of their association and include an extensive finfish and decapod species list. We conclude, within the context of the current state of knowledge, that (1) the construction of reef bases using materials that provide adequate vertical relief and interstitial space and (2) the establishment of broodstock sanctuaries protected from harvesting pressure are important for restoring oyster populations. Utilization of reef habitats by numerous commercially, recreationally, and ecologically important species across a wide geographic range likely portends the reef habitats’ importance as essential fish habitat, but many functional relationships remain to be evaluated. Future oyster habitat research needs include (1) defining the morphological and spatial reef characteristics that support enhanced oyster growth and survival; (2) improving understanding of how harvest methods affect reef integrity and function; (3) determining the critical services provided by reef habitats in the life cycles of important species; and (4) further clarifying the trophic links between the resident fauna on oyster reefs and transient species.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Loren D. Coen, Mark W. Luckenbach, and Denise L. Breitburg. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch32.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract</em> .—The importance of molluscan-dominated systems (e.g., oysters reefs, mussel beds, vermetid gastropods) to the maintenance of commercially and ecologically important species has not been as broadly recognized as has been the importance of other structurally complex estuarine habitats such as sea grass beds and salt marshes. As a consequence, these systems have often been unappreciated and understudied. Important ecosystem services of molluscan-dominated systems include: (1) filtering capacity; (2) benthic– pelagic coupling; (3) creation of refugia from predation; (4) creation of feeding habitat for juvenile and adult mobile species as well as sessile stages of species that attach directly to molluscan shells; and (5) provision of nesting habitat. Destructive harvesting and overfishing can reduce habitat extent and impair habitat functioning. Only recently have ecosystem services been incorporated into the management of these systems. The role of oyster reefs as “essential fish habitat” falls into two principal categories: (1) reefs as habitat for oysters and (2) reefs as habitat for resident and transient species. Although the former role has received some attention as part of efforts to restore oyster resources, the latter role remains largely unexplored. The role of oyster reefs as critical habitat for other species is suggested by the diverse fauna associated with them; however, the factors that control the development of these reef-associated assemblages are generally unknown, and enumeration of specific habitat services using replicated field experiments is just beginning. Using data summarized from studies in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas, we classify finfish assemblages associated with reefs based upon the degree of their association and include an extensive finfish and decapod species list. We conclude, within the context of the current state of knowledge, that (1) the construction of reef bases using materials that provide adequate vertical relief and interstitial space and (2) the establishment of broodstock sanctuaries protected from harvesting pressure are important for restoring oyster populations. Utilization of reef habitats by numerous commercially, recreationally, and ecologically important species across a wide geographic range likely portends the reef habitats’ importance as essential fish habitat, but many functional relationships remain to be evaluated. Future oyster habitat research needs include (1) defining the morphological and spatial reef characteristics that support enhanced oyster growth and survival; (2) improving understanding of how harvest methods affect reef integrity and function; (3) determining the critical services provided by reef habitats in the life cycles of important species; and (4) further clarifying the trophic links between the resident fauna on oyster reefs and transient species.
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Wheelwright, Nathaniel T. "Conservation Biology." In Monteverde. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195095609.003.0018.
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Each February, when I return to Monteverde to study the reproductive ecology of lauraceous trees, I stay with friends in their farmhouse tucked on the edge of the lower montane moist forest. On my first morning back, I am always eager to listen to the dawn bird chorus. During my most recent visit, I awoke to hear a cacophony of Great-tailed Crackles, a noisy flock of Brown Jays, an exuberant House Wren, and a gang of Bronzed Cowbirds squabbling over spilled grain by the cow barn. Back in 1978, during my first visit, there were no Great-tailed Crackles in Monteverde. Brown Jays had colonized the area, but their flocks were relatively small and restricted to the lower parts of the community. House Wrens, always familiar denizens of Monteverde’s yards and farms, are more abundant today than ever. Once a rarity in Monteverde, Bronzed Cowbirds are now common. Monteverde has changed, and more changes are coming. The rest of Monteverde’s avifauna has undoubtedly felt an impact from the explosive population growth of these bird species. Crackles and jays prey on the eggs, nestlings, and fledglings of other birds; wrens also occasionally destroy other birds’ eggs. Cowbirds are brood parasites. All four species potentially compete with other species for food. Without censuses from earlier years, it is impossible to know how newly colonizing species have affected the fauna and flora of Monteverde. Contributors to this book have provided evidence that various species of animals and plants, especially widespread species of Costa Rica’s lowlands and foothills, have expanded their ranges and increased their population sizes in Monteverde. At the same time, other species are rarer than they used to be only a few decades ago. I used to marvel at the frenzied breeding aggregations of Golden Toads, hold multicolored Harlequin Frogs, and listen to nightly serenades of glass frogs along the Río Guacimal. Most of them no longer exist in Monteverde. In this chapter my goals are to (1) highlight aspects of the biodiversity of Monteverde that are relevant to conservation, (2) give a brief overview of general concepts in conservation biology, (3) discuss conservation problems that are specific to Monteverde and neotropical highland forests, and (4) consider how principles of conservation biology might provide solutions to those problems.
Conference papers on the topic "Nesting Range"
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Pearce, Eric, Alan Parkinson, and Kenneth Chase. "On the Design of Nesting Forces for Exactly Constrained, Robust Mechanical Assemblies." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dac-48839.
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In this research we investigate the design of nesting forces for exactly constrained, robust mechanical assemblies. Exactly constrained assemblies have a number of important advantages including the ability to assemble over a wide range of conditions. Such designs often require nesting forces to keep the design properly seated. To date, little theory has been developed for the design of nesting forces. We show how the effects of tolerances on nesting forces, a key issue, can be analyzed and apply the analysis to a simple design problem. For the example problem, good agreement is achieved with results from Monte Carlo simulation.
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Jeans, Gus, Dave Quantrell, Andrew Watson, Laure Grignon, and Gil Lizcano. "A New Assessment of Offshore Wind Profile Relationships." In ASME 2018 1st International Offshore Wind Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iowtc2018-1052.
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Engineering design codes specify a variety of different relationships to quantify vertical variations in wind speed, gust factor and turbulence intensity. These are required to support applications including assessment of wind resource, operability and engineering design. Differences between the available relationships lead to undesirable uncertainty in all stages of an offshore wind project. Reducing these uncertainties will become increasingly important as wind energy is harnessed in deeper waters and at lower costs. Installation of a traditional met mast is not an option in deep water. Reliable measurement of the local wind, gust and turbulence profiles from floating LiDAR can be challenging. Fortunately, alternative data sources can provide improved characterisation of winds at offshore locations. Numerical modelling of wind in the lower few hundred metres of the atmosphere is generally much simpler at remote deepwater locations than over complex onshore terrain. The sophistication, resolution and reliability of such models is advancing rapidly. Mesoscale models can now allow nesting of large scale conditions to horizontal scales less than one kilometre. Models can also provide many decades of wind data, a major advantage over the site specific measurements gathered to support a wind energy development. Model data are also immediately available at the start of a project at relatively low cost. At offshore locations these models can be validated and calibrated, just above the sea surface, using well established satellite wind products. Reliable long term statistics of near surface wind can be used to quantify winds at the higher elevations applicable to wind turbines using the wide range of existing standard profile relationships. Reduced uncertainty in these profile relationships will be of considerable benefit to the wider use of satellite and model data sources in the wind energy industry. This paper describes a new assessment of various industry standard wind profile relationships, using a range of available met mast datasets and numerical models.
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Rusu, Liliana, Mariana Bernardino, and C. Guedes Soares. "Influence of the Wind Fields on the Accuracy of Numerical Wave Modelling in Offshore Locations." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57861.
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The influence of the wind field resolution in the accuracy of the wave predictions is studied using spectral numerical models in highly non-stationary situations. The main area of interest is the port of Sines, located in the Portuguese continental coastal environment south of Lisbon. An implementation of the MM5 atmospheric model was developed for the area of study, starting from a large area of the Atlantic Ocean and nesting successively with finer grid towards the point of interest, so as to provide wind fields with increasing level of detail. The SWAN model was forced with wind fields simulated by different models and with different resolutions. A wave rider type directional buoy located offshore the Sines port at approximately 100 meters water depth was used as check point. In a first approach, two different wind fields simulated by REMO and MM5 were considered for forcing the SWAN based transformation module. Both wind fields have a spatial resolution of 0.5 degrees and were obtained using the global NCEP reanalysis data as wind driver. Initial wave boundary conditions are provided by WAM simulations for the entire North Atlantic basin. Afterwards, three successive SWAN areas were implemented. The three spatial resolutions defined for these SWAN computational domains were 0.05, 0.02 and 0.005 degrees. Corresponding special resolutions for the wind fields produced by MM5 ranged from 0.15 to 0.015 degrees. Simulations were performed from the beginning of December 2000 till the end of February 2001, which is one of the most energetic periods registered close to this coast and the results in terms of significant wave height, mean period and wave direction were compared with the in situ measured data.
Reports on the topic "Nesting Range"
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McPhedran, R., K. Patel, B. Toombs, P. Menon, M. Patel, J. Disson, K. Porter, A. John, and A. Rayner. Food allergen communication in businesses feasibility trial. Food Standards Agency, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tpf160.
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Background: Clear allergen communication in food business operators (FBOs) has been shown to have a positive impact on customers’ perceptions of businesses (Barnett et al., 2013). However, the precise size and nature of this effect is not known: there is a paucity of quantitative evidence in this area, particularly in the form of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The Food Standards Agency (FSA), in collaboration with Kantar’s Behavioural Practice, conducted a feasibility trial to investigate whether a randomised cluster trial – involving the proactive communication of allergen information at the point of sale in FBOs – is feasible in the United Kingdom (UK). Objectives: The trial sought to establish: ease of recruitments of businesses into trials; customer response rates for in-store outcome surveys; fidelity of intervention delivery by FBO staff; sensitivity of outcome survey measures to change; and appropriateness of the chosen analytical approach. Method: Following a recruitment phase – in which one of fourteen multinational FBOs was successfully recruited – the execution of the feasibility trial involved a quasi-randomised matched-pairs clustered experiment. Each of the FBO’s ten participating branches underwent pair-wise matching, with similarity of branches judged according to four criteria: Food Hygiene Rating Scheme (FHRS) score, average weekly footfall, number of staff and customer satisfaction rating. The allocation ratio for this trial was 1:1: one branch in each pair was assigned to the treatment group by a representative from the FBO, while the other continued to operate in accordance with their standard operating procedure. As a business-based feasibility trial, customers at participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were automatically enrolled in the trial. The trial was single-blind: customers at treatment branches were not aware that they were receiving an intervention. All customers who visited participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were asked to complete a short in-store survey on a tablet affixed in branches. This survey contained four outcome measures which operationalised customers’: perceptions of food safety in the FBO; trust in the FBO; self-reported confidence to ask for allergen information in future visits; and overall satisfaction with their visit. Results: Fieldwork was conducted from the 3 – 20 March 2020, with cessation occurring prematurely due to the closure of outlets following the proliferation of COVID-19. n=177 participants took part in the trial across the ten branches; however, response rates (which ranged between 0.1 - 0.8%) were likely also adversely affected by COVID-19. Intervention fidelity was an issue in this study: while compliance with delivery of the intervention was relatively high in treatment branches (78.9%), erroneous delivery in control branches was also common (46.2%). Survey data were analysed using random-intercept multilevel linear regression models (due to the nesting of customers within branches). Despite the trial’s modest sample size, there was some evidence to suggest that the intervention had a positive effect for those suffering from allergies/intolerances for the ‘trust’ (β = 1.288, p<0.01) and ‘satisfaction’ (β = 0.945, p<0.01) outcome variables. Due to singularity within the fitted linear models, hierarchical Bayes models were used to corroborate the size of these interactions. Conclusions: The results of this trial suggest that a fully powered clustered RCT would likely be feasible in the UK. In this case, the primary challenge in the execution of the trial was the recruitment of FBOs: despite high levels of initial interest from four chains, only one took part. However, it is likely that the proliferation of COVID-19 adversely impacted chain participation – two other FBOs withdrew during branch eligibility assessment and selection, citing COVID-19 as a barrier. COVID-19 also likely lowered the on-site survey response rate: a significant negative Pearson correlation was observed between daily survey completions and COVID-19 cases in the UK, highlighting a likely relationship between the two. Limitations: The trial was quasi-random: selection of branches, pair matching and allocation to treatment/control groups were not systematically conducted. These processes were undertaken by a representative from the FBO’s Safety and Quality Assurance team (with oversight from Kantar representatives on pair matching), as a result of the chain’s internal operational restrictions.