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Academic literature on the topic 'Nestlings'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Nestlings"

1

Gjerdrum, Carina. "Parental Provisioning and Nestling Departure Decisions: A Supplementary Feeding Experiment in Tufted Puffins (Fratercula Cirrhata) on Triangle Island, British Columbia." Auk 121, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.2.463.

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Abstract I used a supplemental feeding experiment to determine whether adult Tufted Puffins (Fratercula cirrhata) would decrease provisioning effort in response to a reduction in nestling nutritional requirements, and to investigate the relationship between parental provisioning effort and timing of fledging. As predicted, parents of the supplemented nestlings decreased the number of provisioning trips but did not alter bill-load size or prey composition. Supplemental feeding significantly increased the growth of the culmen and tarsus but had no detectable effect on wing growth or body mass of chicks. Supplemented nestlings fledged significantly older than control nestlings. The maximum mass attained by the nestling and the age at which mass peaked also influenced timing of fledging. These results demonstrate that fledging age is influenced by both the energy provided by the parents and the nestling's developmental state and are consistent with the hypothesis that nestlings time their departure from the nest based on the costs and benefits of remaining.

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Colby, C., D. L. Kilgore, and S. Howe. "Effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia on VT, f, and VI of nestling and adult bank swallows." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 253, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): R854—R860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1987.253.6.r854.

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The effects of hypoxia, hypercapnia, and hypoxic hypercapnia on ventilation, and breathing pattern in adult and nestling bank swallows (Riparia riparia) were assessed. The CO2 threshold above which inhaled minute volume (VI) increased significantly in adults and nestlings was 0.045. At each level of fractional concentration of inspired CO2 (FICO2), ventilation in nestlings was lower than that in adults. At a FICO2 of 0.09, VI of adults increased by 284%, whereas VI in nestlings changed 238%. Adult bank swallows also showed a blunted ventilatory response to hypoxia, and the nestling's response was similar to other birds. Adults exhibited greater changes in VI at all levels of hypoxic hypercapnia compared with nestlings. Combined hypoxic and hypercapnic stimuli had an additive effect on ventilation in both groups. Chronic exposure of nestlings to the hypercapnia and hypoxia within burrows seems to significantly alter their ventilatory response to these respiratory stimuli.

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Taylor, Jan R. E., Allen R. Place, and Daniel D. Roby. "Stomach oil and reproductive energetics in Antarctic prions, Pachyptila desolata." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 490–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-060.

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We studied energy-provisioning rates and energy requirements of nestlings, as well as energy-expenditure rates of adults in Antarctic prions (Pachyptila desolata) on sub-Antarctic Bird Island, South Georgia. Special emphasis was placed on investigating the role of stomach oil as an energy source for nestlings. Nestlings were periodically weighed overnight (n = 91 nestling-nights, 5 nights), and the mass of food consumed by nestlings was estimated from the sum of positive mass increments recorded over 3-h intervals. Prion nestlings consumed, on average, 36.6 g food per day at the age of peak body mass. The probability of each parent feeding its nestling overnight was 0.57, but feeding frequency varied significantly among nights. The median volume of stomach oil in proventriculi of nestlings was 0.9 mL (n = 44), and was negatively correlated with nestling age. Prion nestlings had a relatively high conversion efficiency of food mass to body mass (0.615), indicating a high energy density of nestling meals. Nestling energy budgets revealed that nestling energy requirements could not be met unless a portion of the food mass delivered by the parents consisted of stomach oil. We conclude that Antarctic prions represent an intermediate position in the spectrum of procellariiform dependency on stomach oil during nestling rearing, with diving petrels (which do not produce stomach oil) at one extreme and storm-petrels at the other. Field metabolic rates of adults feeding nestlings, measured by means of the doubly labeled water technique, averaged 4.16 mL CO2/(g∙h), or 391 kJ/day. We suggest that this relatively low metabolic rate while foraging at sea is important for stomach oil formation, as it permits adults to allocate a greater proportion of energy from ingested food to their young.

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Verheyen, Rudolf Frans, Marcel Eens, and Rianne Pinxten. "Response of Male European Starlings To Experimental Removal of Their Mate During Different Stages of the Breeding Cycle." Behaviour 132, no. 3-4 (1995): 301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853995x00748.

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AbstractWe experimentally removed females from monogamous European starling Sturnus vulgaris pairs during different stages of the breeding cycle and recorded the effect of these removals on male behaviour and on offspring survival in order to assess the possibilities for female mate desertion. Removal of the female during the laying, incubation and early nestling stage (1- to 5-day-old nestlings) invariably resulted in complete failure of the brood. The survival of the nestlings improved slightly if the female was removed during the middle nestling stage (6- to 10-day-old nestlings), but mortality rate of nestlings was still significantly higher than in control two-parent broods. About 80% of the males widowed during the laying/incubation period removed all eggs from the nest, while only 49% of all males widowed during the early and middle nestling stage removed all dead nestlings. Removal of eggs/dead nestlings by a widowed male starling probably functions to increase the chance on a successful re-mating, since replacement clutches were found only in nests whereof the clutch/brood was removed. We recorded one definite and at least nine suspected cases of parental infanticide, the killing of own offspring, by experimentally widowed male starlings. After nestlings reached 10 days of age (late nestling stage), there was no longer a significant difference in nestling mortality rate between male-only and two-parent broods. This crucial point coincides with the time when (1) the nestlings are functionally homeothermic, and (2) the exponential growth of the nestlings begins to moderate. Moreover, at this time, late in the season, the only viable option for deserted males is to care for the young because the probability of renesting successfully is low. Our results thus indicate that after nestlings reach 10 days of age, female starlings may have the opportunity to desert their mate. However, at that time, the benefits of female mate desertion are reduced as opportunities for renesting succesfully are low.

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Ruiz-Rodríguez, Magdalena, Manuel Martín-Vivaldi, Manuel Martínez-Bueno, and Juan José Soler. "Gut Microbiota of Great Spotted Cuckoo Nestlings is a Mixture of Those of Their Foster Magpie Siblings and of Cuckoo Adults." Genes 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9080381.

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Diet and host genetic or evolutionary history are considered the two main factors determining gut microbiota of animals, although studies are scarce in natural populations. The system of great spotted cuckoos (Clamator glandarius) parasitizing magpies (Pica pica) is ideal to study both effects since magpie adults feed cuckoo and magpie nestlings with the same diet and, consequently, differences in gut microbiota of nestlings of these two species will mainly reflect the importance of genetic components. Moreover, the diet of adults and of nestling cuckoos drastically differ from each other and, thus, differences and similarities in their microbiotas would respectively reflect the effect of environmental and genetic factors. We used next-generation sequencing technologies to analyze the gut microbiota of cuckoo adults and nestlings and of magpie nestlings. The highest α-diversity estimates appeared in nestling cuckoos and the lowest in nestling magpies. Moreover, despite the greatest differences in the microbiome composition of magpies and cuckoos of both ages, cuckoo nestlings harbored a mixture of the Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) present in adult cuckoos and nestling magpies. We identified the bacterial taxa responsible for such results. These results suggest important phylogenetic components determining gut microbiome of nestlings, and that diet might be responsible for similarities between gut microbiome of cuckoo and magpie nestlings that allow cuckoos to digest food provided by magpie adults.

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Pires, Bárbara A., Anabela DF Belo, Fernanda Diamantino, João E. Rabaça, and Santiago Merino. "Development of nestling blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) is affected by experimental addition of aromatic plants." Avian Biology Research 13, no. 3 (June 2, 2020): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758155920921075.

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Some passerines incorporate aromatic plants in their nest cups, and several hypotheses have been formulated to explain this behaviour. One of those, the Drug Hypothesis, states that aromatic plants present in nests have positive effects on nestlings’ development through increased immune function. In this study, we aimed to examine if experimental addition of aromatic plants had positive effects on reproductive performance (the number of fledglings produced and nestling survival rate) and nestling development (weight and tarsus length). In addition, we study whether those potential effects were more noticeable in different brood sizes–small and large–through an observational approach. We expect that large broods, due to increased resource competition between nestlings, will benefit more from aromatic plant incorporation, as compared to small broods. Nestlings were significantly heavier in 2015 as compared to 2016 and 2017 and in small broods. No effect of treatment was observed in nestling weight. Although there was no overall effect of treatment on nestling tarsus length, nestlings from aromatic nests had significantly longer tarsi as compared to nestlings from control nests, in large broods.

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Ramos, Jaime A., John Bowler, Laura Davis, Sarah Venis, John Quinn, and Carole Middleton. "Activity Patterns and Effect of Ticks on Growth and Survival of Tropical Roseate Tern Nestlings." Auk 118, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/118.3.709.

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Abstract Patterns of abundance of the seabird tick Amblyomma loculosum and their effects on Roseate Tern (Sterna dougallii) nestling growth, fledging age, and survival are described on Aride Island, Seychelles, in 1997–1999. Female ticks attached to nestlings from 4 to 14 days (to engorge) whereas male ticks attached for 1–3 days. The linear growth rate of birds carrying female ticks (0.24 g/day) was significantly different from that of nonparasitized nestlings of the same age and similar (or even lower) hatching weight (4.07 g/day). Parasitized nestlings that fledged did so 5.2 days later than nonparasitized nestlings of similar age. Only 37.5% of the nestlings infested with female ticks fledged compared with 83.3% of the noninfested nestlings. During the successful 1998 breeding season, around 100 nestlings died from tick infestation (24.3% of the nestling deaths). Ticks appeared to accelerate nestling mortality during periods of food shortage. Despite an annual difference of two weeks in the timing of breeding of the Roseate Terns between 1997 and 1998, adult ticks parasitized nestlings in July, with an infestation peak occurring between 8–12 July in both years. However, in 1997, nestlings were parasitized at a younger age, suggesting that ticks (nymph stage) must attach to Roseate Tern adults as soon as they make a nest scrape (usually in May). Ironically, the frequent breeding failures of the Roseate Terns will result in lower infestation levels in subsequent years, which will benefit the birds.

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O’Connor, Jody A., Jeremy Robertson, and Sonia Kleindorfer. "Video analysis of host–parasite interactions in nests of Darwin’s finches." Oryx 44, no. 4 (October 2010): 588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310000086.

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AbstractParasites place their hosts under strong selection for adaptive traits that increase parasite resistance. The initial impact of invasive parasites has rarely been observed and can be particularly strong on naïve hosts with limited prior exposure to parasites.Philornis downsiis an introduced fly to the Galapagos Islands whose parasitic larvae cause high mortality in nestlings of Darwin's finches. We used a within-nest camera system and nest monitoring data to examine this new host–parasite interaction in the wild. ManyP. downsiflies entered finch nests with incubated eggs or nestlings but only when parent finches were not present. ParasiticP. downsilarvae were observed to emerge from the nest base at night to feed both internally and externally on nestlings. Adult and nestling Darwin’s finches exhibit grooming and avoidance behaviours in the presence ofP. downsiparasites. Specifically, in nests with high parasite intensity, nestlings increased self-preening behaviour, ate larvae and stood on top of one another. Female finches probed into their nestling’s nares (first instar larvae reside in the nares) and probed into the nest base (second and third larvae reside in the nest base during the day). These findings shed light on the emergence of anti-parasite behaviour as well as host–parasite relationships after recent parasitism in a naïve host.

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Smith, H. G., and K. J. Wettermark. "Heritability of nestling growth in cross-fostered European Starlings Sturnus vulgaris." Genetics 141, no. 2 (October 1, 1995): 657–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/141.2.657.

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Abstract In altricial birds, growth rates and nestling morphology vary between broods. For natural selection to produce evolutionary change in these variables, ther must exist heritable variation. Since nestling traits are not any longer presents in parents, traditional offspring-parent regressions cannot estimate heritabilities of these. In this study, a partial cross-fostering experiment was performed, where nestlings of the European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) were reciprocally exchanged between nests. The experiment demonstrated a significant heritability of nestling tarsus length and body mass, but not of the growth trajectories followed by individual nestlings. the heritability estimate for tarsus length obtained in the cross-fostering experiment using full-sib analysis was lower than those obtained by offspring-parent regressions. This is likely due to a genotype-by-environment effect on tarsus length, with nestlings destined to become large but in poor condition having a low probability of appearing as parents. The main reason for the low heritability of growth was probably the large within-brood variation in growth pattern due to the initial size hierarchy of nestlings. Nestlings demonstrated targeted growth, where small-sized nestlings that initially grew slower than their siblings, managed to catch up.

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Lu, Guang, Xinjie Zhang, Xinyu Li, and Shuping Zhang. "Immunity and Growth Plasticity of Asian Short-Toed Lark Nestlings in Response to Changes in Food Conditions: Can It Buffer the Challenge of Climate Change-Induced Trophic Mismatch?" Animals 13, no. 5 (February 27, 2023): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13050860.

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Passerine nestlings frequently suffer from sub-optimal food conditions due to climate change-induced trophic mismatch between the nestlings and their optimal food resources. The ability of nestlings to buffer this challenge is less well understood. We hypothesized that poor food conditions might induce a higher immune response and lower growth rate of nestlings, and such physiological plasticity is conducive to nestling survival. To test this, we examined how food (grasshopper nymphs) abundance affects the expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) genes, plasma IGF-1 levels, body mass, and fledging rates in wild Asian short-toed lark (Alaudala cheleensis) nestlings. Linear mixed models revealed that nymph biomass significantly influenced the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β genes, and the level of plasma IGF-1. The expressions of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β genes were negatively correlated with nymph biomass and plasma IGF-1 level. Plasma IGF-1 level, nestling body mass growth rate, was positively correlated with nymph biomass. Despite a positive correlation between the nestling fledge rate and nymph biomass, more than 60% of nestlings fledged when nymph biomass was at the lowest level. These results suggest that immunity and growth plasticity of nestlings may be an adaptation for birds to buffer the negative effects of trophic mismatch.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nestlings"

1

Berg, Melanie Dawn. "Yolk androgens and development in American kestrel nestlings." [Boise, Idaho] : Boise State University, 2009. http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/11/.

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Borgia, Lisa. "Factors affecting growth and survival of snowy egret nestlings." FIU Digital Commons, 1999. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1734.

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It is widely believed that wading birds in the Everglades have declined as a result of historic water management practices. I determined growth rates for Snowy Egret (Egretta thula) chicks by assessed the nestling body condition through measurement of body weight and skeletal traits. A growth index was calculated as a residual of body weight regressed on age. A body condition index was calculated as the residual of body weight regressed on a skeletal trait (tarsus). Growth was significantly related to water level and hatch date. Survival rates were calculated to day 14, 21, and 50. Survival to 50 days of age was significantly related to hatch date and order. Survival to 21 days of age was significantly related to water level and hatching order. Survival to 14 days of age was marginally related to hatching order. Growth and survival is greatly influenced by water level and hatch date.

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McCullagh, Melanie Cuchlaine. "Decision-making in zebra finches : parent-offspring communication." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363783.

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Moe, Børge. "Energy-allocation in avian nestlings facing short-term food shortage." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1662.

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This thesis investigates effects of short-term food shortage on growth, body composition and metabolic development of Pekin ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) and European shag nestlings (Phalacrocorax aristotelis), two species representing extremes within the altricial-precocial spectrum. The aims of the thesis were to 1) characterise patterns of growth and development in response to short-term food shortage during early development, 2) examine aspects of energy allocation during these responses with special emphasis on the basal level of energy metabolism, thermoregulatory ability and body composition and 3) investigate the effect of shortterm food shortage on subsequent growth and fledging body size.

Paper III: The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com

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Kilner, Rebecca Mary. "Parental investment in canaries and zebra finches." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326633.

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Pires, Bárbara Afonso. "Use and effects of aromatic plants in Blue Tit nests." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28077.

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Some bird species also incorporate aromatic plants in their nests. To explain this behaviour several hypotheses have been proposed, mainly related to hiding/shading of the nest, but also with regulation of nest water loss and heat rates. In secondary cavity-nesting species like Blue Tits, hypotheses related to reduction of parasite populations and improvement of nestlings’ condition are considered more appropriate to explain this behaviour. These species, because their nests are hidden and because they often reuse the same cavities year after year, are more exposed to higher abundances of parasites, arising mainly from overwintering parasites. This study aims to understand i) how nestlings of secondary cavity-nesting species are affected by parasites present in nests, ii) how aromatic plants are used in Blue Tit (our model species) nests and iii) how that use influences nest features, reproductive parameters and nestling condition. Nestlings of cavity-nesting species are affected by parasites present in nests through close contact with parasites and through parental condition. Parents and nestlings adopt different defence mechanisms to limit and/or alleviate deleterious effects of parasites. Incorporation of specific aromatic plants in Blue Tit nests produced nestlings with longer tarsi but only in large broods. Even when aromatic plants were experimentally incorporated in nests, female Blue Tits found the need to incorporate aromatic plants of their choice, with a very diverse pattern of use, and not always directly related to the availability of these plants in the nests’ vicinities. Significant associations between aromatic plants incorporated in nests by females, nest weight, laying date and reproductive parameters were observed. These results provide new insights on how female Blue Tits use aromatic plants in their nests and how this use is related to nest construction features, reproductive parameters and nestling condition; Resumo: Uso e Efeitos de plantas aromáticas em ninhos de Chapim-azul Algumas aves, além do material que utilizam para construção do ninho, também adicionam plantas aromáticas. Para explicar este comportamento foram propostas várias hipóteses relacionadas com dissimulação/sombra dos ninhos, mas também com regulação da perda de água e níveis de calor. Em aves cavernícolas secundárias, como o Chapim-azul, as hipóteses relacionadas com redução das populações de parasitas e melhoria da condição das crias têm sido valorizadas para explicar este comportamento. Estas espécies, cujos ninhos são abrigados e muitas vezes reutilizados ano após ano, estão mais expostas a maiores abundâncias de parasitas, principalmente dos que fazem a hibernação de inverno nas cavidades. Este estudo pretende compreender i) como as crias de aves cavernícolas são afetadas por parasitas presentes nos ninhos, ii) como as plantas aromáticas são utilizadas em ninhos de Chapim-azul e iii) como essa utilização influencia características dos ninhos, parâmetros reprodutivos e condição das crias. As crias de aves cavernícolas são afetadas por parasitas presentes nos ninhos por contacto direto com esses parasitas, mas também através da condição dos progenitores. Progenitores e crias adotam diferentes mecanismos de defesa para limitar e/ou aliviar os efeitos prejudiciais desses parasitas. A incorporação de plantas aromáticas específicas em ninhos de Chapim-azul produziu crias com maior tarso, mas apenas em ninhadas grandes. Mesmo com suplementação de plantas aromáticas nos ninhos, as fêmeas de Chapim-azul adicionaram plantas escolhidas por si, com um padrão de uso muito diverso, e nem sempre diretamente relacionado com a disponibilidade dessas plantas na área circundante dos ninhos. Foram observadas relações significativas entre plantas aromáticas adicionadas aos ninhos pelas fêmeas, peso dos ninhos, data de postura e parâmetros reprodutivos. Estes resultados fornecem novas perspectivas de como as fêmeas de Chapim-azul utilizam plantas aromáticas nos seus ninhos e de como este uso está relacionado com características dos ninhos, parâmetros reprodutivos e condição das crias.

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Kovatch, Jeffrey J. "Resource allocation to growth and thermoregulation during early development in altricial nestlings." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Randa, Jacob G. "Diet and Effects of Environmental Stressors on the Altricial Nestlings of Double-Crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax Auritus)." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26911.

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Double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) are a common species of altricial waterbird found across much of North America. As a piscivorous colonial waterbird, cormorants are often persecuted due to perceived impacts on fisheries. In this study I examined the diet of cormorant nestlings at five cormorant colonies in central North America to answer two questions: 1) Is nestling diet reflective of opportunistic feeding behavior, thus diminishing the likelihood of negative impacts to the fishery? and 2) How do diet and environmental stressors effect the development of cormorant nestlings? By analyzing the caloric content of nestling diet and quantifying environmental stressors such as endoparasite and ectoparasite loads, I found diet was a significant contributor to structural long bone growth in both the wing and tarsus. Diet analysis also corroborated the long held belief that cormorants have highly variable diets reflective of local fish communities and may vary annually as fish assemblages change.
Voyageurs National Park
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
Windels, Steve

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Martinovic, Barbara. "Corticosterone and vitamin A concentrations in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nestlings exposed to environmental contaminants along the St. Lawrence River, Canada and United States of America." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6253.

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In 1999 and 2000 reproductive success and chemical biomarkers were measured in 16 day old tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) collected from nine sites along the St. Lawrence River in Canada and USA. Chicks were collected for analysis of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), total mercury, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and measures of corticosterone response, and vitamin A concentrations. Study sites were located in the vicinity of landfill sites and industrial outfalls in the St. Lawrence River area of concern (AOC). Altered vitamin A metabolism and corticosterone homeostasis in wildlife exposed to contaminants may lead to numerous effects on reproduction, growth, and immune function. Overall these data suggest that current levels of organochlorine contamination may be affecting the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and vitamin A levels in environmentally exposed tree swallow nestlings along the St. Lawrence River. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Wink, Judy. "Great horned owl nestling behavior /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1985. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1985.
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 3047. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaves [1-2] Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-66).

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Books on the topic "Nestlings"

1

Jhuboo, Ghunsiam. The nestlings and the flight. Stanley, Rose Hill [Mauritius]: Editions de l'océan Indien, 1995.

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Jhuboo, Ghunsiam. The nest and the nestlings. Stanley, Rose Hill [Mauritius]: Editions de l'océan Indien, 1993.

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Nelson, R. Wayne. Turkey vultures: A photographic guide for aging nestlings. Edmonton: Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, 2009.

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United States. Bureau of Land Management. Boise District Office, ed. Photographic guide for aging nestling prairie falcons. Boise], Idaho: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Snake River Birds of Prey Project, Boise District, 1986.

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Collings, Michael R. Nestlings of a dark God: Poems : science fiction, fantasy, myth, horror. Thousands Oaks, CA: Zarahemla Motets, 1996.

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Griggs, Gerald R. Photoghraphic [sic] guide for aging nestling American kestrels. Boise, Idaho (3948 Development Ave., Boise 83705): U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Raptor Research and Technical Assistance Center, 1993.

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Griggs, Gerald R. Photoghraphic [sic] guide for aging nestling American kestrels. Boise, Idaho (3948 Development Ave., Boise 83705): U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Raptor Research and Technical Assistance Center, 1993.

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Oliver, Harrison Colin James, ed. A guide to the nests, eggs, and nestlings of North American birds. 2nd ed. San Diego: AP Natural World, 1997.

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Harrison, Colin. A field guide to the nests, eggs and nestlings of North American birds. Toronto: Collins, 1987.

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Collings, Michael R. Nestlings of a dark god: Poems, science fiction, fantasy, myth, and horror : millennial collection, 1974-1999. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Zarahemla Motets/White Crow Press, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nestlings"

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Scott, David E. "Caring for nestlings and hatchlings." In Raptor medicine, surgery, and rehabilitation, 221–34. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789246100.0221.

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Jamie, Gabriel A., and Rebecca M. Kilner. "Begging Call Mimicry by Brood Parasite Nestlings: Adaptation, Manipulation and Development." In Avian Brood Parasitism, 517–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73138-4_28.

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Grim, Tomáš. "Host Defences Against Brood Parasite Nestlings: Theoretical Expectations and Empirical Evidence." In Avian Brood Parasitism, 539–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73138-4_29.

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Soler, Manuel. "Begging Behaviour, Food Delivery and Food Acquisition in Nests with Brood Parasitic Nestlings." In Avian Brood Parasitism, 493–515. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73138-4_27.

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Gwinner, Helga. "Male European Starlings Use Odorous Herbs as Nest Material to Attract Females and Benefit Nestlings." In Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 12, 353–62. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5927-9_28.

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Nur, Nadav. "Parents, Nestlings and Feeding Frequency: A Model of Optimal Parental Investment and Implications for Avian Reproductive Strategies." In Foraging Behavior, 457–75. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1839-2_15.

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Budden, Amber E., and Jonathan Wright. "Begging in Nestling Birds." In Current Ornithology, Volume 16, 83–118. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1211-0_2.

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De Mársico, María C., Vanina D. Fiorini, Diego T. Tuero, Ros Gloag, Cynthia A. Ursino, and Juan C. Reboreda. "Parasite Adaptations During the Nestling and Fledgling Stages." In Avian Brood Parasitism, 557–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73138-4_30.

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Anderson, David L., Kurt K. Burnham, Ólafur K. Nielsen, and Bryce W. Robinson. "A photographic and morphometric guide to aging Gyrfalcon nestlings." In Applied Raptor Ecology: Essentials from Gyrfalcon Research, 265–82. The Peregrine Fund, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4080/are.2017/app1.

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Nevle, Richard J., Steven Nightingale, and Mattias Lanas. "Western Tanager." In The Paradise Notebooks, 121–26. Cornell University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501762697.003.0021.

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This chapter discusses the western tanager, which is a seasonal migrant to the Sierra. Upon arrival, the birds claim their territory, announcing their presence with burry, robin-like songs called out from branches in the Sierra's conifer forests. The tanagers come to the Sierra to take sustenance from the bursts of abundant insect life and berries that arrive in late summer—and from this sustenance nurture their young. However, danger lurks everywhere for the nestlings—from the predations of Steller's jays and nutcrackers; from owls and snakes and even bears; and too from female cowbirds. Learning about the western tanager, we see the resemblance between us. We have, like the tanager, our own way of singing, of nesting, of caring for our young.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nestlings"

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Lee, David Robert, Marilyne Stuart, Lee Bellan, Jennifer Haughton, and Andrew Valente. "GROUNDWATER-BORNE 90SR IN BONE OF TREE SWALLOW NESTLINGS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-308073.

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Tschumi, Matthias, Jolanda Humbel, Beat Naef-Daenzer, and Martin Grüebler. "Sex-biased survival of nestlings under unfavourable conditions drives secondary sex ratio in little owls (Athene noctua)." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107646.

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Han, Hongpeng, Hui Wu, Yanju Wu, Jing Zhang, and Wenlin Wang. "Notice of Retraction: Heavy Metal Concentrations in Nestlings of Black-Crowned Night Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) in Zhengzhou, China." In 2011 5th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2011.5781357.

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Themelis, N. J. "The Puzzle of Drastic Reduction of Point Source Emissions and Continuing High Deposition of Mercury in Florida." In 13th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec13-3148.

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This report shows that the combined emissions of mercury from major point sources of mercury in Florida decreased from about 4.8 short tons in 1994 to 1.3 tons in recent years. A similar reduction of mercury emissions was reported by Florida DEP for south Florida where the Everglades Park is located: Point sources of emissions decreased from a high of 3.4 short tons (3,100 kg) of mercury in 1991 to 0.22 tons (204 kg) in 2000. The Florida DEP study of the Everglades also showed that the mercury concentrations in largemouth bass and in great egret nestlings decreased by a factor of six between 1991 and 2000. On the other hand, our analysis of 330 sets of weekly mercury deposition data, obtained by the Everglades station of the national Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) showed that the annual average deposition in the Everglades did not change significantly from December 1995 to January 2004. Two other interesting findings were that 73% of the total mercury deposition during those eight years occurred in the high precipitation season, between May and October; and that 40% of the weekly samples taken during this eight-year period represented only 3.8 % of the recorded total deposition of mercury. This paper examines the reasons why the substantial decrease of local and regional point sources of mercury emission has not affected substantially the local deposition rates. A likely answer is that climatic conditions in Florida, associated mainly with the warmer months and higher rates of precipitation and evaporation, have a large effect on a) re-emission of previously deposited mercury and b) co-precipitation of global mercury from the atmosphere. This may also explain why Florida, where the present annual rate of mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants (in kilograms per square kilometer) is one fifth that of Pennsylvania, has mercury deposition rates that are twice those reported by MDN for Pennsylvania.

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Garcia, E., L. Rodriguez, F. Morant, A. Correcher, E. Quiles, and R. Blasco. "Fault diagnosis with Coloured Petri Nets using Latent Nestling Method." In 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isie.2008.4677094.

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Garcia, E., L. Rodriguez, F. Morant, A. Correcher, and E. Quiles. "Latent Nestling Method: A new fault diagnosis methodology for complex systems." In IECON 2008 - 34th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2008.4757961.

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Rodriguez, L., E. Garcia, F. Morant, A. Correcher, and E. Quiles. "Application of latent nestling method using Coloured Petri Nets for the Fault Diagnosis in the wind turbine subsets." In Factory Automation (ETFA 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2008.4638486.

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Reports on the topic "Nestlings"

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Gaukler, Shannon, and Jenna Stanek. 2020 Results for Avian Monitoring of Inorganic and Organic Element Concentrations in Passerine Eggs and Nestlings Collected from Technical Area 16 Burn Grounds, Technical Area 36 Minie, and Technical Area 39 Point 6 at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1770094.

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Gaukler, Shannon, and Jenna Stanek. 2021 Results for Avian Monitoring of Inorganic and Organic Element Concentrations in Passerine Eggs and Nestlings Collected from Technical Area 16 Burn Grounds, Technical Area 36 Minie, and Technical Area 39 Point 6 at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1846122.

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Gaukler, Shannon, and Jenna Stanek. 2022 Results for Avian Monitoring of Inorganic Elements and Organic Chemical Concentrations in Passerine Eggs and Nestlings Collected from Technical Area 16 Burn Grounds, Technical Area 36 Minie, and Technical Area 39 Point 6 at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1923609.

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Palacios, Maria Gabriela, Carol M. Vleck, and David Vleck. Comparison of Immune Structure and Function of Nestling and Adult Tree Swallows. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-89.

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Gaukler, Shannon Marie, and Jenna Elizabeth Stanek. 2019 Results for Avian Monitoring of Inorganic and Organic Element Concentrations in Passerine Eggs and a Nestling Collected from Technical Area 16 Burn Grounds, Technical Area 36 Minie, and Technical Area 39 Point 6 at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1607903.

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