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Journal articles on the topic 'Net population increment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Zhang, Xiaoyu, Bowen Jia, Hai Lu, Xiaoling Wang, and Shengnan Li. "Examining the Key Denitrifying Bacterial Community Structure and Individual Proliferation of Activated Sludge in Wastewater Treatment Plants Operating at Low Temperatures." Processes 13, no. 6 (2025): 1814. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061814.

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To analyze the microbiological mechanisms of biological denitrification during low-temperature operations, continuous sampling of influent and activated sludge samples was conducted at the Changchun Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant. The relative abundance and absolute gene abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing archaea, and denitrifying bacteria were determined using high-throughput sequencing technology and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) technology, respectively. Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira were the dominant bacteria in ammonia-oxidizing bac

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Diaz Gomez, Mariana, David A. S. Rosen, and Andrew W. Trites. "Net energy gained by northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) is impacted more by diet quality than by diet diversity." Canadian Journal of Zoology 94, no. 2 (2016): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2015-0143.

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Understanding whether northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus (L., 1758)) are negatively affected by changes in prey quality or diversity could provide insights into their on-going population decline in the central Bering Sea. We investigated how six captive female fur seals assimilated energy from eight different diets consisting of four prey species (walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas, 1814, formerly Theragra chalcogrammus (Pallas, 1814)), Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847), capelin (Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776)), and magister armhook

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Abbot, Tomás, Nicolás Armijo, Robin Piron, and Manuel Espinoza. "Budget impact analysis of a rituximab intravenous biosimilar in patients with follicular lymphoma and large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Chile." Generics and Biosimilars Initiative Journal 13, no. 1 (2024): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5639/gabij.2024.1301.002.

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Introduction: In Chile, access disparities and budget constraints affect the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients, even though therapies like rituximab are covered by the Regime of Explicit Health Guarantees. Biosimilars like Rixathon® off er a compelling alternative with similar efficacy at lower cost. This study conducted a budget impact analysis to assess the introduction of Rixathon® for follicular lymphoma (FL) and diff use large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (DLBCL) patients from Chilean healthcare system perspective. Methods: A budget impact model was developed to estimate the cost

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Konstantinavičienė, Julija. "Assessment of Potential of Forest Wood Biomass in Terms of Sustainable Development." Sustainability 15, no. 18 (2023): 13871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813871.

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Forest wood biomass is one of the basic renewable resources used in the bioeconomy as a raw material for industrial products and fuel. The forest also plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. The increasing demand for wood biomass due to the growing population, as well as the required strategies to face climate change, force us to look at the use of forest wood biomass from a different angle. The European Commission has made a decision about the European Green Deal strategy. The new EU Forestry Strategy, as an element of the European Green Deal, promotes the sustainable use of wood-

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LAHJIE, ABUBAKAR M., B. D. A. S. SIMARANGKIR, R. KRISTININGRUM, YOSEP RUSLIM, and AGUS LEPONG. "Financial analysis of dipterocarp log production and rubber production in the forest and land rehabilitation program of Sekolaq Muliaq, West Kutai District, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 3 (2018): 707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190301.

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Lahjie AM, Lepong A, Simarangkir BDAS, Kristiningrum R, Ruslim Y. 2018. Financial analysis of dipterocarp log production and rubber production in the forest and land rehabilitation program of Sekolaq Muliaq, West Kutai District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 707-716. The Dayak community of East Kalimantan in the last decade has begun to develop production systems that integrate forest timber tree species into plantation commodity enterprises. They have become aware that the natural forest species of their surroundings such as Meranti (Shorea sp.) and Kapur (Dryobalanops aromatica) are often eas

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K, Girish, Moulya Nagaraj, Pavithra S, Jyothi R, and Lakshmi Pandith. "Randomized and parallel-group study of cost-effectiveness analysis of escitalopram and desvenlafaxine in moderate-to-severe depression." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 13, no. 8 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.12618202209012022.

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Background: Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) measures costs and outcomes in monetary terms, it can be used to compare net benefits of all types of interventions. CEA is most important for chronic conditions such as depression requiring long-term/lifelong medications. Depression is a mood disorder affecting all age groups with a considerable impact on the quality of life. It imposes an economic burden on the individual, family, and society. Among antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors are commonly preferred since they are well-t

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Guasch-Ferré, Marta, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Jun Li, et al. "Plasma Acylcarnitines and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 104, no. 5 (2018): 1508–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-01000.

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Abstract Context The potential associations between acylcarnitine profiles and incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and whether acylcarnitines can be used to improve diabetes prediction remain unclear. Objective To evaluate the associations between baseline and 1-year changes in acylcarnitines and their diabetes predictive ability beyond traditional risk factors. Design, Setting, and Participants We designed a case-cohort study within the PREDIMED Study including all incident cases of T2D (n = 251) and 694 randomly selected participants at baseline (follow-up, 3.8 years). Plasma acylcarnitines w

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Liu, Zifeng, Xiaoting Su, Mianli Xiao, et al. "Association between Eating Away from Home and Hyperuricemia: A Population-Based Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in China." BioMed Research International 2019 (October 3, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2792681.

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Hyperuricemia (HU) is a risk factor for different kinds of chronic noncommunicable diseases, and eating away from home (EAFH) may play an important role in their development, which has been ignored greatly so far. This study aimed to investigate the association between EAFH and HU in different models. A cross-sectional study involving 8,322 participants of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) was conducted. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. We found that participants who consumed more away-from-home food had a higher risk for HU, and the adjusted odds ratio (aOR

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Dzhambov, Angel M. "Workplace noise exposure and serum testosterone in men enrolled in the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 67, no. 3 (2016): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2774.

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Abstract There is compelling evidence from animal experiments that noise exposure suppresses testosterone in males by affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. Virtually nothing is known about its effect in humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the association between occupational noise exposure and serum testosterone in a representative sample of the general population. The sample has been taken from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for the period between 1999 and 2004 and is limited to employed men aged 16-85+ years at the time.

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Moore, James A., Peter G. Mika, and James L. Vander Ploeg. "Nitrogen Fertilizer Response of Rocky Mountain Douglas-Fir by Geographic Area Across the Inland Northwest1." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 6, no. 4 (1991): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/6.4.94.

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Abstract Response to nitrogen fertilization treatments in Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) differed significantly among geographic regions within the inland northwest. Gross basal area and volume growth on fertilized plots were significantly greater than growth on controls for all geographic regions, but only in northern Idaho and central Washington was gross response significantly greater on 400 lb/ac N plots than on 200 lb N plots. Net basal area and volume growth on treated plots in Montana, central Idaho, and northeast Oregon were not significantly greater tha

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Nilsson Wadström, Benjamin, Abd-al Hakim Fatehali, Gunnar Engström, and Peter M. Nilsson. "A Vascular Aging Index as Independent Predictor of Cardiovascular Events and Total Mortality in an Elderly Urban Population." Angiology 70, no. 10 (2019): 929–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003319719857270.

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The morphology and function of the arteries can be directly measured using different established methods. This prospective cohort study aimed to translate 2 of these, aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) and carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT), into a combined Vascular Aging Index (VAI) and then evaluate the predictive power of aPWV, cIMT, and VAI. Patients (n = 2718) were included from the cardiovascular arm of the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (median age 71.9 years, 62.2% females). Total follow-up time was 16 448 person-years and a composite cardiovascular disease (CVD) end point was used. Cox

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Vaamonde-Martín, Ricardo J., Mónica Ballesta-Ruiz, Antonia Sánchez-Gil, et al. "Incidence Trends and Main Features of Gastro-Intestinal Stromal Tumours in a Mediterranean Region: A Population-Based Study." Cancers 15, no. 11 (2023): 2994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15112994.

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Gastro-Intestinal Stromal Tumours (GISTs) are a kind of neoplasm whose diagnosis in common clinical practice just started in the current century, implying difficulties for proper registration. Staff from the Cancer Registry of Murcia, in southeastern Spain, were commissioned by the EU Joint Action on Rare Cancers into a pilot study addressing GIST registration that also yielded a population-based depiction of GISTs in the region, including survival figures. We examined reports from 2001 to 2015 from hospitals as well as cases already present in the registry. The variables collected were sex, d

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Xie, Yuanming, Zemeng Ma, Mingjie Fang, et al. "Analysis of Net Primary Productivity of Retired Farmlands in the Grain-for-Green Project in China from 2011 to 2020." Land 12, no. 5 (2023): 1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12051078.

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The Grain-for-Green Project (GFGP), one of the largest ecological restoration projects in China, has made a significant contribution to carbon neutrality. However, the quantitative contribution to climate change and the driving forces of the carbon sequestration of retired farmlands remains unclear. To analyze the carbon dynamics of the retired farmlands and their driving forces, GlobeLand30 databases were used to identify retired farmlands from 2001 to 2020; in addition, net primary productivity (NPP) of the identified lands was estimated with the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA). Resul

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Aryan, Zahra, Alireza Ghajar, Sara Faghihi-Kashani, Mohsen Afarideh, Manouchehr Nakhjavani, and Alireza Esteghamati. "Baseline High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Predicts Macrovascular and Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Study." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 72, no. 4 (2018): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000488537.

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Background/Aims: This prospective study is aimed at examining the predictive value of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) for coronary heart disease (CHD) events and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A population-based study (NCT02958579) was conducted on 1,301 participants with T2DM (mean follow-up of 7.5 years). Risk assessment for vascular events was done at baseline, and serum hs-CRP was measured. End points of this study include CHD events, diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, and diabetic kidney disease. Individuals with unavailable data or hs

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Abusuyev, S. A., J. G. Khachirov, and A. A. Akhmedkhanov. "Diabetes mellitus epidemiology in Daghestan." Problems of Endocrinology 39, no. 1 (1993): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11900.

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The authors analyze the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Daghestan, a republic with various climatic and geographic zones, whose population belongs to a great variety of ethnic groups, over 1987-1991. The findings evidence a lower prevalence of this condition in Daghestan than in other regions, but there is a trend to an annual increment in the morbidity, mostly at the expense of Type II diabetes. The urban residents of Daghestan more often develop the disease, may be due to the fact that wine-making industry is concentrated mainly in town. In the country diabetes mellitus in more incident o

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Hapicha, Jillo, and Ibrahim Nyaboga. "Influence of Stakeholders Participation on Performance of Hunger Safety Net Project in Isiolo County." International Journal of Current Aspects 8, no. 1 (2024): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/mpmmc972.

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For the past 10 years, the government of Kenya has been supporting hunger safety net programs as evidenced by the annual increment in budgetary allocation. By March 2019, a total of Kshs. 22 billion had been disbursed across the four counties with women directly accessing 60% of the amount. Yet, most initiatives have been found to be unsustainable, with just 10% of them succeeding in producing the anticipated results. Particularly, it is unclear whether living conditions have improved in Isiolo County despite the Hunger Safety program's operation since inception. The study aim was to determine

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Saha, Chilka, Saida Parveen, Joy Chakraborty, Soujita Pramanik, and Gautam Aditya. "Life table estimates of the invasive snail Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805, occurring in India." Ekológia (Bratislava) 36, no. 1 (2017): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eko-2017-0006.

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Abstract The life table characteristics of the invasive snail Physa acuta were assessed in the laboratory using the individuals occurring in a newly colonised area in Burdwan, West Bengal, India. Using the changes in the shell length and the body weight of the snails as surrogate, the population growth of the snails was estimated along with longevity and the fecundity schedule. The cohort of P. acuta lived for a maximum of 22 weeks with a life expectancy (ex) of 7.27 weeks and the age-specific survivorship being 0.825. Increment of the shell length of the snails complied with the von Bertalanf

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Cantinho, Roberta Zecchini, Jimmy Alexander Hernandez Linares, José Luiz Vieira da Cruz Vieira, Mauro Lucio Rodrigues de Assis, and Mercedes Maria Da Cunha Bustamante. "PROTECTED AREAS IN BRAZIL: EVOLUTION, LAND USE AND COVER, AND IMPACT ON EMISSIONS INVENTORY." FLORESTA 51, no. 1 (2020): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v51i1.67761.

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Faced with population growth and intensification of the use of natural resources, Protected Areas (PA) and Indigenous Lands (IL) play a fundamental role in environmental conservation. The carbon increment of preserved vegetation within these areas is accounted for as CO2 removal in the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) sector of the National Emissions Inventory. A topological evaluation of overlaps was made of the databases of PAs (full protection and sustainable use) and ILs, showing that they represent 6% of the protected areas. Of the total of PAs and ILs areas, 43% were esta

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Agbo, Josephine Nkechi, Benjamin C. Okpukpara, and Kingsley David Ude. "Market Share and Price-Setting Behaviour in Bilateral Areas: Evidence from Bambara Groundnut Markets in Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. X (2023): 430–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.701036.

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Marketing activities within the Bambara groundnut subsector may tend to become sub-standard because of production price uncertainty and production risk which may ejaculate into inefficiency in the market. In this respect, the study analyzed market share and Price-setting Behaviour in Bilateral areas: evidence from Bambara Groundnut Markets in Nigeria. The population of the study comprised marketers of Bambara groundnut in South-east, Nigeria. Of the five states in south-east region of Nigeria, two States were chosen purposively so as to ascertain the movement of prices between the two states.

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Grishchenko, Vitaly. "Catastrophic years for the White Stork: analysis of three cases in Ukraine." Berkut 18, no. 1-2 (2009): 22–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10213562.

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<strong>Catastrophic years for the White Stork: analysis of three cases in Ukraine. - V.N. Grishchenko. - Berkut. 18 (1-2). 2009. - P. 22-40.</strong>Normal number dynamics of the White Stork are sometimes interrupted by sharp declines. They are accompanied by the delayed arrival and the reduction of breeding success. This is an interesting phenomenon called 'catastrophic' or 'disturbance' year (German – 'Störungsjahr'). In catastrophic years the influence of adverse factors has complex and global character. It reveals itself on large territories including many countries. During monitoring of

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Ghadessi, Mercedeh, Eric J. Bergstralh, Nicholas Erho, et al. "Validation of a genomic classifier that predicts metastatic disease progression in men with high-risk pathologic features postprostatectomy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 6_suppl (2013): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.6_suppl.36.

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36 Background: Following radical prostatectomy (RP), 30-40% of patients have adverse pathology and are deemed at high risk for metastatic progression. The objective of this study was to validate the ability of Decipher, a genomic classifier (GC), to improve prediction of metastatic disease progression compared with clinical variables in order to better identify candidates for therapy intensification. Methods: A previously developed 22-feature GC model was validated in a prospectively designed case-cohort study of a clinically high-risk population (i.e., with one or more adverse pathological fe

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Knochenhauer, E. S., C. Cortet-Rudelli, R. D. Cunnigham, B. A. Conway-Myers, D. Dewailly, and R. Azziz. "Carriers of 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency Are Not at Increased Risk for Hyperandrogenism*." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 82, no. 2 (1997): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.82.2.3759.

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Abstract A deficiency of 21-hydroxylase activity is one of the most commonly inherited genetic disorders in man, with heterozygosity for CYP21 mutations affecting approximately 1 in 60 of the non-Jewish Caucasian population. We have hypothesized that heterozygosity for CYP21 mutations in women increases their risk of developing clinically evident hyperandrogenism, and that this risk is related to the severity of the mutation of CYP21 and/or the 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) response to ACTH stimulation. To test these hypotheses, we studied 38 obligate carriers for 21-hydroxylase deficiency (

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Parmar, Ambika, Tina Jiao, and Kelvin K. Chan. "Drug funding price negotiations: Towards achieving a balance between individual and population gains in health benefits." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (2019): 6641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.6641.

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6641 Background: Drug price negotiation to lower cost to a cost-effectiveness threshold (λ) is a recognized approach to improve health care opportunities for the greater benefit of the population. Critics have raised concerns for this approach given the additional time required and speculated loss of quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) for patients. The current study aimed to quantify the incremental net health benefit (INHB) of publicly funded oncology drugs, if funding occurred at list prices without (w/o) negotiations. Methods: Pan-Canadian Oncology Drug Review submissions were reviewed to i

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Dennis, Elliott J., Ted C. Schroeder, and David G. Renter. "Net return distributions when metaphylaxis is used to control bovine respiratory disease in high health-risk cattle." Translational Animal Science 4, no. 2 (2020): 1091–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaa020.

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Abstract This study’s objective was to estimate net returns and return risk for antimicrobial metaphylaxis options to manage bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in high health-risk feedlot cattle. The effectiveness of antimicrobials for metaphylaxis varies by cattle population. How differing antimicrobial effectiveness translates to net return profitability for heterogeneous cattle populations is less understood. Net returns and return risk were assessed using a net return simulation model adapted to allow for heterogeneity in high health-risk cattle placement characteristics and antimicrobial ch

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Witham, Miles D., Margaret Band, Huey Chong, et al. "Sodium bicarbonate to improve physical function in patients over 60 years with advanced chronic kidney disease: the BiCARB RCT." Health Technology Assessment 24, no. 27 (2020): 1–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta24270.

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Background Advanced chronic kidney disease is common in older people and is frequently accompanied by metabolic acidosis. Oral sodium bicarbonate is used to treat this acidosis, but evidence is lacking on whether or not this provides a net gain in health or quality of life for older people. Objectives The objectives were to determine whether or not oral bicarbonate therapy improves physical function, quality of life, markers of renal function, bone turnover and vascular health compared with placebo in older people with chronic kidney disease and mild acidosis; to assess the safety of oral bica

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Rogers, A. "Heterogeneity, Spatial Population Dynamics, and the Migration Rate." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 24, no. 6 (1992): 775–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a240775.

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The literature on the impacts of heterogeneity and selection in population analysis has been limited largely to the conventional unistate perspective in which only decrements are considered; and their temporal (selectivity) impacts on independent subpopulations examined. In this paper, the focus is on the evolutionary dynamics of (multistate) multiregional populations whose interdependent subpopulations can experience increments as well as decrements. It is shown that in such instances migration rates that are not true occurrence-exposure rates are ambiguous, because they depend on the relativ

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Catalano, Matthew J., and Micheal S. Allen. "A whole-lake density reduction to assess compensatory responses of gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 6 (2011): 955–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-036.

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We used a fishery-induced density reduction of gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum at a previously unharvested lake to evaluate compensatory density dependence in recruitment processes. We also studied gizzard shad populations at two nearby unharvested lakes to provide contrast with the harvested population. Gizzard shad spawner biomass was reduced by 72% at the harvested lake after 2 years of gill-net removals, although variation in total shad biomass was more modest. We evaluated responses by gizzard shad to the range of biomasses present among the three lakes and 5 years of the study. Annual g

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Smoliński, Szymon, Côme Denechaud, Gotje von Leesen, et al. "Differences in metabolic rate between two Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) populations estimated with carbon isotopic composition in otoliths." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0248711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248711.

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The isotopic composition of inorganic carbon in otoliths (δ13Coto) can be a useful tracer of metabolic rates and a method to study ecophysiology in wild fish. We evaluated environmental and physiological sources of δ13Coto variation in Icelandic and Northeast Arctic (NEA) cod (Gadus morhua) over the years 1914–2013. Individual annual growth increments of otoliths formed at age 3 and 8 were micromilled and measured by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Simultaneously, all annual increment widths of the otoliths were measured providing a proxy of fish somatic growth. We hypothesized that changes i

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von Leesen, Gotje, Bjarte Bogstad, Einar Hjörleifsson, Ulysses S. Ninnemann, and Steven E. Campana. "Temperature exposure in cod driven by changes in abundance." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 79, no. 4 (2022): 587–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-0424.

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Animals actively select the most suitable habitat in terms of fitness, much of which is mediated by temperature. We reconstructed population abundance, oxygen isotope and temperature chronologies for the Icelandic and the Northeast Arctic (NEA) cod (Gadus morhua) populations to determine if their temperature selectivity over the last 100 years was driven by rising water temperatures and (or) changes in abundance. Individual annual growth increments from immature and mature life history stages of cod collected in southern Iceland and the Lofoten area (Norway) were micromilled from adult otolith

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Saavedra, Camilo. "strandCet: R package for estimating natural and non-natural mortality-at-age of cetaceans from age-structured strandings." PeerJ 6 (October 9, 2018): e5768. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5768.

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Mortality is one of the most important parameters for the study of population dynamics. One of the main sources of information to calculate the mortality of cetaceans arises from the observed age-structure of stranded animals. A method based on an adaptation of a Heligman-Pollard model is proposed. A freely accessible package of functions (strandCet) has been created to apply this method in the statistical software R. Total, natural, and anthropogenic mortality-at-age is estimated using only data of stranded cetaceans whose age is known. Bayesian melding estimation with Incremental Mixture Imp

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Commander, Simon. "Malthus and the Theory of ‘Unequal Powers’: Population and Food Production in India, 1800–1947." Modern Asian Studies 20, no. 4 (1986): 661–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00013688.

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The spectre of a ‘Malthusian’ catastrophe engulfing the subcontinent commands less attention currently than in relatively recent times. This is largely attributable to the greater sense of confidence in the food-grain supply capacity of Indian agriculture in the wake of the Green Revolution. From the mid-1960s through to 1980, output has maintained a growth rate in excess of 2.5% p.a., with yield increments rather than area increments accounting for the major part. Since 1950, per capita net availability of foodgrains has increased by over 20%, while the real price of foodgrains has shown a st

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Asamrew, Nebsu, Abduilhafiz A. Endris, and Musse Tadesse. "Level of Patient Satisfaction with Inpatient Services and Its Determinants: A Study of a Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (August 13, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2473469.

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Background. The health care industry is undergoing a rapid transformation to meet the ever-increasing needs and demands of its patient population. Level of patients’ satisfaction is an important health outcome, which is regarded as a determinant measure for quality of care. This study was performed with the aim of assessing the level of patient satisfaction with inpatient services and its determinants in Black Lion Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 25th to December 20th, 2015, using 398 randomly selected pat

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Lu, Jianglin, Keqiang Wang, and Hongmei Liu. "Land Development Rights, Spatial Injustice, and the Economic Development in Net-Incremental Reduction Regions of Construction Land: Evidence from Shanghai, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (2023): 2560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032560.

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Rapid urbanization raises the issue of protecting development interests in net-incremental reduction regions of construction land (NRRCL). Spatial injustice (SI) is one of the key factors for the smooth implementation of construction land reduction (CLR) policies. This study theoretically analyzes the influence of SI on the economic development in CLR saving quota outflow regions, namely, NRRCL, and conducted empirical tests with the difference-in-differences model. The findings reveal that: (1) regional differences in CLR policy promote the transfer of land development rights from NRRCL to ne

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Jagtenberg, Caroline Jeanne, Oddvar Uleberg, Gudrun Maria Waaler Bjørnelv, and Jo Røislien. "Utopia for Norwegian helicopter emergency medical services: Estimating the number of bases needed to radically bring down response times, and lives needed to be saved for cost effectiveness." PLOS ONE 18, no. 3 (2023): e0281706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281706.

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Objectives Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) throughout Europe are generally on scene within 10–15 minutes. In Norway, however, with its 13 HEMS bases, only 75% of the population can currently be reached within half an hour. We estimate the number of HEMS bases needed to reach the full Norwegian population within 10–15 minutes, and discuss implications regarding cost effectiveness. Methods Using geographic location and population characteristics from Norway’s 428 municipalities as input to the Maximal Covering Location Problem–a mathematical location optimization model–we estimate t

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Feeken, Stacey F., Zachary B. Klein, Michael C. Quist, and Ned Horner. "Population Characteristics and the Potential Suppression of Common Carp in Lake Spokane, Washington." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 10, no. 2 (2019): 362–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/122018-jfwm-114.

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Abstract Common Carp Cyprinus carpio is a nonnative species that often has deleterious effects on aquatic systems. As such, there is interest in suppressing nonnative Common Carp populations in areas where humans have introduced them. The objectives of this study were to 1) provide insight on efficient techniques for capturing Common Carp, 2) describe their population demographics and dynamics, 3) evaluate whether temperature and water elevation were related to growth and recruitment, and 4) develop an age-structured population model for evaluating different management scenarios of Common Carp

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Wang, Yufan, Alexandra L. McCarthy, and Haitham Tuffaha. "OP121 Cost-Utility Analysis Of A Supervised Exercise Intervention For Women With Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 39, S1 (2023): S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462323001277.

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IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women diagnosed with endometrial cancer. There is clinical evidence that exercise significantly reduces the risks of CVD and cancer recurrence; however, it is unclear whether there is value for money in integrating exercise into clinical cancer care for this population. This paper aimed to assess the long-term cost effectiveness of a 12-week supervised exercise intervention, compared with standard care, for women diagnosed with early-stage endometrial cancer.MethodsA cost-utility analysis was conducted from the Australia

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Tsang, Chi Chun Steve, Junling Wang, and Ya-Chen Tina Shih. "Cost-effectiveness of medication therapy management among Medicare population and across racial/ethnic groups." Medicine 103, no. 18 (2024): e37935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000037935.

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Background: Inappropriate medication utilization among older adults is a pressing concern in the United States, owing to its high prevalence and the consequential detrimental impact it engenders. The adverse effects stemming from the inappropriate use of medication may be unequally borne by racial/ethnic minority populations, calling for greater efforts towards promoting equity in healthcare. The study objective was to assess the cost-effectiveness of Medication Therapy Management (MTM) services among Medicare beneficiaries and across racial/ethnic groups. Methods: Medicare administrative data

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Thom, Howard H. Z., Will Hollingworth, Reecha Sofat, et al. "Directly Acting Oral Anticoagulants for the Prevention of Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation in England and Wales: Cost-Effectiveness Model and Value of Information Analysis." MDM Policy & Practice 4, no. 2 (2019): 238146831986682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2381468319866828.

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Objectives. Determine the optimal, licensed, first-line anticoagulant for prevention of ischemic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) in England and Wales from the UK National Health Service (NHS) perspective and estimate value to decision making of further research. Methods. We developed a cost-effectiveness model to compare warfarin (international normalized ratio target range 2–3) with directly acting (or non–vitamin K antagonist) oral anticoagulants (DOACs) apixaban 5 mg, dabigatran 150 mg, edoxaban 60 mg, and rivaroxaban 20 mg, over 30 years post treatment initiat

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Hutchinson, Brian, Adam Walter, Norm Campbell, et al. "Scaling hypertension treatment in 24 low-income and middle-income countries: economic evaluation of treatment decisions at three blood pressure cut-points." BMJ Open 14, no. 4 (2024): e071036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071036.

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Objective Estimate the incremental costs and benefits of scaling up hypertension care in adults in 24 select countries, using three different systolic blood pressure (SBP) treatment cut-off points—≥140, ≥150 and ≥160 mm Hg. Intervention Strengthening the hypertension care cascade compared with status quo levels, with pharmacological treatment administered at different cut-points depending on the scenario. Target population Adults aged 30+ in 24 low-income and middle-income countries spanning all world regions. Perspective Societal. Time horizon 30 years. Discount rate 4%. Costing year 2020 USD

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Asghar, Muhammad, Mirza Muhammad Qadeer Baig, Muhammad Afzal, and Naeem Faisal. "Evaluation of different insecticides for the management of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman, 1889) (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) on onion (Allium cepa L.) crops." Polish Journal of Entomology 87, no. 2 (2018): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjen-2018-0012.

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Abstract The efficacy of five insecticides containing a.i. bifenthrin, dimethoate, spinosad, spinetoram and chlorfenapyr was evaluated following RCBD against Thrips tabaci in farmer’s field for two consecutive years. The data were recorded before and after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 7 days of spraying. The results showed that all the insecticides reduced thrips populations compared to controls. However, the maximum reduction in thrips population and highest onion bulb yield (34.07 t/ha) was obtained with dimethoate 40EC followed by bifenthrin 10EC (33.14 t/ha). The minimum onion bulb yield (25.71 t/

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Thom, Howard, Alexandru Ciprian Visan, Edna Keeney, et al. "Clinical and cost-effectiveness of the Ross procedure versus conventional aortic valve replacement in young adults." Open Heart 6, no. 1 (2019): e001047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2019-001047.

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ObjectivesIn young and middle-aged adults, there are three current options for aortic valve replacement (AVR), namely mechanical AVR (mechAVR), tissue AVR (biological AVR) and the Ross operation, with no clear guidance on the best option. We aim to compare the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Ross procedure with conventional AVR in young and middle-aged adults.MethodsThis is a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of AVR options. Markov multistate model was adopted to compare cost-effectiveness. Lifetime costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), net monetary bene

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Mittmann, Nicole, Craig C. Earle, Stephanie Y. Cheng, et al. "Population-Based Study to Determine the Health System Costs of Using the 21-Gene Assay." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 3 (2018): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.74.2577.

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Purpose The 21-gene assay Oncotype Dx (Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA) test is used to aid the decision about chemotherapy in patients with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer who received endocrine therapy. Economic studies to support test adoption used decision-analytic models with assumptions and data derived from disparate sources. The objective was to evaluate whether the 21-gene assay test resulted in an overall cost expense or saving to the health system. Patients and Methods One thousand participants enrolled in a field evaluation study, were linked to population-level health sys

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Tan, Aaron C., Sibo Liu, and Nicholas Graves. "Cost-effectiveness of liquid biopsy for molecular profiling of newly diagnosed advanced non-squamous NSCLC in an Asian population." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 23_suppl (2024): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.23_suppl.178.

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178 Background: Liquid biopsy is complementary to tissue biopsy for lung cancer profiling, yet evidence of the cost-effectiveness is limited. This could retard implementation and reimbursement in clinical practice. The aim of this study is to estimate the cost-effectiveness of profiling strategies that include liquid biopsy and to identify the optimal profiling approach for newly diagnosed advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in an Asian population using Singapore as an example. Methods: A decision tree and partitioned-survival model was developed from the Singapore healthc

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Lu, Brandon, Erind Dvorani, Lena Nguyen, et al. "Cost-effectiveness analysis of bevacizumab biosimilars for metastatic colorectal cancer: A comparative study using real-world data." JCO Oncology Practice 19, no. 11_suppl (2023): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/op.2023.19.11_suppl.9.

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9 Background: MVASI (Amgen) and Zirabev (Pfizer) are two of the earliest bevacizumab biosimilars approved for the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). While the introduction of biosimilars present an opportunity to alleviate the financial toxicity owing to the escalating costs of novel biologics, biosimilars should be comparatively assessed against the reference biologic in a real-world setting to confirm that they are indeed cost-saving or cost-effective after implementation. In this study, we aimed to confirm and quantify the real-world cost-savings of MVASI and Zirab

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Amogha, Amogha, Usha Usha, V. K. Mishra, and M. Soniya Devi. "EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT IPM MODULES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CHICKPEA POD BORER, HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA (HUBNER)." Journal of Experimental Zoology India 26, no. 2 (2023): 2541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51470/jez.2023.26.2.2541.

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A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research farm of Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi during the Rabi season 2021-22 to find out the efficacy of different IPM modules on the larval population of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in chickpea. Among the different tested management modules, module-2 comprising of Spinosad 45% SC (75 g a.i./ha) + Datura leaf extract 25% was found to be most effective in minimizing the larval population (0.69 larvae/ 5 plants) along with that the lowest percent pod damage (6.91%), the highest yield (1.57 t/ha) and the highest ne

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Krebs, Emanuel, Deirdre Weymann, Cheryl Ho, Samantha Pollard, and Dean A. Regier. "Target trial emulation with real-world data to determine the population-level cost-effectiveness of multi-gene panel sequencing in advanced melanoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (2024): e21508-e21508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e21508.

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e21508 Background: Compared to single-gene BRAF testing to guide targeted treatment for advanced melanoma, multi-gene panels can identify additional gene mutations with known therapeutic or prognostic relevance. No randomized control trials of multi-gene panel sequencing have been completed in advanced melanoma. This study determined the population-level cost-effectiveness of multi-gene panel sequencing compared to single-gene BRAF testing for advanced melanoma. Methods: Our population-based retrospective study emulated a hypothetical pragmatic trial using comprehensive patient-level clinical

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Zawka, Simon, and P. D. N. Srinivasu. "The impact of pollution reduction on the optimal harvesting strategy in a seasonally changing and polluted environment." Mathematics in Applied Sciences and Engineering 5, no. 2 (2024): 165–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/mase/17458.

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This paper deals with the optimal harvesting of single-species populations in a polluted and seasonally varying environment. The presence of pollution negatively impacts resource growth, and as a consequence, the economic rent from harvest suffers. Assuming that pollution is inevitable, the harvester, who has a fixed flow of funds for harvesting activity, intends to invest the unused funds left over after harvesting in pollution control, expecting some increment in the economic rent. Thus, optimal harvesting problems in two different scenarios have been studied, and the solutions are compared

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Klein, K. K., Robert Bewer, Md Kamar Ali, and S. N. Kulshreshtha. "Estimating water use efficiencies for water management reform in Southern Alberta irrigated agriculture." Water Policy 14, no. 6 (2012): 1015–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2012.151.

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Water use technical efficiency (WUTE) and three definitions of water use economic efficiency (WUEE) were estimated for the four river sub-basins that encompass the 13 irrigation districts in Southern Alberta over a 5-year period: 2004–08. The average level of WUTE varied from 3.5 to 6.2 Mt dam−3. The gross economic value of crop production varied from Canadian (C)$345 to C$592 dam−3. The net economic value of crop production varied from C$163 to C$268 dam−3. The incremental increase in net value of crop production under irrigation over what it would have been under dry land conditions varied f

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Krebs, Emanuel, Deirdre Weymann, Samantha Pollard, and Dean Regier. "OP61 Target Trial Emulation To Determine The Population-Level Cost-Effectiveness Of Multigene Panel Sequencing For Advanced Melanoma." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 40, S1 (2024): S27. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266462324001211.

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IntroductionCompared to single-gene BRAF testing to guide targeted treatment with BRAF/MEK inhibitors for advanced melanoma, multigene panels can identify additional gene mutations with known therapeutic or prognostic relevance. Implementation of multigene panels remains uneven across healthcare systems given an uncertain clinical and economic evidence base. We determined the population-level cost-effectiveness of multigene panels compared to single-gene BRAF testing for advanced melanoma.Methods Our population-based retrospective study emulated a hypothetical pragmatic trial comparing multige

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Herman, Patricia M., Julie Bucho-Gonzalez, Usha Menon, Laura A. Szalacha, and Linda Larkey. "Cost-Effectiveness of Community-to-Clinic Tailored Navigation for Colorectal Cancer Screening in an Underserved Population: Economic Evaluation Alongside a Group-Randomized Trial." American Journal of Health Promotion 36, no. 4 (2022): 678–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08901171211068454.

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Purpose Although screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) lowers mortality and morbidity and is generally cost-effective, little is known about the cost-effectiveness of screening promotion. Design Cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a group-randomized trial. Setting: Multicultural, underinsured communities in the Phoenix, Arizona, area. Subjects English- or Spanish-speaking adults who were out of compliance for CRC screening guidelines. Intervention All participants received community-based group education (GE), and the intervention group also received tailored community-to-clinic navigation (

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