Relevant bibliographies by topics / Net price

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Net price'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Net price"

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Hadi, Wartoyo. "ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF NET PROFIT MARGIN, RETURN ON ASSETS AND RETURN ON EQUITY ON STOCK PRICE (Case Study on Consumption Industrial Sector Companies Listed in Indonesian Sharia Stock Index at Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016)." Management Journal of Binaniaga 3, no. 02 (December 31, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33062/mjb.v3i2.261.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of Net Profit Margin, Return On Assets, and Return On Equity on Stock Price of consumption industrial sector companies listed in Indonesian Sharia Stock Index at Indonesia Stock Exchange. The method of growth analysis which used is quantitative descriptive method. Whereas to find out the effect of Net Profit Margin, Return On Assets, and Return On Equity for Stock Price partially or simultaneously use descriptive method and multiple linear regression analysis technique. The study results that obtained show that partially Net Profit Margin and Return On Assets do not affect stock price, whereas Return On Equity effects on stock price. Simultaneously Net Profit Margin, Return On Assets, and Return On Equity affect stock prices. Key words: Net Profit Margin, Return On Assets, Return On Equity, and Stock Price
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Hadiyanti, Sofia Ulfa Eka, and Praja Hadi Saputra. "FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS TECHNIC AND STOCK PRICE." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen 14, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30650/jem.v14i2.270.

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This study aims to determine the effect of Price Earning Ratio, Earning Per Share, Book Value Ratio Price, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Net Profit Margin on stock prices in the hotel, restaurant, and tourism sub sector issuers in 2017 for 12 months. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling method, with the number of samples used in this study as many as 9 companies. The variables used in this study are Price Earning Ratio, Earning Per Share, Price Book Value Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Net Profit Margin as independent variables. The stock price is the dependent variable. The statistical testing method used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. And hypothesis testing uses the F test to test the effect of simultaneous variables and the T test to test the coefficient partially at a significant level of 5%. Besides that, it also used data normality test, classic assumption test which included autocorrelation test, multicollinearity test, and heteroscedasticity test. The results of the analysis using multiple regression indicate that: Price Earning Ratio, Price Book Value, and Net Profit Margin have a positive effect on Stock Prices, while Earning Per Share and Debt to Equity Ratio negatively affect Stock Prices.
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Cortes, Armando, Megan Park, and Bryan C. McCarthy. "Drug purchase price volatility in an academic medical center." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 78, Supplement_2 (March 16, 2021): S33—S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxaa422.

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Abstract Purpose Inpatient drug purchase price trends at an 811-bed academic medical center are described. Summary Recent highly publicized drug price increases by pharmaceutical manufacturers have generated public interest in regulatory solutions to reduce drug costs. Monitoring drug price changes through internal dashboards has been demonstrated to aid in purchasing decisions to reduce the impact of drug price changes on inpatient pharmacy drug budgets. In this research, University of Chicago Medicine created an internal dashboard to detail specific inpatient drug purchase price trends. Dashboard data input included all medications purchased through the organization’s group purchasing organization over a 25-month time frame. A total of 69,245 drug purchases of 2,432 unique medications and/or dosage strengths were analyzed in the study. Within the 25-month time period, 706 medications (29%) had a net drug purchase price increase, while 898 (37%) had a net drug purchase price decrease. The range of net price percentage changes for medications with price increases was 0.01% to 733.6%; the range for medications with price decreases was 0.01% to 97.5%. Conclusion Relative to previous purchase prices, drug purchase prices decreased or remained the same more often than they increased over a 25-month time frame. However, drug purchase price percentage changes were far greater for medications whose prices increased rather than decreased.
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John, St, and Johnny B. Starkey. "An Alternative to Net Price." Journal of Higher Education 66, no. 2 (March 1995): 156–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221546.1995.11774771.

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Haucap, Justus, and Ulrich Heimeshoff. "Consumer behavior towards on-net/off-net price differentiation." Telecommunications Policy 35, no. 4 (May 2011): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2011.02.004.

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Fang, Xian Wen, Yan Ni Zou, and Qian Jin Zhao. "An Efficient Web Service Composition Method Based on the Price-Time Petri Net." Advanced Materials Research 268-270 (July 2011): 1421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.1421.

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At present, developers can rapidly generate applications through Web service composition, the quality of service (QoS) of web service composition is important, but most of the existing composition methods are difficult to balance the QoS indexes (Such as time and price). In this paper, a web service composition method based on the price-time Petri net is proposed, the minimum cost can be obtained by modeling based on price time Petri net, and presents a method of priced state class to analyze the cost of web service composition model. Theoretical analysis and case analysis show that the price-time Petri net method is feasible to study Web service composition with the minimum cost.
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MERRITT, MEAGAN G., ANDREW P. GRIFFITH, CHRISTOPHER N. BOYER, and KAREN E. LEWIS. "PROBABILITY OF RECEIVING AN INDEMNITY PAYMENT FROM FEEDER CATTLE LIVESTOCK RISK PROTECTION INSURANCE." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 49, no. 3 (February 14, 2017): 363–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2016.44.

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AbstractLivestock risk protection (LRP) insurance is a price risk management tool available to cattle producers; however, producers have been hesitant to adopt LRP. The objective of the study was to determine the monthly feeder cattle LRP contract coverage level and length maximizing the probability of the LRP net price being greater than the CME Feeder Cattle Index (CME FCI) price. The CME FCI prices were higher than the LRP net price for the majority of the contract lengths and coverage levels. Several coverage lengths and levels provided similar price protection, and there was no consistent preferred coverage length and level.
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Munawarah, Munawarah, and Jeffry Suryono. "Pengukuran Variabel Makro dan Kinerja Keuangan Terhadap Perubahan Harga Saham." Owner 3, no. 1 (January 23, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/owner.v3i1.78.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of inflation rate, interest rate, and net profit on stock prices at Metal companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2011-2015. The independent variables of this research were the rate of inflation, interest rates, and net profit. Dependent variable of this research was stock price. The research used a quantitative method. The populations were 16 metal companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange and there were 15 companies used as sample which taken by purposive sampling technique. The research data were the company's financial statements at the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data were analized by multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this research indicated that Simultaneously, the rate of inflation, interest rates, and net profit had a positive and significant effect on stock prices. And partially, the inflation rate did not have a significant effect on stock prices, the interest rate did not have a significant effect on the price shares and net profit had a positive and significant effect on stock prices. The value of R square 0,289 shows that simultaneously the inflation rate, interest rate and net profit contributed to stock price only 28,9 %, and the remaining 71, 11% were affected by other variables not included in this study.
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Kumar, Rakesh. "Examining the Dynamic and Non-linear Linkages between Crude Oil Price and Indian Stock Market Volatility." Global Business Review 18, no. 2 (March 16, 2017): 388–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150916668608.

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The present study is an attempt to examine the dynamic impact of crude oil price variations in the international market on the Indian stock market volatility. For the purpose, the study uses crude oil monthly price expressed in dollar per barrel, Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)-listed index BSE Sensex and National Stock Exchange (NSE)-listed CNX Nifty prices for the period from January 2001 to December 2014. GARCH (1,1) model with net crude oil price change as exogenous variable is used to estimate the impact of net oil price change in international market on the conditional volatilities of both the indices. The findings report that net oil price change has a significant impact upon the conditional volatility of both the indices. These findings show that investors redesign their portfolios in response to crude oil price variations in the international market. They can use crude oil price as an important exogenous variable in forecasting models of stock returns and risk in the Indian stock market.
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Hamid, Abdul, and Dailibas Dailibas. "Pengaruh Return On Asset dan Net Profit Margin Terhadap Harga Saham." Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING) 4, no. 2 (February 26, 2021): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/costing.v4i2.1664.

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In the last few years, the national automotive industry has shown fairly attractive developments that are in great demand. This study aims to examine the effect of ROA and NPM on stock prices in automotive and component manufacturing companies listed on the IDX for the 2014-2019 period. The sample in this study there were 5 companies from 13 companies as a population, sampling using purposive sampling, so that the number of samples studied was 30 data for 6 years. The research method used is descriptive quantitative research methods. Based on the results of the research conducted, the authors concluded with the t test and f test, namely: ROA has a negative effect on stock prices, NPM has a positive effect on stock prices. Simultaneously ROA and NPM have an effect on stock prices. Based on this research, it is known that the stock price can be described as 53.3% by ROA and NPM and there are still 46.7% other factors outside the independent variables in this study that can describe the stock price. Keywords: ROA, NPM, Stock Price.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Net price"

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Honig, Jesse. "The Price is Right: Investigating Net Metering Policies for Rooftop Solar in California." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/70.

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As an increasing number of homeowners decide to take advantage of distributed renewable resources such as rooftop solar, we may need to rethink the current regulatory paradigm and governance structure of the electric market. This thesis examines the shortcomings of current net metering programs in California. While the current Net Metering 2.0 proceeding highlights a clash of solar advocates and electric utilities, it is in fact revealing an underlying structural flaw that has been present all along. In order to send the appropriate price signals to solar customers, both the structure by which utilities recover costs and the rate at which solar customers are compensated must be reconceived. I show how the current debates over the appropriate price to compensate solar customer are built on a flawed rate structure. Without addressing the underlying inefficiencies of current rate structures, it is unlikely that we will maintain utilities’ financial ability to operate and maintain grid infrastructure and provide solar customers with the proper incentives to reach the ideal transition to solar energy.
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Shao, Renyuan. "The Design and Evaluation of Price Risk Management Strategies in the U.S. Hog Industry." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1051933573.

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Nyabongo, Diana. "A study of the causes of the real net-of-tax cigarette price increases in South Africa (1990-2012)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8510.

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From the 1990's onwards the cigarette industry in South Africa has imposed substantial increases in the real net-of-tax price of cigarettes. Past research has presented various possible reasons for this increase, however none of this research has incorporated the effect that the international environment might have on price setting in the cigarette industry through tariffs. Using a Bertrand duopolistic model this paper presents a theoretical model to explain the effect that tariffs, and other relevant causal factors such as excise taxation might have on the real net-of-tax price. The relationships that exist between the real net-of-tax price and causal factors are then subjected to a preliminary analysis using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model. The results indicate that there is a relationship between the price of cigarettes and various causal factors. The results do not however substantiate what caused the real net-of-tax price increase from 1990's onwards. The paper attributes this to various limitations in the preliminary analysis process and suggests how these could be rectified. The paper hence presents a useful foundation to understanding the nature of the existing relationships between the price of cigarettes and various causal factors and how best these can be modelled.
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Ozguner, Erdem. "Short Term Electricity Price Forecasting In Turkish Electricity Market." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615169/index.pdf.

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With the aim for higher economical efficiency, considerable and radical changes have occurred in the worldwide electricity sector since the beginning of 1980s. By that time, the electricity sector has been controlled by the state-owned vertically integrated monopolies which manage and control all generation, transmission, distribution and retail activities and the consumers buy electricity with a price set by these monopolies in that system. After the liberalization and restructuring of the electricity power sector, separation and privatization of these activities have been widely seen. The main purpose is to ensure competition in the market where suppliers and consumers compete with each other to sell or buy electricity from the market and the consumers buy the electricity with a price which is based on competition and determined according to sell and purchase bids given by producers and customers rather than a price set by the government. Due to increasing competition in the electricity market, accurate electricity price forecasts have become a very vital need for all market participants. Accurate forecast of electricity price can help suppliers to derive their bidding strategy and optimally design their bilateral agreements in order to maximize their profits and hedge against risks. Consumers need accurate price forecasts for deriving their electricity usage and bidding strategy for minimizing their utilization costs. This thesis presents the determination of system day ahead price (SGOF) at the day ahead market and system marginal price (SMF) at the balancing power market in detail and develops artificial neural network models together with multiple linear regression models to forecast these electricity prices in Turkish electricity market. Also the methods used for price forecasting in the literature are discussed and the comparisons between these methods are presented. A series of historical data from Turkish electricity market is used to understand the characteristics of the market and the necessary input factors which influence the electricity price is determined for creating ANN models for price forecasting in this market. Since the factors influencing SGOF and SMF are different, different ANN models are developed for forecasting these prices. For SGOF forecasting, historical price and load values are enough for accurate forecasting, however, for SMF forecasting the net instruction volume occurred due to real time system imbalances is needed in order to increase the forecasting accuracy.
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Luhr, Erik, and Markus Herrmann. "Free on the Web! : The profitability of a radical price." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-118326.

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This thesis examines companies offering their services for free to Internet users, byemploying digital free business models. As a framework Chris Anderson’s classificationsof “free” business models are used. A sample of eleven companies that provide “free”services was selected and divided into four groups. These were search engine, socialnetworking/community, content based and others. Their profitability was then measuredin relation to their valuation with the help of P/E ratios within and among the groups. Aregression analysis was also conducted to compare profitability of either one of two“free” business models used by the researched companies.Findings were that search engine and social networking/community companies appear tohave profits for the period researched. No strong trend for overvaluation could be foundin either of these groups, except for individual companies with high P/E ratios. Neithercompany within the content based group showed any profits. Their marginal costs weretoo high but this may change with technological progress. Regression analysis could notshow any significant results employing either the “Freemium” or the advertising “free”business model to be more profitable than the other. Significant results could be shownbeing a content based company and being unprofitable. Comparison between specificcompanies gave mixed results but network effects appear to create dominant playerswithin each group. Employing more than only the advertising “free” business modelseems to be efficient in raising revenue per user for social networking/communitycompanies.

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Hiasat, Shuja'a Ahmad Abdelfattah. "Stock price and cost of debt reaction to changes in cash flow from operations." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20218.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Investigamos como o fluxo de caixa das operações afeta o retorno do preço das ações e o custo da dívida e comparamos o efeito relativo do fluxo de caixa versus o lucro líquido nos dois custos de financiamento. Este documento também compara a liquidez entre os índices STOXX Europe 600 e Amman 100 (ASE100), usando quatro medidas: Fluxo de Caixa das Operações, Retorno Ajustado ao Mercado, Retorno Anormal Cumulativo e o Custo da Dívida e seu impacto relativo na associação de fluxo de caixa com custo de capital. Os dados trimestrais utilizados para esta pesquisa são de empresas de capital aberto da Jordânia e de países europeus, de 2009 a 2018. Este estudo contribui para a literatura, pois fornece evidências sobre a associação relativa de ganhos e fluxos de caixa com o custo da dívida e retorno das ações. Também somos os primeiros a considerar qualquer efeito de liquidez de mercado nessa associação. Os resultados mostram um efeito positivo do fluxo de caixa das operações no retorno do preço das ações. Também mostra uma associação negativa e uma influência mais significativa do fluxo de caixa das operações do que o lucro líquido no custo da dívida, reduzindo-o. Além disso, o documento também mostra que o fluxo de caixa das operações tende a influenciar o retorno anormal acumulado e o custo da dívida de uma maneira melhor na Jordânia (um mercado menos líquido) do que no mercado europeu mais desenvolvido.
We investigate how the Cash Flow from Operations affects both the Stock Price Return and the Cost of Debt and compare the relative effect of Cash Flow versus Net Income on both costs of financing. This paper also compares the liquidity between STOXX Europe 600 and Amman stock exchange 100 (ASE100) indexes using four measures, Cash Flow from Operations, Market Adjusted Return, Cumulative Abnormal Return, and the Cost of Debt and its relative impact on Cash flow association with cost of capital. The quarterly data used for this research comes from publicly listed firms from Jordan and European countries, from 2009 through 2018. This study contributes to literature since it provides evidence on the relative association of Earnings and cash flows with cost of debt and stock returns. We are also the first to consider any market liquidity effect on this association. The results show a positive effect of Cash Flow from Operations on Stock Price Returns. It also shows a negative association and a more significant influence from Cash Flow from Operations than Net Income on the Cost of Debt, by reducing it. Furthermore, the paper also shows Cash Flow from Operations tend to influence the Cumulative Abnormal Return and the Cost of Debt in a better way in Jordan (a less liquid market) than in the more developed European market.
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Corey, Steven M. "The Trends In and Relationships Between Tuition Price, Institutional Aid, Enrollment, and Tuition Revenue and Their Determination of the Net Revenue Generated by Colleges and Universities from 1988 to 2000." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195551.

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This study utilizes descriptive statistics and regression analysis to evaluate trends in and relationships between tuition price, institutional aid, enrollment, and tuition revenue and their determination of the net revenue generated by colleges and universities. In doing so, it defines how much institutions generate in net revenue utilizing a new metric, net revenue generation rate (NRGR). This allows a new way of thinking about the relationship between the listed tuition price, the investment in aid, and the resultant gain or loss incurred by institutions due to pricing and aiding strategies. Additionally, it explores NRGR in the context of various tuition prices and institutional types over an extended period of time, as no other previous study has done. Publics institutions with higher tuition prices generate higher NRGR's. The opposite is found for private institutions. However as price increases, NRGR decreases. Larger enrollments relate to higher NRGR's, however increases in enrollment negatively influence NRGR for public institutions and positively influence private instituion's NRGR. Baccalaureate, Doctoral, and institutions of higher selectivity produce the largest net revenue per student, yet do so at the lowest NRGR's.This study also introduces the first assessment of marginal NRGR as a means of directly measuring the impact of increasing tuition price on aid and how much institutions make from an increase in tuition. As institutions increase tuition price, institutional aid increases, decreasing the amount of incremental revenue generated from the change in tuition price. This behavior is most clear for private institutions and varies by institutional type.This study also introduces a number of theoretical explanations for pricing and aiding behaviors and their potential effects on the net revenue they generate. This includes a commitment to meeting student financial need as well as attempts to maximize quality and net revenue.Finally, this study provides the first comprehensive use of IPEDS data to address these questions. In doing so, it provides significant gains in the methodology and application of this data set for use in answering questions about tuition price, institutional aid, and net revenue generation across a broad array of institutional types over extended periods of time.
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Nordmark, Sandra, and Josefin Wallgren. "The value of iron ore and timber in Sweden : An ex post study of the United Nations valuation framework for green national accounts." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-63279.

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Green national accounts are a complement to the more traditional GDP measure which includes natural capital and the depreciation and regeneration of natural capital. The United Nations have developed an international standard model, the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting, for valuing natural resources within the green national accounts. The method is based on forecasts of future streams of expected incomes from the resource. This study aims to find out whether the valuation method used to forecast future incomes from iron ore and timber according to the international standard is consistent with the actual outcomes. In Sweden, previous studies have been made to develop green national accounts from the 1800s onward. By using the United Nations’ current and previous valuation methods and performing calculations on historical resource rents it is possible to evaluate how well the methods can estimate true future values. This study shows that both valuation methods systematically misestimate the future income streams from both resources.
Gröna nationalräkenskaper är ett komplement till det mer traditionella BNP-måttet som även tar hänsyn till bland annat naturkapitalet och dess förslitning. FN har utvecklat en internationell standardmodell för gröna nationalräkenskaper, System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA), där en rekommenderad värderingsmetod för naturkapital finns angiven. Värderingsmetoden är baserad på framtida, förväntade, inkomstflöden från naturresursen. Den här studiens syfte är att ta reda på om värderingsmetoden för att förutse framtida intäkter för järnmalm och skog enligt den internationella standarden stämmer överens med de faktiska utfallen. I Sverige har tidigare studier gjorts för att utveckla gröna nationalräkenskaper från 1800-talet och framåt. Genom att använda FN:s nuvarande och tidigare rekommenderade värderingsmetoder för naturresurser och göra beräkningar på historiska vinster från naturresursen kan man se hur väl värderingsmetoderna fungerar i praktiken. Den här studien visar att bägge värderingsmetoderna systematiskt felskattar de framtida intäktsflödena från bägge resurser.
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Bryant, Angela V. "A Case Study for Georgia Southwestern State University: The Discrepancies' of Financial Aid Services that Impact Student Enrollment." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2396.

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At many traditional universities, the federal timelines for determining financial aid eligibility is based on releasing of the Free Application of Federal Student Aid each January, and the subsequent financial aid processing cycle July 1- June 30th. These federally established dates can conflict with traditional August class starts and creates a backlog and delayed processing of information that, in turn, hinders students from receiving timely information in order to make informed decisions based on financial aid awards. The purpose of this case study of a traditional university in Georgia was to apply net price theory and rational choice theory to evaluate the impact of timeline conflicts and how students make decisions about which institution to attend. Data consisted of internal documents, including the results of a prior survey of 425 freshmen, and 13 alumni focus group and survey participants. All data were inductively coded and analyzed using a constant comparative method to reveal key themes. Key findings indicated decision making by prospective students largely focused on accurate and timely communication and cost of attendance. One discrepant area was the decision maker's ability to differentiate between cost of attendance and net price which impacted some student decisions to enroll. The findings are consistent with both net price and rational choice theory. Recommendations to university leaders include encouraging early communication to prospective students and retraining efforts for financial aid staff in order to meet regulatory demands and timelines, increase student enrollment, and reduce anxieties for potential students and families associated with the financial aid process. These outcomes enhance social change by potentially opening doors to higher education for new generations of students.
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Jasaitė, Aida. "Medynų auginimo derlingose augavietėse ekonominis įvertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120620_150616-65023.

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Tirtas labiausiai paplitusių Lietuvoje medžių rūšių (P, E, Ą, U, B, D, J, Bt) grynų medynų auginimo derlingose augavietėse (c, d, f dirvožemio derlingumo ir N, L dirvožemio drėgnumo indeksai) ekonominis efektyvumas. Darbo objektas –ūkinių miškų labiausiai paplitusių medžių rūšių grynų medynų (P išskyrus d, f derlingumus, E, Ą, U, B, J, D, Bt) derlingose augavietėse (c, d, f dirvožemio derlingumo ir N, L dirvožemio drėgnumo indeksai) auginimo ekonominis efektyvumas, išreikštas grynosios dabartinės vertės rodikliais. Šios derlingos augavietės sudaro 44,1 proc. visų Lietuvos miškų. Tyrimų tikslas – palyginti dirbtinai atkuriamų ąžuolynų, uosynų, eglynų bei pušynų ir savaime atželiančių beržynų, juodalksnynų, drebulynų ir baltalksnynų auginimo ekonominį efektyvumą. Darbo metodai - taikytas variantų skaičiavimo metodas. Darbo rezultatai. Taikant įvairius nenukirsto miško kainų variantus ir 3 proc. diskonto normą, nustatyta, kad derlingose augavietėse savaiminis miško atžėlimas minkštųjų lapuočių medžių rūšimis (B, J, D, Bt) yra ekonomiškai efektyvesnis nei ąžuolynų, uosynų, eglynų ar pušynų dirbtinis įveisimas. Nustatyta, kad nenukirsto miško kainos padidėjimas, tiesiogiai veikia medynų auginimo ekonominio vertinimo rodiklius, šiuo atveju GDV. Raktažodžiai: medynų auginimas, technologinė savikaina, ekonominis efektyvumas, grynoji dabartinė vertė, diskonto norma, vidutinė metinė grynoji dabartinė vertė, nenukirsto miško kaina.
The economic efficiency of growing the pure stand of the most common tree species ( pine, spruce, oak, ash tree, birch, aspen, black an dgrey alder) inLithuania‘s fertile site type habitats ( c,d,f – soil fertility and N,L indice of soil moisture) has been studied. Research object: Economic efficiency of growing pure stand of the most common tree species in fertile habitats, expressed by the net present value of the indicators ( soil fertility, soil moisture indice). The fertile sites constitute 44,1 percent of all the forests in Lithuania. Researchaim: To compare the economic efficiency of artificially reforested oak, ash, spruce and pine stands with natural regeneration of birches, black alders, grey alders and aspens. Research methods: Variant calculation method was applied. Research outcomes: By applying diverse price options for uncut forest and 3percent discount rate, it was estimated that self – regeneration of soft deciduous tree species in fertile habitats is more cost effective than artificial afforestation with oaks, ash trees, spruces and pines. The price increase was found to have a direct effect on the economic indicators of forest growing. Keywords: forest growing, technological cost, economic efficiency, net present value, discount rate, the average annual net present value, the price of uncut forest.
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Books on the topic "Net price"

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Isaac, David. Property companies: Share price and net asset value. Dartford: Greenwich University Press, 1995.

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Fishwick, Francis. Report into the effects of the abandonment of the net book agreement. London: Book Trust, 1998.

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Seeley, Ralph M. Equilibrium price solution of net trade models using elasticities. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, International Economics Division, 1986.

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Davis, Evan. The Net Book Agreement: An economic assessment : a report prepared for Consumer's Association. London: Consumers' Association, 1991.

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Wei, Christina Chang. What is the price of college?: Total, net, and out-of-pocket prices in 2007-08. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, 2010.

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Berkner, Lutz K. Student financing of undergraduate education, 2003-04: With a special analysis of the net price of attendance and federal education tax benefits. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, 2006.

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John, Harvard, ed. Making the farm income safety net stronger and more responsive to farmers' needs: Report of the Standing Committee on Agriculture and Agri-Food. [Ottawa]: The Committee, 2000.

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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Making the farm income safety net stronger and more responsive to farmers'needs: Report of the Standing Committee on Agriculture and Agri-Food. Ottawa: Public Works and Government Services, 2000.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Effecting the reductions in net expenditures for milk price support activities as required by the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985: Report (to accompany H.R. 4188). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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Japan. Sōmuchō. Tōkeikyoku. Shōhisha bukka setsuzoku shisū sōran: Shōwa 60-nen kijun. [Tokyo]: Sōmuchō Tōkeikyoku, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Net price"

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Unger, Richard W. "Markets and Merchants: Commercial and Cultural Integration in Northwest Europe, 1300-1700." In Atti delle «Settimane di Studi» e altri Convegni, 431–52. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.22.

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Between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries commerce in northern Europe expanded and contracted. The long term net effect of the trade increase was an overall substantial impact on the economy and on the culture of the lands around the North and Baltic Seas. The development of interdependent markets can be indicated by examining the tendency of prices to converge in different places. Relying on previous research and novel ways of constructing indices using price data from a number of ports in northern Europe it is possible to confirm both the long term direction, with ups and downs, toward market integration as well as the emergence in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries of regional markets in certain food grains.
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Ogushi, Yoko. "Current Status and Issues for Urban (Regional Area) Formulation of the Location Normalization Plan: The Case of Niigata City." In New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives, 289–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8848-8_20.

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AbstractIn the case that the amount of investment differs between the designated area and other area, the impact on land prices will be unavoidable. In Niigata City, the plan has just been completed. From now on, we need to pay close attention to how to make land use more appropriate by policy guidance and how it affects the land price.
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Whitaker, J. K. "Demand Price." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–3. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_224-1.

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Whitaker, John K. "Demand Price." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–3. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_224-2.

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Munro, J. E. C. "Price Revolution." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–5. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1973-1.

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Hopkins, Ed. "Price Dispersion." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–4. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1976-1.

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Galbraith, J. K. "Price Control." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–3. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1577-1.

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Galbraith, John Kenneth. "Price Control." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–3. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1577-2.

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Vaggi, G. "Natural Price." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–6. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1011-1.

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Vaggi, G. "Natural Price." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–6. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1011-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Net price"

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Mori, Hiroyuki, and Tadahiro Itagaki. "A Fuzzy Inference net approach to electricity price forecasting." In 2011 IEEE 54th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2011.6026334.

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Odonkor, Philip, and Kemper Lewis. "Adaptive Operation Decisions in Net Zero Building Clusters." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47290.

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In light of the growing strain on the energy grid and the increased awareness of the significant role buildings play within the energy ecosystem, the need for building operational strategies which minimize energy consumption has never been greater. One of the major hurdles impeding this realization primarily lies not in the lack of decision strategies, but in their inherent lack of adaptability. With most operational strategies partly dictated by a dynamic trio of social, economic and environmental factors which include occupant preference, energy price and weather conditions, it is important to realize and capitalize on this dynamism to open up new avenues for energy savings. This paper extends this idea by developing a dynamic optimization mechanism for Net-zero building clusters. A bi-level operation framework is presented to study the energy tradeoffs resulting from the adaptive measures adopted in response to hourly variations in energy price, energy consumption and indoor occupant comfort preferences. The experimental results verify the need for adaptive decision frameworks and demonstrate, through Pareto analysis, that the approach is capable of exploiting the energy saving opportunities made available through fluctuations in energy price and occupant comfort preferences.
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Flarend, Richard. "Solar Net Metering Increases Utility-Supplier Profit Margins." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59425.

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Net metering is an incentive that is essential to most solar photovoltaic systems. Recently the burden placed upon local utilities is an issue some regulators have been asked to address. This research uses actual 2013 and 2014 solar production data from nearly 200 sites, wholesale electricity day-ahead pricing data, and utility-wide demand data. This is all analyzed by the hour for two full years for a western Pennsylvania based utility and an eastern Pennsylvania based utility and their wholesale generators. Results show electricity is 15% more valuable when solar PV systems are generating power and feeding the grid during good weather conditions than at night or cloudy days when solar customers get energy back from the grid. Solar energy generation is highly predictable in the day-ahead market, and leads to suppression in market prices for electricity. Thus to reveal the true impact of this market suppression, an increased solar renewable portfolio standard (RPS) fraction of 0.2 to 10% was simulated. This caused a decrease in demand resulting in a corresponding reduction in the price of electricity yielding savings to the utility. The maximum rate of increase and decrease in the utility-wide load did not change significantly until the solar RPS exceeded 5%. Additionally, the demand for electricity was reduced during the highest load hours of the year that corresponded to the most expensive hours of the year. The minimum base-load of the year was decreased substantially for solar RPS of 5% or greater and the base load reaches zero for solar RPS over 10%. From the data of these two years, it is demonstrated that an increased use of solar energy would lead to savings that are larger than the loss in revenue due to having fewer traditional non-solar customers. Thus electricity suppliers and utilities stand to have both higher profits and higher profit margins when customers adopt net-metered solar energy compared to the non-adoption of solar energy.
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Card, R. W. "Economic Design of Hybrid Wet-Dry Cooling Systems." In ASME 2013 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2013-98111.

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A hybrid wet-dry cooling system can be designed for a large combined-cycle power plant. A well-designed hybrid cooling system will provide reasonable net generation year-round, while using substantially less water than a conventional wet cooling tower. The optimum design for the hybrid system depends upon climate at the site, the price of power, and the price of water. These factors vary on a seasonal basis. Two hypothetical power plants are modeled, using state-of-the-art steam turbines and hybrid cooling systems. The plants are designed for water-constrained sites incorporating typical weather data, power prices, and water prices. The principles for economic designs of hybrid cooling systems are demonstrated.
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Leischnig, Alexander, Björn Ivens, Sabrina Thornton, and Catherine Pardo. "PRICE ASSESSMENT IN BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS: AN ANALYSIS OF NET AND COMBINATORY EFFECTS OF RELATIONSHIP ATTRIBUTES." In Bridging Asia and the World: Global Platform for Interface between Marketing and Management. Global Alliance of Marketing & Management Associations, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15444/gmc2016.06.09.04.

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Sihombing, Dedek Sriulina, and Galumbang Hutagalung. "Debt Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Net Profit Margin and Return Effects on Stock Price Assets." In International Conference on Culture Heritage, Education, Sustainable Tourism, and Innovation Technologies. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010335605300535.

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Sopha, Bertha Maya, and Adhiguna Ramadhani Pamungkas. "High fuel price: Will Indonesian shift to public transportation?" In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD AUN/SEED-NET REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY ENGINEERING AND THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THERMOFLUIDS (RCEnE/THERMOFLUID 2015). Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4949288.

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Odonkor, Philip, Kemper Lewis, Jin Wen, and Teresa Wu. "Energy Optimization in Net-Zero Energy Building Clusters." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34970.

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Traditionally viewed as mere energy consumers, buildings have in recent years adapted, capitalizing on smart grid technologies and distributed energy resources to not only efficiently use energy, but to also output energy. This has led to the development of net-zero energy buildings, a concept which encapsulates the synergy of energy efficient buildings, smart grids, and renewable energy utilization to reach a balanced energy budget over an annual cycle. This work looks to further expand on this idea, moving beyond just individual buildings and considering net-zero at a community scale. We hypothesize that applying net-zero concepts to building communities, also known as building clusters, instead of individual buildings will result in cost effective building systems which in turn will be resilient to power disruption. To this end, this paper develops an intelligent energy optimization algorithm for demand side energy management, taking into account a multitude of factors affecting cost including comfort, energy price, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, energy storage, weather, and on-site renewable resources. A bi-level operation decision framework is presented to study the energy tradeoffs within the building cluster, with individual building energy optimization on one level and an overall net-zero energy optimization handled on the next level. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is capable of significantly shifting demand, and when viable, reducing the total energy demand within net-zero building clusters. Furthermore, the optimization framework is capable of deriving Pareto solutions for the cluster which provide valuable insight for determining suitable energy strategies.
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Kang, Namwoo, Alparslan Emrah Bayrak, and Panos Y. Papalambros. "A Real Options Approach to Hybrid Electric Vehicle Architecture Design for Flexibility." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60247.

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Manufacturers launch new product models at various time increments to meet changing market requirements over time. At each design period, product design and price may change. While price decisions can be made at product launching time, redesign decisions must be made in advance. Real options theory addresses such time gap decisions. This paper presents a real options approach with a binomial lattice model to determine optimal design and price decisions for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) that maximize expanded net present value of profit under gas price uncertainty over time. Results confirm that we can obtain changing vehicle attributes by changing gear ratios rather than the architectures themselves due to high cost of redesigning. A parametric study examines the impact of gas price volatility on option decisions and shows that larger volatility of gas price causes the change option to be selected more frequently.
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Zheng, Wei, Qianqian Chong, Xiyuan Li, and Hongfeng Ma. "Study on the net profit of Replacing Coal by Electricity based on the strategy of critical electricity price." In 2016 2nd International Conference on Economics, Management Engineering and Education Technology (ICEMEET 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemeet-16.2017.46.

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Reports on the topic "Net price"

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Konandreas, Panos. Trade Policy Responses to Food Price Volatility in Poor Net Food-Importing Countries. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ag_ip_20120613.

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Antwi, Yaa Akosa, Martin Gaynor, and William Vogt. A Bargain at Twice the Price? California Hospital Prices in the New Millennium. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15134.

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Espinasa, Ramón. Brand New Model, Same Old Price. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000233.

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Mutreja, Piyusha, B. Ravikumar, Raymond Riezman, and Michael J. Sposi. Price Equalization Does Not Imply Free Trade. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2012.010.

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Griliches, Zvi, and Iain Cockburn. Generics and New Goods in Pharmaceutical Price Indexes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4272.

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Rincón-Torres, Andrey Duván, Kimberly Rojas-Silva, and Juan Manuel Julio-Román. The Interdependence of FX and Treasury Bonds Markets: The Case of Colombia. Banco de la República, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1171.

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We study the interdependence of FX and Treasury Bonds (TES) markets in Colombia. To do this, we estimate a heteroskedasticity identified VAR model on the returns of the COP/USD exchange rate (TRM) and bond prices, as well as event-analysis models for return volatilities, number of quotes, quote volume, and bid/ask spreads. The data under analysis consists of 5-minute intraday bid/ask US dollar prices and bond quotes, for an assortment of bond species. For these species we also have the number of bid/ask quotes as well as their volume. We found, also, that the exchange rate conveys information to the TES market, but the opposite does not completely hold: A one percent COP depreciation leads to a persistent reduction of TES prices between 0.05% and 0.22%. However, a 1% TES price increase has a very small effect and not entirely significant on the exchange rate, i.e. a COP appreciation between 0.001% and 0.009%. Furthermore, TRM return volatility increases do not affect bond return volatility but its liquidity, i.e. the bid/ask quote number and volume. These results are coherent with the fact that the FX market more efficiently reflects the effect of shocks than the TES market, which may be due to its low liquidity and concentration on a specific habitat. These results have implications for the design of financial stability policies as well as for private portfolio design, rebalancing and hedging.
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Head, Allen, Lucy Qian Liu, Guido Menzio, and Randall Wright. Sticky Prices: A New Monetarist Approach. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17520.

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Valdés, Alberto, and William Foster. The New SSM: A Price Floor Mechanism for Developing Countries. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ag_ip_20050430.

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Mareo, Robert. The Price of Housing in New York City, 1830-1860. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/h0063.

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Schmidt, Emily, Paul A. Dorosh, and Rachel Gilbert. Rice price shocks and household welfare in Papua New Guinea. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134023.

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