Relevant bibliographies by topics / Netherlands – Foreign economic relations – Europe

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Netherlands – Foreign economic relations – Europe'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Netherlands – Foreign economic relations – Europe"

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van der Putten, Frans-Paul. "Small Powers and Imperialism The Netherlands in China, 1886–1905." Itinerario 20, no. 1 (1996): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300021562.

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Ever since its publication in 1966, Tussen Neutraliteit en Imperialisme (‘Between Neutrality and Imperialism’) has been the standard work on Dutch policy towards China between 1863 and 1901. In this study the author, F. van Dongen, stresses the adherence to neutrality towards the strong European neighbour states as the fundamental guideline for Dutch foreign policy, not only within Europe but also in the Far East. This policy stemmed from the fact that the European balance-of-power system had been extended to China in the late nineteenth century, through the participation of most European stat
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Nosov, M. G. "Europe and the End of Shogunate: Japan «Opening»." Sovremennaâ Evropa, no. 4 (125) (December 15, 2024): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0201708324040156.

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“Bakumatsu” is the period from 1853 to 1868, which can be translated as “The End of the Bakufu” or “The End of the Tokugawa Shogunate”. Japan, under pressure from the United States and European countries, was forced to open the country for trade and contacts, well realising that it could not resist foreigners due to its technological and military inferiority. The “opening” of the country took place under the confusion of the authorities and with the resistance of not only a large part of the authorities, but also the people, who readily rallied under easy understandable slogan of “honor empero
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Šmigelskytė-Stukienė, Ramunė. "Politinės ir geopolitinės Augustino Midletono refleksijos (1790–1792)." XVIII amžiaus studijos T. 6: Personalijos. Idėjos. Refleksijos, T. 6 (January 2, 2020): 269–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/23516968-006013.

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POLITICAL AND GEOPOLITICAL REFLECTIONS BY AUGUSTYN MIDDLETON (1790–1792) The article presents personality and activities of Augustyn Middleton, nobleman from Kaunas powiat, with the main focus on assessing this person in the light of political events in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the geopolitical situation. At the centre of this research is the period from the reinstatement of the diplomatic mission of the Commonwealth in The Hague on 14 April 1790 to the end of activities of the Four-Year Sejm. The article reveals that Augustyn Middleton, assigned by Stanislaw August to the diplom
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Bandžović, Safet. "Djelovanje ruskih diplomata na Balkanu (1774-1875)." Historijski pogledi 8, no. 13 (2025): 38–71. https://doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2025.8.13.38.

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Diplomacy is an important component of power, a deliberate and skillful activity, a means for implementing foreign policy to enable states to achieve their goals. This particularly applies to the wide range of specific activities of Russia and its diplomatic-consular missions in the Balkans during the „long nineteenth century.“ The emergence of state officials who primarily represented Russia's economic interests abroad is linked to the reformist endeavors of Tsar Peter I. Russia pursued an active foreign policy, which manifested in various directions, including entry into foreign markets. A v
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Vuković, Ivan. "Development of European Union and joining perspective of Croatia." Tourism and hospitality management 13, no. 2 (2007): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.13.2.7.

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In this paper we researched European Union starting with the Agreement from Maastrich from year 1992, even though the European Union has a long traditional history and its origin is founded on regulations of economical integrations in Europe beginning from the 1950’s through the Roman treaty from year 1957 and the forming of the European Union Committee in year 1965. Further we follow her expansion and introduction of the European economic and monetary policy, to last, the joining perspective of Croatia. According to the Agreement from Maastrich, European Union lies on three posts: 1) Legal-po
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Tunik, Maria. "SPECIFICS OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE NETHERLANDS AND CHINA." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS, no. 1 (February 28, 2025): 78–87. https://doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran120257887.

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The author analyzes the current trends in bilateral economic relations between the Netherlands and China in the context of the volume and structure of trade in goods and services over the past five years and flows of foreign direct investment. The author examines the peculiarities of the Netherlands’ strategic policy course and key disagreements with China, including the issues of protecting the country’s economic interests. The author touches upon the topical issues of critical goods and dual-use technologies, as well as the growing presence of Chinese enterprises in the Dutch market. The aut
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Rosenthal, Glenda G. "Review: Europe: Foreign Economic Relations of the European Community." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 47, no. 1 (1992): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070209204700113.

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Khoroshilov, Evgeny. "Vector of Canada's foreign economic relations." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 8 (2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760032207-4.

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The article examines trends in Canada's foreign economic activity in 1990–2022. The author analyzes changes in the structure of Canadian foreign trade and direct investment flows, as well dynamics of Canada's relations with its main partner countries. It is concluded that during this period, the importance of economic ties with the Netherlands, Mexico, Australia, South Korea, India and, in particular, with China has increased for Canada, while the role of Great Britain, Japan, Germany and France has decreased. It is emphasized that the United States retains its dominant posit
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Makarov, A. I., E. A. Rubinchik, and M. A. Kladkin. "Trade and economic relations between Russia and the Netherlands: formation and development." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 4 (December 26, 2020): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2020-4-5-22.

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Successful development of mutual trade and economic ties between Russia and the Netherlands has been lasting for centuries. In ancient times, when both states were actively developing, vessels loaded with various goods were already cruising between their shores; while national leaders were building bilateral trade policy. The development of cooperation reached its peak during the time of Peter the Great, when the Russian Empire carried out industrialization by entering into a full-scale international industrial cooperation with its historical partner. Participation of the Russian state in the
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Dauderstädt, Michael. "Options in foreign economic relations for Central and Eastern Europe." Intereconomics 29, no. 1 (1994): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02929807.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Netherlands – Foreign economic relations – Europe"

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Tian, Han Bo. "The conflict between bilateralism and multilateralism in complicated EU-China relations." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555573.

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Di, Mauro Francesca A. "Essays on foreign direct investment and economic integration: a gravity approach." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211356.

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Al-Imam, Jamal D. "U.S. Foreign Policy and the Soviet Gas Pipeline to Western Europe." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc663015/.

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This paper surveys U.S. foreign policy in the late 1970s and early 1980s as the American administration reacted to the Soviet Union's interventions in Afghanistan and Poland and to its planned gas pipeline to Western Europe. Chapter I outlines the origins of the pipeline project; Chapters II and III describe U.S. foreign policy toward the Soviets during the Carter and Reagan administrations. Chapter IV focuses on the economic sanctions imposed against the Soviet Union by the United States and their failure to block or delay the pipeline, and Chapter V stresses the inability of economic sanctio
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Rasmussen, Ashley Marie. "In or Out: Interpretation of European Union Membership Criteria and its Effect on the EU Accession Process for Candidate and Potential Member States of Southeastern Europe." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/127.

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Since 1973, the European Union has been expanding its borders from its six founding members - West Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Belgium, to include all of Western Europe and parts of Scandinavia by 1995. However, with the fall of the Soviet Union in 1990, the EU made a difficult but beneficial choice of paving the road for the Eastern and Central European (ECE) to become EU members. However, there was a need for the EU to determine the goals and guidelines that would format the transition of these former communist states into productive members of the EU. This paper
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Wang, Jia. "Research on EU regional policy : its selective mechanisms, effects and role for EU integration, with reflections on its possible meaning for China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555597.

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Tong, Wei. "Poland's influence in the European Union, a perspective of the Eastern partnership." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555598.

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Horovitz, Dan D. "Regulation of competition under the rules of the free trade area agreements concluded by the European Economic Community." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213301.

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Trejbal, Václav. "Vztahy Ruska se zeměmi V4: Komparativní studie." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264274.

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The aim of the dissertation thesis is to compare the political relations of the Russian Federation and four Visegrad countries and to identify various aspects which contribute most to the differences in the form, content and closeness of the relations. The core of the thesis is a comparative case study focused on the comparison of context of individual bilateral relations. These will be viewed as a clash of two foreign policies. Neoclassical realism will serve as the theoretical background for the analysis of Russian and Visegrad countries´ foreign policies. The methodological apparatus of int
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Tan, Bo. "Impact of EU enlargement on EU-China trade." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2554733.

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de, Somer Gregory John Humanities &amp Social Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "The Redefinition of Asia : Australian Foreign Policy and Contemporary Asian Regionalism." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38666.

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This thesis set out to ascertain the position of recent Australian Governments on the latest instalments of Asian regionalism in the context of an assessment of whether there has been a redefinition of Asia and thus a redefinition of Australia???s engagement with Asia. It will concentrate on the broad themes of politico-strategic and economic engagement. Whilst there has been extensive research and documentation on the Asian economic crisis there has been less work on the issue of a new Asian regionalism and the implications for Australia???s complex and variable engagement with the region. Th
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Books on the topic "Netherlands – Foreign economic relations – Europe"

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(Netherlands), Adviesraad Internationale Vraagstukken. The Netherlands in a changing EU, NATO and UN. Advisory Council on International Affairs, 2005.

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J, Labohm Hans H., ed. De waterdragers van het Nederlandse Europabeleid: Terugblik op 40 jaar DGES. Sdu, 1997.

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Henryk, Kierzkowski, and Graduate Institute of International Studies (Geneva, Switzerland), eds. Europe and globalization. Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.

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Lambsdorff, Otto. Russiaʹs economic role in Europe. Izdatelʹskai͡a︡ kont͡s︡ept͡s︡ii͡a︡ zhurnala Fonda "Diskussionnoe prostranstvo", 1995.

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Canan, Balkır, and Williams Allan M, eds. Turkey and Europe. Pinter Publishers, 1993.

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Williamson, John. The economic opening of Eastern Europe. Institute for International Economics, 1991.

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Crane, Keith. Soviet economic policy towards eastern Europe. Rand, 1988.

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Loukas, Tsoukalis, and Collège d'Europe (Bruges Belgium), eds. Europe, America, and the world economy. B. Blackwell for the College of Europe, 1986.

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(Project), EU-Asia Dialogue. The future of Asia-Europe cooperation. Konrad-Adenauer Stiftung, 2015.

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1956-, Biskup Michael D., ed. Europe. Greenhaven Press, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Netherlands – Foreign economic relations – Europe"

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Plowiec, Urszula. "U.S. Foreign Economic Policy Towards Eastern Europe." In The Impact of Governments on East-West Economic Relations. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12419-0_7.

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Marer, Paul. "Foreign Trade Strategies in Eastern Europe: Determinants, Outcomes, Prospects." In The Impact of Governments on East-West Economic Relations. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12419-0_9.

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Udovič, Boštjan. "“Going International”: the (Non-)Importance of Non-Aligned Countries’ Markets in the Foreign Economic Relations of Yugoslavia." In Diplomacy in Southeastern Europe. V&R unipress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/9783737014106.11.

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Pinna, Cristina. "Member States’ Influence in Shaping the EU as a Global Actor: Hungary, Italy, and the Netherlands in China’s Belt and Road Engagement." In Global Europe: Legal and Policy Issues of the EU’s External Action. T.M.C. Asser Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-666-6_3.

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Abstract In an era defined by escalating global challenges and increasing geopolitical tensions, the imperative for international cooperation has become more complex, particularly in the context of the EU’s interactions with China. This analysis delves into the dynamics of developing a unified EU foreign policy towards China, focusing on the engagement of Hungary, Italy, and the Netherlands with the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). These countries exemplify the diverse responses within the EU to China’s expansive strategy, reflecting the broader EU struggle to balance economic interests with va
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Malakhova, Tatiana S., Diana M. Madiyarova, Lubomír Civín, and Dinara S. Kadyrbekova. "Assessing the Economic Positions of the European Union Countries in the Context of Transforming Foreign Economic Relations and Implementing a New Industrial Strategy for Europe." In Sustainable Development Risks and Risk Management. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34256-1_48.

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Lazarieva, Olena. "PECULIARITIES OF CONDUCTING AGRIBUSINESS OF LAND IN TODAY’S CONDITIONS." In Transformational economy: theoretical and practical aspects. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2024. https://doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-494-8-22.

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The purpose of the study is to study the guidelines of land business in the EU and substantiate its prospects for Ukrainian realities. The article examines the experience of land business in the European Union such as Switzerland, Sweden, Hungary, Belgium, Austria, Denmark, Estonia, Spain, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Poland, Cyprus, Romania, Slovenia and France. Prospects for its conduct in Ukraine are highlighted. It is established that the advantages of conducting land business in the European Union are characterized by ensuring the right to free movement of capital and conducting p
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Gabrisch, Hubert. "Finnish-Soviet Economic Relations." In Foreign Trade in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429044489-10.

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Taylor, Robert. "China’s foreign trade strategy: targeting the European Union." In The Economic Relations Between Asia and Europe. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-84334-311-0.50002-8.

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Rácz, Margit, and Sándor Richter. "The Mechanism of Hungarian-Soviet Economic Relations." In Foreign Trade in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429044489-8.

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Baudet, Isabelle, Jean-Yves Duick, Jacques Jaussaud, and Xueming Liu. "The supplier–distributor relationship in China: is foreign leadership shaping negotiation practices?" In The Economic Relations Between Asia and Europe. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-84334-311-0.50008-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Netherlands – Foreign economic relations – Europe"

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Matysová, Kamila. "Cultural Adaptability of Students at the Faculty of International Relations of the Prague University of Economics and Business." In 25th International Joint Conference Central and Eastern Europe in the Changing Business Environment. Vydavateľstvo EKONÓM, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53465/ceecbe.2025.9788022552257.214-223.

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One of the goals of preparing university students at the Faculty of International Relations of the Prague University of Economics is to develop intercultural communication competencies and the ability to adapt to dynamically changing economic and political environments, with a special focus on cultural adaptation. To achieve these goals, elements of intercultural training are incorporated into the compulsory and elective courses, and students also have the opportunity to develop these competencies during their foreign mobilities, international internships, or field internships. This paper disc
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Luptáková, Anabela, and Elena Kašťáková. "The Position of the Eurasian Economic Union in the EU’s Foreign Trade Relations." In The 20th International Joint Conference: Central and Eastern Europe in the Changing Business Environment. Prague University of Economics and Business, Oeconomica Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/pr.2020.cer.2395.13.

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Nagy, Péter Artúr. "Effects of the Global Financial Crisis on the V4." In The European Union’s Contention in the Reshaping Global Economy. Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/eucrge.2020.proc.7.

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The aim of the research is to explore the development of trade relations between the Visegrád countries and their major Western European partners since accession to the European Union. The topic is currently an important one, as the Visegrád region is highly dependent on Western European countries, especially in the area of foreign trade. The research analyzed how the 2008-2009 global economic crisis and the subsequent sovereign debt crisis in Europe affected these trade relationships, i.e. did it cause significant changes in levels of relationship and/or trends. To answer this question, this
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Сергеев, Е. Ю. "War Scare in Soviet-British Relations of 1923." In Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/semconf.2023.3.3.026.

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Феномен так называемых «военных тревог» в отношениях между Россией (СССР) и Великобританией исследован недостаточно. Между тем периоды обострения напряженности и шаги, которые предпринимали обе державы для ее смягчения с целью избежать прямого вооруженного противостояния, оказывали заметное влияние на характер и динамику развития двусторонних контактов в политической, экономической и социокультурной сферах последней трети XIX – первой четверти ХХ в. Статья раскрывает важнейшие особенности «военной тревоги» мая 1923 г., которая была вызвана жесткой дипломатической нотой министра иностранных дел
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Burea, Svetlana, Nicoleta Melnic, and Corina Ajder. "Inclusive strategy for writing english in international treaty declaration." In Conferința științifică națională cu participare internațională "Integrare prin cercetare și inovare", dedicată Zilei Internaționale a Științei pentru Pace și Dezvoltare. Moldova State University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.59295/spd2024s.70.

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Inclusive Strategy for Writing English in International Treaty, Declarations was priority of official, working language in Internationalization and Globalization English in Convention, Agreement, Declarations, Treaty, and its implementation. Writing opening addresses, statements of Heads of Delegations, Statement of Declaration, Conclusion of Conference, of Meeting, Joint Committee, Declaration, Agreement, Treaty, Amendments, Revising, Conditions and Transitional Reserves, Friendly settlement, Unilateral Declaration sigh and ratify, enter in force and implementation. In Council of Europe was o
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Cieślik, Ewa. "THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN ECONOMIES IN THE ERA OF INDUSTRY 4.0 AND CHINESE DIGITAL SILK ROAD." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2022.0018.

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Over the recent decades, the changes in the paradigm of international trade have been observed. As the result of decreasing of trade barriers as well as the reduction in trade costs allowed companies to divide their production into stages and to locate it in different countries according to their competitive advantage. Eventually, the production process has become more fragmented, both geographically and vertically. It means that intermediate products are shipped across boarders many times and every exporting economy provides some value added according to its competitive advantage. As a result
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Akbulut, Gizem. "The Role of Extensive and Intensive Margins in Export Growth of Turkey to Central and Eastern European Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01643.

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In the recent years, Central and Eastern Europe Countries-10 (CEEC-10) countries are implementing policies for developing in international trade relations and these countries are relatively small and open economies. On the other hand, they increase both provide a dynamic increase in exports and export market share, to facilitate the European Union (EU) and their activities to integrate into world trade.
 The purpose of this study, with CEEC-10 of Turkey’s sectoral export growth rates decomposes into extensive and intensive margins. Also intensive margin decomposes into price and quantity
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Mustetsa, Iryna, and Svitlana Luchyk. "Ways to improve the management of enterprises in the tourism industry of Ukraine in martial law." In Conferinta stiintifica internationala "Strategii si politici de management in economia contemporana", editia VII. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/icspm2022.20.

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The article considers the problems of development and management of tourism enterprises during the martial law in Ukraine. It is established that the aggression of the Russian Federation and the beginning of the war with Ukraine affected all key aspects of the life of the Ukrainian people and shook the entire civilized world. Numerous bombings of the Black Sea coast, which houses the largest number of Ukrainian tourism facilities, have preserved the work of hospitality enterprises and forced management to make decisions not to open the tourist season in many areas, and catastrophic business lo
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Шмелев, Д. В. "The Imperial Idea of Napoleon Bonaparte: Its Characteristics and Implementation." In Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/semconf.2023.3.3.015.

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В статье анализируется имперская идея Наполеона Бонапарта, ее основные контуры и осуществление. В центре внимания автора находятся такие аспекты, как соотношение имперской идеи и возможностей ее претворения во внутренней и внешней политике Франции в начале XIX века, проблемы трактовки «естественных границ» и выхода за их пределы, функционирования «сестринских республик» и их эволюции к «братским» монархиям, формирования новой политической элиты, общеевропейской экономической политики (в том числе в рамках континентальной блокады), культурного империализма и новой имперской символики, структуры
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Reports on the topic "Netherlands – Foreign economic relations – Europe"

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Romero, Antonio. The Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement and relations between European Union and Cuba. Fundación Carolina, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtff01en.

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This document makes an assessment of the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement (PDCA) between Cuba and the European Union (EU) in its four years of validity, and of the evolution of political and economic relations between both parties. The analysis is structured in five headings that address the background, determinants and significance of the PDCA between Cuba and the EU; the main elements discussed in the political dialogue —and in thematic dialogue— between the two parties since 2018, and the central aspects of trade, investment and cooperation relations between Cuba and the EU. The
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Detges, Adrien, and Adrian Foong. Foreign Policy Implications of Climate Change in Focus Regions of European External Action. Adelphi research gemeinnützige GmbH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc020.

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In a globalised world, the effects of climate change are likely to cascade across borders. Climate impacts in one location may have far reaching consequences in other places by affecting trade, migration, investments, and foreign policy objectives. Whether such cascading effects are likely to materialise depends in turn on a number of social, economic, and political factors that reinforce or attenuate the effects of climate change on economic development, migration, political stability, etc. These moderating conditions are crucial when considering possible challenges in connection with climate
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Hompot, Sebestyen. Keeping Moscow Onside – Beijing’s Main Priority in Ukraine. EuroHub4Sino, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31175/eh4s.167a.

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Key Takeaways • Beijing sees Moscow as its long-term strategic partner to reshape the international order, therefore has no serious intention to contradict Moscow’s interests in Ukraine. In spite of the contradictions with Beijing’s insistence on territorial sovereignty as a key principle of the international order, Beijing has provided vital economic and diplomatic support to Moscow to wage its war against Ukraine. • Ending the war in Ukraine is not a priority for Beijing and will not act against Moscow’s interests to achieve this. • The Ukraine war is mainly utilized by Beijing in multilater
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Allan, Duncan, and Ian Bond. A new Russia policy for post-Brexit Britain. Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784132842.

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The UK’s 2021 Integrated Review of security, defence, development and foreign policy describes Russia as ‘the most acute direct threat to [the UK’s] security’ in the 2020s. Relations did not get this bad overnight: the trend has been negative for nearly two decades. The bilateral political relationship is now broken. Russian policymakers regard the UK as hostile, but also as weaker than Russia: a junior partner of the US and less important than Germany within Europe. The consensus among Russian observers is that Brexit has reduced the UK’s international influence, to Russia’s benefit. The hist
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Rodríguez, Ennio, and Anneke Jessen. The Caribbean Community: Facing the Challenges of Regional and Global Integration. Inter-American Development Bank, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008676.

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On 4 July 1998, the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary. CARICOM is one of the oldest integration schemes in the Western Hemisphere, the largest in terms of membership, yet by far the smallest in economic and geographic terms. In the wake of its historic anniversary, many have reflected on the Community's past achievements and future prospects. Has CARICOM served the development goals of its member states? Will it assist them in pursuing those goals into the next century? How can regional integration facilitate CARICOM's successful insertion into the global ec
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