Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Netherlands – Foreign economic relations – Europe / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Netherlands – Foreign economic relations – Europe.

Journal articles on the topic 'Netherlands – Foreign economic relations – Europe'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Netherlands – Foreign economic relations – Europe.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

van der Putten, Frans-Paul. "Small Powers and Imperialism The Netherlands in China, 1886–1905." Itinerario 20, no. 1 (1996): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300021562.

Full text

Abstract:

Ever since its publication in 1966, Tussen Neutraliteit en Imperialisme (‘Between Neutrality and Imperialism’) has been the standard work on Dutch policy towards China between 1863 and 1901. In this study the author, F. van Dongen, stresses the adherence to neutrality towards the strong European neighbour states as the fundamental guideline for Dutch foreign policy, not only within Europe but also in the Far East. This policy stemmed from the fact that the European balance-of-power system had been extended to China in the late nineteenth century, through the participation of most European stat

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Nosov, M. G. "Europe and the End of Shogunate: Japan «Opening»." Sovremennaâ Evropa, no. 4 (125) (December 15, 2024): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0201708324040156.

Full text

Abstract:

“Bakumatsu” is the period from 1853 to 1868, which can be translated as “The End of the Bakufu” or “The End of the Tokugawa Shogunate”. Japan, under pressure from the United States and European countries, was forced to open the country for trade and contacts, well realising that it could not resist foreigners due to its technological and military inferiority. The “opening” of the country took place under the confusion of the authorities and with the resistance of not only a large part of the authorities, but also the people, who readily rallied under easy understandable slogan of “honor empero

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Šmigelskytė-Stukienė, Ramunė. "Politinės ir geopolitinės Augustino Midletono refleksijos (1790–1792)." XVIII amžiaus studijos T. 6: Personalijos. Idėjos. Refleksijos, T. 6 (January 2, 2020): 269–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/23516968-006013.

Full text

Abstract:

POLITICAL AND GEOPOLITICAL REFLECTIONS BY AUGUSTYN MIDDLETON (1790–1792) The article presents personality and activities of Augustyn Middleton, nobleman from Kaunas powiat, with the main focus on assessing this person in the light of political events in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the geopolitical situation. At the centre of this research is the period from the reinstatement of the diplomatic mission of the Commonwealth in The Hague on 14 April 1790 to the end of activities of the Four-Year Sejm. The article reveals that Augustyn Middleton, assigned by Stanislaw August to the diplom

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Bandžović, Safet. "Djelovanje ruskih diplomata na Balkanu (1774-1875)." Historijski pogledi 8, no. 13 (2025): 38–71. https://doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2025.8.13.38.

Full text

Abstract:

Diplomacy is an important component of power, a deliberate and skillful activity, a means for implementing foreign policy to enable states to achieve their goals. This particularly applies to the wide range of specific activities of Russia and its diplomatic-consular missions in the Balkans during the „long nineteenth century.“ The emergence of state officials who primarily represented Russia's economic interests abroad is linked to the reformist endeavors of Tsar Peter I. Russia pursued an active foreign policy, which manifested in various directions, including entry into foreign markets. A v

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Vuković, Ivan. "Development of European Union and joining perspective of Croatia." Tourism and hospitality management 13, no. 2 (2007): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.13.2.7.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper we researched European Union starting with the Agreement from Maastrich from year 1992, even though the European Union has a long traditional history and its origin is founded on regulations of economical integrations in Europe beginning from the 1950’s through the Roman treaty from year 1957 and the forming of the European Union Committee in year 1965. Further we follow her expansion and introduction of the European economic and monetary policy, to last, the joining perspective of Croatia. According to the Agreement from Maastrich, European Union lies on three posts: 1) Legal-po

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Tunik, Maria. "SPECIFICS OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE NETHERLANDS AND CHINA." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS, no. 1 (February 28, 2025): 78–87. https://doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran120257887.

Full text

Abstract:

The author analyzes the current trends in bilateral economic relations between the Netherlands and China in the context of the volume and structure of trade in goods and services over the past five years and flows of foreign direct investment. The author examines the peculiarities of the Netherlands’ strategic policy course and key disagreements with China, including the issues of protecting the country’s economic interests. The author touches upon the topical issues of critical goods and dual-use technologies, as well as the growing presence of Chinese enterprises in the Dutch market. The aut

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Rosenthal, Glenda G. "Review: Europe: Foreign Economic Relations of the European Community." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 47, no. 1 (1992): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070209204700113.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Khoroshilov, Evgeny. "Vector of Canada's foreign economic relations." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 8 (2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760032207-4.

Full text

Abstract:

The article examines trends in Canada&apos;s foreign economic activity in 1990–2022. The author analyzes changes in the structure of Canadian foreign trade and direct investment flows, as well dynamics of Canada&apos;s relations with its main partner countries. It is concluded that during this period, the importance of economic ties with the Netherlands, Mexico, Australia, South Korea, India and, in particular, with China has increased for Canada, while the role of Great Britain, Japan, Germany and France has decreased. It is emphasized that the United States retains its dominant posit

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Makarov, A. I., E. A. Rubinchik, and M. A. Kladkin. "Trade and economic relations between Russia and the Netherlands: formation and development." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 4 (December 26, 2020): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2020-4-5-22.

Full text

Abstract:

Successful development of mutual trade and economic ties between Russia and the Netherlands has been lasting for centuries. In ancient times, when both states were actively developing, vessels loaded with various goods were already cruising between their shores; while national leaders were building bilateral trade policy. The development of cooperation reached its peak during the time of Peter the Great, when the Russian Empire carried out industrialization by entering into a full-scale international industrial cooperation with its historical partner. Participation of the Russian state in the

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Dauderstädt, Michael. "Options in foreign economic relations for Central and Eastern Europe." Intereconomics 29, no. 1 (1994): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02929807.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Volkov, A. M. "Contemporary Foreign Economic Relations of Russia with the Countries of Northern Europe." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 14, no. 3 (2021): 176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-3-10.

Full text

Abstract:

Recently new problems have arisen that have complicated Russia’s foreign economic relations with foreign countries. The countries of Northern Europe were no exception. The economic situation in many countries was far from optimal. Problems with economy took place in the euro area. A significant drop in oil prices led to a slowdown in economic growth in the Russian Federation and a sharp decline of ruble exchange rate. Since 2014, various Western sanctions have emerged, followed by retaliatory sanctions from Russia. Against this background, the analysis of the dynamics of Russian economic relat

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Hossain, Mohammad Belayet, Asmah Laili Bt Yeon, and Ahmad Shamsul Bin Abd Aziz. "Sovereignty, National Interest & Security and the Bilateral Investment Treaties of Bangladesh and the Netherlands: a Comparison." African Journal of Legal Studies 12, no. 2 (2019): 183–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340049.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In absence of any global treaty, the bilateral investment treaties are playing the important role of regulating foreign investments in the host countries. The primary purpose of economic globalization is the economic development of the developing and least-developed countries as well as to facilitate benefits of the home states. Bangladesh and the Netherlands also signed bilateral investment treaties to facilitate trade. Bangladesh foreign investment laws and bilateral investment treaties mainly protect foreign investors; however, neither include any specific provisions of protecting

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Lachmann, Richard. "Elite Self-Interest and Economic Decline in Early Modern Europe." American Sociological Review 68, no. 3 (2003): 346–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000312240306800303.

Full text

Abstract:

Why does the leading economic power of its time lose its dominance? Competing theories are tested through a comparison of four historical cases—the Florentine city-state, the Spanish empire, and the Dutch and British nation-states. Institutional context determined social actors’ capacities to apply their polities’ human and material resources to foreign economic competition. Specifically, the dominant elites in each polity established the social relations and institutions that protected them from domestic challenges from rival elites and classes. But these relations and institutions had the ef

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Biffl, Gudrun. "The Role of Migration in Economic Relations between Europe and Turkey." European Review 21, no. 3 (2013): 372–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798713000331.

Full text

Abstract:

Turkey and Europe are closely interlinked through migration, trade and investment flows. In the year 2000, the interrelationships entered a new phase. Return migration of Turkish migrants to Turkey set in, of often well-educated second-generation migrants, triggered by the fast economic growth and shortages of skilled labour in Turkey. At the same time continued family migration to Europe and Turkish business start-ups in Europe promote trade between Turkey and Europe due to preference and network channels. While economic growth in Turkey is dynamic, it is also volatile, depending on foreign c

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Sobko, Jelena. "Russian-Dutch relations during the Great Embassy and during the first stage of the Northern War (1697–1709)." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 3(67) (May 5, 2025): 182–93. https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2024-67-3-182-193.

Full text

Abstract:

The article examines Russian-Dutch relations during the period of the Great Embassy and in the first phase of the Northern War. The Great Embassy, having played an important role in terms of developing trade relations with the Netherlands, establishing personal contacts etc., has not achieved great success in the diplomatic sphere in Holland. In the early years of the Northern War, the difference in the positions towards Russia of the official government in The Hague and the city of Amsterdam led to the fact that Russian foreign policy was focused on the city of Amsterdam namely on its leaders

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Druláková, Radka. "The Slovene Road into Europe." Czech Journal of International Relations 35, no. 4 (2000): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32422/cjir.1098.

Full text

Abstract:

Slovenia was established in 1991 by its secession from the Yugoslav Federation. This was preceded by various events which we can classify as economic, social, politico-economic and international policy causes. They determined the modus operandi of the new state in international policy and alongside traditions dating back to the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, the first and second Yugoslavia, they were the starting point of its foreign policy. The first foreign policy representation decided that a small state such as Slovenia needed to be anchored in international structures, above all, by its membe

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Seyidova, Sevinj. "From the history of the formation of trade and economic relations between Azerbaijan and foreign countries in the 1920s – 1930s." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, no. 1-2 (2023): 160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202301statyi50.

Full text

Abstract:

The article is devoted to the history of the formation of trade and economic relations between Azerbaijan and foreign countries in the 20-30s of the 20th century. In the 1920s the Republic of Azerbaijan invited specialists from foreign countries to restore various sectors of the economy. With the strengthening of trade and economic relations between the USSR, the USA and Western Europe, interest in Azerbaijan increased on the part of representatives of firms and business circles from various countries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Savina, Zoya. "The Trends in German Foreign Policy in African Countries." Asia and Africa Today, no. 6 (2023): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750023527-1.

Full text

Abstract:

Today, Europe pays close attention to its relations with African countries. Germany is the locomotive of the EU and is also building its own policy towards African countries. During the chancellorship of Angela Merkel, several initiatives were proposed aimed at the development of economic relations with Africa. In 2021, Olaf Scholz became the chancellor of Germany. The article examines Germany’s policy towards African countries both before and during the chancellorship of Olaf Scholz. Africa is the key to Europe’s economic sustainability, especially as Europe has continued to separate from Rus

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Nötel, Rudolf. "Reforms in foreign economic relations of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union." International Affairs 67, no. 4 (1991): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2622519.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Ehizuelen, Michael Mitchell Omoruyi, and Hodan Osman Abdi. "Sustaining China-Africa relations." Asian Journal of Comparative Politics 3, no. 4 (2017): 285–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057891117727901.

Full text

Abstract:

China’s “One Belt One Road” (OBOR) Initiative forms the centerpiece of China’s leadership’s new foreign policy. The initiative aspires to put the nations of Asia, Oceania, Europe, and Africa on a new trajectory of higher growth and human development through infrastructural connectivity, augmented trade, and investment. The initiative offers tremendous opportunities for international economic cooperation, especially for African nations. This article examines China-Africa relations, centering on the possibility of expanding the OBOR initiative to cover more African nations. Africa has been the f

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Dangerfield, M. V. "The economic opening of central and Eastern Europe: Continuity and change in foreign economic relations." Journal of European Integration 19, no. 1 (1995): 5–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07036339508429027.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Terry, Sarah Meiklejohn. "Poland's foreign policy since 1989: the challenges of independence." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 33, no. 1 (2000): 7–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-067x(99)00024-0.

Full text

Abstract:

In its first decade of post-communist independence, Poland achieved far more than most dared believe in 1989. Despite domestic political and economic turmoil, it has joined Europe as a new member of NATO and a prospective member of the EU. This article traces the evolution of Polish foreign policy since 1989 over four time periods: First, the early uncertainties from 1989 to 1992 when Warsaw — caught between a reunifying Germany and a collapsing USSR — was intent on solidifying its relations with Central European neighbors. Second, the watershed year of 1993, which witnessed changes in every a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Stanciu, Cezar. "Scandinavian Perspectives. Overcoming the Cold War Pressures in Romania’s Policy towards Northern Europe." Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies 1, no. 1 (2009): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.53604/rjbns.v1i1_4.

Full text

Abstract:

During the first years of the Cold War, Romania was isolated in terms of foreign policy, and forced to develop relations mainly with the USSR and other socialist states. During the de-Stalinization period, the East-West relations improved and Romania started to rebuilt its relations with the West, especially economic relations. This article briefly presents the re-establishment of Romania's relations with the Scandinavian states, in the context of the improved Romanian-West relations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Atamanchuk, Zorina, and Antonina Prosianiuk. "Foreign trade relations of Ukraine AND China: current state and development prospects." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 85, no. 6 (2023): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2023.06.183.

Full text

Abstract:

The war unleashed by Russia against Ukraine changed the world, caused many risks and threats, caused turbulent processes in the political, economic and security sectors, and the consequences of this war are now difficult to predict. Russian aggression has intensified conflicts in the modern world, worsening socio-economic conditions in the regions and around the world. In particular, the crisis in the food market, which led to an increase in the cost of energy resources, caused an increase in the price of consumer goods and, as a result, a significant impact on the level of well-being of the p

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Zhang, Yu. "Analysis of Foreign Trade Policy in Abenomics." Communications in Humanities Research 15, no. 1 (2023): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/15/20230741.

Full text

Abstract:

The outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008 dealt a severe blow to Japans foreign trade environment. Under the severe form of Japans foreign trade, Shinzo Abe came to power and put forward Abenomics to provide strong policy support for Japans foreign economic development. This paper collects and arranges the foreign trade policy data of the Abe government during its two terms of office and analyses the impact of Abenomics on the Japanese economy. The study finds that, firstly, the Abe government focuses on the construction of an all-round regional economic partnership. During it

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Pape, Ulla, Rafael Chaves-Ávila, Joachim Benedikt Pahl, Francesca Petrella, Bartosz Pieliński, and Teresa Savall-Morera. "Working under pressure: economic recession and third sector development in Europe." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 36, no. 7/8 (2016): 547–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-01-2016-0010.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose – The context conditions for third sector organizations (TSOs) in Europe have significantly changed as a result of the global economic crisis, including decreasing levels of public funding and changing modes of relations with the state. The effect of economic recession, however, varies across Europe. The purpose of this paper is to understand why this is the case. It analyses the impact of economic recession and related policy changes on third sector development in Europe. The economic effects on TSOs are thereby placed into a broader context of changing third sector policies and welfa

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Zadorozhnyi, Oleksiі. "Development of Trade and Economic Relations Between Ukraine and the Kingdom of the Netherlands: Dynamics and Prospects." Modern Economics 31, no. 1 (2022): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v31(2022)-06.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Introduction. In this article, based on the analysis of the development of trade and economic relations between Ukraine and the Netherlands, was found that the Netherlands is one of the largest investors in Ukraine in recent years. According to the results of the analysis, it is found that metallurgy, agro-industrial complex, mechanical engineering, IT industry, oil and fat industry are the most popular industries in trade and economic cooperation between the countries today. Purpose. The aim of the work is to identify the effectiveness of trade and economic relations between Ukraine

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Baev, Jordan. "The Establishment of Bulgarian–West German Diplomatic Relations within the Coordinating Framework of the Warsaw Pact." Journal of Cold War Studies 18, no. 3 (2016): 158–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00656.

Full text

Abstract:

Bulgarian–West German relations played a crucial role in Bulgarian foreign policy in Europe from the time the FRG became a leading West European political and economic power and a key member of both the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Economic Community. The normalization of official relations between Bulgaria and the FRG was significantly influenced by two major factors: the policy of closer coordination and multilateral interaction within the Warsaw Pact and the somewhat slower, though increasing, process of East-West détente and security negotiations in Europe through CS

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Domagała, Joanna. "LINKS BETWEEN SMP PRICES IN POLAND AND SELECTED FOREIGN MARKETS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXII, no. 4 (2020): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4930.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the paper was to determine the links between SMP prices in Poland and SMP prices in selected countries. The article uses secondary data for the monthly price of butter at a level of countries collected by the Milk Market Observatory and the Italian Dairy Economic Consulting portal for 2000-2016. The analyzed period was divided into two periods: 2000-2004 and 2005-2016. The article uses Johansen cointegration tests, and Granger’s causality analysis. The analyzes in the first stage concerned the links between SMP prices in Poland and SMP prices in Western Europe, the USA and Oceania.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Drelich-Skulska, Bogusława, Sebastian Bobowski, Anna H. Jankowiak, and Przemysław Skulski. "China’s Trade Policy Towards Central and Eastern Europe in the 21St Century, Example of Poland." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 14, no. 1 (2014): 149–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2014-0111.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The aim of this paper is to present China’s economic model and discuss, in this context, bilateral trade and investment relations between China and Poland. The analysis presented herein is based on the strategy of cooperation with countries of Central and Eastern Europe, as presented by China’s Prime Minister, and on the growing importance of Poland as a main partner of China in the Central and Eastern Europe region. The paper describes main premises of the Chinese economic model, followed by a diagnosis of Chinese economy. The authors analyze the main directions of China’s foreign co

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Digilina, O. B., and T. A. Cheban. "Theoretical Foundations of the Foreign Economic Relations Strategy of the Russian Federation at the Present Stage." Journal of Law and Administration 20, no. 1 (2024): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2024-1-70-178-187.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction. The author of this text is convinced that in the modern world foreign economic relations remain a crucial way of maintaining economic activity. Sustainable economic relations with other states are a necessary condition for the country's economic growth. However, due to changes in the global financial, economic and political systems, Russia is forced to look for new economic and political allies. The main task for our country is to establish close and mutually beneficial relations with the leading countries of the East, such as China and India, in order to ensure economic security

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

LeoGrande, William M. "From Havana to Miami: U.S. Cuba Policy as a Two-Level Game." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 40, no. 1 (1998): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/166301.

Full text

Abstract:

For thirty years, Cuba was a focal point of the Cold War. Before the demise of the Soviet Union, Cuba’s close ideological and military partnership with the communist superpower posed a challenge to U.S. foreign policy, especially in the Third World (see, e.g., Domínguez 1989). With the end of the Cold War, Cuba retrenched, ending its aid programs for foreign revolutionaries and regimes. Without the Soviet Union’s sponsorship, Cuba could no longer afford the luxury of a global foreign policy exporting revolution. Instead, its diplomats focused on reorienting Cuba’s international economic relati

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

de Haan, Arjan. "Development Cooperation as Economic Diplomacy?" Hague Journal of Diplomacy 6, no. 1-2 (2011): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187119111x564113.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis article explores the role of international development cooperation — or aid — in foreign policy and diplomacy. Based on his experience as a practitioner, Arjan de Haan makes the observation that the development debate, and in particular the search for effective aid, has neglected the political role of aid. Moreover, the high political symbolism that aid has obtained, particularly in the last decade, has received relatively little attention. A political perspective on aid is now rapidly becoming more important, especially because of the enhanced importance of global security in set

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Posazhennikova, Anastasia. "BENELUX COUNTRIES’ SECURITY STRATEGIES: BETWEEN EUROPEANISM AND ATLANTICISM." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS, no. 4 (August 31, 2024): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran420241632.

Full text

Abstract:

In the article, transformation of the foreign policy and security strategies of the Benelux countries – Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg – is analyzed against the exacerbating conflict in Ukraine. Using the comparative historical method, we outline the evolution of strategic trends of Europeanism – seeking deeper integration within the European institutional framework – and Atlanticism – pursuing a general strategic orientation towards the United States – in the three countries. As smaller-sized countries, they initially combined Europeanism and «moderate» Atlanticism, which left them s

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Ćurčić, Mihailo, Radan Kostić, and Ivica Matejić. "Foreign trade of Serbia and Africa." Odrzivi razvoj 3, no. 2 (2021): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/odrraz2102007c.

Full text

Abstract:

When it comes to defining the foreign trade relations between Africa and the Republic of Serbia, it should be pointed out that our country achieves the least international trade cooperation with the countries of this continent. According to the data of the Parliamentary Budget Office (2018), Serbian foreign trade is mostly focused on Europe, given that as much as 93% of total exports were directed to European countries, and 80% of imports of goods from Europe. The exchange with African countries is almost negligible: on both the import and import side, Africa took part in less than 1% of the t

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Tubilewicz, Czeslaw. "Affordable Ally: Taiwan's Diplomatic Venture in Macedonia." Politics 22, no. 1 (2002): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9256.00156.

Full text

Abstract:

This article examines foreign policy of the Republic of China (ROC) towards East Central Europe (ECE) through the prism of Taipei's diplomatic strategies vis-à-vis Macedonia. Specifically, it identifies and explains the broad goals and rationale behind Taipei's increased interest in ECE after the Cold War. The study concludes that the Taiwanese interest in East Central Europe was motivated by its wish to capitalise on ECE's anti-communist euphoria and need for foreign capital, hoping that promises of generous economic assistance would convince some ECE states to extend diplomatic recognition t

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

KERANOV, Dimitar. "A New Look At Bulgarian-South African Economic Relations." INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ECONOMICS, BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT 1, no. 1 (2024): 74–80. https://doi.org/10.56065/icebm2024.74.

Full text

Abstract:

Bulgaria realigned its foreign policy following the demise of communism in 1989. That year marked the end of 45 years of one-party dictatorship under the Bulgarian communist party (BKP) and Todor Zhivkov’s rule. As the country held its first democratic elections, the world was changing – communist dictatorships were falling like dominos in all of Eastern Europe, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Cold War were soon to be history as well. Significant changes were also occurring outside of Eastern Europe – in Latin America and Africa. Particularly in South Africa, the apartheid dict

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Shabanova, Lyudmila Borisovna, and Irina Gennadievna Morozova. "Prospects for investment development in Russia and the Muslim world." Национальная безопасность / nota bene, no. 6 (June 2022): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0668.2022.6.38433.

Full text

Abstract:

Ensuring investment attractiveness is one of the most important aspects of a country's economic activity in modern international relations. Foreign investments make it possible not only to ensure expanded social reproduction in the country, but also expand the possibilities of technological and economic development of the state.The purpose of the work is to analyze foreign direct investment in the Russian Federation in general and the Republic of Tatarstan in particular. The analysis and evaluation of statistical data revealed a reduction in the number of projects involving foreign direct inve

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Lymar, Margaryta. "European integration in the foreign policy of Dwight Eisenhower." American History & Politics Scientific edition, no. 7 (2019): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2019.07.27-36.

Full text

Abstract:

The article deals with European integration processes through the prism of the President Eisenhower foreign policy. The transatlantic relations are explored considering the geopolitical transformations in Europe. It is noted that after the end of World War II, Europe needed assistance on the path to economic recovery. Eisenhower initially as Commander in Chief of NATO forces in Europe, and later as the U.S. President, directed his foreign policy efforts to unite the states of Western Europe in their post-war renovating and confronting the communist threat. For that reason, Eisenhower deserved

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Timakova, Olga A. "China’s Relations with the Mediterranean States: Military and Political Aspects." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 21, no. 4 (2021): 700–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2021-21-4-700-711.

Full text

Abstract:

China is one of the most influential non-regional actors in the Mediterranean. As of 2021, it is ranked among the top three trading partners of almost all Mediterranean states. Chinese foreign policy in the Mediterranean reflects the growing importance of geoeconomics and, in particular, economic instruments of foreign policy in Chinas foreign policy strategy. The intersection of the routes of the Maritime Silk Road of the 21st Century and the Silk Road Economic Belt in the Mediterranean basin indicates the regions high potential for the development of new logistics routes, economic corridors

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

YILMAZ, Samet. "ASIA-EUROPE MEETING AS AN INTERREGIONAL INTERACTION PATTERN IN THE EUROPEAN UNION’S RELATIONS WITH ASIA." Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 13, no. 25 (2022): 602–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36543/kauiibfd.2022.025.

Full text

Abstract:

As a regional organization, the European Union (EU) interacts with actors of international relations in various ways in conducting its foreign relations, including interregional interactions. The EU establishes interregional relations with regional organizations, states, and groups of states and participates in interregional interaction mechanisms. The Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) is among the interaction channels of the EU in its relations with Asia. ASEM, held in 1996 first, is an initiative to develop political, economic, social, and cultural relations between Asia and Europe and create aware

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Webber, Clark. "Georgia’s Strategic Path: Economic Integration as a Strategic Pathway." Caucasus Survey 11, no. 2-3 (2023): 341–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/23761202-bja10022.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Since achieving independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, the Republic of Georgia has balanced its aspirations to Westernize with its pre-existing and continuing bonds with Russia. Much of the research looking at this dynamic has focused on security and political issues; this article instead focuses on the economic sphere and examines whether Georgia’s economic ties with Europe and Russia have created closer strategic relations. To determine if Georgia is pursuing economic integration with the European Union (EU) and Russia, the article draws on economic data from the National Stati

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Kirilina, E. Yu. "Foreign Policy of Germany towards Kazakhstan." EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 18, no. 2 (2024): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2024-02-189-197.

Full text

Abstract:

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, a large number of newly formed states appeared on the geopolitical map of the world, some of which are located in Central Asia. As one of the largest and most influential countries in Europe, Germany sought to establish strong economic, political and cultural ties with these countries. The author pays attention to the stages of development of bilateral relations from the early 90s to the present.Aim. The aim of this study is to identify key aspects of German foreign policy in the region, focusing on relations with Kazakhstan.Tasks. Study the main stages

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Kurkliński, Lech. "Historyczne podziały Europy a społeczno-gospodarcze uwarunkowania postaw kulturowych wobec bankowości w Polsce." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace 3, no. 3 (2015): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2015.3.3.4.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper is devoted to the presentation of the significance of the historicaldivisions in Europe for the formation of the socio-economic conditions for thedevelopment of the banking sector in Poland. The paper presents four main divisionsrelated to the functioning of the Roman Empire and Barbaricum, Latin andByzantine Europe, the dualism of the economic development of Europe fromthe sixteenth century and the creation of the capitalist and socialist blocks afterthe Second World War, and their relations to the position of Poland. Historicaloverview is juxtaposed with the current shape of the P

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Kruizinga, Samuël. "Struggling to Fit in. The Dutch in a Transnational Army, 1936–1939." Journal of Modern European History 16, no. 2 (2018): 183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/1611-8944-2018-2-183.

Full text

Abstract:

Struggling to Fit In. The Dutch in a Transnational Army, 1936-1939 The Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) possessed a transnational resonance that echoed far beyond the borders of the country in which it was fought. It drew thousands of foreign fighters to Spain where, as many believed, the future of Europe would be decided. Most of them fought on the side of the embattled Republican government against an uprising supported by international Fascism. Given the foreign fighters’ similar socio-economic backgrounds and shared anti-Fascist sentiment, historians have suggested that the «International Bri

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Maris, Georgios, and Ioannis Kalaitzidis. "China, Greece, and Economic Relations in Southeast Europe: A Political Economy Approach." Social Sciences 13, no. 8 (2024): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci13080422.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper investigates China’s regional role in Southeastern Europe by examining the economic strategy of neo-mercantilism using Greece as a case study. In doing so, this paper will make use of the strategy of neo-mercantilism as part of the broader theory of regional powers pursuing broader geostrategic goals. How has the strategic partnership between China and Greece evolved in recent years, and what are China’s primary objectives in Greece under the neo-mercantilism? China has intentionally sought to expand its influence in Southeastern Europe by cultivating a strategic partnership with Gr

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Dassonneville, Ruth, and Michael S. Lewis-Beck. "A changing economic vote in Western Europe? Long-term vs. short-term forces." European Political Science Review 11, no. 1 (2018): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773918000231.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractConsiderable research shows the presence of an economic vote, with governments rewarded or punished by voters, depending on the state of the economy. But how stable is this economic vote? A current argument holds its effect has increased over time, because of weakening long-term social and political forces. Under these conditions, short-term forces, foremostly the economic issue, can come to the fore. A counter-argument, however, sees the economic vote effect in decline, due to globalization. Against these rival hypotheses rests the status-quo argument: the economic vote effect remains

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Tsvyk, Anatoly V., and Konstantin P. Kurylev. "The Idea of a “Greater Europe” in Russian Foreign Policy: Past and Present." RUDN Journal of Russian History 19, no. 2 (2020): 438–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2020-19-2-438-447.

Full text

Abstract:

This article examines the notion of a Greater Europe in Russian foreign policy from the 1990s to the present. The idea developed as the Russian government sought to establish its national and civilizational identy in the wake of the USSRs dissolution. At the turn of the 21st century, Moscow embraced the idea of a rapprochement with the rest of Europe. Pursuing the notion of Greater Europe, to create a single continental economic, political and cultural space, became a major diplomatic objective as it developed a strategic partnership with the European Union. However, in more recent years its o

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Chetverikova, A. "Central Europe in the Pandemic Era: First Economic Results." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 3 (2021): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-3-92-101.

Full text

Abstract:

The article analyzes the response of the Visegrad Group countries to the 2020 pandemic. Measures are outlined that were taken by Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to support their economies, including efforts to stabilize labour markets and measures for several most affected sectors. The author assesses the main economic indicators of the Visegrad countries during the first half of 2020 in the light of the consequences of imposed restrictive measures. The reaction of the Visegrad economies to the pandemic correlates with the pan-European reaction. Special attention is paid to th

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Jiang, Congcong, and Christoph Lattemann. "Chinese OFDI in Europe under the Guidance of BRI — A Focus on China–CEE Economic Relations." China and the World 01, no. 04 (2018): 1850022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2591729318500220.

Full text

Abstract:

China has been actively integrating itself in the global economy through Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and increasing trade flows. In order to further expand its foreign market ambition and reinforce itself as a leader in the world economic system, China unleashed the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). One of the main economic incentives behind this initiative is to strengthen China’s integration with Central and Eastern European (CEE) markets. In recent years, an emerging trend for Chinese investors to invest in CEE countries such as Poland can be observed. The aim of this research is to analy

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!