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Journal articles on the topic 'Netherlands – Foreign relations – Europe'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Sobko, Jelena. "Russian-Dutch relations during the Great Embassy and during the first stage of the Northern War (1697–1709)." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 3(67) (May 5, 2025): 182–93. https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2024-67-3-182-193.

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The article examines Russian-Dutch relations during the period of the Great Embassy and in the first phase of the Northern War. The Great Embassy, having played an important role in terms of developing trade relations with the Netherlands, establishing personal contacts etc., has not achieved great success in the diplomatic sphere in Holland. In the early years of the Northern War, the difference in the positions towards Russia of the official government in The Hague and the city of Amsterdam led to the fact that Russian foreign policy was focused on the city of Amsterdam namely on its leaders

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2

van der Putten, Frans-Paul. "Small Powers and Imperialism The Netherlands in China, 1886–1905." Itinerario 20, no. 1 (1996): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300021562.

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Ever since its publication in 1966, Tussen Neutraliteit en Imperialisme (‘Between Neutrality and Imperialism’) has been the standard work on Dutch policy towards China between 1863 and 1901. In this study the author, F. van Dongen, stresses the adherence to neutrality towards the strong European neighbour states as the fundamental guideline for Dutch foreign policy, not only within Europe but also in the Far East. This policy stemmed from the fact that the European balance-of-power system had been extended to China in the late nineteenth century, through the participation of most European stat

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3

Lewis, Tom. "What not to Wear: Religious Rights, the European Court, and the Margin of Appreciation." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 56, no. 2 (2007): 395–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei169.

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The issue of religious dress, specifically female Muslim religious dress, has been the subject of intense controversy within Europe over recent years. In the United Kingdom comments by Jack Straw MP, Leader of the House of Commons and a former Home and Foreign Secretary, that he felt uncomfortable talking to women at his constituency surgery who wore the Muslim veil sparked a storm of intense and, at times, acrimonious debate.1 In France the banning of headscarves in State schools has provoked major controversy.2 In the Netherlands the Dutch Parliament voted to ban the burka in public places3

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4

Sobko, Elena. "Russia and the Netherlands in the First Half of the 18th Century: the Main Stages of the Development of Bilateral Relations." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 3(63) (December 19, 2023): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-198-206.

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The study of Russian-Dutch relations in the first half of the 18th century is of interest in terms of studying the process of Russia's entry into the all-European system. This article examines in the context of all-European relations the main features and peculiarities of the development of Russian-Dutch mutual relations during four main stages: the period of the Northern War; 1725–1730; the 30s associated with the War of the Polish succession; the 40s of the 18th century - the period of the War of the Austrian succession. It turns out that during the Northern War, Russian-Dutch relation

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Dyrina, Anna. "ON THE POST-SOCIALIST PATH OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS AND THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 2 (2021): 269–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2021.02.13.

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The article examines the current state of affairs in Belarus and Serbia - two countries that previously were parts of the socialist federal states, but currently belong to the regions of Eastern Europe and the Balkans/South-Eastern Europe, respectively. The first part of the article is devoted to Belarusian-Serbian relations. Political cooperation is developing at the presidential, governmental and parliamentary levels, and interaction is also carried out at the level of various departments, regions and cities. For Serbia, the support from Belarus on the international scene is important, in pa

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6

Ryzhankou, Arnold Yurievich. "CRIMINAL-LEGAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NEGLIGENCE OF OFFICIALS UNDER THE LEGISLATION OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES." Bulletin of the Institute of Legislation and Legal Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1, no. 68 (2022): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52026/2788-5291_2022_68_1_127.

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This scientific article is devoted to the issues of criminal liability for official negligence in the legislation of foreign countries. The purpose of the existence of the state is the protection of human rights and freedoms, the preservation of state and public institutions, ensuring the internal and external security of the country, observing the established legal order. It is the proper activity of officials of state bodies and organizations of all forms of ownership that makes it possible to achieve these goals. To ensure the protection of state-protected public relations from the most ser

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7

Nosov, M. G. "Europe and the End of Shogunate: Japan «Opening»." Sovremennaâ Evropa, no. 4 (125) (December 15, 2024): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0201708324040156.

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“Bakumatsu” is the period from 1853 to 1868, which can be translated as “The End of the Bakufu” or “The End of the Tokugawa Shogunate”. Japan, under pressure from the United States and European countries, was forced to open the country for trade and contacts, well realising that it could not resist foreigners due to its technological and military inferiority. The “opening” of the country took place under the confusion of the authorities and with the resistance of not only a large part of the authorities, but also the people, who readily rallied under easy understandable slogan of “honor empero

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8

Shatokhina-Mordvintseva, Galina. "Diplomat Aleksandr Gavrilovich Golovkin: New Touches to Biographical Portrait." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 5 (2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640015098-5.

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Aleksandr Gavrilovich Golovkin (1688–1760) is a famous Russian diplomat of the first half of the XVIII century. His name is associated with a number of prominent pages in the history of bilateral relations of Russia with Prussia, France and most important – with the Republic of United Provinces, to which A. Golovkin was Ambassador Plenipotentiary for almost thirty years. However, today both Russian and foreign historiography is lacking substantial pieces of research dedicated to A. Golovkin. Up to the present moment biography, compiled by the diplomat himself in 1756 for a questionnaire of hig

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9

Okladnaya, Marina, and Viktoriya Slivnaya. "Protocol of credentials in European countries: general and special." Law and innovative society, no. 2 (15) (January 4, 2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2309-9275-2020-2(15)-5.

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Problem setting. The purpose of establishing diplomatic relations is to maintain constant relations between the countries at the highest diplomatic level. The main stages of establishing diplomatic relations are regulated by the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of April 18, 1961. At the same time, this document in many respects refers to the national law of countries. The presentation of credentials is the final action, after which diplomatic relations are considered established, and the powers of state representatives take effect. However, international law does not specify the speci

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Šmigelskytė-Stukienė, Ramunė. "Politinės ir geopolitinės Augustino Midletono refleksijos (1790–1792)." XVIII amžiaus studijos T. 6: Personalijos. Idėjos. Refleksijos, T. 6 (January 2, 2020): 269–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/23516968-006013.

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POLITICAL AND GEOPOLITICAL REFLECTIONS BY AUGUSTYN MIDDLETON (1790–1792) The article presents personality and activities of Augustyn Middleton, nobleman from Kaunas powiat, with the main focus on assessing this person in the light of political events in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the geopolitical situation. At the centre of this research is the period from the reinstatement of the diplomatic mission of the Commonwealth in The Hague on 14 April 1790 to the end of activities of the Four-Year Sejm. The article reveals that Augustyn Middleton, assigned by Stanislaw August to the diplom

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Bandžović, Safet. "Djelovanje ruskih diplomata na Balkanu (1774-1875)." Historijski pogledi 8, no. 13 (2025): 38–71. https://doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2025.8.13.38.

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Diplomacy is an important component of power, a deliberate and skillful activity, a means for implementing foreign policy to enable states to achieve their goals. This particularly applies to the wide range of specific activities of Russia and its diplomatic-consular missions in the Balkans during the „long nineteenth century.“ The emergence of state officials who primarily represented Russia's economic interests abroad is linked to the reformist endeavors of Tsar Peter I. Russia pursued an active foreign policy, which manifested in various directions, including entry into foreign markets. A v

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Syngaivska, Inna. "Foreign experience of reglamentation of criminal responsibility for coercion to marriage." Slovo of the National School of Judges of Ukraine, no. 2(31) (July 30, 2020): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37566/2707-6849-2020-2(31)-5.

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The unification of criminal legislation is the most powerful method of international law influencing on national criminal-law systems. In accordance with the comparative legal researching of the criminal liability regulation is the accumulation of law-making practice experience in counteracting of a particular crime, in our research – counteracting of coercion to wedlock. Ukraine hasn’t ratified the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention and Combating of Violence against Women and domestic violence; Istanbul Convention (hereinafter referred to as the «Istanbul Convention») yet, but a n

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13

Stavridis, Stelios. "Book Review: Alfred Pijpers, Elfreide Regelsberger and Wolfgang Wessels (eds.), European Political Cooperation in the 1980s : A Common Foreign Policy for Western Europe? (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer, 1988, 381pp., £48.50)." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 19, no. 2 (1990): 321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298900190020220.

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14

Deighton, Anne. "G. Scott-Smith,Networks of Empire: the U.S. State Department's Foreign Leader Program in the Netherlands, France, and Britain, 1950–70G. Lundestad (Ed.),Just Another Major Crisis? The United States and Europe Since 2000." Diplomacy & Statecraft 20, no. 2 (2009): 368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592290902907569.

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15

Vuković, Ivan. "Development of European Union and joining perspective of Croatia." Tourism and hospitality management 13, no. 2 (2007): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.13.2.7.

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In this paper we researched European Union starting with the Agreement from Maastrich from year 1992, even though the European Union has a long traditional history and its origin is founded on regulations of economical integrations in Europe beginning from the 1950’s through the Roman treaty from year 1957 and the forming of the European Union Committee in year 1965. Further we follow her expansion and introduction of the European economic and monetary policy, to last, the joining perspective of Croatia. According to the Agreement from Maastrich, European Union lies on three posts: 1) Legal-po

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16

Karamanukyan, D. T., and P. Chvosta. "The Right to a Fair Trial in the Area of Russian and Austrian Public Law." Siberian Law Review 19, no. 1 (2022): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.19073/2658-7602-2022-19-1-91-108.

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The research paper examines the legal category of procedural (proceedings) law “Right to a Fair Trial” as a fundamental element of the European Human Rights Convention and the judicial practice of the European Court of Human Rights. The Authors concentrate mainly on the general part of Article 6 and focus on crucial aspects of the mentioned right which have become significant for the daily legal practice in the Russian Federation, Republic of Austria and other member states. In the domestic Russian legal doctrine, there are sectoral and international legal studies devoted to the Convention for

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17

Litvin, Margaret. "Intimate Foreign Relations." Comparative Literature 75, no. 2 (2023): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00104124-10334503.

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Abstract Visualizing Soviet internationalism as a student dormitory, this essay identifies a new transnational subgenre, the Soviet dormitory novel, and analyzes four examples: Nazim Hikmet’s Life’s Good, Brother (Turkish, 1964); Ismail Kadare’s Twilight of the Eastern Gods (Albanian, 1978); Sonallah Ibrahim’s Ice (Arabic, 2011); and Yurii Andrukhovych’s Moscoviad (Ukrainian, 2000). These works each depict a different decade and come from different locations on the concentric map of Soviet influence: the Afro-Asian world, Eastern Europe, and the non-Russian USSR. Together, they reveal some sha

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18

Muižnieks, Nils. "The Future of Human Rights Protection in Europe." Security and Human Rights 24, no. 1 (2013): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02401007.

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19

Yakhshibekа, A. Abdullaevа. "GENDER TENDENCIES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES." LOOK TO THE PAST 5, Special issue 1 (2022): 16–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6758048.

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This article reflects the strategic actions taken on gender issues in foreign countries. The share of women leaders in public administration in Europe, America, the Netherlands, Africa, Asia and other countries is analyzed. In most countries, the attitude towards women's support has become one of the state policy priorities. The number of women in higher education in Karakalpakstan is compared with the share of women in education abroad. The role of women in science and public administration in general is emphasized.

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20

Klupt, M. "Centre-Periphery Relations in Europe: Demographic Aspect." World Economy and International Relations, no. 2 (2015): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-2-58-67.

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The paper deals with the impact of centre-periphery relations on the demographic change in Europe in the 21st century. The reasons why the projections presented by Statistics Netherlands and the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute in 1999 underestimated the future population growth in France, Italy, Spain and UK are analyzed. Current statistics and UN population projections (2012 revision) demonstrate that the idea of the total depopulation coming in Europe, commonly held there over the 20th century, is out of date. In fact, depopulation is far from being total; it is common on

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21

Willis, Michael, and Nizar Messari. "Analyzing Moroccan Foreign Policy and Relations with Europe." Review of International Affairs 3, no. 2 (2003): 152–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1475355032000240658.

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22

Tubilewicz, Czeslaw. "Europe in Taiwan's Post–Cold War Foreign Relations." Diplomacy & Statecraft 18, no. 2 (2007): 415–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592290701322606.

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23

Tunik, Maria. "SPECIFICS OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE NETHERLANDS AND CHINA." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS, no. 1 (February 28, 2025): 78–87. https://doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran120257887.

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The author analyzes the current trends in bilateral economic relations between the Netherlands and China in the context of the volume and structure of trade in goods and services over the past five years and flows of foreign direct investment. The author examines the peculiarities of the Netherlands’ strategic policy course and key disagreements with China, including the issues of protecting the country’s economic interests. The author touches upon the topical issues of critical goods and dual-use technologies, as well as the growing presence of Chinese enterprises in the Dutch market. The aut

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24

Sbitenkova, Viktoriia М. "INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT OF THE NETHERLANDS." Європейський вектор економічного розвитку 1, no. 36 (2024): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2074-5362-2024-1-36-7.

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The paper offers a comprehensive review of the investment environment in the Netherlands, a nation noted for its advanced economy, robust international trade links, and a solid legal framework that supports business activity. The Netherlands features a stable political environment, transparent governance, and administrative efficiency, creating a reliable backdrop for investment. This climate is conducive to innovation and attracts foreign direct investment, especially due to an advantageous tax system. The workforce in the Netherlands is highly skilled and multilingual, which is a critical as

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25

Harbisch, Amelie. "Human Rights Relations between Europe and Russia." Politikon: The IAPSS Journal of Political Science 25 (December 15, 2014): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22151/politikon.25.3.

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There is a gap between the academic discourse’s acknowledgement of the importance of the question of diverging values in the relations between Russia and the European Union (EU), especially in the light of recent human rights cases, and the ongoing tendency of recent analyses of EU-Russia human rights relations to focus on rationalist cost-benefit accounts which leave out value interpretation issues. I seek to fill this gap by genealogically analyzing the origin of different human rights understandings of Europe and Russia and their constitution of the scope of foreign policy action. The resul

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Priambodo, Gabriella Dewa. "Analysis of Indonesia-Netherlands Diplomatic and Consular Relations." Journal of ASEAN Dynamics and Beyond 2, no. 2 (2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/aseandynamics.v2i2.52146.

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<p>In order to improve the quality of international cooperation, the Indonesian nation must be able to improve the quality and performance of foreign officials so that they are able to carry out proactive diplomacy in all fields to build a positive image of Indonesia in the international world. Through this article, the diplomatic relations between Indonesia and the Netherlands will be analyzed specifically, both diplomatic and consular relations. The result,diplomatic relations between the governments of Indonesia and the Netherlands have been in accordance with Law Number 37 of 1999, b

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Tan, Nguyen Van, and Dinh Thi Thanh Hoa. "Japan in relations with Portugal and the Netherlands under Tokugawa - A comparative perspective." GLS KALP: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 3, no. 3 (2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.69974/glskalp.03.03.36.

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Among Western countries conducting trade and evangelization activities, Portugal was the first to establish a relationship with Japan. However, the main axis in Japan's relations with Portugal was mainly related to missionary issues and the shogunate government's policy of suppressing Christianity. Meanwhile, the Netherlands' relations with Japan were mainly in the field of trade and exchange, so the Netherlands not only did not face the prohibition policy of the Tokugawa court, but on the contrary, Japan encouraged the acquisition of Western science and technology. Understanding Japan's relat

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Pinas, Jovanka, Sun Wei, Tetelesti Oppong-Baah, et al. "Assessing a Causal Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment and Human Capital: The Case of the Netherlands." International Business Research 13, no. 1 (2019): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v13n1p247.

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Foreign direct investment is seen by many countries as an important source of capital. The flow of foreign direct investment in the world has been increasing over the past couple of years and many countries have adopted various institutional policies with the hope of attracting more foreign direct investment. Besides capital, these countries also get to benefit from the other advantages that these investments bring with them, such as the newest technology and managerial skills. FDI, besides boosting capital formation, also increases the quality of capital stock. Countries can only reap all the

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Hossain, Mohammad Belayet, Asmah Laili Bt Yeon, and Ahmad Shamsul Bin Abd Aziz. "Sovereignty, National Interest & Security and the Bilateral Investment Treaties of Bangladesh and the Netherlands: a Comparison." African Journal of Legal Studies 12, no. 2 (2019): 183–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340049.

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Abstract In absence of any global treaty, the bilateral investment treaties are playing the important role of regulating foreign investments in the host countries. The primary purpose of economic globalization is the economic development of the developing and least-developed countries as well as to facilitate benefits of the home states. Bangladesh and the Netherlands also signed bilateral investment treaties to facilitate trade. Bangladesh foreign investment laws and bilateral investment treaties mainly protect foreign investors; however, neither include any specific provisions of protecting

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McDonagh, Kenneth. "Ireland's Foreign Relations in 2022." Irish Studies in International Affairs 34, no. 1 (2023): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/isia.2023.a918366.

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ABSTRACT: This review examines Ireland's foreign relations in 2022. As Ireland emerged from the final period of Covid pandemic restrictions it faced an unstable world. Russia's illegal escalation of its war in Ukraine would be the main focus of Ireland's engagement with the world. The EU agenda was dominated by the response to the conflict and Ireland demonstrated solidarity with its partners. 2022 was also the second and final year of Ireland's membership of the UN Security Council and saw Ireland take up the Presidency of the Council of Europe. Relations with the UK were strained by ongoing

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31

Rosenthal, Glenda G. "Review: Europe: Foreign Economic Relations of the European Community." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 47, no. 1 (1992): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070209204700113.

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32

Makarov, A. I., E. A. Rubinchik, and M. A. Kladkin. "Trade and economic relations between Russia and the Netherlands: formation and development." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 4 (December 26, 2020): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2020-4-5-22.

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Successful development of mutual trade and economic ties between Russia and the Netherlands has been lasting for centuries. In ancient times, when both states were actively developing, vessels loaded with various goods were already cruising between their shores; while national leaders were building bilateral trade policy. The development of cooperation reached its peak during the time of Peter the Great, when the Russian Empire carried out industrialization by entering into a full-scale international industrial cooperation with its historical partner. Participation of the Russian state in the

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Minesashvili, Salome. "Europe in Georgia’s Identity Discourse." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 54, no. 1-2 (2021): 128–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/j.postcomstud.2021.54.1-2.128.

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Georgia’s European identity, often regarded as the basis of its pro-Western foreign policy, has been contested in the domestic arena by alternative agendas. While government changes are usually deemed instigators of change in this contestation, no systematic analysis has been conducted on the effect of external developments. Considering that Georgia’s relations with the West and Russia have been evolving and that the debates on European identity inherently relate to foreign policy, this article asks to what extent and how contestation within the European identity discourse changes in response

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Konovalova, M. "ISSUES OF FOREIGN LOBBYING IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. International relations, no. 1 (53) (2021): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2292.2021/1-53/12-14.

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The promotion of the interests of national governments through the foreign states, as well as the lobbying of the interests of third countries in international organizations has gone beyond classical diplomatic relations and is increasingly taking place through modern means and forms of lobbying. The paper examines the aspects of foreign lobbying regulation and recommendations of Council of Europe experts on the implementation of legislation, including in the field of international lobbying. The essence of the concept of "foreign lobbying" is highlighted and the key means of indirect foreign l

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Terry, Sarah Meiklejohn. "Poland's foreign policy since 1989: the challenges of independence." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 33, no. 1 (2000): 7–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-067x(99)00024-0.

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In its first decade of post-communist independence, Poland achieved far more than most dared believe in 1989. Despite domestic political and economic turmoil, it has joined Europe as a new member of NATO and a prospective member of the EU. This article traces the evolution of Polish foreign policy since 1989 over four time periods: First, the early uncertainties from 1989 to 1992 when Warsaw — caught between a reunifying Germany and a collapsing USSR — was intent on solidifying its relations with Central European neighbors. Second, the watershed year of 1993, which witnessed changes in every a

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Janes, Jack. "The Ampel Coalition's Foreign Policy Challenges." German Politics and Society 40, no. 4 (2022): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2022.400405.

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Abstract German-American relations have been impacted by the war in Ukraine for reasons that have to do with domestic and foreign policy challenges. Germany is struggling with its responsibilities to increased expectations in Washington and within the European Union. The responses in Berlin to the Russian invasion of Ukraine have resulted in tensions within Europe as Germany tries to shape its policies around what Chancellor Olaf Scholz has called the Zeitenwende (turning point) of German foreign policy. The u.s. has also signaled its expectations that Germany needs to be a partner in sharing

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Khoroshilov, Evgeny. "Vector of Canada's foreign economic relations." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 8 (2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760032207-4.

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The article examines trends in Canada&apos;s foreign economic activity in 1990–2022. The author analyzes changes in the structure of Canadian foreign trade and direct investment flows, as well dynamics of Canada&apos;s relations with its main partner countries. It is concluded that during this period, the importance of economic ties with the Netherlands, Mexico, Australia, South Korea, India and, in particular, with China has increased for Canada, while the role of Great Britain, Japan, Germany and France has decreased. It is emphasized that the United States retains its dominant posit

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Kaeb, Caroline, and David Scheffer. "The Paradox of Kiobel in Europe." American Journal of International Law 107, no. 4 (2013): 852–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.107.4.0852.

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One of the most striking features of Chief Justice John Roberts’s majority opinion in the U.S. Supreme Court’s judgment in Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. is how it pays homage to foreign governments’ opposition to the extraterritorial application of the Alien Tort Statute (ATS), as voiced most prominently from European foreign ministries. “[F]oreign policy concerns” and the overarching goal to avoid diplomatic tensions with foreign sovereigns are themes heavily informing the Roberts opinion. The majority found the presumption against extraterritoriality applicable to the ATS in large part

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Volkov, A. M. "Contemporary Foreign Economic Relations of Russia with the Countries of Northern Europe." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 14, no. 3 (2021): 176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-3-10.

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Recently new problems have arisen that have complicated Russia’s foreign economic relations with foreign countries. The countries of Northern Europe were no exception. The economic situation in many countries was far from optimal. Problems with economy took place in the euro area. A significant drop in oil prices led to a slowdown in economic growth in the Russian Federation and a sharp decline of ruble exchange rate. Since 2014, various Western sanctions have emerged, followed by retaliatory sanctions from Russia. Against this background, the analysis of the dynamics of Russian economic relat

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Pilipenko, Gleb. "Multilingualism in Enlightenment Europe." Slovene 9, no. 1 (2019): 543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2019.8.1.21.

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[Rev. of: Rjéoutski V., Frijhoff W., eds., Language Choice in Enlightenment Europe: Education, Sociability, and Governance, Amsterdam, 2018, 233 pp.] The book under review is an English-language collective monograph called “Language Choice in Enlightenment Europe: Education, Sociability, and Governance”, written by authors from the Netherlands, Italy, Russia, Estonia, and Croatia (edited by Vladislav Rjéoutski and Willem Frijhoff). The subject of the monograph is the language choice in the European countries of the 18th century. This is the sixth book in the Languages and Cultures in History s

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Savina, Zoya. "The Trends in German Foreign Policy in African Countries." Asia and Africa Today, no. 6 (2023): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750023527-1.

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Today, Europe pays close attention to its relations with African countries. Germany is the locomotive of the EU and is also building its own policy towards African countries. During the chancellorship of Angela Merkel, several initiatives were proposed aimed at the development of economic relations with Africa. In 2021, Olaf Scholz became the chancellor of Germany. The article examines Germany’s policy towards African countries both before and during the chancellorship of Olaf Scholz. Africa is the key to Europe’s economic sustainability, especially as Europe has continued to separate from Rus

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Dauderstädt, Michael. "Options in foreign economic relations for Central and Eastern Europe." Intereconomics 29, no. 1 (1994): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02929807.

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Vernikov, A. "Foreign-owned Banks in Eastem Europe." World Economy and International Relations, no. 8 (2003): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2003-8-97-107.

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Woldendorp, Jaap. "Good governance and local autonomy in the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Europe and the Caribbean: An uneasy relationship." Tocqueville Review 35, no. 2 (2014): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.35.2.11.

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The existence of a specific ministry for overseas territories in the Netherlands — Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties (Interior Affairs and Relations within the Realm or Kingdom) — is the outcome of a few hundred years of (post) colonial history. In the 1970s and 1980s Dutch governments pushed for independence of the Netherlands Antilles and Suriname in order to get rid of the colonial stigma. In 1975, Suriname became an independent state. However, subsequently a combination of factors made decolonization of the Netherlands Antilles unfeasible. The first factor was the experience with t

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RUSMAN, Paul. "The Netherlands selling submarines to Taiwan: how to judge government action?" Journal of European Integration History 25, no. 1 (2019): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0947-9511-2019-1-111.

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The Dutch sale of major weapons to Taiwan in 1980 ran counter to the Netherlands’ recent recognition of the People’s Republic of China as the sole representative of China. This led to a rupture of diplomatic relations, an outcome seemingly unexpected in spite of the Dutch Foreign Ministry’s strong opposition to the deal. A few years later a new government composed of the same parties turned down a follow-up order. Why did the Dutch government sail so close to the wind and what made it change course? Such questions are tackled using approaches from international relations theory, such as politi

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Ušiak, Jaroslav, Ľubomír Klačko, and Ivana Šostáková. "Central Europe between the Great Powers: contemporary foreign-policy orientation." Politics in Central Europe 17, no. 1 (2021): 143–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pce-2021-0007.

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Abstract The main aim of this this study was to highlight the relations between the Central European countries (Slovakia, Czechia, Poland and Hungary) and the two great powers—the United States and the Russian Federation. We examined the importance of this region from a geopolitical perspective, analysing the relations between the Central European countries and the great powers through two of their critical manifestations: military bases and energy security. The selection of these themes was justified by the frequent centralisation of the abovementioned topics in political discussions and thei

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Laitin, David. "Rational Islamophobia in Europe." European Journal of Sociology 51, no. 3 (2010): 429–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975610000202.

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Social and political relations between Europe and the Muslim world are politically fractious. Attacks in Madrid (March 2004) and London (July 2005), and the riots in suburban Paris in November 2005 and November 2007, have all been attributed to “Muslims”. Political parties in Europe (for example the Front National in France, which placed second in the presidential elections of 2002), have mobilized opinion against a Muslim threat to Europe. Relations between the countries and societies of the European Union and the Muslim World have therefore become politically consequential on a number of dim

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Borisov, Denis A., and Tatiana A. Chernoverskaya. "The Idea of “Perpetual Peace” in the Foreign Policy Practice of European Monarchs." Russia in Global Affairs 21, no. 3 (2023): 62–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31278/1810-6374-2023-21-3-62-83.

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The article offers a comparative analysis of projects for building sustainable peaceful relations in Europe, which at different times were proposed by European monarchs to ensure peaceful relations between countries: Treaty on the Establishment of Peace throughout Christendom by Bohemian King George of Poděbrady, the Grand Design by Henry IV, and the Holy Alliance by Alexander I. The Anglo-Austro-Russian team diplomacy, with the active peacemaking role of the Russian emperor, succeeded in creating the first working pan-European order, and the proposed institutions and principles ensured govern

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Posazhennikova, Anastasia. "BENELUX COUNTRIES’ SECURITY STRATEGIES: BETWEEN EUROPEANISM AND ATLANTICISM." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS, no. 4 (August 31, 2024): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran420241632.

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In the article, transformation of the foreign policy and security strategies of the Benelux countries – Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg – is analyzed against the exacerbating conflict in Ukraine. Using the comparative historical method, we outline the evolution of strategic trends of Europeanism – seeking deeper integration within the European institutional framework – and Atlanticism – pursuing a general strategic orientation towards the United States – in the three countries. As smaller-sized countries, they initially combined Europeanism and «moderate» Atlanticism, which left them s

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Carley, Mark. "Board-level employee representation in Europe." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 4, no. 2 (1998): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425899800400209.

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This article examines briefly the nature of employee representation on company boards, its extent in western Europe and the revival of the European Company Statute which has once again brought this form of indirect worker participation to the fore. The article goes on to outline some of the main findings of recent research by the author into board-level representation in five countries (Finland, Germany, Greece, Ireland and the Netherlands), highlighting areas of diversity and of convergence.

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