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Journal articles on the topic 'Netherlands Indies Civil Administration'
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Nadjamuddin, Lukman, Amar Ali Akbar, Adrian Perkasa, Farida R. Wargadalem, and Wilman D. Lumangino. "Resisting Return to Dutch Colonial Rule: Political Upheaval after Japanese Surrender during the Independence Movement in Sulawesi, Indonesia." Histories 2, no. 4 (October 18, 2022): 426–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/histories2040030.
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Central Sulawesi is a part of Indonesia with a fascinating history during the revolutionary period (1945–1950), owing to several important events related to Indonesian sovereignty. This study uses historical methods to examine the involvement of the Netherlands Indies Civil Administration and its effort to recolonize the area. The Malino Conference, which led to the formation of the State of East Indonesia, was intended to legitimize the federated state under Dutch control and reduce the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. The Central Sulawesi Indonesian People’s Struggle Party is a unification of political parties that consistently maintained Central Sulawesi as part of the Republic of Indonesia, strengthening its bargaining position with the Dutch. This situation brought strong pressure to bear upon the Netherlands to immediately recognize the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia.
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Suwignyo, Agus. "School Teachers and Soft Decolonisation in Dutch–Indonesian Relations, 1945–1949." Itinerario 46, no. 1 (November 29, 2021): 150–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115321000309.
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AbstractThe emergence of two states in Indonesia in the aftermath of the Second World War, namely the Republic of Indonesia and the Netherlands Indies Civil Administration, instigated a war that imposed citizenship, which schoolteachers had to choose carefully. By examining the quest for professional trajectories of Dutch and Indonesian schoolteachers during the 1945–1949 period, this paper argues that expanding citizenship fostered decolonisation through the teachers’ detachment from a shared dream of social mobility. The post–World War II reconstruction project, which is largely depicted as narratives of state building in many of the existing bibliographies, reflected a growing discontent in teachers’ expectations for economic reestablishment at the personal levels. The teachers’ detachment from a shared dream of social mobility reflected the dissolution of an imagined community where transnational cultural identities had met and melded in the early twentieth century. In contrast to the emerging historiography that emphasises atrocities and violence, this paper offers a perspective on the soft process of decolonisation.
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Mohammad Sairin. "MEMODERNISASI NEGERI DAN MENCIPTAKAN HARMONI: KOLABORASI MISIONARIS, PEMERINTAH KOLONIAL, DAN ELITE LOKAL DI POSO, 1892-1950." Moderasi: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial 3, no. 2 (January 21, 2023): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/moderasi.vol3.iss2.65.
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This article describes the process of modernization and harmony creation in Tanah Poso by missionaries and the colonial government involving local elites. So far Poso historiography states that the Poso area was relatively safe before the 1998 Poso conflict broke out. In fact, the Poso people in the pre-colonial period were always haunted by a fear of tribal wars and the tradition of headhunting which was the custom of the local community. The periodization of this study takes the period between 1892-1950. 1892 was the first year the missionary Albert Christiaan Kruyt arrived in Poso. At that time, he recorded war between tribes. Through an ethnographic approach and support from the Dutch East Indies government, the missionaries succeeded in 'modernizing' and creating harmony for the Poso people. This 'modernization' program also received support from Poso's local elite. This support even continued after the proclamation of Indonesian independence. Raja Poso Talasa welcomed the Netherlands Indie Civil Administration (NICA) and managed to prevent resistance against NICA in Poso. The speech by Lora Molindo, Poso's representative at the Malino Conference in 1946, also reflected the same wishes as other local elites. In 1950 colonial rule in Central Sulawesi officially ended with the dissolution of RIS.
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Usmaedi, Usmaedi. "SEKOLAH PENDIDIKAN PEGAWAI PRIBUMI UNTUK PANGREH PRAJA (OPLEIDING SCHOOL VOOR INLANDSCHE AMBTENAREN-OSVIA) DI SERANG – BANTEN TAHUN 1900 – 1927." Diakronika 17, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/diakronika/vol17-iss1/13.
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Indigenous School Education Officer for Civil-directed, School Opleiding voor Inlandsche Ambtenaren (OSVIA) in Serang Banten years 1900-1927. This research is based on a system of government that the Dutch East Indies in the program directed by the Government is required to be able to perform administrative tasks in the province but because of the high officials who have to come from the Netherlands to the Dutch government established a school to meet educational officials natives in the province. The purpose of this thesis writers to learn the system of government in the province with the native elite-modern with the traditional school as a condition for becoming a regent. The method that I use the method of Historical done through several stages, namely: (1) Heuristics, (2) criticism, (3) interpretation, (4) Historiography. While the techniques used to obtain data through library research by studying and analyzing various resource books, newspapers, interviews and archival materials related to the issues discussed. The results reveal that the purpose of recruitment administration in Banten just to get the officer natives are very cheap and the Dutch government considers important role for indigenous political elite bureaucracy native is an intermediary between the government and the people using its traditional authority. So the Dutch government established a school to become an administrative officer at the school named Banten OSVIA. After the establishment of the school in Serang Banten OSVIA traditional governance with the pedigree of the king replaced by a modern system which breeds not be the main requirement to be governor, but education has to be provided to the regents, in which a minimum standard of education graduates OSVIA and able to speak Dutch. Thus the author can give lessons to the community and fellow students with thesis title so that I can learn a transitional government would be traditional-modern in Banten after the arrival of the Dutch.
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Yoshimasa, Shibata. "The monetary policy in the Netherlands East Indies under the Japanese administration." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 152, no. 4 (1996): 699–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003959.
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Kuitenbrouwer, Maarten. "Colonialism and Human Rights. Indonesia and the Netherlands in Comparative Perspective." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 21, no. 2 (June 2003): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016934410302100203.
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In a pioneering article, titled ‘Colonialism and Human Rights, A Contradiction in Terms?’ the American historian Conklin established in 1998 that France not only violated human rights in West Africa about 1900, but also promoted them for a small African elite, both in intended and unintended ways. For colonial Indonesia about 1900 the British historian Ricklefs observed in more general terms a similiar human rights balance. In this article this rough human rights balance is elaborated in more detail and for a longer period in comparative perspective. The case of the Netherlands Indies is compared to British India, French Indochina and independent Thailand during the 19th and 20th centuries. Both the human rights violations during colonial conquest and the limited promotion of political and civil rights and education could be specified in rather exact terms. But for social and economic rights GNP figures had to be chosen as main indicator. In general, British India took the lead in the promotion of political and civil rights and education, and independent Thailand in economic development, while the Netherlands Indies occupied a middle position and French Indochina lagged behind in both respects. In comparative perspective, education proved to be a crucial human right, opening the way to eventual selfdetermination.
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Kunkeler, Nathaniël. "Dietsland Empire?" Locus: Revista de História 28, no. 2 (December 20, 2022): 124–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34019/2594-8296.2022.v28.37259.
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Dutch fascism was marked by an international outlook and character from the outset in the 1920s. Rather than a purely Netherlands affair, it had proponents in multiple countries, particularly Belgium and the East Indies (Indonesia). For many of these, the idea of a Great Netherlands territory uniting all Dutch-speaking nations – Dietsland – was central to their international vision. There were a number of Dutch fascist parties and other organisations spread across the globe which experienced limited success throughout the 1920s, notably Flemish fascists in Belgium, and the reactionary Fatherland Club in the Dutch Indies. The latter was the most important, successfully mobilising the white settler population against perceived weakness in the face of Indonesian nationalism and communism. In the early 1930s they became influenced by fascism. The dominant fascist force of the 1930s however was Anton Mussert’s National Socialist Movement, which became a considerable force in the Netherlands, but proportionally even greater in the East Indies. Permitting mixed-race members in the party, it established integrated branches in the colonies where it became the largest political party. An inclusive culturalist notion of Dietsland was central to the party’s international vision and plans for a future fascist Imperium. It took a broadly positive stance towards the colonial administration, pointing to it as a model of fascist rule. This international Dutch fascism was underpinned by a transnational network of members and colonial administrators and army veterans which moved around the Dutch empire. This had a real impact on the development of party ideology, as leaders had to reckon with the influence of the transnational fascist network. However, ultimately metropolitan chauvinism and white supremacism determined the ultimate failure of Dutch fascism in the Indies and the hollowness of the Dietsland myth.
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Goss, Andrew. "Decent colonialism? Pure science and colonial ideology in the Netherlands East Indies, 1910–1929." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 40, no. 1 (January 7, 2009): 187–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002246340900006x.
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This article examines changes within the Dutch civilising mission ideology after the decline of the Ethical Policy. Support of pure science, scientific knowledge that supposedly transcended ideology and politics, allowed the colonial administration to continue to project their rule as decent and moral, even as conflict and repression dominated colonial politics in the 1920s. The argument starts with the construction of pure science after 1910, under the care of J.C. Koningsberger, out of the research traditions at the Department of Agriculture. It next examines the creation of institutions and agendas of pure science. And finally it analyses the absorption of pure science into the civilising mission of the 1920s. It concludes with a discussion of what this means for historical evaluations of the Dutch colonial project.
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Wesseling, H. L. "IV. British and Dutch Imperialism: A Comparison." Itinerario 13, no. 1 (March 1989): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300004150.
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The words that serve as a motto for this paper are taken from the finest novel about Dutch fin de siècle society and indeed, in my opinion, the finest novel in Dutch literature, Louis Couperus' De Boeken der Kleine Zielen (The Books of the Small Souls). They form part of a dialogue between the widow of a former Governor-General of the Netherlands Indies and her, obviously, very dis-appointed grandson, a young colonial civil servant in the beginning of his career.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 161, no. 1 (2005): 143–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003718.
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-Monika Arnez, Niels Mulder, Southeast Asian images; Towards civil society? Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books, 2003, ix + 253 pp. -Adriaan Bedner, Connie Carter, Eyes on the prize; Law and economic development in Singapore. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, xviii + 307 pp. [The London-Leiden series on law, administration and development 7.] -Amrit Gomperts, J.R. van Diessen ,Grote atlas van Nederlands Oost-Indië/Comprehensive atlas of the Netherlands East Indies. Zierikzee: Asia Maior, Utrecht: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap (KNAG), 2004, 480 pp. (editors, with the collaboration of R.C.M. Braam, W. Leijnse, P.A. Levi, J.J. Reijnders, R.P.G.A. Voskuil and M.P.B. Ziellemans), F.J. Ormeling (eds) -Stuart R. Harrop, Adriaan Bedner ,Towards integrated environmental law in Indonesia? Leiden: Research school CNWS, School of Asian, African and Amerindian studies, 2003, 161 pp. [CNWS publications 127.], Nicole Niessen (eds) -David Henley, Paul H. Kratoska ,Locating Southeast Asia: Geographies of knowledge and politics of space. Singapore: Singapore University Press, 2005, xi + 326 pp., Remco Raben, Henk Schulte Nordholt (eds) -Gerry van Klinken, Anthony J. Langlois, The politics of justice and human rights; Southeast Asia and universalist theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001, xi + 214 pp. [Cambridge Asia-Pacific studies.] -Koh Keng We, Jurrien van Goor, Prelude to colonialism; The Dutch in Asia. Hilversum: Verloren, 2004, 127 pp. -Lim Beng Soon, Thomas H. Slone, Prokem; An analysis of a Jakartan slang. Oakland: Masalai Press, 2003, 95 pp. -Lim Beng Soon, Neil Khor Jin Keong ,The Penang Po Leung Kuk; Chinese women, prostitution and a welfare organisation. Kuala Lumpur; The Malaysian branch of the Royal Asiatic society (MBRAS), 2004, VII + 181 pp., Khoo Keat Siew (eds) -Dick van der Meij, J. Thomas Lindblad ,Macht en majesteit; Opstellen voor Cees Fasseur bij zijn afscheid als hoogleraar in de geschiedenis van Indonesië aan de Universiteit Leiden. Leiden: Opleiding Talen en Culturen van Zuidoost-Azië en Oceanië, Universiteit Leiden, 2002, xviii + 328 pp. [Semaian 22.], Willem van der Molen (eds) -Dick van der Meij, Renato Rosaldo, Cultural citizenship in island Southeast Asia; Nation and belonging in the hinterlands. Berkeley CA: University of California Press, 2003, x + 228 pp. -Lisa Migo, Sjoerd R. Jaarsma, Handle with care; Ownership and control of ethnographic materials. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2002, x + 264 pp. [ASAO monograph series 20.] -Jonathan H. Ping, Priyambudi Sulistiyanto, Thailand, Indonesia and Burma in comparative perspective. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2002, xiv + 308 pp. [The international political economy of new regionalisms series.] -Anthony L. Smith, Amitav Acharya, Constructing a security community in Southeast Asia; ASEAN and the problem of regional order. London: Routledge, 2001, xx + 234 pp. -Achmad Sunjayadi, Elsbeth Locher-Scholten ,Hof en handel; Aziatische vorsten en de VOC 1620-1720. Leiden: KITLV Uitgeverij, 2004, x + 350 pp. [Verhandelingen 223.], Peter Rietbergen (eds) -Gerard Termorshuizen, Marieke Bloembergen, De koloniale vertoning; Nederland en Indië op de wereldtentoonstellingen (1880-1931). Amsterdam: Wereld-bibliotheek, 2002, 463 pp.''Koloniale inspiratie; Frankrijk, Nederland, Indië en de wereldtentoonstellingen 1883-1931. Leiden: KITLV Uitgeverij, 2004, 256 pp. -Jojanneke van der Toorn, Philip Taylor, Goddess on the rise; Pilgrimage and popular religion in Vietnam. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2004, x + 332 pp. -Holger Warnk, Azyumardi Azra, The origins of Islamic reformism in Southeast Asia; Networks of Malay-Indonesian and Middle Eastern 'ulama' in the seventeenth and eighteenth century. Leiden: KITLV Press, 2004, ix + 253 pp. -Robert Wessing, Gregory Forth, Beneath the volcano; Religion, cosmology and spirit classification among the Nage of eastern Indonesia. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1998, xi + 369 pp. [Verhandelingen 117.] -Edwin Wieringa, Dauril Alden, Charles R. Boxer; An uncommon life: soldier, historian, teacher, collector, traveller. Lisboa: Fundacão Oriente, 2001, 616 pp. (author assisted by James S. Cummins and Michael Cooper)
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Farram, Steven. "Usi Lan Ai: the raja who died by fire. The death of Raja Bil Nope in Netherlands Timor, 1910." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 165, no. 2-3 (2009): 191–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003634.
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In the early twentieth century the Dutch in the Netherlands Indies began a concerted effort to confirm their authority throughout the archipelago. This policy had dire consequences for some indigenous rulers in Netherlands Timor, whose kingdoms were virtually destroyed. Other rulers felt that by allying themselves with the Dutch they could strengthen their position and rid themselves of rivals. This was the case with the ruler of Amanuban, Raja Bil Nope, who invited the Dutch into his kingdom in 1906. By 1910, however, Bil Nope was totally disenchanted with the Dutch administration and rose in revolt. Nope and a small band of followers later died during a siege of his palace. There are a number of unexplained matters concerning the revolt and death of Bil Nope and the paper concludes with some conjecture that the whole affair was subject to a cover-up by the Dutch authorities.
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Fasseur, C. "A Passage to Indonesia." Itinerario 19, no. 2 (July 1995): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300006793.
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A long story could be told about the educational institutions where young Dutchmen were trained for an administrative and legal career in the Indies. This educational process started with the foundation of the Javanese Institute (Instituut voor dejavaanse taal) in Surakarta in 1832. Ten years later this institute was closed and the training of Dutch civil servants was transferred to the city of Delft in the Netherlands. A Royal Academy for Engineers has been established in that town and was subsequently made subservient to this overseas task too. The study of language at an engineering academy reads strangely but was done for reasons of economy. In the words of the Minister of the Colonies (J.C. Baud) who was responsible for this decision: the arid and unpleasant study of Oriental languages could better be accomplished in a cold climate than in the hot climate of Java which was not at all conducive to hard work and study! In 1864 the instruction of civil servants for Indonesia was transferred to a state institution in Leiden (Rijks-instelling van onderwijs in Indische taal-, land- en volkenkunde). But the municipal authorities of Delft were unwilling to lose the young hopefuls for the Indies and their wealthy parents, many of them with a colonial background themselves, who, for the sake of the education of their children, had taken domicile in Delft after their retirement. In the same year 1864 the municipal council of Delft established a local Indies Institute (Indische Instelling) of its own that turned out much more successful than the Leiden state institute which soon disappeared. On the other hand, the training of Indies lawyers and judges became a firm monopoly of Leiden University after the passing of a new law on Dutch universities in 1876.
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Raadschelders, Jos, and Frits M. Van der Meer. "Administrative elites in the Netherlands from 1980 to 2011: making the invisible visible." International Review of Administrative Sciences 80, no. 4 (November 4, 2014): 726–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852314533454.
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The Dutch top civil service level has seldom been described in ‘elitist’ terms; befitting a country with a strong egalitarian social culture. Though formally open to outside recruitment, in practice the (top) civil service in central government is a rather closed system. There is relatively little occupational mobility between these civil servants and political officeholders, and virtually none between the public and the private sectors. However, some initiatives have recently been taken to improve this external mobility. New Public Management has had little impact upon the structure and functioning of the Dutch administrative elites. More important for the positioning and functioning of these civil servants has been the creation of the Senior Executive Service, and, within the SES, the top management group. By creating this career system at the very top of the civil service at the central level, the elite nature of the top civil servants has been reinforced. Points for practitioners The structure and functioning of the Dutch civil service has not been influenced by New Public Management (NPM). The rotation of positions at the top, through the Senior Public Service, is mainly inspired by the effort to decrease the compartmentalization of government departments. What has changed is the environment in which higher civil servants work, with Parliament, media and citizens demanding fast and tangible results.
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Groesen, Michiel van. "The Anglo-Dutch lake? Johannes de Laet and the ideological origins of the Dutch and English West Indies." International Journal of Maritime History 34, no. 4 (November 2022): 561–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08438714221142258.
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This article explores the intellectual origins of the Anglo-Dutch Caribbean by focusing on the Leiden humanist Johannes de Laet (1581–1649). De Laet, born in the Southern Netherlands, had strong religious and kinship ties to the London merchant community. In the early 1620s, when he became one of the founding directors of the Dutch West India Company, his extensive intelligence network enabled him to develop into the leading chronicler of Dutch ambitions and achievements in the Atlantic world. De Laet's two main publications are contemporary masterpieces, but they are surprisingly underrepresented in current scholarship in Atlantic history, even though they are at the roots of the sugar and slave societies that the English established on Barbados and across the Caribbean from the 1640s onwards. English diplomats and intellectuals recognized the significance of De Laet's ideas. In September 1641, on the eve of the Civil War, Parliament invited the Leiden humanist to Westminster to instruct them in matters of trade and colonisation in the Western hemisphere.
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van Rhee, C. H., and Louis Sicking. "Geen leven na Oxford? Rechtshistorici uit de Lage Landen (16)." Pro Memorie 23, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/pm2021.2.002.rhee.
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Abstract Apart from details about youth and family, the focus of this interview with Boudewijn Sirks is on his academic career. After studying law, theology and philosophy, he graduated with a DPhil on an aspect of Roman administrative law. He then specialised in Roman law in all its aspects and in almost all of its periods of application. An extension of this led him to research further in the legal history of the Dutch East Indies. Having worked at the Universities of Utrecht, Amsterdam and Leiden, he became Professor at the J.W. Goethe University in Frankfurt for private law and legal history, then Regius Professor of Civil Law in the University of Oxford, where he is still Fellow of All Souls College. The interview deals with the differences between legal educations in the Netherlands, Germany and England and with his views concerning the methodology of legal history.
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Yang, Lijing. "Worlds Apart? Worlds Aligned? The Perceptions and Prioritizations of Civil Servant Values Among Civil Servants From China and The Netherlands." International Journal of Public Administration 39, no. 1 (December 17, 2015): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1053614.
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Hägerdal, Hans. "The Native as Exemplum: Missionary Writings and Colonial Complexities in Eastern Indonesia, 1819–1860." Itinerario 37, no. 2 (August 2013): 73–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115313000478.
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In the year 1819, three years after the British return of the East Indies to the Netherlands, a young man of twenty arrived to Kupang, a port on the coast of West Timor. Kupang was by no means a large place but it was the centre of Dutch colonial power over this part of Indonesia, and its administration monitored the various islands that the Netherlands laid claim to: Solor, Alor, Rote, Savu, and others. This task was made the more difficult since some of these places were also claimed by Portugal, which maintained a colonial governor in Dili, in the eastern part of Timor. The last serious conflict between the two colonial powers had occurred the previous year when the little harbour Atapupu was forcibly occupied by the Dutch resident. The tempests of the Age of Napoleon had been severely felt in Timor, whose inhabitants were located at the extremities of the colonial claims of the warring parties. Britons, Dutchmen, and Portuguese had fought or intrigued for the resources of an island that was neither the richest nor the most accessible in the island world of Southeast Asia—rather the opposite.The name of the young man was Reint Le Bruyn. Born in Zutphen, Le Bruyn had spent his early years as a child labourer in a textile factory. Coming from relatively destitute conditions, he had nevertheless picked up some education, and in 1818 he signed up for the Nederlandsch Zendeling-Genootschap (NZG), the Dutch Missionary Society. This society, the first among about fifteen to concentrate on the East Indies, had been established in 1797 by a missionary who later worked in South Africa. It was modelled on the London Missionary Society which was founded two years earlier. Societies of this kind emerged as part of the wave of rising interest in undertaking missionary activity in non-Western societies, which, interestingly, coincided with the questioning of traditional clerical hierarchy after the outbreak of the French Revolution. Biographical sketches of Le Bruyn's life have typically pointed to his Christian devotion to explain his career choice. However, it could also have been a way for poor men of ability to engage in work that provided a degree of professional recognition that they could not have hoped for at home. Missionaries received scant preparation for their task in Rotterdam; they had little knowledge of the societies that awaited them, and they only learned any substantial Malay, the main language of communication, on arrival in the Indies. Le Bruyn successfully overcame these obstacles and had an eventful career on Timor for the next ten years, to the extent that posterity hailed him as the true pioneer of the Protestant mission in these waters.
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van Eeten, Michel J. G. "Recasting Intractable Policy Issues: The Wider Implications of The Netherlands Civil Aviation Controversy." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 20, no. 3 (2001): 391–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.1000.
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Groeneveld, Sandra. "Careers in the Dutch civil service: a gender perspective." International Review of Administrative Sciences 75, no. 3 (September 2009): 493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852309337685.
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This article focuses upon gender differences in the satisfaction with career opportunities of civil servants in the Netherlands. Women have become better represented at all levels in the Dutch civil service in recent years, but they are still underrepresented in the higher level positions. Nevertheless, women are slightly more satisfied with their career opportunities than men are and they seem to be increasingly so. Their relatively positive evaluation of extrinsic aspects of their work situation is one of the explanations of this finding, as is their higher intrinsic work motivation compared to that of men. It is suggested that the career orientations and aspirations of women better fit the changing context of career formation in the Dutch civil service and the accompanying new psychological contract. Points for practitioners The Dutch civil service has set ambitious targets with respect to the representation of women at all levels in the service, but insight into the determinants of women’s careers in the public sector is still very scarce. The findings in this article show that there are gender differences in the weighting of intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of the work in evaluating one’s career opportunities. Besides, the article may assist human resource management practitioners in anticipating the impact of changing career trajectories on the career satisfaction of male and female civil servants.
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Bourgault, Jacques, and Karolien Van Dorpe. "Managerial reforms, Public Service Bargains and top civil servant identity." International Review of Administrative Sciences 79, no. 1 (March 2013): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852312467739.
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In the past couple of decades, a wide range of managerial reforms have been witnessed in many OECD countries. These reforms may have significantly affected the identity of top civil servants. This change in identity may, in turn, have an impact on the performance of top officials, their roles, their views, their relations with political personnel and their expected competencies. Within a sample of countries (Belgium, Canada, Denmark, and the Netherlands) we explore these reforms, the changes that have occurred in top officials’ identity (personal, role and social) with document analysis and a series of interviews. We conclude that in all cases, regardless of the goals or the intensity of the reforms, there is now more individualization, more mobility, fixed-term contracts and more accountability. We did not find a full-blown managerial or any unambiguous evolution towards a pure managerial identity. Points for practitioners Managerial reforms certainly affect the relationships between politicians and top civil servants. Role perceptions of top civil servants are, depending on the context, more resistant to change than expected. Despite the omnipresent managerial discourse, the role of policy advisor remains very important. Corporate management designs tend to facilitate corporate identification, the type of employment relationship, contract and level of goals, thus affecting the social identity of top civil servants.
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Blijleven, Wieke, and Merlijn van Hulst. "How Do Frontline Civil Servants Engage the Public? Practices, Embedded Agency, and Bricolage." American Review of Public Administration 51, no. 4 (January 9, 2021): 278–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074020983805.
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Civil servants in local government are increasingly expected to engage and collaborate with citizens and stakeholders. This article takes a practice approach to develop a generic picture of everyday work at the front lines of public engagement, highlighting the relational and improvisational aspects of that work that, to date, have remained understudied. Our data and analyses build on the existing literature and contribute to it by describing five specific practices of civil servants. Based on our in-depth interviews with 45 frontline civil servants in the Netherlands, we found that civil servants try to bring together a range of different interests, values, perspectives, and resources by understanding the situation, building rapport and trust, developing shared resolutions, aligning processes “outside” and “inside” city hall, and supporting practically. Furthermore, we substantiate the idea that the practices of frontline workers entail embedded agency, which we specifically label as bricolage. We demonstrate how agency is constrained and enabled by the local bureaucracy and its policies, and that civil servants seek alignment possibilities and resolutions.
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Hansen, Morten Balle, Trui Steen, and Marsha de Jong. "New Public Management, Public Service Bargains and the challenges of interdepartmental coordination: a comparative analysis of top civil servants in state administration." International Review of Administrative Sciences 79, no. 1 (March 2013): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852312467550.
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In this article we are interested in how the coordinating role of top civil servants is related to the argument that country-level differences in the adoption of New Public Management significantly alter the Public Service Bargains of top civil servants and consequently their capacity to accomplish interdepartmental coordination. A managerial PSB limits top civil servants’ role in interdepartmental coordination, as their focus will be on achieving goals set for their specific departments, rather than for the central government as a collective. We test our argument with empirical insights from a comparative analysis of five countries: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. We find that our argument is only partly valid and discuss the theoretical and empirical implications of the analysis. Points for practitioners Alongside the introduction of New Public Management, the relationships between ministers and their top civil servants in state administration have evolved. At the same time, societal issues are getting more complex and demand a holistic, cross-sector approach. The concept of a managerial Public Service Bargain is used to analyze changes in top civil servants’ role and the impact of reforms on the capacity of top civil servants to accomplish interdepartmental coordination. Practitioners can learn more about the close link between challenges for interdepartmental coordination and changes in the role and functioning of top civil servants.
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WHITE, NICHOLAS J. "Surviving Sukarno: British Business in Post-Colonial Indonesia, 1950–1967." Modern Asian Studies 46, no. 5 (November 18, 2011): 1277–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000709.
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AbstractDrawing principally upon a rich vein of previously unexploited business records, this paper analyses the experience of British firms in Indonesia between the achievement of independence and the beginnings of the Suharto regime. As in The Netherlands East Indies, British enterprises occupied a significant position in post-colonial Indonesia in plantations, oil extraction, shipping, banking, the import-export trade, and manufacturing. After the nationalization of Dutch businesses from the end of 1957, Britain emerged as the leading investing power in the archipelago alongside the United States. However, during Indonesia's Confrontation with British-backed Malaysia (1963–1966), most UK-owned companies in the islands were subject to a series of torrid (albeit temporary) takeovers by the trade unions and subsequently various government authorities. Most of these investments were returned to British ownership under Suharto after 1967. But, in surviving the Sukarno era, British firms had endured 15 years of increasing inconvenience and insecurity trapped in a power struggle within Indonesia's perplexing plural polity (and particularly between the Communist Party and the military). Indeed, the Konfrontasi takeovers themselves, varying in intensity from region to region and from firm to firm, were indicative of deep fissures within Indonesian administration and politics. The unpredictable and unsettled political economy of post-colonial Indonesia meant that the balance of advantage lay not with transnational enterprise but with the host state and society.
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CANNAS, FRANCESCO. "The fictions of corporate taxation and three ideas to make it fit for the challenges of the digital era." Public Administration 23, no. 3 (2021): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2070-8378-2021-23-3-39-40.
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During the International Conference organized by the Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, the author presented a research project he was carrying out and presenting at several international institutions (among others, the University of Leiden, in the Netherlands, and the Lomonosov State University, also in the Russian Federation). The work is still in progress and is expected to be completed not earlier than 2022, in the form of one or more publishable articles. The presented article is brief report on the presentation held. Firstly, the author discusses the reasons why the solution to the taxation problems does not lie so much in redesigning the allocation rules and adopting new anti-avoidance measures in corporate income taxes. In a second part, the author argues that solutions may arise from reforming existing indirect taxes, based on the production, sale, use or ownership of goods and services and explores the possibilities to solve the current corporate taxation problems.
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Janse, Maartje, and Anne-Lot Hoek. "Dissenting Voices: Challenging the Colonial System." Bridging Humanities 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25425099-00102001.
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This publication emerges from a process of co-creation in which historian Maartje Janse and research journalist Anne-Lot Hoek challenge the dominant national narrative about the colonial experience in the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia). In combining journalistic and academic writing with musical performance by musician Ernst Jansz they amplify the critical voices that have spoken out against colonial injustice and that have long been ignored in public and academic debate. Even though it is often suggested that the mindset of people in the past prevented them from seeing what was wrong with things we now find highly problematic, they argue that there was indeed a tradition of colonial criticism in the Netherlands, one that included the voices of many ‘forgotten critics’ whose lives and criticism are the subject of this publication. The voices however were for a long time overlooked by Dutch historians. The publication is organized around the biographies of several critics (whose lives Janse and Hoek have published on before), the historical debate afterwards and includes reflective videos and texts on the process of co-creation.Maartje Janse started the process by tracing the life history of an outspoken nineteenth-century critic of the colonial system in the Dutch East Indies, Willem Bosch. The authors argue that it was not self-evident how criticism of colonial injustices should be voiced and that Bosch experimented with different methods, including organizing one of the first Dutch pressure groups.The story of Willem Bosch inspired Ernst Jansz, a Dutch musician with Indo roots, to compose a song (‘De ballade van Sarina en Kromo’). It is an interpretation of an old Malaysian ‘krontjong’ song, that Jansz transformed into a protest song that reminds its listeners of protest songs of the 1960s and 1970s. Jansz, in his lyrics, adds an indigenous perspective to this project. He performed the song during the Voice4Thought festival in 2016, a gathering that aimed to reflect upon migration and mobility in current times. Filmmaker Sjoerd Sijsma made a video ‘pamplet’ in which the performance of Ernst Jansz, an interview with Maartje Janse, and historical images from the colonial period have been combined.Anne-Lot Hoek connected Willem Bosch to a series of twentieth-century anti-colonial critics such as Dutch Indies civil servant Siebe Lijftogt, Indonesian nationalists Sutan Sjahrir, Rachmad Koesoemobroto, Dutch writer Rudy Kousbroek and Indonesian activist Jeffry Pondaag. She argues that dissenting voices have been underrepresented in the post-war debates on colonialism and its legacy for decades, and that one of the main reasons is that the notion of the objective historian was not effectively problematized for a long time.http://dissentingvoices.bridginghumanities.com/
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Schillemans, Thomas, Rune Karlsen, and Kristoffer Kolltveit. "Why do civil servants experience media-stress differently and what can be done about it?" Policy & Politics 47, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 599–620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/030557319x15613701092525.
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Pressure from the media affects the daily work of bureaucrats and induces ‘media stress’, with potentially critical effects on the quality of public policy. This article analyses how bureaucrats’ daily work has been adapted to the media (‘mediatised’) and which groups of bureaucrats experience the most media-stress. Reporting the results of an original and large-scale survey (N=4,655) this article demonstrates that levels of media-stress vary among different groups of civil servants. In turn, its analysis suggests that media-stress is more pronounced in the Netherlands than in Norway, is more concentrated in the lower rungs of administrative hierarchies and is related to media pressures on organisations. By untangling the underlying logic of mediatisation and the dynamics of media-stress, this article makes an important contribution to extant scholarship and also provides a series of practical recommendations.
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Siregar, Parlindungan. "Perjuangan Rakyat Banten Melawan Belanda: Studi Tentang K.H. Wasyid." Buletin Al-Turas 23, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/bat.v23i1.4801.
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Abstract The Dutch administration took-over VOC in 1799 following its collaps and bangkrupt. Since, there were many government policies to the people of Netherlands Indies caused greater challenges form the people by making against and rebellions. These against and rebellions had started from the beginning of nineteen century to the end, i.e. the revolt of the Banten peasent in Cilegon 1888 under K.H. Wasyid command. This study focused on how K.H. Wasyid made contact with the other religious leaders; like kiai, ustadz, sufi teacher, and with other informal leader like Jawara to involve and joint the action of against and rebellion faced the government. And how he made planning and preparation. The other question which is to be answered related to why his call very interesting for them whereas he was not a military background. This study also to know what was the matter in this rebellion, before, and after. Academicaly, the role of K.H. Wasyid was not elaborated by scholars yet although this rebellion was precepted seriously by the Dutch Administration and commented by many professors.---Abstrak Pemerintah konial Belanda mengambil-alih VOC pada tahun 1799 sebab korupsi dan bangkrut. Sejak itu, banyak kebijakan pemerinah yang diambil berimplikasi sangat. Akhirnya mereka melakukan perlawanan dan pemberontakan terhadap pemerintah yang dimulai sejak awal abad XIX hingga pemberontakan Cilegon 1888 yang dipimpin KH. Wasyid. Studi tentang ini fokus pada bagaimana KH. Wasyid melakukan kontak dengan pemimpin-pemimpin agama lainnya seperti Kiai, Ustadz, dan guru sufi agar terlibat dan ikut aksi perlawanan dan bagaimana beliau membuat perencanaan dan persiapan. Pertanyaan berikutnya adalah mengapa ajakan KH. Wasid menarik padahal beliau tidak terlatih dalam militer. Riset ini juga penting untuk mengetahui apa yang terjadi dalam peristiwa ini dan sesudahnya. Peran KH. Wasyid belum dielaborasi secara akademik oleh para sarjana padahal pemberontakan ini dianggap serius oleh pemerintah kolonial bahkan banyak guru besar yang mengomentari peristiwa ini.DOI: 10.15408/al-turas.v23i1.4801
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Hondeghem, Annie, and Karolien Van Dorpe. "Performance management systems for senior civil servants: how strong is the managerial public service bargain?" International Review of Administrative Sciences 79, no. 1 (March 2013): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852312467549.
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During the past couple of decades we have witnessed important reforms in the public sector in OECD countries. Various forms of performance management systems have been introduced. This had an impact on the role and position of senior civil servants. The traditional public service bargain (PSB) came under pressure and was replaced by – at least partially – a managerial PSB. This article looks at the performance management systems that have been introduced for senior civil servants in five countries (Canada, the UK, the Netherlands, Denmark, and Belgium) and their impact on the managerial PSB. When there is strong result-based control in the different phases of the performance management cycle, we assume a strong managerial PSB. The finding is that the Anglo-Saxon countries have stronger result-based control systems than the European continental countries. Therefore we conclude that in the former countries the managerial PSBs are stronger than in the latter countries. Points for practitioners Performance management systems for senior civil servants show a different degree of result-based control. Following the four steps in a control process (plan, do, check, act) we can divide the performance management cycle into four phases: planning, monitoring, evaluation, and acting. When there is strong result-based control in each stage, we can speak of a strong managerial public service bargain (PSB). When there is moderate or weak result-based control, there is a moderate or weak managerial PSB, respectively. Each country can make its own choices regarding the performance management system for senior civil servants, but one must be aware that this has an impact on political-administrative relations.
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Vermeer, Paul, and Peer Scheepers. "Bonding or Bridging? Volunteering Among the Members of Six Thriving Evangelical Congregations in the Netherlands." VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 30, no. 5 (September 12, 2019): 962–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11266-019-00160-1.
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Abstract The rise of conservative religion in the West threatens the enduring positive contribution of religion to civil society, if conservative churches, as often assumed, indeed generate more bonding than bridging social capital. Against this background, this study explores the civic engagement of evangelicals in the Netherlands. Two research questions are addressed: (1) To what extent are Dutch evangelicals more involved in religious than non-religious volunteering as compared to mainline Christians and non-church members? and (2) Which decisive factors determine the religious and non-religious volunteering of Dutch evangelicals as compared to mainline Christians and non-church members? Results show that these orthodox Christians are more involved in religious than in non-religious volunteering. Their religious volunteering is determined by their church attendance, Bible reading and social embeddedness in their congregation, while their non-religious volunteering is impeded by their mono-religious orientation and social embeddedness in their congregation and by the volunteering of their parents.
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Denters, Bas. "Size and Political Trust: Evidence from Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, and the United Kingdom." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 20, no. 6 (December 2002): 793–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0225.
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This paper deals with two questions on the relations between the size of political systems and political trust. First, does citizens' trust in national elected officials differ from their trust in local elected officials? Second, what is the relationship between citizens' trust in elected local government officials and the size of local government units? These questions were answered on the basis of survey data from Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway and the United Kingdom. We found that trust in local officeholders is typically and often considerably higher than trust in national politicians. Moreover, the evidence from these four countries suggests that size of municipality has a modest negative effect on political trust. Further evidence suggests that this negative effect is the result of a tendency of citizens in small municipalities to be more satisfied with their local government than residents in large units. This further evidence also shows that whatever its origins (intensive personal relations or a dense network of civil organisations) social trust is not vital for an adequate understanding of political trust.
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Budi Priambodo, Bono. "Positioning Adat Law in the Indonesia’s Legal System: Historical Discourse and Current Development on Customary Law." Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 2, no. 2 (July 31, 2018): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ujlc.2018.v02.i02.p02.
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Adat law has been narrowly understood, mainly as part of private law, in the curricula of Indonesian law schools. This is in contrary to the original intent of adat law, both as an academic and policy discourse, at the first place, which was as an attempt to develop a legal system that is suitable to govern the Netherlands East Indies (NEI) for preventing violation against the indigenous sense of justice. This article seeks to clarify the actual purpose of Adat Law, as it conceived, in the living of traditional community and the relation between adat law and Indonesian state law following the Indonesian independence. Subsequently, this article would explore how constitutional law and administrative laws (staatsrecht) would place “Adat law” under the Indonesian legal system that might be well claimed as an autochthonous law of Indonesia. It is a legal writing that uses historical, statutory, and case approaches. It has been found out that Adat Law scholarship had a pragmatic purpose i.e. to administer justice and govern the NEI colony that reflects a characteristic of public law. The later development showed that the law has shifted its focus into private law fields such as the law of persons, marriage and family laws, property and inheritance laws. Such shifting leads Adat law into an obscured relation between Adat Law and public laws in the era of the post-independence of Indonesia. It can be concluded that under historical inquiry, the Basic Law of 1945 (Indonesian Constitution) has strongly inspired by Adat Law. The same goes for administrative law, which in this case is represented by BAL that governs not only land administration but all kinds of natural resources in Indonesia until nowadays.
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Apriyanti dan Reiza D. Dienaputra, Eka. "PEMERINTAHAN MARGA DI LUBUKLINGGAU TAHUN 1855-1983." Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya 7, no. 2 (June 2, 2015): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v7i2.95.
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AbstrakSistem Pemerintahan Marga di Lubuklinggau berlangsung sejak tahun 1855 pada masa Pemerintahan Hindia Belanda. Tahun 1983 sistem Pemerintahan Marga di Lubuklinggau berakhir berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Gubernur Daerah Tingkat I Sumatera Selatan Nomor: 142 tahun 1983. Pemerintahan Marga pertama kali dikenal dalam wilayah Kesultanan Palembang Tahun 1662-1706. Marga dibentuk pada umumnya di daerah pedalaman, yang berada di hulu sungai. Tujuannya untuk memudahkan pengaturan wilayah kesultanan yang luas. Setiap Marga dipimpin oleh seorang kepala Marga yang disebut Depati/Pesirah. Sistem Pemerintahan Marga berlangsung hingga Masa Kemerdekaan. Sumber informasi mengenai pemerintahan Marga antara lain Piagam dari Sultan Palembang untuk Kiai Ario dari IPIL (Sekayu), stempel cap Marga Suku Tengah Kepungut Moesi Oloe di Lubuk Besar tahun 1856, dan Piagam Moeara Katie Marga Suku Tengah Tiang Poeng-poeng Afdeeling Moesi Oloe tahun 1866. Untuk menjelaskan sistem Pemerintahan Marga yang berlangsung cukup lama di Lubuklinggau kajian ini menggunakan metode sejarah. Interpretasi diperkuat dengan menggunakan konsep dan teori dari ilmu sosiologi, antropologi, dan ilmu politik. Kajian meliputi tiga hal, yaitu lahirnya pemerintahan Marga, hukum dalam pemerintahan Marga, dan pemerintahan Marga di Lubuklinggau. AbstractThe Clan Government administration systemof Lubuklingau had been role since 1855 in the Government of the Netherlands East Indies. It ended in 1983 by the Decree of the Governor of South Sumatra Level Region Number: 142 year 1983. The Clan Government Administration was known firstly in the Sultanate of Palembang Year 1662-1706. Margaor clan was formed generally in rural areas, which was closed to the river. The aim was to facilitate the controlling of the sultanate vast territory. Each of the clan was led by a head of Margawhich was called Depati / Pesirah. This system lasted until the Independence Period. The information sources about the government of clans can be seen from the Charter of the Sultan of Palembang to Kiai Ario of IPIL (Sekayu), stamp of the clans of Middle Kepungut Moesi Oloe in Lubuk Besar in 1856, and the Charter of Moeara Katie Middle Pillar Poeng-Poeng Afdeeling Moesi Oloe clan in 1866 . To explain the government system of Lubuklingau clan in this research,the researcher used the historical method. The Interpretation is reinforced by the use of concepts and theories of sociology, anthropology, and political science. The Studies cover three things; the birth of clan governance, rule of law within the clan, and the clan rule in Lubuklinggau.
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Yesilkagit, A. K., and J. de Vries. "The Unanticipated Consequences of Decentralization and Reinvention: The Case of the Province of South Holland." International Review of Administrative Sciences 68, no. 4 (December 2002): 579–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852302684005.
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Two developments flowing from the institutional reforms in The Netherlands of the 1980s currently form ‘the usual suspects’ in a series of scandals or instances of public arousal within the public sector. The first factor is the large-scale decentralization of tasks from central government to provincial and municipal authorities. Initiated under the name of democratization and efficiency this decentralization programme was part of a large package of operations, including deconcentration, deregulation, privatization, and reconsideration, that were to to slim down central government in terms of personnel, tasks and organization. Second, managerialism, i.e. the adoption of business management ideas and concepts by public administrators, entered Dutch public service vocabulary during the second half of the 1980s. Managerialism did not limit itself only to central government agencies but also — and perhaps more succinctly — found openings in provincial and municipal authorities, mainly as a fierce reaction against the ‘bureaucratism’ of daily administrative practice to counter the relative deprivation perceived by civil servants in relation to their private sector counterparts. This article shows that the decentralization of financial management and the emergence of ‘reinvention’ ideas have had autonomous but drastic effects. While the former blinded central government and provincial controllers, the latter legitimized practices that even under a private sector regime would have been deemed improbable.
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Carey, Peter, and Christopher Reinhart. "British Naval Power and its Influence on Indonesia, 1795–1942: An Historical Analysis." Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration 5, no. 1 (August 21, 2021): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmsni.v5i1.9343.
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In Indonesian history, Britain has never been considered a prominent player in the politics of the archipelago. From an Indonesian perspective, the British presence only lasted a brief five years (1811–1816) during short-lived interregnum regime led by Thomas Stamford Raffles (1781-1826). This began with the British seizure of Java from the Franco-Dutch administration of Marshal Daendels (1808-11) and his successor, General Janssens (May-September 1811), and ended with the formal return of the colony to the Netherlands on 19 August 1816. However, as this article demonstrates, Britain has had a long-lasting and decisive influence on modern Indonesian history, dating from the time when the archipelago entered the vortex of global conflict between Britain and Republican France in the 1790s. The presence of the British navy in Indonesian waters throughout the century and a half which followed Britain’s involvement in the War of the First Coalition (1792-97) dictated inter alia the foundation of new cities like Bandung which grew up along Daendels’ celebrated postweg (military postroad), the development of modern Javanese cartography, and even the fate of the exiled Java War leader, Prince Diponegoro. in distant Sulawesi (1830-55). This British naval presence had pluses and minuses for the Dutch. On the one hand, it was a guarantor of Dutch security from foreign seaborne invasion. On the other, it opened the possibility for British interference in the domestic politics of Holland’s vast Asian colony. As witnessed in the 20th-century, the existence of the Dutch as colonial masters in the Indonesian Archipelago was critically dependent on the naval defence screen provided by the British. When the British lost their major battleships (Prince of Wales and Repulse) to Japanese attack off the east coast of Malaya on 10 December 1941 and Singapore fell on 15 February 1942, the fate of the Dutch East Indies was sealed. Today, the vital role played by the Royal Navy in guaranteeing the archipelago’s security up to February 1942 has been replaced by that of the Honolulu-based US Seventh Fleet but the paradoxes of such protection have continued.
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Tomor, Zsuzsanna. "The Citipreneur." International Journal of Public Sector Management 32, no. 5 (July 8, 2019): 508–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-02-2018-0060.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of local entrepreneurs, embedded in both the civil and the business arena, in creating public value by establishing strategic collaboration around smart technologies. Design/methodology/approach The paper suggests a novel – the local entrepreneurial – type of smart bottom-up initiative between civil grassroots and market-based initiatives. This idea is further evolved in the paper to define the patterns of this alternative type of smart bottom-up initiative. For this purpose, the paper conducts a case study of a community-based sustainable energy and mobility system launched by a local entrepreneur in Utrecht, the Netherlands. Findings The local entrepreneur has played a catalyzing role in public value creation by initiating and upscaling cooperative practices around smart technologies. This success has mainly been achieved due to the entrepreneurial attitudes of pioneering and risk-taking as well as the capability to bridge between the state, the market and society to accelerate urban sustainability transition. Practical implications This paper offers a practical illustration of the potential of local entrepreneurs to evolve cooperative practices with smart technologies for societal change. It also shows the vital role of local governments in the achievement of bottom-up initiatives contributing to urban smartness. However, in the case of commercializing initiatives, governments also need to take a balancing role to safeguard the needs of all citizens based on fairness and equity, which is at the core of public value creation. Originality/value The study adds to the citizen participation literature by revealing a novel type of active citizen grasping technological opportunities to mobilize networks to cooperate for the collective good. The research also contributes to a better understanding of the bottom-up smart city as a form of governance, and its advantages as well as drawbacks concerning public value creation.
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Filipenko, A. S. "Experience in organizing the activities of law enforcement agencies in European countries." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 4 (April 28, 2022): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2021.04.36.
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The article considers foreign experience in organizing the activities of law enforcement agencies. It is determined that the field of law enforcement is constantly in a state of dynamic transformation and improvement, which to some extent reflects the direction of national legislation and policies.
It is also noted that according to modern requirements, maintaining the rule of law is one of the most important tasks of the state, so in organizing the work of law enforcement agencies, the implementation of international experience is one of the most important tasks of the rule of law. One of the current trends in the development of the legal system is its openness, which determines the possibility of using advanced foreign concepts to implement universally recognized international principles, norms and standards of human and civil rights and freedoms.It is emphasized that the following facts should be taken into account: historical traditions of legislation and law enforcement, features of socio-economic and cultural development of countries, general cultural and legal consciousness of the population, degree of interaction with government and civil society, features of national police, logistics. providing police and other important factors. International law enforcement standards have an important role to play in policing.It was found that abroad, as in Ukraine, law enforcement reform is part of administrative reform, and the direction of its implementation often depends on the overall objectives of public administration reform. The purpose of most reforms in foreign countries is to: increase the efficiency of national systems; transforming the country into a responsible employer capable of attracting a sufficient number of workers with the necessary qualifications, controlling the cost of their maintenance; increasing the confidence of the private sector and citizens in public institutions.Three models of internal security in European countries are considered: centralized or continental model (Norway, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Sweden, Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, Belgium, Holland, Luxembourg), decentralized model (Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Romania, Combino) (integrated) model (UK, Germany, Netherlands).
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Dandy, Alvin Try, Agus Suharjono Ekomadyo, and Hadi Jaya Putra. "PRODUKSI DAN KONSUMSI RUANG PARIWISATA MELALUI SWAFOTO INSTAGRAM. STUDI KASUS KOTA TUA JAKARTA." LANGKAU BETANG: JURNAL ARSITEKTUR 9, no. 2 (October 28, 2022): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/lantang.v9i2.53974.
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Kegiatan pariwisata menciptakan realitas paralel dalam ruang urban berupa ruang pariwisata. Dalam ruang pariwisata, elemen urban mengalami transformasi melalui tourist gaze. Kawasan Kota Tua Jakarta bertransformasi dari pusat administrasi VOC (Perusahaan Hindia Timur Belanda) menjadi kawasan wisata di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Bangunan-bangunan VOC berhenti menjadi objek arsitektur fungsional dan bertransformasi menjadi latar foto bagi wisatawan dalam suatu narasi pariwisata. Penelitian ini membahas produksi dan konsumsi ruang pariwisata di Kota Tua Jakarta melalui teknologi dan tourist gaze kontemporer, yaitu melalui selfie (swafoto) dan situs media sosial Instagram. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang meninjau deskripsi historis Kota Tua Jakarta dan swafoto turis Kota Tua Jakarta yang diunggah ke Instagram. Produksi ruang di Kota Tua Jakarta dibaca berdasarkan teori Lefebvre mengenai produksi ruang sosial dan konsep yang diajukan Farías dalam membingkai ruang urban menjadi ruang pariwisata. Kemudian, swafoto wisatawan dianalisis menggunakan qualitative content analysis untuk menemukan pola konsumsi ruang pariwisata Kota Tua Jakarta. Penelitian menemukan bahwa wisatawan hampir selalu tampil lebih dominan dibandingkan bangunan yang turut ditampilkan dalam swafoto. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa swafoto wisatawan membingkai dan mereduksi elemen urban Kota Tua Jakarta menjadi komoditas visual dalam sebuah ruang pariwisata. Penelitian ini diharapkan berkontribusi dalam diskusi mengenai kegiatan pariwisata kontemporer terkait tempat-tempat bersejarah. PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF TOURISM SPACE THROUGH INSTAGRAM SELFIES. A CASE STUDY OF KOTA TUA JAKARTATourist activities create destination space as a parallel reality in an urban space. In destination space, urban elements are transformed through the tourist gaze. Kota Tua Jakarta began as the administration center of VOC (Netherlands East Indies Company) and turned into a tourist destination in Jakarta Special Capital Region. VOC administrative buildings stopped serving their original functions and transformed into mere backgrounds for tourists’ selfies. This study aims to explore the production and consumption of the destination space in Kota Tua Jakarta in regard to technology and the contemporary tourist gaze (selfie and Instagram). This article is a descriptive qualitative study in which historical narratives of Kota Tua Jakarta and tourist selfies in Kota Tua Jakarta are analyzed. The production of space in Kota Tua Jakarta in this article follows Henri Lefebvre’s production of social space and the concept presented by Ignacio Farías in framing urban space into destination space. Tourist selfies in Kota Tua Jakarta are analyzed with qualitative content analysis to find the consumption pattern of the destination space. This study finds that tourists almost always dominate the selfie scene relative to the buildings in the photograph. The study concludes that tourist selfies frame and reduce the urban elements of Kota Tua Jakarta into mere visual commodities inside a destination space. This study will offer a perspective on the discourse of contemporary tourist practice regarding historical sites
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Partanen, Juha. "The merchant, the priest, and the humble engineer. Observations on the Rotterdam drug scene." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 14, no. 3 (June 1997): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507259701400307.
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The Dutch policy on drugs has often been criticized in other countries. It has been claimed that the Netherlands has given up the fight against drugs and does not fulfill its international responsibilities. The purpose of this article is to show that the drug problem is taken seriously in the Netherlands, and plenty of resources are used to deal with it. The Dutch view on the nature of the problem and appropriate ways to treat drug users, however, is different from what is common elsewhere. The object of the study is the drug scene and the administration of drug-related services in Rotterdam. The focus in this article is on the relationship between drug users and the drug control system. The study draws upon observations and documents, and numerous interviews with civil servants, treatment staff, and drug users during a three-week visit in Rotterdam. In Rotterdam there are separate markets for cannabis and hard drugs. About 150 cafes are permitted to sell cannabis products provided they follow the rules: no sales to minors under 18 years of age, no alcohol, no hard drugs, no advertising. Hard drugs are sold illegally in 300-400 apartments located in the older parts of the city. The number of hard drug users is estimated to be 2500 - 4000, and the majority of them are registered in the Rotterdam Drug Information System (RODIS), which makes them eligible to use the services provided by the city for addicted drug users, gamblers, and alcoholics. No legal sanctions relate to smoking of cannabis or to possession of small amounts, whereas large-scale trade, smuggling, and commercial cultivation are criminal activities. Neither is the use of hard drugs or possession for personal use criminalized. The core of the drug problem is seen to be on the one hand the nuisance caused by those addicted hard-drug users who resort to petty crime and threaten the safety of other people, leading to the deterioration of the urban environment, and on the other hand the threat to the economy and politics of the country created by criminal drug organizations. In dealing with drug-related nuisance the aim is harm reduction. The central idea is the normalization of the drug problem. This means that efforts are made to keep drug users in contact with society, instead of pushing them outside by pursuing repressive policies. The threshold to health and social services and to treatment is kept as low as possible. At the same time addicts are held responsible for their behavior, and they are required to follow the regulations of the institutions providing support and treatment. Decisions concerning drug policies in Rotterdam are made at the top level, by the mayor, the public prosecutor, and the chief of police. They are assisted by the aldermen responsible for health, social affairs, and public order, and by commissions set up by the city council. Two remarkable aspects of the administration of drug-related affairs are a close cooperation between health authorities and the police, and an emphasis on Japanese-style neighborhood policing. The support and treatment services for drug users are run by private foundations that are fully financed by the government and the city. The extent and the variety of available services is impressive, ranging from consultation bureaus and daycare centers to intensive care units and a methadone dispensing program for 1 200 daily customers. The extensive system of municipal services is supplemented by voluntary aid mainly provided by churches and religious organizations. The Dutch way of dealing with the drug problem thus combines tolerance for drug use with a comprehensive network of services for drug users and a strict and carefully designed administration. Such an approach derives from the traditions of governance and political culture in Dutch society. These are crystallized in three character masks: those of the pragmatic and prudent merchant who is more concerned with practical problems than lofty ideals, the charitable and paternalistic priest, and the humble engineer who in his age-long fight against floods has learned that nature can be controlled but never fully tamed.
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Cavallera, Vanessa, Gillian Lancaster, Melissa Gladstone, Maureen M. Black, Gareth McCray, Ambreen Nizar, Salahuddin Ahmed, et al. "Protocol for validation of the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) for children under 3 years of age in seven countries." BMJ Open 13, no. 1 (January 2023): e062562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062562.
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IntroductionChildren’s early development is affected by caregiving experiences, with lifelong health and well-being implications. Governments and civil societies need population-based measures to monitor children’s early development and ensure that children receive the care needed to thrive. To this end, the WHO developed the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) to measure children’s early development up to 3 years of age. The GSED includes three measures for population and programmatic level measurement: (1) short form (SF) (caregiver report), (2) long form (LF) (direct administration) and (3) psychosocial form (PF) (caregiver report). The primary aim of this protocol is to validate the GSED SF and LF. Secondary aims are to create preliminary reference scores for the GSED SF and LF, validate an adaptive testing algorithm and assess the feasibility and preliminary validity of the GSED PF.Methods and analysisWe will conduct the validation in seven countries (Bangladesh, Brazil, Côte d’Ivoire, Pakistan, The Netherlands, People's Republic of China, United Republic of Tanzania), varying in geography, language, culture and income through a 1-year prospective design, combining cross-sectional and longitudinal methods with 1248 children per site, stratified by age and sex. The GSED generates an innovative common metric (Developmental Score: D-score) using the Rasch model and a Development for Age Z-score (DAZ). We will evaluate six psychometric properties of the GSED SF and LF: concurrent validity, predictive validity at 6 months, convergent and discriminant validity, and test–retest and inter-rater reliability. We will evaluate measurement invariance by comparing differential item functioning and differential test functioning across sites.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received ethical approval from the WHO (protocol GSED validation 004583 20.04.2020) and approval in each site. Study results will be disseminated through webinars and publications from WHO, international organisations, academic journals and conference proceedings.Registration detailsOpen Science Frameworkhttps://osf.io/on 19 November 2021 (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/KX5T7; identifier: osf-registrations-kx5t7-v1).
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Samiilenko, Halyna. "ENSURING ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE COUNTRY ON THE BASIS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF WORLD ANTI-CORRUPTION MODELS AND DETERMINANTS OF THEIR FUNCTIONING." Problems and prospects of economics and management, no. 3(27) (2021): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5215-2021-3(27)-37-45.
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The article considers the concept of "corruption", the essence of which depends on the scope of its application. There is no single definition of this definition. The sources of corruption, the origins of domestic corruption actions have been studied and indicated, as well as such groups of causes of corruption as: political, economic, social, legal and organizational. It is established that corruption has a negative impact on the economic development of the country and contributes to the eco-nomic danger of the state. Two leading models of anti-corruption activities have been identified: Singaporean or Asian and Swedish or Scandinavian. The essence of the first is to implement a vertical strategy aimed at obtaining quick results, the result of which is not the complete elimination of corruption, but finding a level that is acceptable for both government and society. The second model is the application of a horizontal strategy aimed at the consistent implementation of anti-corruption activities based on anti-corruption incentives. The countries that use the first model primarily include: Singapore, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, the second is used by countries such as Sweden, Finland, Denmark, the Netherlands and others. The article examines the experience of these countries in implementing anti-corruption models, through which they managed to develop effective mechanisms to combat corruption, reduce its volume and establish control over the activities of officials, based on which they identified and studied the determinants used to prevent and overcoming corruption. The analysis of foreign experience in combating, preventing and combating corruption has made it possible to identify leading trends, mechanisms and tools, the adaptation of which can be useful for our country. These are, first of all, such as: formation of a conscious civil society on intolerance of corruption through constant informational explanations about the negativity of this phenomenon, implementation of various anti-corruption programs and projects; intensifying the activities of public organizations and expanding their influence on anti-corruption processes by effectively introducing their represent-atives to the supervisory and advisory boards of public administration bodies; application of anti-corruption measures, mainly of preventive and encouraging nature; expanding the involvement of e-government, Internet platforms, interactive websites in order to quickly respond to citizens' reports of facts that contain corruption components.
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Solechan, Solechan. "Asas-Asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik dalam Pelayanan Publik." Administrative Law and Governance Journal 2, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 541–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/alj.v2i3.541-557.
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Abstract AAUPB (Asas asas umum pemerintahan yang Baik) has a long journey from the beginning of its birth in the Netherlands to its application in Indonesia today. AAUPB at first was only in the theoretical realm and then entered into law until AAUPB got a very important position in Law No. 30 of 2014. Initially, AAUPB was intended as a means of legal protection or rechtsbescherming and was even used as an instrument to increase legal protection or rechtsbescherming for citizens from government actions. AAUPB is then used as the basis for judgments in the judiciary and administrative efforts, as well as an unwritten legal norm for government actions The history of the development of AUPB in Indonesia can be seen from the development of the AUPB principle in various laws and regulations, the practice of implementing the AUPB in court decisions or jurisprudence and doctrine. The development of the AUPB principle arrangement had found an increasingly strong momentum when the Government Administration Act was passed in 2014. As a result of the adoption of the concept of the welfare state, the state must fulfill the welfare of the community, one of which is through public services. With the AAUPB, it is expected that the government as a public service provider, can accept the AAUPB as a legal norm that must be used as the basis by the civil service provider in carrying out its authority, as well as a means for citizens to sue deviant public service providers. Keywords: General principles of good governance, public service. Abstrak Asas-asas umum pemerintahan yang baik (selanjutnya disebut AAUPB) lahir dari praktik penyelenggaraan negara dan pemerintahan sehingga bukan produk formal suatu lembaga negara seperti undang-undang. Asas-asas umum pemerintahan yang baik dapat dipahami sebagai asas-asas umum yang dijadikan sebagai dasar dan tata cara dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang layak, yang dengan cara demikian penyelenggaraan pemerintahan itu menjadi baik, sopan, adil, dan terhormat, bebas dari kezaliman, pelanggaran peraturan, tindakan penyalahgunaan wewenang dan tindakan sewenang-wenang. Sejarah perkembangan AUPB di Indonesia dapat dilihat dari perkembangan prinsip AUPB dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan, praktik penerapan AUPB dalam putusan pengadilan atau yurisprudensi serta doktrin. Perkembangan pengaturan prinsip AUPB menemukan momentumnya yang semakin kuat, tatkala UU Administrasi Pemerintahan disahkan pada tahun 2014. Sebagai akibat dari dianutnya konsepsi welfare state maka negara memiliki kewajiban untuk memenuhi kesejahteraan masyarakat salah satunya melalui pelayanan publik. Dengan adanya AAUPB diharapkan pemerintah sebagai pemberi pelayanan publik dapat menerima AAUPB sebagai norma hukum yang harus dijadikan dasar oleh penyelenggara pelayanan publik dalam menjalankan kewenangannya, sekaligus sarana bagi warga negara untuk menggugat penyelenggara pelayanan publik yang menyimpang. Kata Kunci : Asas-asas umum pemerintahan yang baik, Pelayanan Publik
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Ertsen, Maurits W. "Aspects of irrigation development in the Netherlands East Indies." Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa 2, no. 1 (April 11, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/td.v2i1.308.
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The ‘Romijn’ discharge measurement structure was developed in the Netherlands East Indies. By the end of the colonial period in the 1930s, it had become the standard structure in irrigation. The Romijn design is not only still the main discharge measurement structure in Indonesia, it is also used in Dutch water management practice and education. The question of continuity is at the heart of concepts such as ‘technological tradition’ or ‘technological regime’, and this continuity links the information embodied in a community of practitioners with the hardware and software the members master. Such communities define accepted modes of technical operation. Engineering education is an important mechanism in preference-guided selection of design solutions, and obtaining an engineering degree is much like passing the preparatory requirements for community membership. When, in 1967, a civil engineering student from Delft Polytechnic presented his final paper for an irrigation design to his supervisors, the first question they asked was why he had not used a Romijn weir as an off-take structure. The Dutch irrigation regime, which consists of the explicit and implicit rules of Dutch irrigation design, is the central subject of this paper. In this paper I shall discuss two related issues: (1) how the Netherlands East Indies irrigation regime developed, and (2) how the (dis)continuities in irrigation education and practice following Indonesian independence can be understood. Naturally, while discussion of these issues, to a certain extent at least, depends on the data available, it also depends on the researcher’s perspective.
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Nababan, Natanael Andra Jaya. "Understanding the Unlawful Acts (Problems and Challenges) A Book Review ‘Perbuatan Melanggar Hukum’, Prof. Dr. R. Wirjono Prodjodikoro, SH., CV Mandar Maju, Bandung, 108 Pages, ISBN 978-979-538-470-0." Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijals.v2i2.34785.
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Book witen by Prof Dr. R. Wirjono Prodjodikoro, Wirjono was bor in Surakarta, Dutch East Indies, on 15 June 1903. After completing his primary education, he attended the Rechtsschool I in Batavia, graduating in 1922. He then became a judge, later taking time to study at Leiden University in Leiden, Netherlands. This book talks about acts that can violate laws which are viewed from the point of civil law. I The term "unlawrful acts" in general is very broad meaning that is if the word "law" is used in the broadest sense and the matter of legal conduct viewed from all angles. Now the act of violating the law will be discussed smply because there are consequences and solutions that are regulated by the Civil Code in the broadest sense, which includes commercial law. This needs to be stated I here, because Article 102 of the Provisional Constitution distinguishes Civil Law from Commercial Law.
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Fahmi, Chairul. "THE DUTCH COLONIAL ECONOMIC’S POLICY ON NATIVES LAND PROPERTY OF INDONESIA." PETITA: JURNAL KAJIAN ILMU HUKUM DAN SYARIAH 5, no. 2 (November 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/petita.v5i2.99.
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This paper analyzes the historical shifts of land property rights in Indonesia's archipelago and how new land laws were formed, especially during the Dutch colonization era. After the Netherlands East Indies (NEI) established in the 18th century and proclaimed itself as a sovereign landlord over the East Indies (Indonesia), the role of indigenous law (adat law) and its rights to lands have diminished by a new form of law namely the European law system (the civil code). By adopting the European civil code, the colonial Dutch declared all uncertified lands and all forests’ resources were the Dutch colonial State's property and to be managed by the colonial authority [State’s domain]. For Adat peoples, these rights belong to them, either as individuals or as groups, and it had been recognized by their customary law (adat law) legally, which they have had since their ancestors inhabited within the land, territories, and resources. Further significant impact toward the adat rights to land, when the Agrarian Act (agrarisch wet) applied in 1870 by the colonial government, had severely impacted towards the land right of indigenous peoples in Indonesia, by which most of them had lost their adat property right to lands and forest resources. In contrast, the Dutch colonial State was gained millions of guldens for economic profit from the expropriation of the native land and from unpaid native slaves who worked in the Dutch plantation sectors.
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van Dockum, Saskia, and Leonard de Wit. "The Dutch Triple Heritage Helix. A working model for the protection of the landscape." Internet Archaeology, February 28, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11141/ia.54.9.
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In the Netherlands the state does not take direct responsibility for the care of archaeological monuments. Instead, the emphasis is on supporting private owners to look after monuments in their care. This article focuses on the range of non-governmental trust organisations that have been established to care for built heritage in the Netherlands. One such organisation is the Utrechts Landschap Foundation, established in 1927, which has recently championed what can be termed a 'triple heritage helix' to describe the role played by the foundation, public government and civil society. In this triple heritage helix model, all three partners have a role, but Utrechts Landschap is the central, lead partner that provides the long-term vision, skills and administration to ensure that the heritage sites under the trust's care are managed and protected effectively.
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Van Dorp, Erik-Jan. "The Practice and Politics of Secretary General Appointments." American Review of Public Administration, February 16, 2023, 027507402311554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02750740231155408.
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The question of who is appointed to key administrative posts at the expense of whom lies at the heart of public administration research. In this paper, I study what career experiences have increased senior civil servants’ chances of being appointed to a secretary general position. The civil service politicization and core executive literatures suggest such appointments are impacted by loyalty, ability, and proximity to power. These hypotheses are investigated using a mixed methods research design combining quantitative analysis of the career paths of all active senior civil servants in the years 2000–2020 ( n = 247) with 22 elite interviews with cabinet ministers and bureaucrats in the Netherlands. The main findings of this paper are that active affiliation with minister-delivering political parties and having worked in the prime minister's office significantly increased the odds of a candidate's appointment to an SG position, whereas managerial experience did not. These findings challenge the conventional theory of nonpoliticized appointments and unlock possibilities for comparative research on bureaucrats’ biographies.
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Colli, Francesca, and Yf Reykers. "Enemies or allies? How NGOs can push the military towards transparency around the use of force." European Journal of International Security, June 16, 2022, 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eis.2022.20.
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Abstract This article examines the conditions under which non-governmental organisations (NGOs) gain access to defence administrations when campaigning for transparency around the use of military force. We theorise that gaining access in this traditionally secluded domain is a matter of supply and demand. NGOs can gain access through technical and political information, yet not without demand for these resources, dependent on the politicisation of concerns about the use of force. We focus on the activities of Airwars, an international NGO, and its campaign in the Netherlands (2015–20) to foster transparency about civilian casualties caused by Dutch airstrikes. Our analysis shows that their credible information about air strikes led to access to the defence administration and allowed them to effectively advocate for transparency, mediated by the politicisation of the issue through parliamentary and media attention. Our findings contribute both to the literature on NGO advocacy and to the field of civil-military relations.
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Ivanova, Viktoriia. "BASIC PRINCIPLES OF FUNCTIONING OF MECHANISMS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AT THE FIELD OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC SECURITY OF EU MEMBER STATES." Electronic scientific publication "Public Administration and National Security", no. 4(26) (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.25313/2617-572x-2022-4-8076.
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The article considers the principles of functioning of public mechanisms in the field of foreign economic security of EU member states. In particular, ensuring EU security is determined by a number of conceptual provisions: the indivisibility of security and its development on the basis of integration processes; scale and constant development of security programs; using national aspects to solve regional problems; equality of status and decision- making based on consensus; coordination of efforts in the field of common interests; territorial integrity of states and non-interference in each other's internal affairs; the formation of a market economy and the development of civil society. It has been established that scientists and politicians of EU countries do not single out the concepts of "foreign economic security", but operate with the concepts of "security", "national security" and "economic security", while really mean in their content and problems of foreign economic security. Have been found EU members to have different levels of economic security. Relatively stable economic systems in the EU (Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, Germany, France) are mainly focused on improving the efficiency of the economy and at the same time maintain the existing level of personal economic security of its citizens. The relatively new EU member states (Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and the Baltic states) have already completed first-generation reforms and are in the final stages of security sector reforms. It is concluded that the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine changes the security vectors in Europe. It has become clear that the current system of international security is not able to deter the aggressor and protect against real threats to individual countries. Only an effective combination of military force, diplomatic instruments and a strong economy can guarantee the realization of national interests, national ideas and national goals. This is the path Ukraine must take in its European aspirations, creating conditions for comprehensive protection of its own statehood and cultural and historical identification.
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Alon-Barkat, Saar, and Madalina Busuioc. "Human-AI Interactions in Public Sector Decision-Making: ‘Automation Bias’ and ‘Selective Adherence’ to Algorithmic Advice." Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, February 8, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muac007.
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Abstract Artificial intelligence algorithms are increasingly adopted as decisional aides by public bodies, with the promise of overcoming biases of human decision-makers. At the same time, they may introduce new biases in the human-algorithm interaction. Drawing on psychology and public administration literatures, we investigate two key biases: overreliance on algorithmic advice even in the face of ‘warning signals’ from other sources (automation bias), and selective adoption of algorithmic advice when this corresponds to stereotypes (selective adherence). We assess these via three experimental studies conducted in the Netherlands: In study 1 (N=605), we test automation bias by exploring participants’ adherence to an algorithmic prediction compared to an equivalent human-expert prediction. We do not find evidence for automation bias. In study 2 (N=904), we replicate these findings, and also test selective adherence. We find a stronger propensity for adherence when the advice is aligned with group stereotypes, with no significant differences between algorithmic and human-expert advice. Studies 1 and 2 were conducted among citizens in a context where citizens can act as decision-makers. In study 3 (N=1,345), we replicate our design with a sample of civil servants. This study was conducted shortly after a major scandal involving public authorities’ reliance on an algorithm with discriminatory outcomes (the “childcare benefits scandal”). The scandal is itself illustrative of our theory and patterns diagnosed empirically in our experiment, yet in our study 3, while supporting our prior findings as to automation bias, we do not find patterns of selective adherence. We suggest this is driven by bureaucrats’ enhanced awareness of discrimination and algorithmic biases in the aftermath of the scandal. We discuss the implications of our findings for public sector decision-making in the age of automation. Overall, our study speaks to potential negative effects of automation of the administrative state for already vulnerable and disadvantaged citizens.