Books: 'Nett proceeds'

1

Gorrieri, Roberto. Process Algebras for Petri Nets. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55559-1.

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2

Metcalfe, J. Stan. Compound learning, neural nets and the competitive process. Manchester: Centre for Research on Innovation and Competition, 1997.

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3

Politics on the nets: Wiring the political process. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1997.

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4

Cios, Krzysztof J. A comparison of neural networks and fuzzy logic methods for process modeling. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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5

Donatelli, S. A comparison of performance evaluation process algebra and generalized stochastic Petri nets. Edinburgh: Computer Systems Group, University of Edinburgh, 1994.

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6

.NET patterns: Architecture, design, and process. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2004.

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7

The object-oriented thought process. 2nd ed. Indianapolis, Ind: Sams Pub., 2004.

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8

The object-oriented thought process. 3rd ed. Indianapolis, Ind: Addison-Wesley Pub., 2009.

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9

Weisfeld, Matt A. Object-Oriented Thought Process, The. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, 2005.

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10

Gaast, Koen, Machiel Keestra, Laura Koenders, Steph Menken, and Ger Post. Chapters on Interdisciplinary Research and Research Skills. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728256.

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This book is a special edition, compiled for to the MSc Course Research Methodologies as taught at the Faculty of Aerospace Engineering at Delft University of Technology. It is a compilation of useful chapters from several sources on how to structure, set up, carry out and write up your (thesis) research to aid you in writing your research plan. Next to that it acts as a companion during your thesis research. After introducing you to the philosophy of scientific research, subsequent chapters each contribute to the different phases of your research. The book uniquely allows for the often multi- or interdisciplinary research many of you carry out, based on the established Dutch university tradition of (semi-)independent student research, creating a thread through the process for you to follow. This edition is a collection of chapters from An Introduction to Interdisciplinary Research (2016), edited by Steph Menken and Machiel Keestra, and Academic Skills for Interdisciplinary Studies. Revised edition (2019), by Koen van der Gaast, Laura Koenders and Ger Post, published by Amsterdam University Press.

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11

The shell process: Near-nett-shape casting at an economic cost. West Bromwich, West Midlands: Hepworth Minerals and Chemicals, 1991.

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12

John Wiley & Sons. Technical Insights., ed. Technical Insights' neural nets in manufacturing. Englewood, NJ: Wiley, 1997.

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13

Gorrieri, Roberto. Process Algebras for Petri Nets: The Alphabetization of Distributed Systems. Springer, 2018.

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14

Huang, Hejiao. Property-Preserving Petri Net Process Algebra in Software Engineering. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2012.

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15

Thilmany, Christian. .NET Patterns: Architecture, Design, and Process. Addison-Wesley Professional, 2003.

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16

Epstein, Ben. The Stabilization Process Then and Now. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698980.003.0008.

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This chapter shifts the focus to the third and final stabilization phase of the political communication cycle (PCC). During the stabilization phase, a new political communication order (PCO) takes shape through the building of norms, institutions, and regulations that serve to fix the newly established status quo in place. This status quo occurs when formerly innovative political communication activities become mundane, yet remain powerful. Much of the chapter details the pattern of communication regulation and institution construction over time. In particular, this chapter explores the instructive similarities and key differences between the regulation of radio and the internet, which offers important perspectives on the significance of our current place in the PCC and the consequences of choices that will be made over the next few years.

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17

Gabora, Liane. The Creative Process of Cultural Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190455675.003.0002.

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This chapter explores how we can better understand culture by understanding the creative processes that fuel it, and better understand creativity by examining it from its cultural context. First, it summarizes attempts to develop a scientific framework for how culture evolves, and it explores what these frameworks imply for the role of creativity in cultural evolution. Next it examines how questions about the relationship between creativity and cultural evolution have been addressed using an agent-based model in which neural network-based agents collectively generate increasingly fit ideas by building on previous ideas and imitating neighbors’ ideas. Finally, it outlines studies of how creative outputs are influenced, in perhaps unexpected ways, by other ideas and individuals, and how individual creative styles “peek through” cultural outputs in different domains.

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18

Intelligent processing for primary metals. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1989.

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19

Rudi, Fortson. Part II Public Obligations and Regulatory Responsibilities, A Offences, 7 Money Laundering Offences under POCA 2002. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198716587.003.0007.

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This chapter begins by providing an introduction to the issue of money laundering by looking at the scale of it on the international level and the current rules and provisions. It next provides a brief history of UK money laundering legislation. Specifically it looks at the position prior to the Proceeds of Crime Act (POCA) 2002. It examines current money laundering statutory provisions and European Union (EU) instruments which are employed to combat money laundering. The next section of the chapter looks at the words, phrases, and concepts of POCA 2002. It also examines the main money laundering offences. Other offences are discussed in detail. It ends with a look at the various institutions and professionals required to prevent money laundering.

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20

Clark, Tom, Liam Foster, and Alan Bryman. How to do your Social Research Project or Dissertation. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198811060.001.0001.

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How to do your Social Research Project or Dissertation looks to help readers to navigate research for a project or dissertation. It starts with an introduction to the research process and how to get started. It examines the process of developing an idea. It reviews the available literature. It then considers how to build upon the project idea, the ethical issues, and how to write a proposal. Next it considers sampling, and collecting and analyzing quantitative and qualitative data. Finally, it describes how to evaluate the project and the process of writing up.

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21

Stoolmiller, Mike. An Introduction to Using Multivariate Multilevel Survival Analysis to Study Coercive Family Process. Edited by Thomas J. Dishion and James Snyder. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199324552.013.27.

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Multivariate multilevel survival analysis is introduced for studying hazard rates of observed emotional behavior relevant for coercion theory. Finite time sampling reliability (FTSR) and short-term retest reliability (STRR) across two occasions (sessions) of observation during structured problem-solving tasks several weeks apart were determined for hazard rates of emotional behaviors for parent–child dyads. While FTSR was high (.80–.96), STRR was low (.16–.65), suggesting that emotional behaviors in the context of parent–child social interaction are not very stable over a period of several weeks. Using latent variable structural equation models that corrected for the low STRR, two hazard rates were predictive of change in child antisocial behavior over a 3-year period (kindergarten to third grade) net of initial child antisocial behavior. Low levels of parent positive emotion and increases from session 1 to 2 of child neutral behavior both accounted for unique variance in third grade antisocial behavior.

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22

Browning, Birch P. From Student to Teacher Revisited. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199928200.003.0012.

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Various topics discussed in previous chaptersare revisited in light of subsequent information. Motivation for becoming a teacher is examined more fully in terms of self, identity, and role in developing a vision for the teacher-self and the relation between self, context, and instructional practice. Next, the process of developing or evolving from pre-serivce teacher to experienced pedagogue and leader is examined. Finally, the dispositions and certification process required to become a practicing music teacher are covered.

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23

Taberlet, Pierre, Aurélie Bonin, Lucie Zinger, and Eric Coissac. DNA sequencing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767220.003.0007.

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The emergence of eDNA analysis is tightly linked to the development of next-generation sequencing. Chapter 7 “DNA sequencing” gives an overview of the characteristics and limitations of the main next-generation sequencing platforms. It focuses particularly on the Illumina platform, which is the only technology currently suitable for large-scale analysis with hundreds to thousands of samples. More specifically, Chapter 7 describes the Illumina library preparation process, the generation of sequencing clusters by bridge PCR on the flow cell, and the sequencing reaction itself, based on sequencing by synthesis. Finally, detailed information is provided on the meaning and coding of quality scores of the sequencing reads.

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24

Marson, James, and Katy Ferris. Business Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198766285.001.0001.

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Business Law provides an introduction to the subject. Packed with up-to-date and relevant examples, it demonstrates the real applicability of the law to the business world. The book contains a number of parts. After an introduction about studying the law, the first part covers the English legal system, the constitution, EU law, and human rights. This comprises important issues including statutory interpretation and the legislative process, and court structures. The next part considers contractual obligations. Here terms, contractual capacity, mistake, misrepresentation, duress, contractual terms, regulations, and remedies for breach are included. It continues with tortious liability and describes issues of negligence, nuisance, economic loss, psychiatric injury, and statutory duties. This is followed by an examination of company law. The part that comes next is about employment. Finally, intellectual property issues are considered.

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25

Witting, Christian. Street on Torts. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198700944.001.0001.

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Street on Torts provides a wide-ranging overview, and a clear and accurate explanation of tort law. The book consists of nine parts. Part I provides an introduction to the subject. Part II looks at negligent invasions of interests in the person, property and financial interests as well as examining the liability in negligence of public authorities. Part III looks at intentional invasions of protected interest. The next part looks at interference with economic and intellectual property interests. Part V is about torts and strict or stricter liability. Part VI considers interests in reputation (i.e. defamation). The next part is about the misuse of private information. The part that follows looks at the misuse of process and public powers. The final part, Part IX, is about parties and remedies.

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26

Gardner, John. That Was Then and This Is Now. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818755.003.0007.

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This chapter has two concerns. It first reflects on the special institutional arrangements of private law. Next, the chapter considers, more broadly, the role of freedom, choice, and autonomy—what might be called ‘liberal values’—in the defence of private law. It rejects the widely favoured idea that the case for the wrongdoer to owe a reparative duty to the person wronged entails that the person wronged should be the one to pursue that remedy and have control over the process by which it is obtained (or not, at that person’s discretion). There is no entailment. Indeed, the process by which the wrongdoer is brought into line still remains in question.

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27

Abbey, Robert, and Mark Richards. 14. Post-completion procedures. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787648.003.0014.

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Conveyancing practitioners, whether they are acting for the seller or the buyer, still have much to do once completion has taken place. However, the buyer’s solicitor will have more work to do, as in most transactions acting on behalf of the buyer means after completion dealing with the possible payment of stamp duty land tax and then registration of the title and/or transfer. So far as the seller is concerned, if there is a mortgage, paying off any lender is required, as well as accounting to the client for the net proceeds of sale. This chapter considers all these post-completion procedures.

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28

Abbey, Robert, and Mark Richards. 14. Post-completion procedures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198823223.003.0014.

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Conveyancing practitioners, whether they are acting for the seller or the buyer, still have much to do once completion has taken place. However, the buyer’s solicitor will have more work to do, as in most transactions acting on behalf of the buyer means after completion dealing with the possible payment of stamp duty land tax and then registration of the title and/or transfer. So far as the seller is concerned, if there is a mortgage, paying off any lender is required, as well as accounting to the client for the net proceeds of sale. This chapter considers all these post-completion procedures.

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29

Bedock, Camille. The Mechanisms of Institutional Reforms in Action. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779582.003.0006.

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Part II of the book focuses on understanding the link between the nature of the reform at stake, the process engaged to achieve reform, and the end result (adoption or non-adoption of reform). The chapter presents the comparison of three bundles of reforms in France, Ireland, and Italy between 2000 and 2015, and formulates propositions about the prediction of the outcomes of reform. The chapter discusses link(s) between antecedent conditions and the likelihood of a given type of reform and process emerging. Next, theoretical propositions centre on the interaction between the nature of the reform (divisive or consensual, depending on the level of support for the reform), and the nature of the process of reform (majoritarian, supermajoritarian, or externalized, depending on the level of inclusion). The chapter explains why the effect of veto players and of multifaceted reforms varies according to the type of reform and type of process chosen.

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30

Cho, Eunae, and Lindsay Ciancetta. Child Outcomes Associated with Parent Work–Family Experiences. Edited by Tammy D. Allen and Lillian T. Eby. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199337538.013.12.

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This chapter provides a critical synthesis of the literature on the relationship between parent work family experiences and child outcomes. The chapter begins by introducing a theory-driven conceptual model that organizes previous studies. Then it discusses research on the direct link between parent work family experiences and child outcomes, followed by a review of mediators and moderators of the process. It next notes limitations of the extant literature and concludes with promising directions for future research.

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31

Pak, G. Sujin. The Prophet, Prophecy, and the Pastoral Office in the Next Generation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190866921.003.0006.

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The next generation of Lutheran, Swiss Reformed, and Calvinist leaders emphasized the prophet as an interpreter of Scripture and true worship as that which adheres to God’s Word alone. They further employed the prophet and biblical prophecy to illuminate key pastoral duties, strengthen Protestant clerical authority, and frame clerical authority firmly within the authority of Scripture. The text of I Corinthians 14:3 continued to demarcate the primary tasks of the Protestant pastor—tasks they increasingly identified within the teaching office. The next generation, however, added an emphasis on the right disposition of the godly pastor, even as they more squarely placed authority in his hands. They looked to biblical models of prophecy to provide a process for discerning right doctrine and biblical interpretation that both affirmed the priesthood of all believers and located public authority in the hands of established Protestant pastors. Explicit prophetic terminology nonetheless notably eclipsed.

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32

Buga, Irina. Subsequent Practice as a Means of Treaty Modification. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787822.003.0003.

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This chapter surveys the degree of recognition of the process of treaty modification by subsequent practice in the case law and doctrine. The analysis begins with the original ILC provision on treaty modification by subsequent practice ultimately excluded from the Vienna Convention. The focus then turns to analysing the validity, nature, and scope of the process of modification by subsequent practice, also in relation to formal amendment and a treaty’s object and purpose. Next, the chapter considers the difficult exercise of identifying modification by subsequent practice as distinguished from interpretation. Finally, the chapter explores how crucial factors such as the type of treaty regime and provision can impact the modifying process, and how alternative adaptation mechanisms can reduce the scope or need for recourse to modification. It is shown that subsequent practice can—under carefully defined conditions—alter, supplement, and terminate treaty provisions or even entire treaty frameworks.

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33

Downing, Laura J., and Al Mtenje. Tonal Phonology: Lexical Tone Patterns. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724742.003.0006.

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Like the vast majority of Bantu languages, Chichewa is a tone language. The chapter begins with a brief introduction to the Chichewa tone system. The lexical tone patterns for noun and verb stems are taken up next. Lexical tones do not always surface on their input sponsor syllable due to the application of tone processes such as tone doubling, tone plateauing, and final retraction. These processes, all conditioned by phrase penult lengthening, are defined and illustrated in detail in this chapter, along with the OCP-motivated process, Meeussen’s Rule. The tonal properties of clitics and clitic-like nominal modifiers are shown to motivate the process of tone shift. The phonetics of tone and the accentual properties of the Chichewa tone system are discussed in the concluding sections.

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34

Wiland, Eric. Psychologism and Anti-Psychologism about Motivating Reasons. Edited by Daniel Star. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199657889.013.9.

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People do things for various reasons. Are these motivating reasons psychological? This question is the focus of this chapter. I argue here that such reasons are typically not purely psychological. Yet there is an important psychological element or aspect of these reasons. I proceed by first reviewing some arguments for and against psychologism about (motivating) reasons. Next, I do the same for the view that reasons are typically non-psychological facts. I then explore some additional alternatives: (a) disjunctivist views, (b) the appositional account, and finally (c) naïve action theory, which I favour. Naïve action theory transcends and preserves the best features of both standard psychologism and standard anti-psychologism.

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35

Galand, Joel. Topics and Tonal Processes. Edited by Danuta Mirka. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199841578.013.0017.

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This chapter contributes to topic theory by evaluating the extent to which the choice of musical topics and tonal process in a composition might mutually condition or influence one another. Is it possible to “semanticize” the tonal paths taken by eighteenth-century composers on the basis of the keys with which certain topics were associated? The chapter begins by establishing some conditions under which a proposed connection between topics and tonal process may be considered. Next, it reviews the evidence for associating certain keys with individual topics in the first place, with particular emphasis on the pastorale, hunt,tempesta(i.e.Sturm und Drang),ombra, and military topics. Finally, the chapter presents passages, mostly drawn from the music of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, that exemplify possible interactions of topic and tonal plan.

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36

Chance, Kelly, and Randall V. Martin. Radiative Transfer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199662104.003.0004.

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Radiative transfer is the process of energy transfer during the propagation of electromagnetic radiation through a medium. The processes of extinction, due to absorption and scattering, and thermal emission are described. It is shown how they can be represented by wavelength-dependent optical thickness, due to absorption or emission cross sections and the number of absorbers, emitters, or scatterers. Cloud optical thickness and conservative scattering are described. The scattering phase function is introduced. Next, the general form of radiative transfer is given, and its applicability to the details of planetary atmospheric radiation shown.

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37

Kim, Do-Yeong, and Sujin Son. Advice in Mentoring Relationships in Organizations. Edited by Erina L. MacGeorge and Lyn M. Van Swol. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630188.013.13.

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This chapter advances understanding of the advice-taking behavior of protégés during the mentoring process in organizations. First, it reviews the extant literature regarding mentoring relationships in general. Next, it examines the possible key factors that influence protégés’ advice-taking behavior in mentoring relationships. Finally, it discusses directions for future research. Possible key factors influencing protégés’ advice-taking behavior in mentoring relationships are suggested, including mentor characteristics (mentor status and learning-goal orientation), protégé characteristics (cultural orientation and learning goal-orientation), and relational characteristics (relationship quality and trust in mentors).

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38

Haspelmath, Martin. Formal and Functional Types of Indefinite Pronoun. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198235606.003.0003.

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This chapter examines formal and functional types of indefinite pronoun. It first presents some examples of different indefinite pronoun series in a variety of languages, focusing on a formal element shared by all members of an indefinite pronoun series, such as some and any in English. This element is called indefiniteness marker, an affix or a particle which stands next to the pronoun stem. The chapter proceeds by discussing two main types of derivational bases from which indefinite pronouns are derived in the world's languages: interrogative pronouns and generic ontological category nouns like person, thing or place. It also looks at the main functional types of indefinite pronoun, namely: negative indefinite pronouns and negative polarity (or scale reversal). Finally, it analyses some alternatives to indefinite pronouns, including generic nouns, existential sentences, non-specific free relative clauses, and universal quantifiers.

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39

Boyd, Christina L. Gatekeeping and Filtering in Trial Courts. Edited by Lee Epstein and Stefanie A. Lindquist. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579891.013.11.

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Trial courts and their actors play critical gatekeeping and filtering roles within the judicial hierarchy. As this chapter discusses, the decisions made by litigants and judges in the millions of criminal and civil trial court cases in the United States each year affect things like what cases get filed, how cases develop, what cases settle or plea bargain and when, whether losing litigants will appeal, and, if they do, how the appellate courts will respond. This chapter proceeds by first examining the selection of disputes and charges that takes place by parties, prosecutors, and other lawyers prior to a case being filed in a trial court. Next, the chapter details the decision-making of trial court parties, lawyers, and judges. As the chapter concludes, it discusses the unique set of challenges present for interdisciplinary research on trial courts.

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40

Redmon, Allen H., ed. Next Generation Adaptation. University Press of Mississippi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496832603.001.0001.

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Next Generation Adaptation: Spectatorship and Process explores the ways in which cross-cultural adaptations often stage a collusion between competing cultural capital. The collusion conceals and reveals commonalities and differences between these cultural traditions before giving way to the differences that can distinguish one textual expression from another, just as it ultimately distinguishes one set of readers from another. An adaptation of any sort, but especially those that cross accepted stereotypes, or geographic or political boundaries, provide spectators space to negotiate attitudes and ideas that might otherwise lay latent in the text. Spectators are left to parse through each, often with special attention to the differences that exist between two expressions. Each new set of readers, each generation, distinguishes itself from an earlier set of readers, even as they exist along the same family tree. Given enough time, some new shared organizing strategy emerges until a new encounter or new expression of a text restarts the adaptational process every adaptation can trigger. Taken together, the chapters in Next Generation Adaptation each argue that the texts they consider foreground the kinds of space that exists between texts, between political commitments, between ethical obligations that every filmic text can open when the text is experienced as an adaptation. The chapters esteem the expansive dialogue adaptations accelerate when they realize their capacity to bring together two or more texts, two or more peoples, two or more ideologies without allowing one expression to erase another.

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Kooij, Sandra, Philip Asherson, and Michael Rösler. ADHD in adults. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0033.

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In this chapter, the diagnostic assessment of ADHD in adults is described, starting with the clinical picture, such as the symptoms and the areas of impairment. To start the diagnostic process, screening instruments may be used. During diagnostic assessment, collateral information and neuropsychological tests have their role. The assessment of frequently occurring comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, such as mood, anxiety, sleep, personality, and autism spectrum disorders, as well as addiction, is necessary to complete the clinical picture. Also, differential diagnosis is part of the diagnostic process. Finally, the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in adults (DIVA 2.0), and the Conners Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview (CAADID) are described and discussed. Instructions for use of the DIVA are given. The adjustments in the DSM-5 criteria for ADHD, and the next edition of DIVA based on the DSM-5 criteria, DIVA-5, are described.

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42

Kenski, Kate. Overcoming Confirmation and Blind Spot Biases When Communicating Science. Edited by Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Dan M. Kahan, and Dietram A. Scheufele. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190497620.013.40.

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This chapter focuses on two biases that lead people away from evaluating evidence and scientific studies impartially—confirmation bias and bias blind spot. The chapter first discusses different ways in which people process information and reviews the costs and benefits of utilizing cognitive shortcuts in decision making. Next, two common cognitive biases, confirmation bias and bias blind spot, are explained. Then the literature on “debiasing” is explored. Finally, the implications of confirmation bias and bias blind spot in the context of communicating about science are examined, and an agenda for future research on understanding and mitigating these biases is offered.

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43

Michael, Moser, and Bao Chiann. 9 Conduct of the Arbitration (Articles 13–22, 25–26, 30–31). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198712251.003.0009.

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This chapter addresses a number of key procedural steps and principles in an HKIAC arbitration. It begins with a discussion of the general principles governing the conduct of proceedings, followed by rules concerning the seat and venue of the arbitration and the language of the arbitration. The chapter then analyses the filing of and amendment to the parties’ written submissions. Next, the chapter discusses the arbitral tribunal’s authority to rule on its own jurisdiction as well as HKIAC’s prima facie power to proceed with an arbitration. The remainder of the chapter covers evidentiary matters and hearings, experts appointed by the arbitral tribunal, non-participation of a party in the arbitral proceedings, closure of the proceedings, and the waiver of a party’s right to object.

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44

Homburg, Stefan. Framework. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807537.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 sets out the basic framework. It considers an economy evolving indefinitely in discrete time, with producers, consumers, and a central bank as principal actors. Individuals plan over finite horizons and form expectations according to what they see. Money is conceived of as a commodity that is produced through credit creation rather than distributed by a fancy helicopter. This natural way to represent money is rarely followed in the literature and differs sharply from the usual helicopter drops because it ties money creation to credit creation. The chapter’s upshot is a system of simultaneous equations determining prices, wages, and the nominal interest rate. Using this solution, individuals revise their expectations, and the economy proceeds to the next period. The chapter concludes with functional and numerical specifications for later simulations, the purpose of which is to analyze key economic processes and to derive meaningful results.

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45

Pemberton, John. Individuating Processes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636814.003.0003.

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What are processes? How should we individuate them? The first part of this chapter sets aside metaphysics to distil a characterization of processes from a consideration of their treatment in science: processes involve parts acting together (at each stage) to bring about the next stage—they are commonly characterized by a rich range of criteria including the nature and arrangement of parts at each stage, how the process exhibits change and self-maintains across stages, and perhaps the role of the process within its larger context. The chapter identifies the tension between this rich view of processes and parsimonious accounts of individuals common in metaphysics (e.g., an individual may be wholly characterized by a list of admissible properties, individuals cannot have other individuals as parts). (Processes can have processes as parts.) The author suggests these tensions may underlie many of the problems of individuation that are the topic of this volume.

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46

Odin, Steve. Whitehead’s Perspectivism as a Basis for Environmental Ethics and Aesthetics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190456320.003.0008.

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There exist parallels between the Buddhist concept of Indra’s Net and the notion of moral perspective-taking. According to Alfred North Whitehead’s process metaphysics, the aesthetic continuum of nature is an organization of perspectives, whereby each occasion is akin to a Leibnizian monad, or metaphysical point, each functioning as a living mirror that reflects the entire universe from its own unique standpoint as a microcosm of the macrocosm. The metaphysical perspectivism underlying Whitehead’s ecological concept of nature along with a brief consideration of how Whitehead’s perspectivism illuminates the Japanese aesthetic concept of nature can be visualized by the poetic metaphor of Indra’s Net. Whitehead’s Leibnizian perspectivism was reformulated by George Herbert Mead, and later by Lawrence Kohlberg and Jürgen Habermas and can be integrated into an ethical procedure for moral perspective-taking, whereby free moral agents learn to put themselves into the perspectives of others in the community.

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Cottine, Cheryl. Developing a Mengzian Environmental Ethic. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190456023.003.0017.

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The chapter creates the framework for a Mengzian environmental ethic by reference to respect and restraint, relying primarily on ancient Confucian texts. These qualities underpin a “tempered anthropocentrism” because a synthesis of role-based virtue and sensitivity to larger ecological forces may, when synthesized, be key to human and earth flourishing. And two competing Confucian and ecology schools might find reconciliation in a shift in focus to some of the earliest Confucian texts—particularly the Mengzi, one of the most important and influential Confucian texts next to Confucius’s Analects—and, in the process, find richer intellectual resources to help address the numerous environmental issues that China faces today.

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Deruelle, Nathalie, and Jean-Philippe Uzan. The physics of black holes I. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786399.003.0049.

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This chapter describes two physical processes related to the Schwarzschild and Kerr solutions which can be induced by the gravitational field of a black hole. The first is the Penrose process, which suggests that rotating black holes are large energy reservoirs. Next is superradiance, which is the first step in the study of black-hole stability. The study of the stability of black holes involves the linearization of the Einstein equations about the Schwarzschild or Kerr solution. As this chapter shows, the equations of motion for perturbations of the metric are wave equations. The problem then is to determine whether or not these solutions are bounded.

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Laver, Michael, and Ernest Sergenti. Systematically Interrogating Agent-Based Models. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691139036.003.0004.

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This chapter develops the methods for designing, executing, and analyzing large suites of computer simulations that generate stable and replicable results. It starts with a discussion of the different methods of experimental design, such as grid sweeping and Monte Carlo parameterization. Next, it demonstrates how to calculate mean estimates of output variables of interest. It does so by first discussing stochastic processes, Markov Chain representations, and model burn-in. It focuses on three stochastic process representations: nonergodic deterministic processes that converge on a single state; nondeterministic stochastic processes for which a time average provides a representative estimate of the output variables; and nondeterministic stochastic processes for which a time average does not provide a representative estimate of the output variables. The estimation strategy employed depends on which stochastic process the simulation follows. Lastly, the chapter presents a set of diagnostic checks used to establish an appropriate sample size for the estimation of the means.

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Hodin, Jason, Matthew C. Ferner, Andreas Heyland, and Brian Gaylord, eds. I Feel That! Fluid Dynamics and Sensory Aspects of Larval Settlement across Scales. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786962.003.0013.

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A commonality among oceanic life cycles is a process known as settlement, where dispersing propagules transition to the sea floor. For many marine invertebrates, this transition is irreversible, and therefore involves a crucial decision-making process through which larvae evaluate their juvenile habitat-to-be. In this chapter, we consider aspects of the external environment that could influence successful settlement. Specifically, we discuss water flow across scales, and how larvae can engage behaviors to influence where ocean currents take them, and enhance the likelihood of their being carried toward suitable settlement locations. Next, we consider what senses larvae utilize to evaluate their external environment and properly time such behavioral modifications, and settlement generally. We hypothesize that larvae integrate these various external cues in a hierarchical fashion, with differing arrangements being employed across ontogeny and among species. We conclude with a brief discussion of the future promises of larval biology, ecology, and evolution.

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Books on the topic 'Nett proceeds'

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