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Journal articles on the topic 'Network design'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 June 2025

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1

Mitchell, David H., and J. MacGregor Smith. "Topological network design of pedestrian networks." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 35, no. 2 (2001): 107–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0191-2615(99)00039-9.

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Narasimhan, Sridhar, Samit Soni, and Sang Hwa Song. "ATM network design for corporate networks." European Journal of Operational Research 170, no. 2 (2006): 644–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2004.07.045.

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3

Todd, Brody, Abiose Ibigbami, and John Doucette. "Survivable Network Design and Optimization with Network Families." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/940130.

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In modeling communication networks for simulation of survivability schemes, one goal is often to implement these schemes across varying degrees of nodal connectivity to get unbiased performance results. Abstractions of real networks, simple random networks, and families of networks are the most common categories of these sample networks. This paper looks at how using the network family concept provides a solid unbiased foundation to compare different network protection models. The network family provides an advantage over random networks by requiring one solution per average nodal degree, as opposed to having to solve many, which could take a significant amount of time. Also, because the network family looks at a protection scheme across a variety of average nodal connectivities, a clearer picture of the scheme’s performance is gained compared to just running the simulation on a single network or select few networks.

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Perfetti, R. "A neural network to design neural networks." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems 38, no. 9 (1991): 1099–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/31.83884.

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5

Erez, Elona, and Meir Feder. "Efficient Network Code Design for Cyclic Networks." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 56, no. 8 (2010): 3862–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2010.2050934.

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Angilella, Vincent, Matthieu Chardy, and Walid Ben-Ameur. "Fiber cable network design in tree networks." European Journal of Operational Research 269, no. 3 (2018): 1086–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2018.02.034.

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7

Ashman, Darcy, and Carmen Luca Sugawara. "Civil Society Networks: Options for Network Design." Nonprofit Management and Leadership 23, no. 3 (2012): 389–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nml.21062.

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8

Gupta, Sakshi. "Concrete Mix Design Using Artificial Neural Network." Journal on Today's Ideas-Tomorrow's Technologies 1, no. 1 (2013): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jotitt.2013.11003.

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Alic, Kemal, Mihael Mohorcic, and Ales Svigelj. "Network and Traffic Design Aspects in Network-Coding-Enabled Wireless Networks." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 14, no. 3 (2019): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2019.3.3477.

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Practical experience of using opportunistic network coding has already been gained in several real network deployments, indicating the influence of some of the fundamental characteristics of the network and the traffic load. However, these aspects have not been systematically investigated in the scope of the construction of efficient and robust large-scale network-coding-enabled wireless mesh networks. In this paper we focus on these aspects using an example of two opportunistic networkcoding procedures: the well-known COPE and the Bearing Opportunistic Network coding (BON). In addition, the design aspects for network-coding-enabled wireless mesh networks and applications are discussed. We have shown that opportunistic network coding can improve the performance of different networks and supported applications in terms of throughput, delay and jitter, although the benefits are not significant in all the cases. Thus, the use of opportunistic network coding should be considered upfront during the wireless network design phase in order to obtain the greatest benefits.

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Yakasova, Natalya. "Holographic method of neural network design." E3S Web of Conferences 419 (2023): 02026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341902026.

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The paper presents a method for solving the problem of changing a full-connected neural network of direct propagation with a sigmoid activation function in the conditions of the emergence of a new class, with the ability to preserve the network to recognize already known classes and to classify objects of a new class. Such conditions generate a new neural network, which is trained on examples of all classes, including the new class. The learning process takes a long time and requires the selection of several parameters. The emergence of a new class in natural neural networks does not cause a transformation of the network structure, only the strength of connections between neurons changes. The network shows the properties of stability and plasticity at the same time. The authors draw attention to the analogy between neural networks and holograms in their ability to store information and form an image of a class in response to an input signal. Following the holographic analogy, the paper proposes a model of the wave nature of neural networks, which treats the network weights as a hologram and the input signal as a wave passing through a hologram. The construction of a new network is created with two neural networks, which are a combination of two holograms. The first hologram represents the original network, and the second is a new network with a similar structure, but it is trained to recognize one new class. The addition of the holograms of these neural networks implements the mechanisms of plasticity and stability in the model.

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Bouchery, Yann, Marco Slikker, and Jan C. Fransoo. "Intermodal Hinterland Network Design Games." Transportation Science 54, no. 5 (2020): 1272–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2020.0978.

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Intermodal hinterland transportation is becoming increasingly critical for global container supply chains. Managing intermodal hinterland networks is challenging because multiple actors often interact in practice. The intermodal hinterland network design games that we propose enable assessing the impact of having noncooperative users in intermodal networks. The games fall into the class of network design games but have key distinctive features. We provide some general results as well as an instance without a pure Nash equilibrium for the general case. Subsequently, we focus on the special case with a single intermodal connection available. We show that a pure Nash equilibrium always exists but that this one is not always unique. We additionally identify key structural properties for this single-hub game. These properties enable us to identify all pure Nash equilibria and a system-optimal solution in polynomial time. We illustrate our results with an application related to the development of an extended gate in the Netherlands and derive a series of insights. Overall, the results show that the multiple user feature of intermodal hinterland networks is critical and needs to be accounted for at the network design stage. We believe that this latter statement holds for general network design problems with multiple users.

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Li, Xiao Hui, and Qing Mei Tan. "Hierarchical Traffic Network Design under Emergency Logistics." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 732–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.732.

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In response to heavy demand for emergency logistics, an approach based on hierarchical network theory is introduced to solve the complexity of highway transportation network. It groups the traffic network into subprime networks and backbone networks on which a virtual local area network is designed accordingly to fulfill such function as information exchange and road condition renewal between forwarding stations. Compared with flat networks, the hierarchical traffic network design is in a good position to speed up routing, to conduct real-time monitoring and data-exchange, and consequently enhances efficiency of emergency logistics.

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13

Fencl, T., P. Burget, and J. Bilek. "NETWORK TOPOLOGY DESIGN." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 41, no. 2 (2008): 13581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20080706-5-kr-1001.02300.

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14

Lederer, Phillip J., and Ramakrishnan S. Nambimadom. "Airline Network Design." Operations Research 46, no. 6 (1998): 785–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.46.6.785.

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15

Kavian, Yousef S., Habib F. Rashvand, Bin Wang, and Hussein T. Mouftah. "Resilient Network Design." IET Networks 2, no. 1 (2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-net.2013.0003.

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16

EVANS, K. E., M. A. NKANSAH, I. J. HUTCHINSON, and S. C. ROGERS. "Molecular network design." Nature 353, no. 6340 (1991): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/353124a0.

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17

Druschel, P., M. B. Abbott, M. A. Pagels, and L. L. Peterson. "Network subsystem design." IEEE Network 7, no. 4 (1993): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/65.224051.

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18

Nickel, Stefan, and Francisco Saldanha-da-Gama. "Logistics network design." OR Spectrum 31, no. 3 (2009): 461–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00291-009-0165-8.

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19

Fencl, Tomas, Pavel Burget, and Jan Bilek. "Network topology design." Control Engineering Practice 19, no. 11 (2011): 1287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2011.07.001.

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20

Saif, Ahmed, and Samir Elhedhli. "Sterilization network design." EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics 8, no. 1 (2019): 91–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13676-018-0118-y.

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21

Mourits, Marcel, and Joseph J. M. Evers. "Distribution network design." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 25, no. 5 (1995): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09600039510089703.

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22

Kolli, Sai S. "Topological network design." European Journal of Operational Research 71, no. 1 (1993): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(93)90280-z.

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23

Ceder, Avishai, and Nigel H. M. Wilson. "Bus network design." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 20, no. 4 (1986): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-2615(86)90047-0.

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24

Kampker, A., G. Schuh, and D. Kupke. "Production Network Design *." wt Werkstattstechnik online 100, no. 4 (2010): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2010-4-259.

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25

Motter, Adilson E. "Bounding network spectra for network design." New Journal of Physics 9, no. 6 (2007): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/9/6/182.

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26

van Nes, Rob. "Multiuser-Class Urban Transit Network Design." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1835, no. 1 (2003): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1835-04.

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In transit network design it is common to use characteristics of the average traveler to describe travel behavior, while in reality different traveler groups can be distinguished that react differently with respect to transport service quality. A study is conducted of the possible consequences of basing the design of urban transit networks on the preferences of specific traveler groups. To that end, an analytical network optimization model is developed that considers a mix of different traveler groups simultaneously. Results from the analyses show that focusing on specific traveler groups leads to clearly different network design characteristics. However, the optimal network design developed for the average traveler proved to be the best network for all traveler groups. Furthermore, it was found that focusing on traveler groups having good transport alternatives led to very low values of consumer surplus and social welfare. Optimizing transit networks while considering different traveler groups simultaneously results in networks that are similar to those using the traditional single-user-class approach based on the average traveler. Differences in preferences for traveler groups are balanced by the size of the resulting transit patronage. Apparently, a more realistic description of the demand side is not essential for urban transit network design.

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27

Kamu, Israel, Mario Tulenan Parinsi, Meikel Wolter Kuhu, and Arther Valentino Mananggel. "Computer Network Design in Vocational School Using Network Simulator." International Journal of Information Technology and Education 2, no. 1 (2022): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.62711/ijite.v2i1.86.

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The development of computer network technology is currently increasing rapidly along with the community's need for services that utilize computer networks. A computer network is a relationship between 2 or more computers connected by wired or wireless transmission media. This study aims to As for the purpose of this research is to analyze and design a computer network at SMK Negeri 1 Tabuk Utara. The research model uses the Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC) with six stages, namely analysis, design, simulation prototype, implementation, monitoring and management. However, only the first to third stages were carried out. After being developed through several stages, the results of this study show that by analyzing and designing network designs using Cisco packet tracer, SMK Negeri 1 Tabuk Utara already has 2 design models to be used directly in this design accompanied by material estimation and work on the computer network.

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28

Zhu, Zhi Yong, and Lin Feng Bai. "The Design of College Network System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1347.

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The concept of participating management in social management was consulted; we have proposed a new concept of user-participating the network management. The core of this concept is people network and people management. The new network management philosophy will fulfill to convert the unified management of traditional network from co-management; forming one type of everyone can use networks and everyone participate in the network management.

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29

Swarnalatha, G., and R. Srilalitha. "Design Issues and Applications of Wireless Sensor Network." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-1, Issue-6 (2017): 798–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd4688.

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30

Boskany, Najmadin Wahid. "Design of Alarm Based Network Intrusion Detection System." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 16, no. 2 (2014): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10294.

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31

Kyusang Lee, Dujeong Lee, Hyang-Won Lee, No-Gil Myoung, Younghyun Kim, and J.-K. K. Rhee. "Reliable Network Design for Ethernet Ring Mesh Networks." Journal of Lightwave Technology 31, no. 1 (2013): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2012.2226562.

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32

Kwon, Minhae, and Hyunggon Park. "Distributed topology design for network coding deployed networks." Signal Processing 165 (December 2019): 380–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2019.07.018.

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33

Chi, Kaikai, Xiaohong Jiang, Susumu Horiguchi, and Minyi Guo. "Topology Design of Network-Coding-Based Multicast Networks." IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 19, no. 5 (2008): 627–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2007.70743.

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34

AL-Hawri, E., N. Correia, and A. Barradas. "Design of network coding based reliable sensor networks." Ad Hoc Networks 91 (August 2019): 101870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2019.101870.

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35

Simmons, J. M. "Network design in realistic "all-optical" backbone networks." IEEE Communications Magazine 44, no. 11 (2006): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2006.248170.

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36

Smith, J. MacGregor. "Topological network design of state-dependent queueing networks." Networks 28, no. 1 (1996): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0037(199608)28:1<55::aid-net7>3.0.co;2-c.

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37

Gerber, Mia, and Nelishia Pillay. "Automated Design of the Deep Neural Network Pipeline." Applied Sciences 12, no. 23 (2022): 12215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122312215.

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Deep neural networks have proven to be effective in various domains, especially in natural language processing and image processing. However, one of the challenges associated with using deep neural networks includes the long design time and expertise needed to apply these neural networks to a particular domain. The research presented in this paper investigates the automation of the design of the deep neural network pipeline to overcome this challenge. The deep learning pipeline includes identifying the preprocessing needed, the feature engineering technique, the neural network to use and the parameters for the neural network. A selection pertubative hyper-heuristic (SPHH) is used to automate the design pipeline. The study also examines the reusability of the generated pipeline. The effectiveness of transfer learning on the generated designs is also investigated. The proposed approach is evaluated for text processing—namely, sentiment analysis and spam detection—and image processing—namely, maize disease detection and oral lesion detection. The study revealed that the automated design of the deep neural network pipeline produces just as good, and in some cases better, performance compared to the manual design, with the automated design requiring less design time than the manual design. In the majority of instances, the design was not reusable; however, transfer learning achieved positive transfer of designs, with the performance being just as good or better than when transfer learning was not used.

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38

Yang, Guang Yong. "Design of Carbon Efficient Online Logistics Networks." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 1444–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.1444.

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With development of internet network, more traditional brick-and-mortar firms sell products via online channels. The key feature of online channels is home delivery, hence, how to design efficient online logistics networks has been the core problem faced by online firms. Furthermore, with increasing pollution of ecological environment and global warming, more carbon emission regulations enacted and implemented also impact firms operation and decision. This paper mainly study online logistics networks design constraint from carbon emission regulations. We analyze the following three types of networks, dropping delivery network (D), delivery network via distribution center (W), and last mile delivery network (L). Combining carbon emission from inbound and outbound transportation, and emission from inventory storage, we design optimal logistics networks and then analyze online logistics network design of Sunfeng best choice firm.

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Konings, Rob. "Network Design for Intermodal Barge Transport." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1820, no. 1 (2003): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1820-03.

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During the past decade intermodal barge transport has been very successful in gaining market share in northwest Europe. The barge sector has been able to cater very well to the ever–increasing demands of shippers. It is now a leading mode of transport along the major river corridors and is opening new geographical markets. These successful developments are due to the beneficial cost–quality features of intermodal barge transport compared with its main competitor, unimodal road transport. However, to remain competitive in existing markets and to expand into new market areas the cost–quality features of intermodal barge transport must be improved. Network operations are important influences on the cost–quality performance. Which barge network operations provide the best performance, however, depends on the transport market to be served. This relation between barge network design, transport market, and the performance of intermodal barge transport is the central issue discussed. A general framework for barge network design is presented describing the design variables for barge networks and showing their relationship to the performance indicators of intermodal barge transport. Given the quantitative relations between the design variables for barge networks, it is possible to assess the performance of different types of barge networks for different transport markets. This tool is empirically demonstrated in a case study on the Rhine River. It demonstrates that changing the network operations will lead to further improvement of the competitiveness of intermodal barge transport in this corridor.

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40

Gong, Ziyi, Huifu Zhang, Hao Yang, Fangjun Liu, and Fan Luo. "A Review of Neural Network Lightweighting Techniques." Innovation & Technology Advances 1, no. 2 (2024): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.61187/ita.v1i2.36.

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The application of portable devices based on deep learning has become increasingly widespread, which has made the deployment of complex neural networks on embedded devices a hot research topic. Neural network lightweighting is one of the key technologies for applying neural networks to embedded devices. This paper elaborates and analyzes neural network lightweighting techniques from two aspects: model pruning and network structure design. For model pruning, a comparison of methods from different periods is conducted, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Regarding network structure design, the principles of four classical lightweight network designs are described from a mathematical perspective, and the latest optimization methods for these networks are reviewed. Finally, potential research directions for lightweight neural network pruning and structure design optimization are discussed.

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YEN, GARY, and HAIMING LU. "HIERARCHICAL GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR NEAR-OPTIMAL FEEDFORWARD NEURAL NETWORK DESIGN." International Journal of Neural Systems 12, no. 01 (2002): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065702001023.

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In this paper, we propose a genetic algorithm based design procedure for a multi-layer feed-forward neural network. A hierarchical genetic algorithm is used to evolve both the neural network's topology and weighting parameters. Compared with traditional genetic algorithm based designs for neural networks, the hierarchical approach addresses several deficiencies, including a feasibility check highlighted in literature. A multi-objective cost function is used herein to optimize the performance and topology of the evolved neural network simultaneously. In the prediction of Mackey–Glass chaotic time series, the networks designed by the proposed approach prove to be competitive, or even superior, to traditional learning algorithms for the multi-layer Perceptron networks and radial-basis function networks. Based upon the chosen cost function, a linear weight combination decision-making approach has been applied to derive an approximated Pareto-optimal solution set. Therefore, designing a set of neural networks can be considered as solving a two-objective optimization problem.

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42

Diallo, Mamadou Sadigou, Janvier Fotsing, Kadiatou Aissatou Barry, Emmanuel Tonye, Mamadou Sanoussy Camara, and Amadou Oury Bah. "Design and Production of an EPC Core Network Sizing Tool “The Case of Orange-Guinea." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports 25, no. 11 (2023): 186–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i111033.

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With the arrival of 3G and 4G technologies, telecommunications networks have undergone a major expansion. These networks have enabled the integration of new services and adequate bandwidth, enabling operators to meet growing user demand. This rapid evolution has led operators to adapt their methods to new technologies, which increase network complexity. This complexity becomes even greater when these networks combine several different access technologies into a heterogeneous network, as in the case of 4G networks. In such cases, sizing involves new challenges such as: the considerable increase in service demands, compatibility with current networks, managing users' intercellular mobility and offering better quality of service. The solution proposed to meet these new requirements is the dimensioning of the EPC core network. The main aim of this project is to design and produce a computerized tool for sizing the EPC. The objectives of our work are in threefold : - to provide an architecture for interconnecting the EPC core network to the existing core network ; - to provide the methodology and process for sizing the core network of an EPS network; - design and implement an EPC core network dimensioning tool. In our work, traffic models are used to calculate the traffic generated by each technology to be connected to the core network. The resulting application, developed as part of our work, calculates the traffic and estimates the capacity of EPC network's core MME.

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43

Sunil Kumar Nandal. "Network Design Issues in Wireless Body Area Network." International Journal of Research in Informative Science Application & Techniques (IJRISAT) 1, no. 1 (2022): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46828/ijrisat.v1i1.23.

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This paper presents a survey on various aspects of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) and its utility in healthcare system. Along with applications of WBAN in healthcare different areas of research with other prospective opportunities and prominent challenges are also discussed. Development in the field of wireless communication, particularly in the field of Personal Area Network and mobile networks, has lead to development of mobile healthcare system. As WBAN essentially consist of body sensors to sense various physical properties related to health. Apart from applications of WBAN, communication in WBAN and other important aspects like security, scalability are discussed. Some of the other important issues are physical and MAC layer design and network protocols being analysed.

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44

Duff-Riddell, W. R., and C. J. Bester. "Network Modeling Approach to Transit Network Design." Journal of Urban Planning and Development 131, no. 2 (2005): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9488(2005)131:2(87).

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45

Holler, Holger, and Stefan Voß. "Software tools for a multilayer network design." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 3 (September 30, 2005): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2005.3.325.

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Today’s long haul and metro high-speed networks are mainly based on synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) or its American equivalent synchronous optical network (SONET) and wavelength division multiplex (WDM). On the other hand, the large amount of traffic growth during the last years has been caused mainly by Internet protocol (IP) traffic. Traditionally, the IP-router based networks and the cross-connect based synchronous networks are often planned and operated separately. However, in line with new developments such as generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS), network providers begin to realize that the convergence of these two worlds promises significant benefits. A set of software tools to support the network designer has been developed and used on various kinds of real world network planning problems arising in the SDH/WDM context. This includes, among others, 1+1 protection planning, static restoration and dual homing issues. These tools are extended with additional features to handle aspects of the IP/SDH interplay in a GMPLS environment. The two main components are an AMPL based integer model (solved via CPLEX) and a heuristic implemented in C++.

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46

Chavan, Ashwini. "Design of Natural Gas Pipeline." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (2021): 733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37468.

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India today has an in depth network of underground pipelines used for the transportation and distribution of gas. Large factories, fertilizer factories and other industrial enterprises are the most consumers in PNG and today, however, with the rise in its popularity, it's currently utilized in the domestic sector similarly as a fuel within the automotive sector in large metropolitan cities. To bring gas to those end users within the boundaries of a significant city, it's necessary to create city gas distribution pipeline networks. India today has an intensive network of underground pipelines used for the transportation and distribution of fossil fuel. Large factories, fertilizer factories and other industrial enterprises are the most consumers in PNG and today, however, with the rise in its popularity, it's currently employed in the domestic sector additionally as a fuel within the automotive sector in large metropolitan cities. To bring gas to those end users within the boundaries of a significant city, it's necessary to create city gas distribution pipeline networks, these networks have already been founded within the cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Vadodara, Firozabad, Kanpur and plenty of more such networks are planned within the near future. Given the infrastructure and layout available in typical Indian cities, it becomes difficult to make such gas distribution networks without separate corridors for competing utilities. Reckoning on pressures, flow rates and economic criteria, these networks may be constructed with steel pipes, polyethylene (PE) pipes or a hybrid PE-steel pipe system. In contrast to borehole pipelines, which stretch for miles directly through open fields, the CGD network is more complex. These are located in densely populated areas, and an oversized number of network branches meet the wants of users in several locations in an exceedingly city. Although they're much smaller long and size than background pipelines, a city's network is far more dispersed and diverse. The rise within the number of branches means over the amount of sleeves, bends, reducers, fittings, etc. within the network, with the exception of the quantity of delivery points for the availability of fossil fuel. Due to the assorted activities of third parties other city agencies, the chance of injury and accidents is even on top of the substantial pipelines. of these factors require better security systems integrated into the network and therefore the need for special preparation to manage any emergency situation.

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Kim, Hyo-Joo, Su-Han Woo, Po-Lin Lai, and Yong-Won Seo. "Environmental impact of distribution network design: the case of Korea." Journal of Korea Trade 20, no. 4 (2016): 398–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkt-12-2016-022.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the environmental impact of distribution network design. Design/methodology/approach Typical distribution networks are identified and modeled through interviews with logistics companies in Korea. CO2 emission is calculated for the distribution network models to evaluate the environmental impact of different network designs. In addition, economic and customer service performances are evaluated to provide realistic and balanced solutions to supply chain managers. Findings It is suggested that hybrid networks combining Hub-and-Spoke (HS) and Point-to-Point (PP) networks with a small number of sub-terminals are the most effective in both environmental and customer service aspects, whereas HS network is the most cost-effective. Research limitations/implications The analysis in this study is based on certain assumptions, and hence full application of these results to specific cases is limited. The combination of PP network with HS network is suggested, forming a hybrid network, and CO2 mitigation policies need to consider support schemes that can influence a firm’s decision making in relation to network design. Originality/value Little attention, however, has been paid to the environmental impact of distribution network design in the exiting literature. This study is a rare attempt at evaluating the environmental impact of distribution network design and may provide valuable implications to policy-makers and practitioners in logistics and manufacturing companies.

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Sayadi, Mohammad Javad, and Juan Sebastián Rodríguez Páez. "Radio over Ethernet (RoE), architecture and design considerations." Frontiers in Health Informatics 8, no. 1 (2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30699/fhi.v8i1.170.

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Introduction: the evolving mobile networks are envisioned to have a flexible and reliable network to meet all design requirements needed for the fifth generation (5G) of networks. The cloud radio access network, as an evolution in mobile networks, changes the traditional architecture of the network by moving the BBUs to the central office. This comes with new challenges that are addressed by new technologies like Radio over Fiber and now Radio over Ethernet, which proposes a technique to transmit all radio data types over a traditional Ethernet based front-haul network. In this paper, we focus on the architecture and the design considerations of Radio-over-Ethernet to have a more flexible and reliable front-haul network in Centralized Radio Access Network.Material and method: In this paper we tried to use Ethernet protocol as a universal and public network protocol in radio based networks to make it flexible and reliable. This combination allows us to focus only on the access points and propose a new architecture to encapsulation (retrieve) radio data into (from) an Ethernet frame.Result: This study resulted in a new architecture for radio access networks to disseminate radio data over a reliable network protocol and infrastructure. Some Ethernet header fields was modified and a mapper was included into the model in BBUs to create an adaption between radio and Ethernet infrastructures.Conclusion: The result shows that although this new architecture may apply additional overhead in both information and process, but having an independent front-haul network is a necessity for Centralized Radio Access Network. However if industry implements this architecture and its processes regarding latency requirement, Radio over Ethernet will be a revolution in Centralized Radio Access Network to meet two main key design principles in 5G.

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Chung, Il Yong. "Design of an efficient routing algorithm on the WK-recursive network." Korean Institute of Smart Media 11, no. 9 (2022): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30693/smj.2022.11.9.39.

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The WK-recursive network proposed by Vecchia and Sanges[1] is widely used in the design and implementation of local area networks and parallel processing architectures. It provides a high degree of regularity and scalability, which conform well to a design and realization of distributed systems involving a large number of computing elements. In this paper, the routing of a message is investigated on the WK-recursive network, which is key to the performance of this network. We present an efficient shortest path algorithm on the WK-recursive network, which is simpler than Chen and Duh[2] in terms of design complexity.

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Wan Mohammad, W. S. N., N. I. S. Lokman, R. Hasan, et al. "The implication of street network design for walkability: A review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 881, no. 1 (2021): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/881/1/012058.

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Abstract A street network-friendly design allows walkability among people and is proven beneficial to the environment, community health, and economy of the city. Walkability in a street network increases potential trips by pedestrians through sidewalks and linked streets to create shorter travel distances. Street designs for pedestrian walkways are commonly ignored, with more focus on vehicular access, consequently leading to a lack of effort in improving the street network designs linked to various destinations. Accordingly, this paper reviews the street network designs affecting walkability from the perspective of the urban community. A systematic literature review method was employed to identify and analyse the articles published in the Sciencedirect.com database between 2004 and 2020 using two keywords: street network design and walkable city. The main finding suggested that street networks were associated with proper street designs. Therefore, a walkable city developed from a thriving street network design improved local physical activities and healthy communities.

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