Journal articles: 'Network-induced delays'

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Zhou, Xuede, Yan Wang, Shenglin Zhang, and Zhicheng Ji. "Dual Event-Triggered Controller Co-Design for Networked Control Systems with Network-Induced Delays." Electronics 12, no. 19 (September 22, 2023): 4003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12194003.

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To address the presence of network-induced delays in networked control systems (NCSs), a dual event-triggered mechanism (DETM) is used to investigate the problem of reducing network delays and controller co-design. Firstly, the DETM of the sensor–controller (SC) and the controller–actuator (CA) is adopted. By determining whether the sampled data meet the event-triggered threshold conditions for network transmission, we effectively reduce the sampled data transmitted over the network, which can reduce a network delay by reducing occupation of the network resources. Secondly, a dual event-triggered NCS model with a network-induced delay is developed, and a Lyapunov function including a DETM and network-induced delay is chosen. The functional upper limit of the Lyapunov function is estimated by combining the Wirtinger’s-based integral inequality with the reciprocally convex approach. This results in a stability criterion for systems with low conservativeness and a controller co-design method for a DETM. Finally, the availability of this method was verified through a numerical example and case study.

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González-Hernández, Luis Arturo, Bruno Francois, and Eduardo Javier Moreno-Valenzuela. "Robust networ ccontrol of an arm manipulator to time delays." Pädi Boletín Científico de Ciencias Básicas e Ingenierías del ICBI 10, Especial4 (October 5, 2022): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/icbi.v10iespecial4.9230.

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Feedback control systems with network as information channels between sensors and between controllers and actuators, are called Network Control Systems (NCS). Network in the loop makes the analysis and design of a proper controller quite different from the traditional ones. Controllers for MIMO plants with wireless communication channels have different type of problems as to compete for the network resources, losses of data packages and presence of communication delays. This work deals with the problem of delays present in the feedback system. Various methodologies have been proposed to deal with the problem of network induced delays which depends on the nature of the delay as: constant, continuous discrete and random delays, and in MIMO systems independent channel delays This paper deals with design of a robust H∞ controller for a MIMO system with time delays limited to an interval, such as obtain a close loop system satisfy robust stability and robust performance specifications in ample ranges of time delays. The method is applied to a three degree of freedom arm manipulator.

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Zhu, Yang, Meng Zhang, and Qiang Jiang. "Decentralized Predictor Stabilization for Interconnected Networked Control Systems with Large Uncertain Delays and Event-Triggered Input." Electronics 13, no. 5 (February 20, 2024): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13050819.

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In this article, we propose a control scheme with predictors in a decentralized manner for coupled networked control systems (NCSs) under uncertain, large time-delays and event-triggered inputs. The network-induced delays are handled via the prediction; thus, the delay value is allowed to be large, and the burden of the network is relieved by the event-triggered input. Two methods are employed to deal with the large delay issue: the state and output feedback. When the state of each subsystem is measurable, full-state feedback is used, whereas when the plant state cannot be measured, output feedback is employed with the help of an observer, which is more common in practice. Instead of treating the interactive plants like a global system, the exponential stability of the coupled systems, under decentralized predictors with asynchronous sampled-data feedback, is analyzed in a decentralized way. Finally, the proposed methods are verified via an example of three interconnected cart–pendulum systems, while such systems would not be stabilizable by the traditional approach when the network-induced delays are relatively large.

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Cao, Wanke, Zhiyin Liu, Yuhua Chang, and Antoni Szumanowski. "Direct Yaw-Moment Control of All-Wheel-Independent-Drive Electric Vehicles with Network-Induced Delays through Parameter-Dependent Fuzzy SMC Approach." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5170492.

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This paper investigates the robust direct yaw-moment control (DYC) through parameter-dependent fuzzy sliding mode control (SMC) approach for all-wheel-independent-drive electric vehicles (AWID-EVs) subject to network-induced delays. AWID-EVs have obvious advantages in terms of DYC over the traditional centralized-drive vehicles. However it is one of the most principal issues for AWID-EVs to ensure the robustness of DYC. Furthermore, the network-induced delays would also reduce control performance of DYC and even deteriorate the EV system. To ensure robustness of DYC and deal with network-induced delays, a parameter-dependent fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) method based on the real-time information of vehicle states and delays is proposed in this paper. The results of cosimulations with Simulink® and CarSim® demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Moreover, the results of comparison with a conventional FSMC controller illustrate the strength of explicitly dealing with network-induced delays.

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Zhang, Wen-An, Junkai Jin, Xiang Qiu, and Li Yu. "Delay Compensation for Teleoperation Systems Based on Communication Disturbance Observers." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 20, no. 7 (December 20, 2016): 1044–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2016.p1044.

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This paper investigates the control problem for a class of teleoperation systems with communication delays. The network-induced delays are usually inevitable in teleoperation systems, and may be time varying and unpredictable. Since the conventional Smith predictor is only useful for fixed delays, a novel delay compensation and controller design method is proposed in this paper. The proposed method combines a disturbance rejection controller and a communication disturbance observer (CDOB). Simulations are provided to show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed delay compensation and controller design method.

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Chen, Qiuxia, Ying Liu, and Haoqi Zhu. "Robust Output Feedback Model Predictive Control for a Class of Networked Control Systems with Nonlinear Perturbation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/154158.

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This paper is concerned with the design problem of robust dynamic output feedback model predictive controllers for a class of discrete-time systems with time-varying network-induced delays and nonlinear perturbation. The designed controllers achieve on-line suboptimal receding horizon guaranteed cost such that the system can be stabilized for all admissible uncertainties. A novel delay compensation strategy is proposed to eliminate the effects of the time-varying network-induced delays. By using multistep prediction and the receding optimization, the delay-dependent sufficient condition is derived for the existence of delay compensation controllers. By employing the cone complementarity linearization (CCL) idea, a nonlinear minimization problem with linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints is formulated to design the desired output feedback controllers, and an iterative algorithm involving convex optimization is presented to solve the nonlinear minimization problem. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed results.

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Yang, Mingjin, Yu-Long Wang, Deliang Zeng, Tengfei Zhang, and Jicai Li. "Game theoretic-based optimal load frequency control of power systems with network-induced delays." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 42, no. 1 (May 23, 2019): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331218793167.

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This paper presents a game theoretic-based load frequency control (LFC) scheme for power systems with network-induced delays. First, a dynamic model of two-area LFC systems is developed under consideration of bounded network-induced delays. Second, the optimal control problem of power systems with network-induced delays is formulated as a stochastic linear quadratic game. Then, by using differential games and Lyapunov theories, the game theoretic-based optimal load frequency controllers are designed for the system under consideration, and an algorithm is presented to make the desired optimal LFC gains solvable. Finally, a case study is carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Li, Xue Jun, Wei Hong, and Yan Su. "Idle Speed Control for GDI Engines with Interval Time-Delay." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 1598–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1598.

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The gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine is a highly non-linear and a delayed system. The engine modle with time-delays is derived. The delays consist of an intake to torque production state delay and a network -induced interval delay. Base on the Liapunov-Krasovskii function, the criterion of interval delay control system is proposed, which ensure the idle speed control system is stability as well as robust. The simulation results show that the H∞ control has good robustness,which improves the stability of the idle speed of the GDI engine.

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Lei, Qi, and Ying Luo. "Event-Triggered-Based External Consensus Protocol of RBF-ARX-Model-Based Networked Multiagent Systems with Nonlinear Dynamics and Communication Delays." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (April 2, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5530878.

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An event-triggered-based external consensus control protocol with delay compensation for networked multiagent systems (NMASs) with nonlinear dynamics and network-induced delays is discussed in this paper. An RBF-ARX modelling method is adopted to approximate a nonlinear system. By utilizing the RBF-ARX model, the locally linearized time series model can be obtained to describe the behaviour of agents with nonlinear characteristics. An event-triggered control protocol with communication delay compensation is proposed to reduce the effects of network-induced delays and the times of the agent’s control update and communication between others by applying the idea of a prediction strategy. The event-triggered mechanism for each agent only depends on the deviation between its own output and the delay-compensated output of neighboring agents. Then, a distributed event-triggered-based and delay-compensated external consensus control protocol is given. Under this proposed control protocol, both the consensus and stability of the system can be proved. Finally, a numerical simulation is performed to verify the availability of our results.

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Nafir, Noureddine, Mohamed Rouamel, Fayçal Bourahala, and Samir Bouzoualegh. "Delay-Dependent Stability Improvement for Networked Control Systems: a Sampled Data Approach." Algerian Journal of Signals and Systems 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51485/ajss.v7i1.160.

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This paper concerns the stability conditions and controller design for sampled-data networked control systems (NCSs) model subject to network communication delays, the main objective is to guarantee the maximum allowable upper bounds of network-induced time-varying delays that keep the NCSs stable. First, Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional with simple and double-integral terms is constructed considering both upper and lower bounds of network delay. Then, less conservative Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) stability conditions are established using null terms to introduce free weighting matrices based on the Leibniz-Newton formula. Furthermore, Finsler's lemma is used for the relaxation of the obtained LMI's stability conditions using slack decision variables. It is also used to decouple Lyapunov-Krasovskii matrices from the system ones. The application of the proposed approach for different NCSs gives higher upper delay bounds compared with other methods.

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Farah, Khamsa, Karim Chabir, and Mohamed Naceur Abdelkrim. "High-Level Petri Nets-Based Modeling of Network Controlled Systems under Communication Constraints (Network-Induced Delay)." Scientific Programming 2022 (October 10, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5103199.

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Our work deals with the problems of communication delays, packets dropouts, and quantization errors in the signal transmitted in network-controlled systems (NCS). Although NCS provides a paradigm for adapting to frequent changes in the manufacturing industry, modeling and managing operations are difficult issues due to the complex interactions between system entities and the effect of the network-induced delay on the closed-loop system. Therefore, our paper is about detecting degradations resulting from the insertion of a network in the regulation loop, which can even lead in some cases to the destabilization of the NCS. This paper mainly studies the problem of the graphic modeling, based on the colored Petri nets (CPN), of the NCS under communication constraints. Therefore, models of the communication network (Ethernet) and system entities are presented. Then, the influence of network-induced delay is detected. Finally, as an idea for future work, we propose a solution based on an SDN controller in order to avoid precedent degradations.

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Yan, Ruixia, Zhong Wu, and Jinliang Liu. "Network-BasedH∞Filter Design for Linear System with Random Delays." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/340890.

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This paper investigates the filtering problem for a class of network-based systems with random network-induced delays. The considered random delay between the sensor and the filter is assumed to be satisfying a certain stochastic characteristic. Considering the probability of the delay taking value in different intervals, a stochastic variable satisfying Bernoulli random binary distribution is introduced and a new system model is established by employing the information of the probability distribution. By using a properly constructed Lyapunov function, sufficient conditions for the existence of theH∞filters are presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which are dependent on the occurrence probability of both the random communication delays. The filter parameter is then characterized by the solution to a set of LMIs. A simulation example is employed to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Liu, Mengmeng, Jinyong Yu, Yiming Sun, and Jiahao Li. "Adaptive event-triggered fault detection for Markovian jump systems with network time-delays." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 43, no. 13 (April 19, 2021): 2934–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01423312211002591.

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In this paper, the adaptive event-triggered fault detection (FD) problem is investigated for Markovian jump systems (MJSs) with network time-delays and data package dropouts. First, a novel event-triggered communication strategy with an adaptive threshold is introduced to screen the sampled signals and reduce the data releasing frequency. Consequently, the limited communication resources and network bandwidth are saved as much as possible. Second, since communication links between the plant and filter are considered to be unreliable, the effects of intermittent package dropouts phenomenon and network time-delays are taken into account simultaneously. By using time-delay system method, the network-induced phenomena, adaptive event-triggered strategy and MJSs are unified into a networked MJSs time-delay system. Then, sufficient conditions are developed such that the resulting residual system is mean-square exponentially stable with the desired [Formula: see text] performance. Finally, a numerical example of the F-404 aircraft engine system is provided to illustrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed design method.

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Millán, Pablo, Luis Orihuela, Carlos Vivas, and Francisco R. Rubio. "Distributed consensus-based estimation considering network induced delays and dropouts." Automatica 48, no. 10 (October 2012): 2726–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2012.06.093.

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Huang, Chengdai, Xuan Zhao, Xuehai Wang, Zhengxin Wang, Min Xiao, and Jinde Cao. "Disparate delays-induced bifurcations in a fractional-order neural network." Journal of the Franklin Institute 356, no. 5 (March 2019): 2825–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2018.11.027.

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Zeng, Hong-Bing, Lei Ding, Shen-Ping Xiao, and Fei Yu. "Improved Stabilization Method for Lurie Networked Control Systems." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/789398.

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The problem of stabilization of Lurie networked control systems (NCSs) is investigated in this paper. The network-induced delays in NCSs are assumed to be time-varying and bounded. By utilizing a reciprocally convex technique to consider the relationship between the network-induced delay and its varying interval, a new absolute stability condition is derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Based on the obtained condition, an improved cone complementary linearisation (CCL) iteration algorithm is presented to design a state feedback controller. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a numerical example.

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Rouamel, Mohamed, Sofiane Gherbi, and Fayçal Bourahala. "Robust stability and stabilization of networked control systems with stochastic time-varying network-induced delays." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 42, no. 10 (January 27, 2020): 1782–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331219895931.

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This paper investigates the robust stability analysis and state feedback controller design of networked control systems (NCSs). A stochastic network-induced delay in given interval with known lower and upper bounds is considered. Therefore, the NCS is modeled as linear system with probabilistic time-varying delay distribution. Then, the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) is formulated using probabilistic informations of both lower and upper bounds of the time-varying network-induced delay, and Wirtinger-based integral inequalities are used to estimate the accuracy of the resulting time derivatives and also to reduce conservatism by introducing some new cross terms. Afterwards, stability condition based on [Formula: see text] disturbance attenuation level is expressed in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), and Finsler’s lemma is used to relax it by adding slack decision variables and decoupling the systems matrices from those of Lyapunov-Krasovskii. This procedure makes the state feedback controller design as simple as a variables change. Finally, a maximum allowable upper bound of the network-induced delay and state feedback controller gains are calculated by resolving the above relaxed LMIs’ convex optimization problem. Practical numerical examples are provided to validate the proposed approach; the results show that the negative effects of the unpredictable network-induced delays are compensated and the stability of NCSs with high disturbance attenuation level is guaranteed. A comparative study with other results in recent researches is also given and the superiority of the proposed method in terms of robustness and conservatism reduction is shown.

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Niu, Yichun, Li Sheng, and Weibo Wang. "Delay-dependent H∞ synchronization for chaotic neural networks with network-induced delays and packet dropouts." Neurocomputing 214 (November 2016): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2016.05.026.

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Kim, Won-jong, Kun Ji, and Ajit Ambike. "Networked Real-Time Control Strategy Dealing With Stochastic Time Delays and Packet Losses." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 128, no. 3 (June 21, 2005): 681–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2232692.

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A novel model-predictive-control strategy with a timeout scheme and p-step-ahead state estimation is presented in this paper to overcome the adverse influences of stochastic time delays and packet losses encountered in network-based distributed real-time control. An open-loop unstable magnetic-levitation (maglev) test bed was constructed and employed for its experimental verification. The compensation algorithms developed in this paper deal with the network-induced stochastic time delays and packet losses in both the forward path and the feedback path simultaneously. With the p-sampling-period delay upper bound, the networked control system (NCS) can also accommodate up to p−1 successive packet losses. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this networked real-time control strategy.

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Li, Jingdong, Zhangang Wang, Liankun Sun, and Wanru Wang. "Modeling and Analysis of Network Control System Based on Hierarchical Coloured Petri Net and Markov Chain." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (June 8, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9948855.

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This paper investigates a modified modeling of networked control systems (NCSs) with programmable logic controller (PLC). First, the controller-to-actuator and sensor-to-controller network-induced delays are investigated by a modeling tactics based on hierarchical coloured petri net (HCPN) in a structure-conserving way. Comparing with the recent result, the signal transmission delay is set in a random interval instead of a fixed mode; moreover, the data packet drop out and disorder are also taken into consideration. Second, delays captured form CPN tools are analyzed with a strategy based on Baum–Welch algorithm and statistics science. Besides, time delays are modeled as a Markov chain and the transition probabilities is calculated using the consequent from the previous operation. Finally, a comparison verification illustrates the equivalence property between proposed models.

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Santos, Tito L. M., and Taniel S. Franklin. "Distributed predictor-based stabilization of interconnected systems with network induced delays." Information Sciences 564 (July 2021): 368–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2021.02.041.

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Soglo, Bienvenu A., and Xianhui Yang. "Compensation for Network-induced Delays and Packet Dropping in Control Systems." European Journal of Control 12, no. 3 (January 2006): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/ejc.12.296-306.

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Krokavec, Dusan, and Anna Filasová. "Exponential stability of networked control systems with network-induced random delays." Archives of Control Sciences 20, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 165–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10170-010-0011-x.

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Exponential stability of networked control systems with network-induced random delaysIn this paper, the problem of exponential stability for the standard form of the state control, realized in a networked control system structure, is studied. To deal with the problem of stability analysis of the event-time-driven modes in the networked control systems the delayed-dependent exponential stability conditions are reformulated and proven. Based on the delay-time dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, exponential stability criteria are derived. These criteria are expressed as a set of linear matrix inequalities and their structure can be modified to use the bilinear inequality techniques.

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Ma, Jun, Huxin Qin, Xinlin Song, and Runtong Chu. "Pattern selection in neuronal network driven by electric autapses with diversity in time delays." International Journal of Modern Physics B 29, no. 01 (December 18, 2014): 1450239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979214502397.

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The electric activity of neuron and collective behaviors of neurons can be modulated by autapse, which can be described by self-feedback current in close loop with time delay being considered. Distribution of electric autapses in a local area can introduce heterogeneity in the network and thus traveling wave emits from this area. In this paper, diversity in time delay of electric autapse is considered and collision between emitting waves from different local areas driven by electric autapses under different time delays is observed. In the numerical studies, neurons in the square area with 15×15 (and/or 20×20) nodes are connected electric autapses with different time delays and target-like waves are induced and converted into, spiral waves after continuous collision between wave fronts. It is found that a group of spiral waves can emerge in the network, or coexist with target waves under appropriate coupling intensity due to time delay diversity in autapse and these waves can regulate the collective behaviors of neurons as continuous pacemakers.

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Si, Xueming, Xun-Lin Zhu, Xin Du, and Xiangpeng Xie. "A Decentralized Routing Control Scheme for Data Communication Networks." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/648267.

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This paper studies the decentralized routing control of data communication networks. Taking the physical constraints on the data flow and the network-induced delays into consideration, the decentralized routing control problem is reformulated as a constrained control problem, and the restriction of initial message lengths is no longer needed. By defining a general Lyapunov functional and applying a reciprocally convex combination technique to deal with the network-induced delays, less conservative and less complex designing conditions are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A simulation example is also given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed designing scheme.

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Fan, Zeming, Xiaojun Yu, Hao Wan, Meilin Kang, Yuan Liu, Yuye He, and Gaoxi Xiao. "A Time-Delay-Bounded Data Scheduling Algorithm for Delay Reduction in Distributed Networked Control Systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (July 21, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8290879.

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As a key feature of networked control systems (NCSs), the time delays induced by communication medium sharing and data exchange over the system components could largely degrade the NCS performances or may even cause system instability, and thus, it is of critical importance to reduce time delays within NCSs. This paper studies the time-delay reduction problem in distributed NCSs and presents a dual-way data scheduling mechanism for time-delay reductions in delay-bounded NCSs with time-varying delays. We assess the time delays and their influences on the NCSs first with various delay factors being considered and then describe a one-way scheduling mechanism for network-delay reductions in NCSs. Based upon such a method, a dual-way scheduling algorithm is finally proposed for distributed NCSs with different types of transmitted data packets. Experiments are conducted on a remote teaching platform to verify the effectiveness of the proposed dual-way scheduling mechanism. Results demonstrate that, with the stability time-delay bound considered within the scheduling process, the proposed mechanism is effective for NCS time-delay reductions while addressing the stability, control accuracy, and settling time issues efficiently. Such a proposed mechanism could also be implemented together with some other existing control algorithms for time-delay reductions in NCSs. Our work could provide both useful theoretical guidance and application references for stable tracking control of delay-bounded NCSs.

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Li, Yang, and Jin Yuan. "A Consensus Algorithm with Buffer in Second-Order Multi-Agent with Time-Varying Delayed Communication." Advanced Materials Research 1039 (October 2014): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1039.305.

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In this paper, we discuss consensus problems for a network of dynamic agents with fixed topologies. A consensus algorithm for multi-agent systems with time-varying delay is presented. With the consideration of the effects of network conditions, such as network-induced delays, packet dropouts, mis-sequence, etc., a communication buffer is introduced for avoiding agents’ communication error, and a method for choosing buffer length is proposed. Using this buffer design, received data is rearranged and transferred in the original order. With the presented consensus algorithm, agents’ consensus is well-performance, and all the agents match the average speed finally. Simulation oriented results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

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Wu, Guoqiang, Jianwei Zhang, and Yuguang Bai. "Robust Filtering for Networked Stochastic Systems Subject to Sensor Nonlinearity." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/868174.

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The problem of network-based robust filtering for stochastic systems with sensor nonlinearity is investigated in this paper. In the network environment, the effects of the sensor saturation, output quantization, and network-induced delay are taken into simultaneous consideration, and the output measurements received in the filter side are incomplete. The random delays are modeled as a linear function of the stochastic variable described by a Bernoulli random binary distribution. The derived criteria for performance analysis of the filtering-error system and filter design are proposed which can be solved by using convex optimization method. Numerical examples show the effectiveness of the design method.

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Gholami, Milad, Alessandro Pilloni, Alessandro Pisano, and Elio Usai. "Robust Distributed Secondary Voltage Restoration Control of AC Microgrids under Multiple Communication Delays." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041165.

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This paper focuses on the robust distributed secondary voltage restoration control of AC microgrids (MGs) under multiple communication delays and nonlinear model uncertainties. The problem is addressed in a multi-agent fashion where the generators’ local controllers play the role of cooperative agents communicating over a network and where electrical couplings among generators are interpreted as disturbances to be rejected. Communications are considered to be affected by heterogeneous network-induced time-varying delays with given upper-bounds and the MG is subjected to nonlinear model uncertainties and abrupt changes in the operating working condition. Robustness against uncertainties is achieved by means of an integral sliding mode control term embedded in the control protocol. Then, the global voltage restoration stability, despite the communication delays, is demonstrated through a Lyapunov-Krasovskii analysis. Given the delays’ bounds, and because the resulting stability conditions result in being non-convex with respect to the controller gain, then a relaxed linear matrix inequalities-based tuning criteria is developed to maximize the controller tuning, thus minimizing the restoration settling-time. By means of that, a criteria to estimate the maximal delay margin tolerated by the system is also provided. Finally, simulations on a faithful nonlinear MG model, showing the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, are further discussed.

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Asif, Seemal, and Phil Webb. "Managing Delays for Realtime Error Correction and Compensation of an Industrial Robot in an Open Network." Machines 11, no. 9 (August 28, 2023): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11090863.

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The calibration of articulated arms presents a substantial challenge within the manufacturing domain, necessitating sophisticated calibration systems often reliant on the integration of costly metrology equipment for ensuring high precision. However, the logistical complexities and financial burden associated with deploying these devices across diverse systems hinder their widespread adoption. In response, Industry 4.0 emerges as a transformative paradigm by enabling the integration of manufacturing devices into networked environments, thereby providing access through cloud-based infrastructure. Nonetheless, this transition introduces a significant concern in the form of network-induced delays, which can significantly impact realtime calibration procedures. To address this pivotal challenge, the present study introduces an innovative framework that adeptly manages and mitigates network-induced delays. This framework leverages two key components: controller and optimiser, specifically the MPC (Model Predictive Controller) in conjunction with the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), and a Predictor, characterised as the Dead Reckoning Model (DRM). Collectively, these methodologies are strategically integrated to address and ameliorate the temporal delays experienced during the calibration process. Significantly expanding upon antecedent investigations, the study transcends prior boundaries by implementing an advanced realtime error correction system across networked environments, with particular emphasis on the intricate management of delays originating from network traffic dynamics. The fundamental aim of this research extension is twofold: firstly, it aims to enhance realtime system performance on open networks, while concurrently achieving an impressive level of error correction precision at 0.02 mm. The employment of the proposed methodologies is anticipated to effectively surmount the intricacies and challenges associated with network-induced delays. Subsequently, this endeavour serves to catalyse accurate and efficient calibration procedures in the context of realtime manufacturing scenarios. This research significantly advances the landscape of error correction systems and lays a robust groundwork for the optimised utilisation of networked manufacturing devices within the dynamic realm of Industry 4.0 applications.

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Amin, Md Ruhul, and Marc R. Roussel. "Graph-theoretic analysis of a model for the coupling between photosynthesis and photorespiration." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 92, no. 2 (February 2014): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2013-0315.

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We develop and analyze a mathematical model based on a previously enunciated hypothesis regarding the origin of rapid, irregular oscillations observed in photosynthetic variables when a leaf is transferred to a low-CO2 atmosphere. This model takes the form of a set of differential equations with two delays. We review graph-theoretical methods of analysis based on the bipartite graph representation of mass-action models, including models with delays. We illustrate the use of these methods by showing that our model is capable of delay-induced oscillations. We present some numerical examples confirming this possibility, including the possibility of complex transient oscillations. We then use the structure of the identified oscillophore, the part of the reaction network responsible for the oscillations, along with our knowledge of the plausible range of values for one of the delays, to rule out this hypothetical mechanism.

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Wang, Mingming, Xiaoyun Sun, Hui Xing, and Haiqing Zheng. "Online fault detection for networked control system with unknown network-induced delays." International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control 30, no. 4 (2018): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmic.2018.095832.

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Zheng, Haiqing, Mingming Wang, Xiaoyun Sun, and Hui Xing. "Online fault detection for networked control system with unknown network-induced delays." International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control 30, no. 4 (2018): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmic.2018.10016893.

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Hu, Songyu, Wei Wu, Song Qian, Jianfei Pan, and Li Qiu. "Positioning control for linear switched reluctance motor with network-induced time delays." Journal of Shenzhen University Science and Engineering 34, no. 4 (2017): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1249.2017.04434.

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Wang, Gang, Mohammed Chadli, Haihong Chen, and Zhijin Zhou. "Event-triggered control for active vehicle suspension systems with network-induced delays." Journal of the Franklin Institute 356, no. 1 (January 2019): 147–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2018.10.012.

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36

Shang, Yilun. "Consensus of Noisy Multiagent Systems with Markovian Switching Topologies and Time-Varying Delays." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/453072.

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Stochastic multiagent systems have attracted much attention during the past few decades. This paper concerns the continuous-time consensus of a network of agents under directed switching communication topologies governed by a time-homogeneous Markovian process. The agent dynamics are described by linear time-invariant systems, with random noises as well as time-varying delays. Two types of network-induced delays are considered, namely, delays affecting only the output of the agents’ neighbors and delays affecting both the agents’ own output and the output of their neighbors. We present necessary and sufficient consensus conditions for these two classes of multiagent systems, respectively. The design method of consensus gains allows for decoupling the design problem from the graph properties. Numerical simulations are implemented to test the effectiveness of our obtained results as well as the tightness of necessary/sufficient conditions.

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Yang, Yanping, Dawei Zhang, and Qing-Long Han. "Networked active vibration control of structural systems: A nonsmall input delay approach." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 22 (January 16, 2018): 5391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546317753861.

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This paper investigates the networked active vibration control for a multi-degree-of-freedom structural system subject to modeling uncertainties, stochastic sensor faults, and earthquake excitations. By adopting a positive velocity feedback controller and introducing a communication network that produces proper network-induced delays and packet dropouts in the feedback control loop, the closed-loop system is first modeled by an uncertain stochastic system with a nonsmall interval time-varying input delay. Then a delay-dependent criterion is derived by employing a complete Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional such that the stochastic system with the proper nonzero input delay is stochastically stable with L2-gain performance, but unstable without delay. An iterative algorithm is presented to design the networked controller. A three-storey shear-beam building model subject to the El Centro 1940 earthquake is given to validate the proposed approach.

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Hu, Jun, Zidong Wang, Hongli Dong, and Huijun Gao. "Recent Advances on Recursive Filtering and Sliding Mode Design for Networked Nonlinear Stochastic Systems: A Survey." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/646059.

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Some recent advances on the recursive filtering and sliding mode design problems for nonlinear stochastic systems with network-induced phenomena are surveyed. The network-induced phenomena under consideration mainly include missing measurements, fading measurements, signal quantization, probabilistic sensor delays, sensor saturations, randomly occurring nonlinearities, and randomly occurring uncertainties. With respect to these network-induced phenomena, the developments on filtering and sliding mode design problems are systematically reviewed. In particular, concerning the network-induced phenomena, some recent results on the recursive filtering for time-varying nonlinear stochastic systems and sliding mode design for time-invariant nonlinear stochastic systems are given, respectively. Finally, conclusions are proposed and some potential future research works are pointed out.

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Han, Shi-Yuan, Tong Liang, Jin Zhou, and Yue-Hui Chen. "CAN-Based Vibration Control for Networked Vehicle Active Suspension with Both Network-Induced Delays and Packet-Dropouts." Electronics 11, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11050708.

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Ride comfort and driving safety are highly vulnerable to the undesirable excessive vibrations caused by road surface irregularities and the imperfect in-vehicle network (IVN). The main contribution of this paper consists of proposing a near-optimal vibration control approach for networked vehicle active suspension under irregular road excitations in a discrete-time domain, in which the uncertain time delay and packet dropout in CAN are taken into consideration. More specially, by virtue of two buffers of the sensor-to-controller network channel and the controller-to-actuator network channel in CAN, by introducing a designed state-transformation-based method, the original vibration control problem under the constraints of the irregular road excitations and imperfect CAN is transformed into a two-point boundary value (TPBV) problem without advanced and delayed items. After that, the near-optimal vibration control approach is presented to isolate the vehicle body from the road excitations and compensate the time delay and packet dropout from CAN synchronously. The stability condition of the networked vehicle active suspension under the proposed vibration controller is obtained based on the Lyapunov function. In numerous scenarios with different road roughnesses and network-induced time delays and packet dropouts, the simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed near-optimal vibration controller.

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Wang, Yu-Long, Tian-Bao Wang, and Wei-Wei Che. "Active-Varying Sampling-Based Fault Detection Filter Design for Networked Control Systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/406916.

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This paper is concerned with fault detection filter design for continuous-time networked control systems considering packet dropouts and network-induced delays. The active-varying sampling period method is introduced to establish a new discretized model for the considered networked control systems. The mutually exclusive distribution characteristic of packet dropouts and network-induced delays is made full use of to derive less conservative fault detection filter design criteria. Compared with the fault detection filter design adopting a constant sampling period, the proposed active-varying sampling-based fault detection filter design can improve the sensitivity of the residual signal to faults and shorten the needed time for fault detection. The simulation results illustrate the merits and effectiveness of the proposed fault detection filter design.

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Liu, Li, Aolei Yang, Wenju Zhou, Wasif Naeem, Gang Wang, and Hua Wang. "Modelling and Estimation for Uncertain Systems with Transmission Delays, Packet Dropouts, and Out-of-Order Packets." Complexity 2018 (October 18, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7531547.

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The study focuses on the modelling and estimation of a class of discrete-time uncertain systems, including network-induced random delays, packet dropouts, and out-of-order packets during the data transmission from the plant to the estimator. In order to improve system performance, event-triggered signal selection method is used to establish the system model. Based on this model, a distributed measurement and centralized fusion estimation scheme is designed using a robust finite horizon Kalman-type filter. Since the phenomena caused by the network-induced deteriorate estimation accuracy, a time-based reorganization measurement is employed to design a linear delay compensation strategy based on estimation. Moreover, in order to obtain the optimal linear estimation, weighted fusion estimation approach is used to perform information collaboration through the error cross-covariance matrix. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method has higher estimation performance than the existing methods in this study.

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Zhang, Luo, Mou Chen, Qingxian Wu, and Bei Wu. "Stabilization of Networked Control Systems with Induced Delays and Actuator Saturation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4208712.

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The problem of state feedback stabilization is studied for networked control systems (NCSs) subject to actuator saturation and network-induced delays. To facilitate the controller design, the NCSs are modeled as a class of discrete-time systems with bounded delays and input saturation. Based on Lyapunov-Krasovskii theory and free weighting matrix approach, the sufficient condition is derived in terms of linear matrix inequality for the asymptotic stability. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed control approach is proved through numerical examples.

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Liu, Li, Aolei Yang, Wenju Zhou, Xiaowei Tu, Gang Wang, and HongGang Wang. "Event-based finite horizon state estimation for stochastic systems with network-induced phenomena." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 41, no. 6 (September 20, 2018): 1580–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331218793174.

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This paper investigates a finite horizon state estimation problem for a class of discrete-time stochastic systems with random transmission delays and out-of-order packets of data. Employing an event-driven signal-choosing scheme of logic zero-order-holder (LZOH), a system model is established synthetically in a unified form considering the network-induced phenomena, to drop out-of-order packets and improve system performance. By virtue of the established system model, a novel minimum error covariance matrix for the augmented state-space is obtained from the estimated variance constraint. With the aid of a finite horizon, the upper boundary of estimation error covariance is introduced during the information transmission from sensor to estimator, and the appropriate filter parameters are probed. To improve the estimation performance and alleviate the computation burden, an estimation-based compensation approach for random transmission delays is proposed using the received valid signals. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed state estimation method are illustrated by a numerical simulation.

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Yang, Dedong, He-Xu Sun, Peng Yang, and Tai-Hang Du. "Synchronization of Neural Networks with Mixed Time Delays under Information Constraints." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/510903.

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This paper investigates the synchronization problem of neural networks with mixed time delays under information constrains. The designed synchronization scheme is built on the framework of hybrid systems. Besides including nonuniform sampling, some other characteristics, such as quantization, transmission-induced delays, and data packet dropouts, are also considered. The sufficient condition that depended on network characteristics is obtained to guarantee the remote asymptotical synchronization of neural networks with mixed time delays. A numerical example is given to illustrate the validity of the proposed method.

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Zhao, Hong. "Modeling and Stability of Networked Cascade Control Systems." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 1238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.1238.

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In this paper the modeling and stability analysis of networked cascade control systems (NCCSs) are discussed. A class of continuous-time NCCSs model with time-varying delays is described, in which the network-induced delays are assumed to be unknown, time-varying, and bounded. Based on the NCCSs model, the stability conditions of the NCCSs are proposed using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and the free-weighting matrix approach.

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Wang, Zhuwei, Mengjiao Xu, Lihan Liu, Chao Fang, Yang Sun, and Huamin Chen. "Optimal UAV Formation Tracking Control with Dynamic Leading Velocity and Network-Induced Delays." Entropy 24, no. 2 (February 21, 2022): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24020305.

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With the rapid development of UAV technology, the research of optimal UAV formation tracking has been extensively studied. However, the high maneuverability and dynamic network topology of UAVs make formation tracking control much more difficult. In this paper, considering the highly dynamic features of uncertain time-varying leader velocity and network-induced delays, the optimal formation control algorithms for both near-equilibrium and general dynamic control cases are developed. First, the discrete-time error dynamics of UAV leader–follower models are analyzed. Next, a linear quadratic optimization problem is formulated with the objective of minimizing the errors between the desired and actual states consisting of velocity and position information of the follower. The optimal formation tracking problem of near-equilibrium cases is addressed by using a backward recursion method, and then the results are further extended to the general dynamic case where the leader moves at an uncertain time-varying velocity. Additionally, angle deviations are investigated, and it is proved that the similar state dynamics to the general case can be derived and the principle of control strategy design can be maintained. By using actual real-world data, numerical experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimal UAV formation-tracking algorithm in both near-equilibrium and dynamic control cases in the presence of network-induced delays.

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Wang, Conghua, Haihong Liu, and Jin Zhou. "Oscillatory Dynamics of p53 Genetic Network Induced by Feedback Loops and Time Delays." IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience 18, no. 4 (October 2019): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnb.2019.2924079.

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Zhao, Ling, Hao Xu, Yuan Yuan, and Hongjiu Yang. "Stabilization for networked control systems subject to actuator saturation and network-induced delays." Neurocomputing 267 (December 2017): 354–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2017.06.016.

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Tahoun, A. H. "Adaptive stabilizer for chaotic networked systems with network-induced delays and packet losses." Nonlinear Dynamics 81, no. 1-2 (March 24, 2015): 823–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-015-2032-2.

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Zhu, Xiaoyuan, Hui Zhang, Junmin Wang, and Zongde Fang. "Robust Lateral Motion Control of Electric Ground Vehicles With Random Network-Induced Delays." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 64, no. 11 (November 2015): 4985–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2383402.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Network-induced delays'

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