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Bánhidi, Zoltán, Madina Tokmergenova, and Imre Dobos. "A Network Readiness Index (NRI) elemzése többváltozós statisztika alkalmazásával." Statisztikai Szemle 101, no. 7 (2023): 618–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20311/stat2023.07.hu0618.
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A Network Readiness Index (NRI) egy olyan mutatórendszer, amely az országok digitális fejlettségét és a digitális transzformáció gazdasági, társadalmi hatásait méri. A tanulmány célja, hogy többváltozós statisztikai eszközök segítségével jellemezze az NRI 12 alpillére közötti kapcsolatokat. Elsőként egyszerű korrelációs elemzést végzünk az alpilléreken a változók közötti lineáris összefüggések kimutatására, majd főkomponens-elemzés (PCA) segítségével elvégezzük adataink leképezését egy alacsonyabb dimenziós térbe, illetve az alpillérek közötti oksági kapcsolatokat parciális korrelációs együtthatók segítségével elemezzük. A változók vizsgálata után klaszterelemzéssel homogén csoportokat képzünk az adatbázisban szereplő 130 országból. Vizsgálataink eredményei alapján elmondható, hogy a 12 alpillér egymással szorosan összefügg, információtartalmuk viszonylag csekély információvesztéssel visszaadható, mindössze két látens változó segítségével. A klaszterelemzés eredményei alapján elmondható, hogy az Európai Unió országai között a digitális fejlettséget, versenyképességet tekintve igen komoly különbségek mutathatók ki: míg az északi és a nyugati tagországok a világ élvonalában vannak, addig a balkáni térség országai inkább a közepes jövedelmű és a (jobban teljesítő) fejlődő országokkal állnak hasonló fejlettségi szinten.
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Skvortsova, Elena. "The relationship between digitalization and quality of life: measurement and interpretation." Population 24, no. 2 (2021): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.2.6.
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The article discusses the indicators of digitalization and quality of life, and their relationship. An overall assessment of the digitalization in Russia is given on the basis of statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service and the Network Readiness Index (NRI-2020), which consists of 62 different indicators, including indicators of the quality of life. A number of statistical indicators in the field of ICT, published by the Federal State Statistics Service annually, characterize the digitalization process in dynamics. The Network Readiness Index demonstrates the ability of national economy to develop in the context of the digital transformation. Russia ranks 48th out of 134 countries in the NRI. Based on the Index, the points of Russia's lagging behind the leading countries and the points of growth of network readiness are identified. The mutual influence of digitalization and quality of life is analysed at a quantitative level, and its interpretation is given at a qualitative level. Separate indicators of the NRI in the overall rating of countries characterize Russia's network readiness as being at a fairly high level, especially in the area of possessing resources and skills for effective use of the Internet by the population, business and government. This conclusion can be confirmed by the facts that Russia has its own national IT-services, competing with global foreign ones. Russia needs to make certain adjustments related to the lag in network readiness: to intensify investments in the digital infrastructure of the 5th generation, in the latest technologies, to improve the regulatory framework, the legislation on e-commerce. It is concluded that the relatively slow pace of the digitalization of Russian society, with the account of its possible negative socio-economic consequences, may rather be an advantage in adapting the population to the digital transformation.
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Malisuwan, Settapong, Wassana Kaewphanuekrungsi, Noppadol Tiamnara, and Nattakit Suriyakrai. "Thailand’s Position in the Network Readiness Index (NRI): Analysis and Recommendations." Journal of Economics, Business and Management 4, no. 5 (2016): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/joebm.2016.4.5.426.
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Košíková, Martina, and Petra Vašaničová. "Exploring the Link Between Digital Readiness and Sustainable Development: A Cluster Analysis of EU Countries." Sustainability 17, no. 11 (2025): 5080. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115080.
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This paper explores the relationship between digital readiness and sustainable development in European Union (EU) countries through a two-level cluster analysis based on the 2024 Network Readiness Index (NRI) and selected Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The first analysis groups countries by digital maturity across the NRI pillars: Technology, People, Governance, and Impact. The second focuses on SDG performance in areas such as health, education, gender equality, clean energy, and sustainable cities. Results reveal significant disparities between digital readiness and SDG achievements: some digitally advanced countries underperform in sustainability, while others with lower digital scores excel in SDG outcomes. The study identifies regional patterns, confirms a moderate positive correlation between NRI and SDG clusters (rs = 0.526), and underscores the need for integrated digital and sustainability policies. Recommendations are provided for targeted policymaking and international cooperation.
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Tabar, Saeed, Sushil Sharma, David Volkman, and HeeLak Lee. "Analyzing the Network Readiness Index in the United States to Assess ICT Infrastructure in Handling Crises Like COVID-19." International Journal of Electronic Government Research 17, no. 4 (2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijegr.2021100101.
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The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has caused disruption all over the world including in the US. It seems that this pandemic is going to stay for a while. Under current circumstances, what matters most is to mitigate its impact to get back to the daily routine as fast as possible. One answer to this challenge is to turn to technology, especially ICT (information and communication technology). Relying on ICT requires a dependable ICT infrastructure that can handle the fast-growing number of users transitioning to online mode. NRI (Network Readiness Index) is a composite index to measure the multi-faceted impact of ICT on society and development. It is a holistic framework measuring the impact of ICT on four fundamental dimensions of society: technology, people, governance, and impact. In this article, a thorough study of the NRI pillars in 2019 is conducted to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of network readiness in the US. The results of the analysis will provide insight into the trend of digital transformation in the USA.
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Tomic Rotim, Silvana, Jasminka Dobsa, and Zdravko Krakar. "Using Decision Trees for Identification of Most Relevant Indicators for Effective ICT Utilization." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 13, no. 1 (2013): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cait-2013-0008.
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Abstract This paper offers a brief overview of the research of ICT utilization and benefits of its usage. The results of several important studies conducted worldwide are presented. One of them is a study by the World Economic Forum that we use as the basis of our research. This study covers 134 countries, NRI (Network Readiness Index) is used as a parameter to distinguish the readiness of different countries to adopt ICT. NRI consists of 68 indicators that are organized into three groups. Each group describes one of the three main factors crucial for effective utilization of ICT: Environment, Readiness and Usage. The observed countries are divided into four groups (leaders, followers, league III and league IV) and classification by a decision tree is conducted. The decision tree method is applied to each of the three main factors and the results are presented by means of F1 measure.
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Bakumenko, L. P. "Statistical study of the level of world digitalization." Vestnik NSUEM, no. 4 (January 19, 2023): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34020/2073-6495-2022-4-061-075.
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The modern study of digitalization is based on the differentiation of indicators and types of activities into separate subgroups, one way or another characterizing the level of the digital economy, within a limited (subjective) expert opinion. This study was based on the Network Readiness Index (NRI), as one of the indicators created to assess the level of development of information and communication technologies (ICT) and the network economy (based on Internet technologies) in different countries of the world. The article presents the results of a statistical study of the society’s network readiness index using factor analysis methods to qualitatively change the dimension of a large data array. The classification of the countries of the world according to significant integral indicators of the network readiness index by cluster analysis methods is carried out, conclusions are drawn on the formation of the components of the network readiness index in various typological groups. On the basis of the developed classification, mathematical models were built for each independent group of countries to establish the relationship of the effective attribute from the explanatory integral components – f1 – sufficiency of network space conditions and f2 – technological activity. The resulting factors were GDP, million US dollars (GDP) and the human development index, HDI (HDI) as indicators illustrating the dynamics of changes in the economy and the conditions for the development of society, which should be directly affected by digitalization processes.
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Іванова, Н. С. "АНАЛІЗ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЦИФРОВОЮ ЕКОНОМІКОЮ УКРАЇНИ: ДОВІРА, РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ТА ЦИФРОВА НЕРІВНІСТЬ". Таврійський науковий вісник. Серія: Публічне управління та адміністрування, № 3 (29 липня 2024): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/tnv-pub.2024.3.3.
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У статті досліджено рівень управління цифровою економікою в Україні на основі аналізу субіндексу Governance індексу Network Readiness Index (NRI). Для цього використовувалася комбінація методів, таких як бібліометричний аналіз, порівняльний та ретроспективний аналізи, метод побудови профілів. Дослідження проведено за базою даних Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection, обробка яких виконувалася за допомогою R-пакету програмного забезпечення bibliometrix, та базою даних розрахунку Network Readiness Index. Представлене в статті дослідження управління цифровою економікою в Україні, проведене на основі аналізу субіндексу Governance індексу Network Readiness Index (NRI), підтверджує складність та важливість аспектів довіри, регулювання та інклюзії в контексті розвитку цифрових технологій. За результатами 2023 року Україна займає 58 місце серед 134 країн. При цьому за виміром ролі уряду у сприянні участі в мережевій економіці Україна займає лише 78 позицію; за рівнем сприятливості середовища довірі – 54 місце; за рівнем цифрової нерівності – 60 місце. Детальний аналіз управління за його вимірниками (довіра, регулювання та інклюзія) дозволили виокремити низьку прогалин, які гальмують розвиток мережевої економіки України: нерівність сільського населенням відносно здійснення або отримання цифрових; недостатній рівень адоптації Інтернет-контенту та послуг до потреб місцевого населення; недостатня якість, релевантність та корисність державних веб-сайтів; недостатній рівень адаптивності правової бази до новітніх технологій; недосконалі юридичні рамки для захисту конфіденційності користувачів Інтернету та їх даних; низький рівень зобов’язання з кібербезпеки. Отже, існує необхідність подальшого удосконалення регуляторного середовища для сприяння цифровому розвитку, вирішення проблем цифрових нерівностей та підвищення рівня довіри до цифрових технологій в Україні. Стаття дозволяє отримати глибоке розуміння сучасних викликів та можливостей управління цифровою економікою в Україні, що є актуальним для академічних та практичних досліджень.
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Sitnicki, Maksym, and Iryna Netreba. "INTERDEPENDENCE ASSESSING FOR NETWORKED READINESS INDEX ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INFORMATIVE FACTORS*." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 6, no. 2 (2020): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2020-6-2-47-53.
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The purpose of the paper is to identify the common factors and their influence on features of NRI and, as a result, the impact on the competitiveness and well-being of Ukraine. The most influential economic indicators for the similar economic changes in the European countries are determined. Exploratory factor analysis has been used to uncover the underlying structure of relationships between measured variables that constructs the value of the Networked Readiness Index (NRI). Methodology. This research is based on a materials for the Eastern European countries, including Ukraine, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Romania, which have been used for the numerical evaluation of the data. The selection criterion for these countries is in many respects a similar evolutionary path of market economy development. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is used to investigate possible relationships between variables that are unique factors and NRI. In this case, EFA is used to analyze the relationship between Environment subindex (Political and regulatory environment with Business and innovation environment), Readiness subindex (Infrastructure, Affordability and Skills), Usage subindex (Individual usage, Business usage, and Government usage) and Impact subindex (Economic impacts and Social impacts) or observable variables and how it is affected by total summary NRI. As the predefined structure has not been set, EFA is used to measure the underlying factors that affect the variables in the data structure. Selecting factors and variables so as to avoid too much similarity of characteristics is also important. The set of subindexes values is divided on 31 variables corresponding to the reports' data. EFA has been carried out on R programming language for statistical computing by using environment and graphics supported by the R Foundation for Statistical Computing (GNU project). Results. Data dependency estimation for the macroeconomically significant Network Readiness Index has been implemented. It is proposed to construct a space of constituent parameters. Eigenvectors have been obtained for an array of data for the economies of eight European countries, which allow us to estimate the general development trends for macroeconomic decision-making problems. In particular, three complex factors are identified. Practical implications. The vectors determine change of the constructs of the value of the Networked Readiness Index of countries. EFA with dataset rawfl, method is maximum likelihood, diagonals of the correlation matrix are equal to squared multiple correlations. PA test is carried out to compute the eigenvalues for the correlation matrix. The study also made it possible to forecast the pace of development of information technology under the influence of the global viral pandemic COVID 19, which will launch a global economic and social recession. Value/originality. The algorithm proposed in this research is proved improving of discriminating between indicators in construct of the value the Networked Readiness Index.
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Bronitskyy, Andriy, and Volodymyr Rudyk. "THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY ANALYSIS." Actual Problems of Economics 1, no. 286 (2025): 21–30. https://doi.org/10.32752/1993-6788-2025-1-286-21-30.
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The article presents the results of a study on the impact of information technologies on companies efficiency. Despite current challenges, Ukraine is experiencing an upward trend in information technology development, as evidenced by its rise in the Network Readiness Index (NRI) from 64th to 43rd position. Furthermore, global trends indicate an estimated 13.6% growth in the global data processing and analytics software market from 2024 to 2030. Consequently, it is important and necessary for enterprises to integrate modern software and information products into their financial activity analysis and establish appropriate infrastructure to make informed management decisions, improve operational efficiency, and ensure sustainable development in a competitive business environment.
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Guo, Yongsheng, Ezaddin Yousef, and Mirza Muhammad Naseer. "Examining the Drivers and Economic and Social Impacts of Cryptocurrency Adoption." FinTech 4, no. 1 (2025): 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/fintech4010005.
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This study investigates the key drivers and the economic and social impacts of cryptocurrency adoption. Based on panel data across 37 countries from 2020 to 2023, this research examines the interplay between cryptocurrency adoption and technology development, monetary policies, and economic and social development. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research incorporates panel data analysis across multiple countries to explore correlations and causal relationships between these variables. The study found that technology development, measured by the Network Readiness Index (NRI) enables cryptocurrency adoption. Economic conditions measured by higher national inflation rates and monetary policy indicators, including lower interest and exchange rates are the key drivers for cryptocurrency adoption. The empirical findings reveal that cryptocurrency adoption has negative relationships with economic development measured by the GDP growth rate, unemployment rate, and social development represented by the governance quality corruption index. It implies that cryptocurrency is used as a virtual anchor (digital gold) for national inflation. Findings reveal how network readiness, economic conditions, and monetary policies contribute to fostering cryptocurrency adoption, while resulting in impacts on economic growth, labour markets, and governance. The research contributes to the literature by integrating technological, economic, and governance perspectives to elucidate the role of cryptocurrency in reshaping the global economic and social systems.
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Miškufová, Marta, Martina Košíková, Petra Vašaničová, and Dana Kiseľáková. "Digitalization and Artificial Intelligence: A Comparative Study of Indices on Digital Competitiveness." Information 16, no. 4 (2025): 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/info16040286.
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The digital economy, driven by innovative technologies and artificial intelligence (AI), is transforming economic systems and increasing the demand for accurate assessments of digital competitiveness. This study addresses the inconsistencies in country rankings derived from global digital indices and aims to determine whether these rankings differ due to methodological variations. It also examines whether the rankings correlate significantly across different evaluation frameworks. The research focuses on 29 European countries and analyzes rankings from four widely recognized indices: the World Digital Competitiveness Ranking (WDCR), Network Readiness Index (NRI), AI Readiness Index (AIRI), and Digital Quality of Life Index (DQLI). To assess the consistency and variability in rankings from 2019 to 2024, the study applies Friedman’s ANOVA and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. The results demonstrate strong correlations at the level of country rankings, indicating a high degree of consistency, but also confirm statistically significant differences in rankings among the indices, which reflect the diversity of their conceptual foundations. Countries such as Finland, the Netherlands, and Denmark consistently achieve top rankings, indicating convergence, while more variability is observed in indices like the DQLI. These findings highlight the importance of rank-based, multidimensional assessments in evaluating digital competitiveness. They support the use of such assessments as policy tools for monitoring progress, identifying gaps, and promoting inclusive digital development.
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Csiszár, Csilla Margit. "Digital Intensity and Technology Adoption in European Enterprises: Comparative Analysis Using NRI and DESI 2023 Data." Theory, Methodology, Practice 19, no. 2 (2023): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2023.02.10.
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A number of targets aimed at promoting digital transformation have been set up within the framework of the 2020-2030 Digital Decade. An abundance of scientific research has shown the importance of digital technologies and the impact they have on the competitiveness of businesses. The objective of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the digital technology applications used by European Union enterprises in an effort to identify any potential linkages. This study primarily analyses the use of artificial intelligence (AI), cloud services, and Big Data, as well as the current level of digital intensity and skills. In addition, the research evaluates the extent to which the strategy document 2030 Digital Compass of the European Union, which delineated the goals pertaining to technology applications, has been achieved so far. The purpose of this assessment is to provide guidance for the subsequent seven years of the development stage. The evaluation is conducted with data acquired from the Network Readiness Index (NRI) and the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) for the year 2022.
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Huseynova, Arzu, and Ophelya Mazanova. "The Leading Role of Digital Technologies in the Development of the Smart City Concept in Azerbaijan." International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science 15, no. 3 (2023): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijitcs.2023.03.05.
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The article describes the application of the Smart City concept and the economic opportunities it creates, infrastructure and services, and opportunities to improve governance. The main features of the Smart City concept, development directions and evolution, standards and solutions, and factors and obstacles to its implementation have been analyzed by the author. The experience of different countries in the application of digital technologies is discussed. The article provides the scope and structure of the "smart" market, application stages, and scenarios The international experience in this direction was widely analyzed and examples were shown. The article talks about smart cities, the construction of which has already begun in Azerbaijan. The application of the smart city concept in Azerbaijan has been studied. It is stressed that the spread of digital technologies for the construction of a smart city in Azerbaijan is a prerequisite. The Network Readiness Index (NRI) identifies the indicators that are holding back Azerbaijan in the ranking for 2021.
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Kushnir, N., D. Tsaruk, V. Shpak, A. Dobrovolskyi, and R. Didukh. "Analysis of digitalization modern global trends and factors in the context of Ukraine’s agricultural sector." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1429, no. 1 (2024): 012006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1429/1/012006.
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Abstract The article outlines trends, barriers and opportunities for digitalization in Ukraine’s agricultural sector. Due to the rapid information technologies development, digitalization has become a key economic growth factor, particularly in Ukraine’s agricultural sector, which is critical for food security, especially during wartime. The article examines the Ukrainian national economy digitalization level and the ICT impact through the Network Readiness Index, which measures a country’s institutional system digital transformation readiness. The 2023 NRI score indicates that, despite being a lower-middle-income country, Ukraine outperforms many states in education, ICT service exports, and government online services, demonstrating its potential for further growth. The study also assesses the artificial intelligence, the IoT and PETs impact on agricultural value chains, which contribute to improving the agricultural management efficiency, optimizing resource use, reducing costs and enhancing products competitiveness. It was found that one of the main digitalization barriers in Ukraine’s agriculture is the innovation financing insufficient level. Moreover, in 2024, the commercial loans cost for agriculture is among the highest across economic sectors. To address these issues, it is suggested to focuse on improving digital literacy, developing partnerships, enhancing the regulatory framework, implementing remote sensing technologies, attracting digital transformation investments through grants and green financing programs.
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Siregar, Eddy Irsan, Wiwiek Prihandini, Muhammad Gunawan Setyadi, and Muhammad Ihyakulumudin. "A Government Role through ICT for Economic Growth." Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Bisnis 19, no. 2 (2022): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/jieb.v19i2.10751.
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- The economic growth processes and their acceleration have become essential factors in solving social and economic problems. Innovation-driven Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is believed to be the driver of economic growth. However, ICT raises the digital divide problem, which weakens the influence of ICT on economic growth. This study aims to develop a model that can explain the role of government as a factor that strengthens the influence of ICT on economic growth. The model is formulated using data from 114 countries listed in the Network Readiness Index (NRI) 2019. The study results prove that the digital divide is a factor that weakens the influence of ICT on economic growth and the role of government as a factor that strengthens the influence of ICT development on economic growth. This study recommends that innovations for ICT development provide options for countries that find it challenging to invest in ICT development, especially for 4.0 or 5.0 technological innovations. Nevertheless, human resource development is used to realize innovations in ICT development.
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Milovidov, Vladimir. "Pandemic in the Network Society: COVID-19 in EU and Latin America." Contemporary Europe 101, no. 1 (2021): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope12021130140.
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The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the factors related to the spread of the new coronavirus infection in Europe and Latin America. The choice of regions for comparison is due to a certain similarity of their peoples' cultures and religions, their linguistic commonality, the scale of infection of the population with the new coronavirus, clearly expressed specificity and different economic development levels. The criteria for the network society are: indicators of broadband Internet subscribers and Internet shopping, the proportion of households with Internet access and the Network Readiness Index (NRI). The article proves that the development of a modern network society can affect the spread of diseases in global pandemics. The author uses the example of the popularity of food delivery services in various countries to show that the features of the influence of elements of a networked society on the risks of COVID-19 infection are regional. The author provides arguments that ceteris paribus a high level of development of the network society is the most effective in terms of ensuring biological safety in countries with a higher standard of living, which retain their regional and cultural specifics and are distinguished by the presence of sufficiently strong local communities. The evolution of a network society opens up significant opportunities for developing countries, an improvement in the quality of life, and the emergence of new traditions. All this together changes the established social structures, groups, and local networks. The world is becoming more interconnected and interdependent. That requires collective efforts from the entire world community to equalize the living standards of the population in different countries of the world, which is necessary for minimizing risks during periods of global pandemics and possibly other biological crises.
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Tudose, Mihaela Brindusa, Amalia Georgescu, and Silvia Avasilcăi. "Global Analysis Regarding the Impact of Digital Transformation on Macroeconomic Outcomes." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (2023): 4583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054583.
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In the context of the development of information technologies, the concerns about assessing the effects of digital transformation have increased. Although it is intuitively accepted that digital transformation has a favourable impact on macroeconomic variables (based on the interdependencies between micro- and macroeconomic performance), there is little scientific research providing evidence of this. Building on this identified research problem, this study aims to bridge the gap between theory and practice. After assessing the extent to which the world’s economies have responded to the need for digital transformation, an econometric analysis was conducted to quantify the impact of digital transformation on economic and social outcomes. To ensure the representativeness of the results, the econometric analysis was conducted on a sample of 46 countries selected according to the size of their gross national income per capita. The NRI (Network Readiness Index) and the sub-indices associated with the economic environment (future technologies, business, and economy) were used as independent variables. Gross domestic product (GDP) was used as a dependent variable. The results indicate that NRI has a positive and significant impact on GDP per capita. Analysis at the sub-indices level partially confirms this result and highlights that their contributions to the growth of macroeconomic performance may be different. The study results have practical utility as they provide clues on the structural efficiency of the benchmarks underpinning the digital transformation. To increase the positive impact on macroeconomic outcomes, policy-makers can propose and implement policies to facilitate access to those technologies that prove to be more effective.
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Khaustova, Viktoriia Ye, Yevhen M. Kriachko, and Dmytro V. Bondarenko. "Evaluation of Digitalization Processes in the Countries of the World and Ukraine According to World Indices and Rankings." Business Inform 9, no. 560 (2024): 75–93. https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2024-9-75-93.
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The article determines that in modern realities, the spread of digitalization plays an important role in the economic growth of the countries of the world. Under these conditions, monitoring and evaluating the state of digitalization in countries is an important area of research. The aim of the article is to determine the level of digitalization of Ukraine on the basis of data from world indices and rankings and the place of Ukraine in relation to other countries of the world. The main indices and ratings that assess digitalization and the impact of information and communication technologies on the economic development of the countries of the world are considered. Their content and features are analyzed, and the place of Ukraine therein is studied. Among such indices, the following should be highlighted: Global Competitiveness Index (GCI); World Digital Competitiveness Index (WDCI); ICT Development Index (IDI); Network Readiness Index (NRI); Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI); E-Government Development Index (EGDI) Online Services Index (OSI); Telecommunications Infrastructure Index (TII); Human Capital Index (HCI); E-Participation Index (EPI); Global Connectivity Index (GCI); Mobile Connectivity Index (MCI); Digital Evolution: State (DES); Direction of the Historical Growth Trajectory (part of DEI); Ease of Doing Business (EDB). On the basis of the carried out study, it is determined that Ukraine has an average level of digitalization, which is quite heterogeneous in terms of spheres. However, the country also has significant potential for the development of digitalization. It is necessary first of all to expand access to electronic services and make them more convenient for users; increase investment in education and training in order to increase the digital literacy of the population; create favorable conditions for the development of new technologies and their introduction into the economy.
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Miethlich, Boris, Denis Belotserkovich, Samira Abasova, Еlena Zatsarinnaya, and Oleg Veselitsky. "Transformation of Digital Management in Enterprises Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic." Jurnal Institutions and Economies 14, no. 1 (2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/ijie.vol14no1.1.
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This study aims to examine changes in enterprise management during the COVID-19 pandemic and develop a universal mechanism for managing digital transformation. Its methodological basis is represented by a terminological analysis of the concepts of automation, digitalisation and digital transformation. Their close consideration enables us to form a conceptual scheme of business digitalisation. In sum, the study process shows that full-fledged and fruitful digital transformation can be achieved through restructuring a company’s business process management system. By comparing the outcomes of using digital platform-based business models, the most promising one was selected for use. Its practical application was studied in Azerbaijan, Russia, and Switzerland using the Network Readiness Index (NRI). The analysis made it possible to form business development strategies for each country reviewed and to develop a universal mechanism for digital transformation management by means of optimisation and modelling. The findings suggest that in pandemic settings, digital enterprise management concentrates on survival, self-learning and cooperation without intermediaries through innovation and the transformation of business processes. The strategies can be used to adopt digital technologies and attract investment. Further research can be directed at detailing the proposed mechanism.
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Khaustova, V. Y., O. I. Reshetnyak, M. M. Khaustov, and V. A. Zinchenko. "Analyzing the ICT-Sphere Development in Ukraine According to International Indices and Rankings." Business Inform 5, no. 532 (2022): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2022-5-40-56.
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The development of information and communication technologies (ICT) increases its impact on all spheres of socioeconomic activity, stimulates innovative development and contributes to the creation of new jobs. The purpose of this publication is to study the development of the ICT sphere in Ukraine according to international indices and rankings, and to determine the prospects for its development. The methodological basis of the article contains: review of international indices and rankings in the ICT sphere, graphic and statistical analysis. The most significant international rankings and indices that characterize the level of development of the IT sphere in the countries of the world are considered. Conventionally, they were divided into early indices that reflected the level of development of ICT countries in the world in general, and modern indices that largely reflect the development of certain directions of the IT sphere of the countries of the world. Early indices such as Infostate (Orbicom) and ICTOI include information on providing consumers with traditional communication technologies, while ICTDI, DOI already take into account the impact of using more recent communication technologies, i.e., the Internet. All early indices measuring the level of development of ICT of the countries of the world characterize the state of infrastructure development, use of and skills required by ICT in Ukraine as an average that should be improved. Among the modern indices, the structure of indices and the dynamics of values are considered on the example of Ukraine according to: Network Readiness Index (NRI); Global Communication Index (GCI); Inclusive Internet Index (3I-index); IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking (WDCR); Global Cybersecurity Index (GCsI); National CyberSecurity Index (NCSI); Global Innovation Index (GII); Global Knowledge Index (GKI). Most of the analyzed international rankings and indices demonstrate the strengthening of Ukraine’s position in the world ICT market in the pre-war years. With significant potential in the ICT sphere along with supporting its growth, we can hope for its rapid recovery and further development.
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СЄНКЕВИЧ, О. Ф. "Methodical approaches to models of transformation of digital economy and society." Economies' Horizons, no. 4(7) (December 31, 2018): 146–54. https://doi.org/10.31499/2616-5236.4(7).2018.208585.
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The purpose of the research. The aim of the article is to study and substantiate methodological approaches to building a model of transformation of the digital economy and society. Methodology. The general scientific methods, in particular generalizations, comparisons - for the analysis of views of scientists concerning factors, indicators, components and methodical approaches to construction of models of transformation of digital economy and society are applied in the researched. Results. It is proved that the main components of the concept of “digital economy” are the philosophy of big data, blockchain, cryptocurrency, architecture and infrastructure of the digital economy, smart city (region, country), identification and authentication, electronic services, electronic document management, electronic banking, cybersecurity, e-learning, etc. The main factors and indicators of development of the digital economy of Ukraine are revealed. These include the development of digital finance, social networks, digital identification and infrastructure, the protection of intellectual property, e-commerce and business, and the data revolution. The creation of a model of digital economy transformation is substantiated, which will take into account the incentives and motivation of the government for digitalization of business, development of digital infrastructure, updated projects of competitiveness of industries and spheres of the national economy. It is proved that the main tools for the transformation of digitalization include technology, industrial digital platforms, high-tech industries. It is proved that tracking the degree of impact of information and communication technologies on the economy as a whole and on its individual sectors is possible through the use and analysis of indices such as: Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), Network Readiness Index (NRI), digital capability (Digital Opportunity Index, DOI), ICT Development Index (ICT DI), digital access (Digital Access Index, DAI), digital transformation (Global Connectivity Index, GCI). Practical meaning. The main methodological approaches in shaping the transformation of the digital economy were systemic, parametric-diagnostic, statistical, institutional, differentiated, synergetic. Prospects for further research. The transformation of the digital economy model should be the result of building electronic interaction between business and government, open data, cybersecurity, blockchain, identification and trust, creating an ecosystem, transforming areas of life such as medicine, education, transport, security, ecology, tourism. All this will be the prospects for the author’s further research.
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Nderitu Imbamba, Esther, and Nancy Kimile. "A review of the status of e-government implementation in Kenya." Regional Journal of Information and Knowledge Management 2, no. 2 (2017): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.70759/qxtwap18.
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Abstract Rationale of Study – Successful implementation of today’s government operations requires effective policy making and system monitoring through relevant data and information. E-government offers an increased portfolio of public services in a cost-effective and efficient manner hence enabling governments to reinvent the ways through which they interact with citizens, private sector, employees and other stakeholders. Consequently, many countries have invested significant resources into collecting, processing, integrating, analysing and reporting data through information and communication technologies (ICTs). The aim of this paper is to review the status of e-government implementation in Kenya.Methodology – In order to measure the status of e-government, two indexes were used: 1) E-government Development Index (EGDI); and 2) Network Readiness Index (NRI). The study adopted a theoretical approach by conducting a review of literature on e-government in Kenya. Fit-Viability theory was used to assess the capacity of the Government of Kenya to roll out viable e-services to its citizens.Findings – The findings indicate that Kenya has made significant progress in e-government implementation. The benefits of e-government implementation in Kenya currently include enhanced e-participation, accountability, planning, monitoring and information sharing. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, policy and human capital development hamper the effectiveness of e-government projects in Kenya. These challenges may be surmounted through increased digital inclusivity, enhanced broadband connectivity, strengthened staff ICT skills and openness to new technologies.Implications – The findings of this study may be used by the Government of Kenya to plan, roll out and monitor e-government projects with a view to enhancing their success and impact.Originality – A number of studies on e-government in Kenya exist. Their focus has been on the factors affecting the effective implementation of e-government in Kenya. Periodical assessment of the status of the projects is lacking. This study seeks to fill this gap.
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Gevorkyan, A. Y. "Analyzing the Current State and Trends in the Development of Digitalization of Society in Ukraine." Business Inform 10, no. 525 (2021): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-10-128-134.
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The article is aimed at researching the state and trends in the development of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the course of digitalization of Ukraine. The need to monitor the development of both the ICT and the information society in the development of Ukraine’s information security strategy is substantiated. The author carries out the analysis of dynamics and structure of statistical indicators characterizing revenues from the provision of telecommunication services; of ensuring and using high-speed Internet by government agencies, business and the population; of development of e-commerce and the use of e-democracy instruments by public authorities and local self-government bodies. According to the results of the computation of the Index of Countries’ Readiness for Network Society obtained by the Nomura Research Institute (NRI), Ukraine’s place in the rating together with its neighboring countries was determined by the subgroups «Business» and «Government». It is determined that there is a trend of a consistent positive development of the information society, despite the problems associated with the lack of investment resources and a small level of budget financing, as well as the unsatisfactory pace of implementation of high-speed Internet, the uneven development of ICT in the regions of the country, the insufficient narrowing of the digital gap between cities and rural areas, the shortage of IT specialists, the export orientation of the IT industry. It was concluded that in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to more intensively implement ICT in remote education, healthcare, provision of administrative online services, intensification of the Internet of Things, etc. It is proposed to adapt the national statistical reporting to international requirements in order to identify the equivalent level of digitalization of Ukraine.
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Mikhailova-Staniuta, Iryna, and Iryna Demidovich. "STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF THE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES SECTOR IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS." University Economic Bulletin 37/1 (April 19, 2018): 28–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1220583.
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The article analyzes the main socio-economic indicators of the information and communication technologies sector of the Republic of Belarus and their dynamics, shows the place of the Republic of Belarus among the world leaders in terms of exports of ICT services, provides international ratings of innovation levels using the relevant indices. The paper presents the tools to achieve the goals of ICT development in accordance with the national strategy for sustainable socio-economic development of the Republic of Belarus for the period up to 2030. The relevance of the topic is based on the fact that a large number of foreign and domestic scientists are engaged in the study of ICT. On this basis, statistics are growing and becoming more complex, on the basis of which a rating assessment of ICT sector organizations is formed, which allows them to monitor their status and work on its improvement. The subject of the research is the analysis of innovative level of ICT sector organizations development in the Republic of Belarus. The objectives of the study are to assess the level and dynamics of ICT development by the main indicators of international ratings using international indices, compare with other countries and present their forecast values in accordance with the national strategy for sustainable socio – economic development of the Republic of Belarus.
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Ліпич, Любов. "IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON INTERCULTURAL ASPECTS OF COMMUNICATION." Economic journal of Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University 1, no. 37 (2024): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2786-4618-2024-01-135-143.
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Digitalization of business in combination with cultural diversity has created a new space and conditions where communication becomes a challenge. The purpose of the article is to identify intercultural aspects of communication in the context of digital business development. It is established that cultural sensitivity in business involves, on one hand, the formation of respect for legal and moral norms specific to a particular community, and on the other hand, enhances the operational efficiency of the company. It is argued that cultural factors influence decision-making in international business, and awareness and knowledge of cultural differences enhance the competitiveness of the company. It is postulated that the intercultural competencies of managers should be viewed in terms of their new functions and socio-professional roles in transnational organizations and through the lens of their cultural intelligence, which facilitates adaptation to new cultural realities and cultural freedom—a set of necessary skills, knowledge, and abilities for a manager in an international and even global dimension. The top 10 countries in the Digital Technology Usage Index (NRI) reveal three trends: they belong to high-income countries, demonstrate reliable network readiness in all dimensions, and European countries continue to dominate the list. These trends persisted in the 2023 ranking.
 The challenges hindering the development of digital trends and the transformation of the Ukrainian economy into a digital one are substantiated. Two scenarios for the development of digital business in Ukraine are identified depending on the assessment of the criticality and necessity of changes in the traditional economic structure: the inertial (evolutionary) and the targeted (forced). In the case of implementing the inertial scenario, the Ukrainian economy will remain inefficient, labor migration will continue, and Ukrainian products will be non-competitive in external markets. The targeted scenario envisions the transition of the Ukrainian economy to a digital one within 3-5 years. The result will be the emergence of new norms, standards, and value systems. The internationalization of management changes the traditional model of management communications.
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Binsfeld, Nico, Jason Whalley, and Lee Pugalis. "Playing the game: explaining how Luxembourg has responded to the Networked Readiness Index." Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance 19, no. 4 (2017): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dprg-02-2017-0008.
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Purpose Over the past decade or so, successive Luxembourgish governments have sought to develop the country’s information and communication technologies (ICT) sector. In this paper, the authors will aim to examine how Luxembourg’s relative position in the “Networked Readiness Index” (NRI), a key international benchmarking exercise published by the World Economic Forum, has evolved over time as these ambitions have been achieved. The paper also explores what policy initiatives could be implemented to further improve Luxembourg’s ranking in the NRI. Design/methodology/approach A longitudinal case study-based approach, drawing on secondary data and the annual publication of the NRI between 2003 and 2016, was adopted. Findings Luxembourg’s position in the NRI has improved from 27th in 2003, so that it now ranks among the top ten countries in the world. In particular, Luxembourg has substantially improved its position with regards to “infrastructure” and “international connectivity”. However, there are also areas, mainly linked to education, the provision of human resources and policies that allow for and stimulate entrepreneurship where further improvements appear possible. Social implications The paper highlights the need for an overall, holistic, ICT development strategy. Such a strategy would cover not only cover infrastructural and technical aspects but also educational, social, regulatory and economic issues as well. Originality/value The paper charts the evolution over time of Luxembourg’s position in an important international ICT index and identifies its current strengths and weaknesses in terms of the different elements that constitute the NRI. This paper represents the first attempt to investigate the position of a small country, which are often overlooked in the literature, in terms of its changing position and the policies developed and enacted by a national government.
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Soldic-Aleksic, Jasna, and Rade Stankic. "A comparative analysis of Serbia and the EU member states in the context of networked readiness index values." Ekonomski anali 60, no. 206 (2015): 45–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1506045s.
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Nowadays it is generally accepted that information and communication technologies (ICT) are important drivers and ?enabling? technologies that have a broad impact on many sectors of the economy and social life. Therefore, measuring the level of ICT development, their economic and social impact, and the country?s readiness to use them are of great importance. In this paper we present the conceptual framework of the Networked Readiness Index (NRI) proposed by the World Economic Forum, and analyse the relative position of Serbia and its ?distance? from the EU member states in the domain of NRI indicator variables. For this purpose we have applied the Kohonen Self-Organizing Map (the SOM algorithm), which provides the visual image, as a virtual map, of observed countries and their groupings. The resulting SOM map indicates that in the complex NRI space, Serbia is located in a group of EU states that includes Romania, Croatia, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Poland, the Czech Republic, and the Slovak Republic. In comparison to other countries, this group shows the poorest performance in the NRI landscape. In addition, our empirical analysis points to the areas in which policy intervention can boost the impact of ICT on Serbian economic development and growth.
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Souria, Hammache. "interaction between economic digitalization and economic growth in MENA region." les cahiers du cread 40, no. 1 (2024): 193–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/cread.v40i1.7.
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This study analyses the influence of economic digitalization on economic growth in MENA region. We applied a system GMM estimator on a sample composed of 15 MENA countries from the period of 2012 to 2016. We used the Networked Readiness Index (NRI) to capture the economic digitalization. The results show that the digitalization is positively associated with economic growth. All the NRI sub-indexes variables seem to be positively significant; however, skills and education variables are not significant. This study recommends the MENA governments to invest more in ICT, especially in ICT human capital to enhance economic growth in the region, and use efficiently labor force when adopting the frontier technology.
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Hallová, Marcela, Tomáš Tóth, and Martina Hanová. "Digital Skills in the Context of the Economic Growth of Countries." Balkans Journal of Emerging Trends in Social Sciences 7, no. 1 (2024): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/balkans.jetss.2024.7.1.21-28.
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The digital environment has become an essential part of everyday life, work, and education. Digital skills are crucial for personal and professional success in today’s technological age. OECD and EU statistics indicate that approximately 90% of job positions require digital skills at various levels. The more skilled and adept employees are in businesses, the more the company progresses, which subsequently influences the country’s economic growth and development. Different indices have been created to compare the digital performance of countries. One of the most used is The Networked Readiness Index (NRI) and The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI). The aim of the article is to describe the levels of digital skills of citizens and compare the level of digital skills in Slovakia and EU countries in the year 2022. The data will be obtained from the databases of the mentioned NRI and DESI indices.
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Kleszcz, Agnieszka, and Ewa Nowak. "Competitiveness of European Union countries in terms of the level of digitalization." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 65, no. 5 (2020): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1331.
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Digitalization involves an increase in the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in all areas of the economy and all domains of the functioning of a society. Technologies of this kind affect the level of competitiveness of economies. The aim of the article is to compare the levels of competitiveness of European Union countries in the field of information and communication technologies, on the basis of indices developed by international institutions.The European Commission, World Economic Forum and Eurostat databases were used for comparative analysis of economies. Synthetic indices, such as the 9th pillar of the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI Pillar 9), the European Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) and the Networked Readiness Index (NRI) were used to compare the levels of digitalization of the economies. The actual individual consumption (AIC) value was adopted as an indicator of the wealth of EU economies. Changes in single indices were analysed as follows: in the NRI in 2014–2016, in the GCI Pillar 9 in 2015–2017 and in the DESI in 2016–2018, while the multi-character classification of countries according to the three variables (the NRI, DESI and GCI Pillar 9) was performed for the year 2016. Ward's hierarchical method and non-hierarchical analysis of k-means clusters were used to this effect. The multiple regression model revealed relationships between the welfare level measured by the AIC and the level of digitalization. The NRI turned out to be the best predictor. The results of the analysis indicate that there are still differences between the ‘old’ and the ‘new’ EU countries in terms of the development of the ICT sector.
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Ribeiro, Lucas Douglas, Arthur Henrique de Lima Ferreira, Juscelino Júnior De Oliveira, and Rose Mary de Souza Batalha. "Design of a transmission-line metamaterial with a negative index of refraction at S-Band / Concepção de um metamaterial de linha de transmissão com um índice negativo de refracção na banda S." Brazilian Journal of Development 7, no. 7 (2021): 73312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n7-486.
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A metamaterial based on a two-dimensional transmission-line network loaded with inductors and capacitors enabling to achieve negative-refractive-index (NRI) is developed. The dispersion characteristics are calculated by their equivalent circuit model and an operating frequency of 2.95 GHz in which there is impedance matching with free space is chosen in the S-Band. This NRI metamaterial supports transverse electric (TE) waves, thus it can be used in applications such as lensing.
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Moroz, Miroslaw. "The Level of Development of the Digital Economy in Poland and Selected European Countries: A Comparative Analysis." Foundations of Management 9, no. 1 (2017): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fman-2017-0014.
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Abstract An assessment of the degree of the development of the digital economy in Poland in comparison to chosen European countries is the main purpose of the paper. The methodology of the conducted research is based on the analysis of secondary sources and applying statistical methods. In order to make the comparison in methodically correct manner, synthetic measures of the development of the e-economy were used in the form of two indexes: NRI (Networked Readiness Index) and DESI (Digital Economy and Society Index). On the basis of available statistical data, four European countries were confronted with Poland. Results of the analysis indicate a relatively unfavorable situation of Poland.
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Pratipatti, Satya, and Ahmed Gomaa. "A Longitudinal Analysis of the Impact of the Indicators in the Networked Readiness Index (NRI)." Journal of International Technology and Information Management 28, no. 2 (2019): 17–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.58729/1941-6679.1407.
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Wu, Leihong, Yi Wang, Jing Nie, Xiaohui Fan, and Yiyu Cheng. "A Network Pharmacology Approach to Evaluating the Efficacy of Chinese Medicine Using Genome-Wide Transcriptional Expression Data." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/915343.
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The research of multicomponent drugs, such as in Chinese Medicine, on both mechanism dissection and drug discovery is challenging, especially the approaches to systematically evaluating the efficacy at a molecular level. Here, we presented a network pharmacology-based approach to evaluating the efficacy of multicomponent drugs by genome-wide transcriptional expression data and applied it to Shenmai injection (SHENMAI), a widely used Chinese Medicine composed of red ginseng (RG) and Radix Ophiopogonis (RO) in clinically treating myocardial ischemia (MI) diseases. The disease network, MI network in this case, was constructed by combining the protein-protein interactions (PPI) involved in the MI enriched pathways. The therapeutic efficacy of SHENMAI, RG, and RO was therefore evaluated by a network parameter, namely, network recovery index (NRI), which quantitatively evaluates the overall recovery rate in MI network. The NRI of SHENMAI, RG, and RO were 0.876, 0.494, and 0.269 respectively, which indicated SHENMAI exerts protective effects and the synergistic effect of RG and RO on treating myocardial ischemia disease. The successful application of SHENMAI implied that the proposed network pharmacology-based approach could help researchers to better evaluate a multicomponent drug on a systematic and molecular level.
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Guo, Xiaoqing. "Assessment of the country's readiness to use complex management technologies based on global indices: case study of China." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics and Technology 8, no. 3 (2023): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2023-3-20.
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The article presents a comprehensive argument for introducing modern integrated management technologies. This introduction is contingent not only upon assessing internal enterprise environments and their capability to utilize such technologies but also necessitates the consideration of various readiness components at the national level. These components include personnel, digital, financial, and institutional readiness. It is recommended that international indices such as the Global Innovation Index, Global Talent Competitiveness Index, Network Readiness Index, and Financial Development Index be analyzed to assess a country's readiness for adopting integrated management technologies. The case study was conducted using China as an example, evaluating its readiness to adopt integrated management technologies. It was discovered that China exhibits a commendable level of personnel readiness, as evidenced by its improved rankings in both the Global Innovation Index and the Global Talent Competitiveness Index. Furthermore, China demonstrates a high degree of accessibility to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and effective utilization of these technologies. This contributes significantly to developing a digital society, fostering enhanced government, citizens, and business interactions. It is worth noting that areas requiring attention include enhancing legislative safeguards for privacy and further developing the regulatory framework for ICT. China exhibits positive trends in its financial institutions and financial markets, indicating substantial efforts towards establishing an efficient and stable financial system. However, challenges persist regarding access to financial markets and institutions, warranting focused management interventions to bolster this aspect. Additionally, there are favorable developments in the institutional and business environment, albeit specific regulatory and legal issues remain to be addressed. Simultaneously, the business climate is improving, evidenced by simplified startup procedures and bankruptcy processes. These improvements are poised to stimulate entrepreneurial activity and attract investments to the country. The proposed assessment methodology enables determining the country's readiness level in supporting business entities' integration of modern management technologies. Keywords: integrated management technologies, personnel readiness, digital readiness, financial readiness, institutional readiness, Global Innovation Index, Global Talent Competitiveness Index, Network Readiness Index, Financial Development Index.
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Piratla, Kalyan R., and Samuel T. Ariaratnam. "Assessment of metrics for resilient design of water distribution networks." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 64, no. 6 (2015): 660–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2015.014.
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Water distribution networks (WDNs) play a crucial role in the well-being of human populations and economic prosperity. It is essential that they cope with abnormal operating conditions and recover functionality quickly. Traditionally, WDNs are designed using cost and reliability objectives, but there is a lack of consensus on the definition and quantification of reliability which typically is a computationally intense process. Subsequently, various reliability-like metrics, called resilience indices, have been developed and demonstrated in the design of WDNs. Few studies exist that thoroughly evaluate the performance of the previously developed resilience metrics. This paper investigates three resilience metrics by evaluating their performance on three benchmark WDNs for several simulated mechanical failure states. The metrics studied are: (a) resilience index, (b) network resilience index (NRI), and (c) modified resilience index (MRI). The metric MRI performed better overall but NRI produced cheaper designs that performed better in the case of WDN-I. It is recommended that a better metric that incorporates different dimensions of resilience, such as robustness and redundancy, should be developed in the future.
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Jasim, Balasim Saadoun, and Dejela I. Mahdi. "Comparison Bennett's Inequality and Regression in Determining the Optimum Sample Size for Estimating the Net Reclassification Index (NRI) Using Simulation." Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences 27, no. 129 (2021): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33095/jeas.v27i129.2181.
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Researchers have increased interest in recent years in determining the optimum sample size to obtain sufficient accuracy and estimation and to obtain high-precision parameters in order to evaluate a large number of tests in the field of diagnosis at the same time. In this research, two methods are used to determine the optimum sample size to estimate the parameters of high-dimensional data. These methods are the Bennett inequality method and the regression method. The nonlinear logistic regression model is estimated by the size of each sampling method in high-dimensional data using artificial intelligence, which is the method of artificial neural network (ANN) as it gives a high-precision estimate commensurate with the data type and type of medical study. The probabilistic values obtained from the artificial neural network are used to calculate the net reclassification index (NRI). A program is written for this purpose using the statistical programming language (R), where the mean maximum absolute error criterion (MME) of the net reclassification network index (NRI) was used to compare the methods of specifying the sample size and the presence of the number of different default parameters in light of the value of a specific error margin (ε). To verify the performance of the methods using the comparison criteria above, the most important conclusions are that the Bennett inequality method is the best in determining the optimum sample size according to the number of default parameters and the error margin value
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Jasim, Balasim Saadoun, and Dejela I. MAHDI. "comparison Bennett's inequality and regression in determining the optimum sample size for estimating the Net Reclassification Index (NRI) using simulation." Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences 27, no. 128 (2021): 152–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33095/jeas.v27i128.2161.
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Researchers have increased interest in recent years in determining the optimum sample size to obtain sufficient accuracy and estimation and to obtain high-precision parameters in order to evaluate a large number of tests in the field of diagnosis at the same time. In this research, two methods were used to determine the optimum sample size to estimate the parameters of high-dimensional data. These methods are the Bennett inequality method and the regression method. The nonlinear logistic regression model is estimated by the size of each sampling method in high-dimensional data using artificial intelligence, which is the method of artificial neural network (ANN) as it gives a high-precision estimate commensurate with the data type and type of medical study. The probabilistic values obtained from the artificial neural network are used to calculate the net reclassification index (NRI). A program was written for this purpose using the statistical programming language (R), where the mean maximum absolute error criterion (MME) of the net reclassification network index (NRI) was used to compare the methods of specifying the sample size and the presence of the number of different default parameters in light of the value of a specific error margin (ε). To verify the performance of the methods using the comparison criteria above were the most important conclusions were that the Bennett inequality method is the best in determining the optimum sample size according to the number of default parameters and the error margin value
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Alba, Charles. "A Statistical Analysis on The Effects of a Nation’s Individual Network Usage on A Business’s Capacity for Innovation." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 7, no. 3 (2020): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v7i3.29765.
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In this paper, we aimed to look at a Nations Individual Network usage and its effects on a business’s capacity for innovation. We do so through the utilization of data from 2016 World Economic Forum (WEF) Networked Readiness Index report. In order to best determine the effects of a Nations Individual Network usage on a business’s capacity for innovation, we create the most suitable supervised Machine Learning model through stepwise regression. We did so with the use of the numerous variables in the 6th pillar of the Network Readiness report, which reflect a nations individual network usage, against the Capacity for innovation Index found in the 7th pillar of the Network Readiness Index. Of the 6 initial prior variables in the 6th Pillar reflecting Individual Network Usage, stepwise regression outputs a best fit and an appropriate model that contains predictors “Use of virtual social networks”, “Rate of Mobile broadband subscriptions” and “Rate of Mobile phone subscriptions” as significant factors in predicting a Business’s Capacity for innovation. The results are utilized to make policy-proposals to both governments and businesses with the aim of improving a nations Business’s Capacity for Innovation. 
 Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 7, Issue-3: 113-130
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Shi, Quanshan, Ling Liu, Huaichuan Duan, et al. "Revealing Allosteric Mechanism of Amino Acid Binding Proteins from Open to Closed State." Molecules 28, no. 20 (2023): 7139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28207139.
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Amino acid binding proteins (AABPs) undergo significant conformational closure in the periplasmic space of Gram-negative bacteria, tightly binding specific amino acid substrates and then initiating transmembrane transport of nutrients. Nevertheless, the possible closure mechanisms after substrate binding, especially long-range signaling, remain unknown. Taking three typical AABPs—glutamine binding protein (GlnBP), histidine binding protein (HisJ) and lysine/arginine/ornithine binding protein (LAOBP) in Escherichia coli (E. coli)—as research subjects, a series of theoretical studies including sequence alignment, Gaussian network model (GNM), anisotropic network model (ANM), conventional molecular dynamics (cMD) and neural relational inference molecular dynamics (NRI-MD) simulations were carried out. Sequence alignment showed that GlnBP, HisJ and LAOBP have high structural similarity. According to the results of the GNM and ANM, AABPs’ Index Finger and Thumb domains exhibit closed motion tendencies that contribute to substrate capture and stable binding. Based on cMD trajectories, the Index Finger domain, especially the I-Loop region, exhibits high molecular flexibility, with residues 11 and 117 both being potentially key residues for receptor–ligand recognition and initiation of receptor allostery. Finally, the signaling pathway of AABPs’ conformational closure was revealed by NRI-MD training and trajectory reconstruction. This work not only provides a complete picture of AABPs’ recognition mechanism and possible conformational closure, but also aids subsequent structure-based design of small-molecule oncology drugs.
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Zhanbirov, G., A. Toktamyssova, B. Mussabayev, Y. S. Tanachova, and T. A. Zheldak. "Digitalization approach in education based on applying the network readiness index as the universal metric." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 4 (August 30, 2022): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-4/162.
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Purpose. To achieve an integrated approach to assess the readiness of a higher educational institution for digital transformation in the form of a multi-criteria analysis of the university activities and development. Methodology. The approach of educational institutions rating assessment, based on a hierarchical criterion, called the Index of Information and Communication Technologies Development (hereinafter ICT Index) is proposed in the work. The approach is considered to be an analogy of the Networked Readiness Index developed by the Information Technology Group at Harvard Universitys Center. Findings. It is proposed to follow the approach of the ICT Index calculating as a universal metric for the digital transformation level assessment of educational institutions based on the Networked Readiness Index, namely to adopt abstract categories of top-level criteria and to average the values of hierarchical nesting. Originality. The approach originality consists in the weight coefficients input at any level of the hierarchy. In addition, the approach provides a flexible choice of the Index resulting scale for the most understandable interpretation of the results, as well as the universal mathematical apparatus development for Index calculating. The proposed mathematical apparatus can be easily modified for any specificity of an educational institution and its criteria. Practical value. The use of the ICT Index for all educational institutions in Kazakhstan will solve the problems of automating processes to ensure training and expanding the technological capabilities of educational institutions for modifying the forms of education at the state level by bringing the assessment indicators of all objects to a single scale.
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Kamneva, Victoria, and Daria Baeva. "ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF DIGITALIZATION BASED ON REGIONAL NETWORK READINESS INDEX." Bulletin of South Ural State University series "Economics and management" 15, no. 1 (2021): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/em210104.
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Kovacikova, Martina, and Katarina Stofkova. "SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE INTERNET OF THINGS DURING GLOBALIZATION." Proceedings of CBU in Economics and Business 1 (November 16, 2020): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/peb.v1.27.
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Continuous technological progress makes it possible to use the Internet of Things (IoT) in broader dimensions. Digitization, computerization, and innovation are now key factors for businesses and countries to achieve added value and make progress in competitiveness and attractiveness. These are also optimal conditions for the application of IoT. This study aims to show the status of the implementation of IoT in neighboring countries — the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic — compared to the United Kingdom, which is in the lead. Similarly, the goal was to compare the areas of digitization and informatization to the Networked Readiness Index (NRI), the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), and the Digital Transformation Scoreboards (DTS). Material support for this paper was garnered from the relevant literature. The theoretical basis for issues related to IoT was presented after analyzing secondary sources to determine the current state of the industry and the level of digitization. The those indexes were compared using data from Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and the UK. The UK is among the leaders in the field of IoT. The resulting data are presented graphically. Slovak companies that operate mainly in the industrial sector are beginning to discover and implement IoT. More and more cities are adopting this technology. The situation in the UK is already quite far along. During the evaluation of the NRI, DESI, and DTS, Slovakia was ranked lowest, the Czech Republic was ranked slightly higher, and the UK was rated the highest. Comparison of the digitization of the economy and society, and the deployment and use of ICT highlight the need for further development of these areas in the Slovak and Czech republics.
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Tran, Lam Quynh Trang, Dai Thich Phan, and Manh Tuan Nguyen. "Digital Economy: A Comparative Study in ASEAN." Theory, Methodology, Practice 18, no. 2 (2022): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2022.02.05.
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The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is an area with the rapid adoption of technology, the growth of internet and mobile phone users, region-wide digital initiatives to increase connectivity between markets, and the drastic acceleration of digitalization across practically all aspects of the economy. Currently, especially in the Covid-19 pandemic period, the digital economy is a key factor driving the growth of the region's economy. Based on the Networked Readiness Index (NRI), the study will analyze and compare the differences between ASEAN countries in terms of the digital economy. The purpose of the study is to understand the strengths and weaknesses of each country, thereby giving an overview of the potential of ASEAN countries in the period of digital economy readiness. The study results clearly show the digital economy gap and many differences in terms of the people pillar across countries. Singapore and Malaysia are among the top digital economies in the region; however, only Thailand made substantial progress from 2019–2021. Although ranked the lowest in the digital economy, Lao PDR and Cambodia have many positive improvements. Although ASEAN countries have strengths in digital technology, applying digital technology toward sustainable development is still a challenge for most countries in the region.
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-, Nurmawiya, and Robert Kurniawan. "PENGELOMPOKAN WILAYAH INDONESIA DALAM MENGHADAPI REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0 DENGAN METODE BICLUSTERING." Seminar Nasional Official Statistics 2020, no. 1 (2021): 790–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.34123/semnasoffstat.v2020i1.511.
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Indonesia sedang berada dalam era revolusi industri 4.0 yang mana untuk menghadapi era tersebut diperlukan kesiapan dari berbagai sisi terutama masyarakat. Era ini dapat memberikan keuntungan pertumbuhan ekonomi bagi Indonesia, akan tetapi dapat berakibat buruk berupa hilangnya sejumlah lapangan pekerjaan akibat adanya automasi. Oleh karena itu, kesiapan masyarakat memegang peranan penting dalam menghadapi era ini. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengelompokkan wilayah kabupaten/kota di Indonesia dengan menggunakan variabel indikator kesiapan yang terdapat dalam networked readiness index (NRI) oleh World Economic Forum (WEF). Metode pengelompokan yang digunakan adalah biclustering dengan algoritma cheng dan church. Pengelompokan dengan metode tersebut menghasilkan 5 bicluster di mana bicluster 4 adalah kelompok yang memiliki nilai rataan terendah untuk setiap variabel. Posisi terendah ini kemudian diikuti oleh bicluster 3. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, pemerintah perlu menjadikan kabupaten/kota yang tercakup dalam bicluster 4 dan 3 sebagai prioritas dalam melakukan pembenahan untuk mempersiapkan masyarakatnya menghadapi revolusi industri 4.0.
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Silva, Diego S., Gabrielli Harumi Yamashita, Marcelo Nogueira Cortimiglia, Priscila G. Brust-Renck, and Carla Schwengber ten Caten. "Are we ready to assess digital readiness? Exploring digital implications for social progress from the Network Readiness Index." Technology in Society 68 (February 2022): 101875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101875.
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Li, Xuedi, Alyssa Kahane, Charles D. G. Keown‐Stoneman, et al. "Early childhood body mass index growth and school readiness: A longitudinal cohort study." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 38, no. 8 (2024): 733–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppe.13114.
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AbstractBackgroundChild growth influences future health and learning. School readiness refers to a child's ability to meet developmental expectations at school entry. The association of early growth rate and patterns with school readiness remains unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the association of child body mass index (BMI) growth with school readiness in a cohort of young children.MethodsA prospective cohort study (2015–2022) was conducted in children 0–6 years enrolled in the TARGet Kids! research network in Toronto, Canada. Two analytical approaches were used to measure growth using child weight and height/length data between 0 and 4 years: (i) age‐ and sex‐standardised BMI (zBMI) growth rate per year using a piecewise linear model; and (ii) distinct zBMI trajectories using latent class mixed models. School readiness (4–6 years) was measured using teacher‐completed Early Development Instrument (EDI). Robust Poisson models and marginal linear models using generalised estimating equations were used adjusting for confounders identified a priori.ResultsIn this study of 1077 children (mean age at EDI completion: 4.8 years; 52.6% male) with 6415 zBMI measurements, mean growth rate was 0.65 zBMI units/year (0–2 years) and −0.11 zBMI units/year (2–4 years). Two distinct zBMI trajectories were identified: the stable trajectory and the catch‐up trajectory. There was insufficient evidence that zBMI growth rates (risk ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval 0.78, 1.55 for 0–2 years; risk ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.32, 1.57 for 2–4 years) or trajectories (risk ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval 0.82, 1.35, catch‐up trajectory vs. stable trajectory) were associated with school readiness.ConclusionsNo association was found between BMI growth and school readiness. School readiness may be more impacted by factors directly related to obesity or adiposity at the time of EDI measurement rather than growth.
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Hristoski, Ilija S., and Olivera B. Kostoska. "System dynamics approach for the economic impacts of ICTs: evidence from Macedonia." Information Development 34, no. 4 (2017): 364–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266666917702430.
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Measuring the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on the economy is a major challenge and a research question standing at the forefront of economics in the past years. In terms of methodologies, two approaches have been followed extensively, i.e. the standard growth accounting methodology and the regression-based models. This paper aims at developing an alternative approach to studying the usage and impact of ICTs. For this purpose, a two-step methodology is proposed here. At first, hierarchical cluster analysis is used to provide an objective clustering of countries (Macedonia and EU-28) according to 53 indicator values/scores of the Networked Readiness Index. Furthermore, a system dynamics model is proposed to simulate the evolution of the NRI indicator values for Macedonia. This second step allows for examining the potential of the country to improve its rankings on a global scale and thus, become better at leveraging ICTs for increased competitiveness and well-being. Beyond the rankings, the proposed methodology can serve as a useful guide for those attributes Macedonia should focus on in order to improve its position relative to other countries, i.e. to move from its current to the next higher cluster.
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Rana, Masud, Rebeka Sultana Rekha, and Hasibul Islam. "The Impact of Digitalization on the Economic Growth of Bangladesh." Journal of Business Studies 03, no. 01 (2022): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.58753/jbspust.3.1.2022.7.
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Purpose: The study showed the impact of digitalization on the economic growth of Bangladesh. Methodology: The researcher used secondary data to analyze the relationship between variables. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the effect of explanatory variables and explained variable. For performing statistical analysis, STATA programming environment was used to this study. Telecommunication infrastructure index and online service index were used as explanatory variables. GDP growth rate used as explained variable. Findings: The regression result showed the significant and positive impact of telecommunication infrastructure index and online service index on GDP growth rate. The variable explained was 86.6%, which was higher and indicate that these variable effect mostly on the GDP growth rate. Due to data insufficiency, the researcher cannot compare network readiness index and GDP growth rate. However, the study has found that there is significant level growth of the network readiness index and GDP growth rate. Further, the study should be conducted with more data and other variables. Practical Implications: A developing country like Bangladesh, an appropriate infrastructure policy will helpful for all stage of development, that will drive the process of economic development. Policymakers should give sufficient support to establish the digital infrastructure. Originality: The study found that in Bangladesh digitalization indicators have been more effective effect on economic growth. Research Limitations: The limitation of the research is the generalization of the findings. Further researchers should conduct studies to find other variables that increase the impact digitalization.