Journal articles: 'Neural stress processing'

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Weymar, Mathias, Lars Schwabe, Andreas Löw, and Alfons O. Hamm. "Stress Sensitizes the Brain: Increased Processing of Unpleasant Pictures after Exposure to Acute Stress." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 24, no. 7 (July 2012): 1511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00174.

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A key component of acute stress is a surge in vigilance that enables a prioritized processing of highly salient information to promote the organism's survival. In this study, we investigated the neural effects of acute stress on emotional picture processing. ERPs were measured during a deep encoding task, in which 40 male participants categorized 50 unpleasant and 50 neutral pictures according to arousal and valence. Before picture encoding, participants were subjected either to the Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test (SECPT) or to a warm water control procedure. The exposure to the SECPT resulted in increased subjective and autonomic (heart rate and blood pressure) stress responses relative to the control condition. Viewing of unpleasant relative to neutral pictures evoked enhanced late positive potentials (LPPs) over centro-parietal scalp sites around 400 msec after picture onset. Prior exposure to acute stress selectively increased the LPPs for unpleasant pictures. Moreover, the LPP magnitude for unpleasant pictures following the SECPT was positively associated with incidental free recall performance 24 hr later. The present results suggest that acute stress sensitizes the brain for increased processing of cues in the environment, particularly priming the processing of unpleasant cues. This increased processing is related to later long-term memory performance.

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Sadeh, Naomi, Jeffrey M. Spielberg, Stacie L. Warren, Gregory A. Miller, and Wendy Heller. "Aberrant Neural Connectivity During Emotional Processing Associated With Posttraumatic Stress." Clinical Psychological Science 2, no. 6 (May 14, 2014): 748–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702614530113.

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Sinha, Rajita, Cheryl M. Lacadie, R. Todd Constable, and Dongju Seo. "Dynamic neural activity during stress signals resilient coping." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 31 (July 18, 2016): 8837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600965113.

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Active coping underlies a healthy stress response, but neural processes supporting such resilient coping are not well-known. Using a brief, sustained exposure paradigm contrasting highly stressful, threatening, and violent stimuli versus nonaversive neutral visual stimuli in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we show significant subjective, physiologic, and endocrine increases and temporally related dynamically distinct patterns of neural activation in brain circuits underlying the stress response. First, stress-specific sustained increases in the amygdala, striatum, hypothalamus, midbrain, right insula, and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) regions supported the stress processing and reactivity circuit. Second, dynamic neural activation during stress versus neutral runs, showing early increases followed by later reduced activation in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), left DLPFC, hippocampus, and left insula, suggested a stress adaptation response network. Finally, dynamic stress-specific mobilization of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VmPFC), marked by initial hypoactivity followed by increased VmPFC activation, pointed to the VmPFC as a key locus of the emotional and behavioral control network. Consistent with this finding, greater neural flexibility signals in the VmPFC during stress correlated with active coping ratings whereas lower dynamic activity in the VmPFC also predicted a higher level of maladaptive coping behaviors in real life, including binge alcohol intake, emotional eating, and frequency of arguments and fights. These findings demonstrate acute functional neuroplasticity during stress, with distinct and separable brain networks that underlie critical components of the stress response, and a specific role for VmPFC neuroflexibility in stress-resilient coping.

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Meier, Jacqueline Katharina, Mathias Weymar, and Lars Schwabe. "Stress Alters the Neural Context for Building New Memories." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 12 (December 2020): 2226–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01613.

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Stressful events affect mnemonic processing, in particular for emotionally arousing events. Previous research on the mechanisms underlying stress effects on human memory focused on stress-induced changes in the neural activity elicited by a stimulus. We tested an alternative mechanism and hypothesized that stress may already alter the neural context for successful memory formation, reflected in the neural activity preceding a stimulus. Therefore, 69 participants underwent a stress or control procedure before encoding neutral and negative pictures. During encoding, we recorded high-density EEG and analyzed—based on multivariate searchlight analyses—oscillatory activity and cross-frequency coupling patterns before stimulus onset that were predictive of memory tested 24 hr later. Prestimulus theta predicted subsequent memory in controls but not in stressed participants. Instead, prestimulus gamma predicted successful memory formation after stress, specifically for emotional material. Likewise, stress altered the patterns of prestimulus theta–beta and theta–gamma phase–amplitude coupling predictive of subsequent memory, again depending on the emotionality of the presented material. Our data suggest that stress changes the neural context for building new memories, tuning this neural context specifically to the encoding of emotionally salient events. These findings point to a yet unknown mechanism through which stressful events may change (emotional) memory formation.

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Liddell, Belinda J., Jessica Cheung, Tim Outhred, Pritha Das, Gin S. Malhi, Kim L. Felmingham, Angela Nickerson, et al. "Neural Correlates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Trauma Exposure, and Postmigration Stress in Response to Fear Faces in Resettled Refugees." Clinical Psychological Science 7, no. 4 (April 5, 2019): 811–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702619841047.

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Refugees are exposed to multiple traumatic events and postmigration stressors, elevating risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but there is limited research into how these factors affect emotional neural systems. Here, resettled refugees in Australia ( N = 85) completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan while viewing fear and neutral faces. We examined the influence of PTSD symptoms, cumulative trauma, and recent postmigration stress on neural reactivity and regional coupling within the refugee sample. Cumulative trauma and postmigration stress but not PTSD symptoms correlated with fear-related brain activity and connectivity. Trauma exposure correlated with stronger activity but overall decreased connectivity in the bilateral posterior insula/rolandic operculum, postcentral gyrus, ventral anterior cingulate cortex, and posterior cingulate gyrus. Postmigration stress correlated with fusiform gyrus hyperactivity and increased connectivity in face-processing networks. Findings highlight the impact of past trauma and recent postmigration stress on fear-related neural responses within refugees over and above PTSD symptoms.

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Hatou, K., A. P. Pamungkas, and T. Morimoto. "Image Processing by Artificial Neural Networks for Stress Diagnosis of Tomato." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 44, no. 1 (January 2011): 1768–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.02875.

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Matthews, Gerald, Jinchao Lin, and Ryan Wohleber. "Personality, Stress and Resilience." Psihologijske teme 26, no. 1 (2017): 139–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/pt.26.1.6.

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Personality traits are consistently correlated with various indices of acute psychological stress response, including negative emotions and performance impairment. However, resilience is a complex personal characteristic with multiple neural and psychological roots. This article advocates a multifactorial approach to understanding resilience that recognizes the complexity of the topic both empirically and theoretically. The Trait-Stressor-Outcome (TSO) framework for organizing empirical data recognizes the multiplicity of traits, stressors and outcome metrics that may moderate stress response. Research requires a fine-grained data collection approach that discriminates multiple stress factors. Also, multiple layers of theory are necessary to explain individual differences in stress response, including biases in neural functioning, attentional processing, as well as styles of coping and emotion-regulation. Cognitive science differentiates multiple levels of explanation and allows for the integration of mechanisms at multiple levels of abstraction from the neural substrate. We illustrate the application of the multifactorial approach to collecting interpreting data on operator stress resulting from interaction with technology.

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Henckens, Marloes J. A. G., Floris Klumpers, Daphne Everaerd, Sabine C. Kooijman, Guido A. van Wingen, and Guillén Fernández. "Interindividual differences in stress sensitivity: basal and stress-induced cortisol levels differentially predict neural vigilance processing under stress." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 11, no. 4 (December 14, 2015): 663–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsv149.

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Neumeister, P., K. Feldker, C. Y. Heitmann, C. Buff, L. Brinkmann, M. Bruchmann, and T. Straube. "Specific amygdala response to masked fearful faces in post-traumatic stress relative to other anxiety disorders." Psychological Medicine 48, no. 7 (September 27, 2017): 1209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717002513.

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AbstractBackgroundAltered amygdala activation to fear-related stimuli has been proposed to be a potential neural correlate of heightened threat sensitivity in anxiety- and stress-related disorders. However, the role of stimulus awareness and disorder specificity remains widely unclear. Here we investigated amygdala responses to conscious and unconscious fearful faces in patients suffering from panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and in a large sample of healthy controls (HC).MethodsDuring event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging participants (n = 120; 20 PD, 20 GAD, 20 PTSD, 60 HC) were confronted with briefly presented fearful faces, neutral faces, and non-faces in a backward masking paradigm. The design allowed for the analysis of trial-by-trial face detection performance and amygdala responses to fearful v. neutral faces.ResultsAll participants exhibited increased amygdala activation to fearful v. neutral faces during conscious trials. Specifically during unconscious face processing, the PTSD, compared with all other groups, showed higher right basolateral (BLA) amygdala activity to fearful v. neutral faces.ConclusionsThe present study shows that BLA amygdala hyperactivity during unconscious, but not conscious, processing of fearful faces differentiates PTSD from the investigated disorders. This finding suggests an automatic and specific neural hyper-responsivity to general fear cues in PTSD and supports the idea of categorical differences between PTSD and other anxiety-related disorders.

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Sanjuan, Pilar M., Chloe Andrews, and Eric D. Claus. "Abnormal target detection and novelty processing neural response in posttraumatic stress disorder." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 85 (July 2018): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.04.003.

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Lederbogen, Florian, Peter Kirsch, Leila Haddad, Fabian Streit, Heike Tost, Philipp Schuch, Stefan Wüst, et al. "City living and urban upbringing affect neural social stress processing in humans." Nature 474, no. 7352 (June 2011): 498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10190.

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Neumeister, P., B. Gathmann, D. Hofmann, K. Feldker, C. Y. Heitmann, L. Brinkmann, and T. Straube. "Neural correlates of trauma-related single word processing in posttraumatic stress disorder." Biological Psychology 138 (October 2018): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.09.010.

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Feller, Liviu, Gal Feller, Theona Ballyram, Rakesh Chandran, Johan Lemmer, and Razia Abdool Gafaar Khammissa. "Interrelations between pain, stress and executive functioning." British Journal of Pain 14, no. 3 (November 27, 2019): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2049463719889380.

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Aim: The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the interrelations between pain, stress and executive functions. Implications for practice: Self-regulation, through executive functioning, exerts control over cognition, emotion and behaviour. The reciprocal neural functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system allows for the integration of cognitive and emotional neural pathways and then for higher-order psychological processes (reasoning, judgement etc.) to generate goal-directed adaptive behaviours and to regulate responses to psychosocial stressors and pain signals. Impairment in cognitive executive functioning may result in poor regulation of stress-, pain- and emotion-related processing of information. Conversely, adverse emotion, pain and stress impair executive functioning. The characteristic of the feedback and feedforward neural connections (quantity and quality) between the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system determine adaptive behaviour, stress response and pain experience.

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Villarreal, Mirta F., Agustina E. Wainsztein, Rocío Álvarez Mercè, Ximena Goldberg, Mariana N. Castro, Luis Ignacio Brusco, Soledad Ladrón de Guevara, et al. "Distinct Neural Processing of Acute Stress in Major Depression and Borderline Personality Disorder." Journal of Affective Disorders 286 (May 2021): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.055.

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Schulz, André, Dana Schultchen, and Claus Vögele. "Interoception, Stress, and Physical Symptoms in Stress-Associated Diseases." European Journal of Health Psychology 27, no. 4 (October 2020): 132–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2512-8442/a000063.

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Abstract. The brain and peripheral bodily organs continuously exchange information. Exemplary, interoception refers to the processing and perception of ascending information from the body to the brain. Stress responses involve a neurobehavioral cascade, which includes the activation of peripheral organs via neural and endocrine pathways and can thus be seen as an example for descending information on the brain-body axis. Hence, the interaction of interoception and stress represents bi-directional communication on the brain-body axis. The main hypothesis underlying this review is that the dysregulation of brain-body communication represents an important mechanism for the generation of physical symptoms in stress-related disorders. The aims of this review are, therefore, (1) to summarize current knowledge on acute stress effects on different stages of interoceptive signal processing, (2) to discuss possible patterns of abnormal brain-body communication (i.e., alterations in interoception and physiological stress axes activation) in mental disorders and chronic physical conditions, and (3) to consider possible approaches to modify interoception. Due to the regulatory feedback loops underlying brain-body communication, the modification of interoceptive processes (ascending signals) may, in turn, affect physiological stress axes activity (descending signals), and, ultimately, also physical symptoms.

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Song, Woo Jae, and Eun Sang Lee. "A Study on the Prediction and Comparison of Processing Using the Artificial Neural Network in Nitinol Electrochemical Machining." Key Engineering Materials 793 (January 2019): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.793.23.

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Nitinol consists of nickel and titanium. Nitinol is one of the shape memory alloys, which changes the crystal structure at a certain temperature and is restored to a memorized form. Because of these unique features, it is used in medical devices, high precision sensors, and aerospace industries. However, Nitinol is a traditional method of processing, resulting in thermal deformation and residual stress after processing. Therefore, the electrochemical machining (ECM), which does not produce residual stress and thermal deformation, has emerged as an alternative processing technique. This study used artificial neural network (ANN), which are the basis of AI, to replace conventional design of experiments (DOE). This method was shown to be more useful than conventional method of design of experiments (RSM, Taguchi) by applying artificial neural network to electrochamical machining (ECM) and comparing root mean square errors (RMSE).

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Nakata, Hiroki, Misaki Oshiro, Mari Namba, and Manabu Shibasaki. "Effects of passive heat stress on human somatosensory processing." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 309, no. 11 (December 1, 2015): R1387—R1396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00280.2015.

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Herein, we investigated the effects of passive heat stress on human somatosensory processing recorded by somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs). Fifteen healthy subjects received a median nerve stimulation at the left wrist under two thermal conditions: Heat Stress and normothermic Time Control. The latencies and amplitudes of P14, N20, P25, N35, P45, and N60 at C4′ and P14, N18, P22, and N30 at Fz were evaluated. Under the Heat Stress condition, SEPs were recorded at normothermic baseline (1st), early in heat stress (2nd), when esophageal temperature had increased by ∼1.0°C (3rd) and ∼2.0°C (4th), and after heat stress (5th). In the Time Control condition, SEPs were measured at the same time intervals as those in the Heat Stress condition. The peak latencies and amplitudes of SEPs did not change early in heat stress. However, the latencies of P14, N20, and N60 at C4′ and P14, N18, and P22 at Fz were significantly shorter in the 4th session than in the 1st session. Furthermore, the peak amplitudes of P25 and N60 at C4′, and P22 and N30 at Fz decreased with increases in body temperature. On the other hand, under the Time Control condition, no significant differences were observed in the amplitudes or latencies of any component of SEPs. These results suggested that the conduction velocity of the ascending somatosensory input was accelerated by increases in body temperature, and hyperthermia impaired the neural activity of cortical somatosensory processing.

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Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, and Heike Tost. "ABNORMALITIES OF NEURAL SOCIAL STRESS PROCESSING AND EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA." Schizophrenia Research 153 (April 2014): S28—S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(14)70095-7.

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Meyer-Arndt, Lil, Stefan Hetzer, Susanna Asseyer, Judith Bellmann-Strobl, Michael Scheel, Jan-Patrick Stellmann, Christoph Heesen, et al. "Blunted neural and psychological stress processing predicts future grey matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis." Neurobiology of Stress 13 (November 2020): 100244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100244.

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Dong, Daifeng, Chuting Li, Xue Zhong, Yidian Gao, Chang Cheng, Xiaoqiang Sun, Ge Xiong, et al. "Neuroticism modulates neural activities of posterior cingulate cortex and thalamus during psychosocial stress processing." Journal of Affective Disorders 262 (February 2020): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.003.

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Andersen, Elizabeth, Alana Campbell, and Aysenil Belger. "543. Dysregulated Affective Neural Processing in Schizophrenia Patients and Controls following Psychosocial Stress Exposure." Biological Psychiatry 81, no. 10 (May 2017): S220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.02.1151.

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Naqvi, Syed Faraz, Syed Saad Azhar Ali, Norashikin Yahya, Mohd Azhar Yasin, Yasir Hafeez, Ahmad Rauf Subhani, Syed Hasan Adil, Ubaid M. Al Saggaf, and Muhammad Moinuddin. "Real-Time Stress Assessment Using Sliding Window Based Convolutional Neural Network." Sensors 20, no. 16 (August 7, 2020): 4400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164400.

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Mental stress has been identified as a significant cause of several bodily disorders, such as depression, hypertension, neural and cardiovascular abnormalities. Conventional stress assessment methods are highly subjective and tedious and tend to lack accuracy. Machine-learning (ML)-based computer-aided diagnosis systems can be used to assess the mental state with reasonable accuracy, but they require offline processing and feature extraction, rendering them unsuitable for real-time applications. This paper presents a real-time mental stress assessment approach based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The CNN-based approach afforded real-time mental stress assessment with an accuracy as high as 96%, the sensitivity of 95%, and specificity of 97%. The proposed approach is compared with state-of-the-art ML techniques in terms of accuracy, time utilisation, and quality of features.

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Robertson, R. Meldrum, Ken D. Dawson-Scully, and R. David Andrew. "Neural shutdown under stress: an evolutionary perspective on spreading depolarization." Journal of Neurophysiology 123, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 885–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00724.2019.

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Neural function depends on maintaining cellular membrane potentials as the basis for electrical signaling. Yet, in mammals and insects, neuronal and glial membrane potentials can reversibly depolarize to zero, shutting down neural function by the process of spreading depolarization (SD) that collapses the ion gradients across membranes. SD is not evident in all metazoan taxa with centralized nervous systems. We consider the occurrence and similarities of SD in different animals and suggest that it is an emergent property of nervous systems that have evolved to control complex behaviors requiring energetically expensive, rapid information processing in a tightly regulated extracellular environment. Whether SD is beneficial or not in mammals remains an open question. However, in insects, it is associated with the response to harsh environments and may provide an energetic advantage that improves the chances of survival. The remarkable similarity of SD in diverse taxa supports a model systems approach to understanding the mechanistic underpinning of human neuropathology associated with migraine, stroke, and traumatic brain injury.

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Tang, Tiong Yew, Simon Egerton, and János Botzheim. "Spiking Reflective Processing Model for Stress-Inspired Adaptive Robot Partner Applications." International Journal of Artificial Life Research 7, no. 1 (January 2017): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijalr.2017010105.

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In a real-world environment, a social robot is constantly required to make many critical decisions in an ambiguous and demanding (stressful) environment. Hence, a biological stress response system model is a good gauge indicator to judge when the robot should react to such environment and adapt itself towards the environment changes. This work is to implement the Smerek's reflective processing model into human-robot communication application where reflective processing is triggered during such situations where the best action is not known. The authors want to investigate how to address better the human-robot communication problems with the focus on reflective processing model in the perspectives of working memory, Spiking Neural Network (SNN) and stress response system. The authors had applied their proposed Spiking Reflective Processing model for the human-robot communication application in a university population. The initial experimental results showed the positive attitude changes before and after the human-robot interaction experiment.

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Zhou, Yucheng, and Feifei Zhou. "Cognitive neural mechanism of sports competition pressure source." Translational Neuroscience 10, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2019-0025.

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Abstract At sports events, the athletes by the pressure source is varied, based on the stress status of athletes, many athletes stress related experts at home and abroad to design questionnaire, questionnaire and sports events for athletes with often life process of in-depth and meticulous investigation, has formed the one whole set athletes pressure source of cognitive neuroscience assessment system, sports competition for athlete’s "escort". By participating in state general administration of sports scientific research project " management system of athlete competition pressure cognitive neuroscience" the development of using psychological pressure on athletes’ source data, the application of natural language processing and machine learning technology research these data, mainly using clustering algorithm and recommendation algorithm, thus forming pressure source research results are applied in sports competitions.

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Chamberlin, D. Eric. "The Network Balance Model of Trauma and Resolution—Level I: Large-Scale Neural Networks." Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 13, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 124–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.13.2.124.

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There are three large-scale neural networks in the brain. The default mode network functions in autobiographical memory, self-oriented and social cognition, and imagining the future. The central executive network functions in engagement with the external world, goal-directed attention, and execution of actions. The salience network mediates interoception, emotional processing, and network switching. Flexible, balanced participation of all three networks is required for the processing of memory to its most adaptive form to support optimal behavior. The triple network model of psychopathology suggests that aberrant function of these networks may result in diverse clinical syndromes of psychopathology (Menon, 2011). Acute stress causes a shift in the balance of the large-scale networks, favoring the salience network and rapid, evolutionarily proven survival responses. This shift results in memory being processed by the amygdala and hippocampus, with limited participation of the prefrontal cortex. Typically following the resolution of stress, balance of the three networks is restored, and processing of memory with prefrontal cortex participation resumes spontaneously. The Network Balance Model of Trauma and Resolution posits that failure to restore network balance manifests clinically as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with inadequately processed and dysfunctionally stored memory (Chamberlin, 2014). Using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy as an example, the model illustrates how the phases of the standard protocol activate specific networks, restoring network balance and the optimal processing of memory. The model offers a physiological mechanism of action for the resolution of psychological trauma in general, and EMDR therapy in particular.

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Chang, Ruo Han, Zhong Yi Cai, and Chao Jie Che. "Hot Deformation Characterization of Mg-Sm-Zn-Zr Alloy Using Artificial Neural Network and 3D Processing Map." Key Engineering Materials 723 (December 2016): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.252.

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The true stress-strain data from isothermal hot compression tests on Gleeble-1500D thermo mechanical simulator, in a wide range of temperatures (350-450°C) and strain rates (0.001-1s-1), was employed to establish the PSO-BP network prediction model and 3D processing map of Mg-Sm-Zn-Zr alloy. It was found that the PSO-BP model could be efficient and accurate in predicting flow stress, most of relative errors were in the range of -4% to 6%, and the average relative error was found to be 1.52%. Then considering the effect of strain, the 3D processing map was established to characterize the hot workability of the alloy. The 3D processing map exhibited the maximum efficiency domain and the instability domain, which could be used to determine the optimal deformation conditions. The optimum processing parameters of Mg-Sm-Zn-Zr alloy were deformation temperatures of 400-450°C and strain rates of 0.003-0.1s-1.

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Lu, Yunkai, Palgun Reddy Pulasani, Reza Derakhshani, and Trent M. Guess. "Application of neural networks for the prediction of cartilage stress in a musculoskeletal system." Biomedical Signal Processing and Control 8, no. 6 (November 2013): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2013.04.004.

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Filbey, F. M., D. Beaton, and S. Prashad. "The contributions of the endocannabinoid system and stress on the neural processing of reward stimuli." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 106 (March 2021): 110183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110183.

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Park, Chan Hee, Dojin Cha, Minsoo Kim, N. S. Reddy, and Jong-Taek Yeom. "Neural Network Approach to Construct a Processing Map from a Non-linear Stress–Temperature Relationship." Metals and Materials International 25, no. 3 (November 30, 2018): 768–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12540-018-00225-8.

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Bryant, Richard A., Kim L. Felmingham, Andrew H. Kemp, Matthew Barton, Anthony S. Peduto, Chris Rennie, Evian Gordon, and Leanne M. Williams. "Neural Networks of Information Processing in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study." Biological Psychiatry 58, no. 2 (July 2005): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.021.

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Jatzko, A., A. Schmitt, T. Demirakca, E. Weimer, and D. F. Braus. "Disturbance in the neural circuitry underlying positive emotional processing in post–traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)." European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 256, no. 2 (September 12, 2005): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00406-005-0617-3.

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Wu, Jiajun, Xuejun Liu, Hongchao Qiao, Yongjie Zhao, Xianliang Hu, Yuqi Yang, and Jibin Zhao. "Using an artificial neural network to predict the residual stress induced by laser shock processing." Applied Optics 60, no. 11 (April 6, 2021): 3114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.421431.

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Bell, B. A., M. L. Phan, A. Meillère, J. K. Evans, S. Leitner, D. S. Vicario, and K. L. Buchanan. "Influence of early-life nutritional stress on songbird memory formation." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1887 (September 26, 2018): 20181270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1270.

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In birds, vocal learning enables the production of sexually selected complex songs, dialects and song copy matching. But stressful conditions during development have been shown to affect song production and complexity, mediated by changes in neural development. However, to date, no studies have tested whether early-life stress affects the neural processes underlying vocal learning, in contrast to song production. Here, we hypothesized that developmental stress alters auditory memory formation and neural processing of song stimuli. We experimentally stressed male nestling zebra finches and, in two separate experiments, tested their neural responses to song playbacks as adults, using either immediate early gene (IEG) expression or electrophysiological response. Once adult, nutritionally stressed males exhibited a reduced response to tutor song playback, as demonstrated by reduced expressions of two IEGs ( Arc and ZENK ) and reduced neuronal response, in both the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM) and mesopallium (CMM). Furthermore, nutritionally stressed males also showed impaired neuronal memory for novel songs heard in adulthood. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, that developmental conditions affect auditory memories that subserve vocal learning. Although the fitness consequences of such memory impairments remain to be determined, this study highlights the lasting impact early-life experiences can have on cognitive abilities.

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Xu, Wen Ji, Jian Cheng Fang, F. Liu, Xu Yue Wang, and Zhi Yu Zhao. "Application of Neural Network in Plasma-Arc Flexible Forming." Key Engineering Materials 291-292 (August 2005): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.291-292.615.

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Flexible forming using plasma arc (FFUPA) is a newly developed method of sheet metal forming. It makes the forming by means of thermal stress and thermal strain without mould and die, and is recognized as a promising forming method in developing new products. But the forming effect of FFUPA is determined by many factors, which compose a highly nonlinear system due to their complicated interact. As a result, it is difficult to predict the forming results and choose the processing parameters in FFUPA. In this paper, BP neural network is applied to solve this problem. After introducing the mechanism of FFUPA and analyzing the influence of processing parameters on the forming result, BP neural network is established, which include an input layer, an output layer and a hidden layer. When inputs and outputs are properly chosen, the BP neural network can be used to predict the forming results and to select the forming parameters. To verify the validity of this network, the results obtained by the BP neural network are compared to those obtained by experiments, and the results show that the former is close to the later, which indicates it is feasible to apply BP neural network in determining the processing parameters and forecasting the bending effects in FFUPA.

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Kessel, Ellen M., Brady D. Nelson, Megan Finsaas, Autumn Kujawa, Alexandria Meyer, Evelyn Bromet, Gabrielle A. Carlson, Greg Hajcak, Roman Kotov, and Daniel N. Klein. "Parenting style moderates the effects of exposure to natural disaster-related stress on the neural development of reactivity to threat and reward in children." Development and Psychopathology 31, no. 04 (February 6, 2019): 1589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001347.

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AbstractLittle is known about the effect of natural disasters on children's neural development. Additionally, despite evidence that stress and parenting may both influence the development of neural systems underlying reward and threat processing, few studies have brought together these areas of research. The current investigation examined the effect of parenting styles and hurricane-related stress on the development of neural reactivity to reward and threat in children. Approximately 8 months before and 9 months after Hurricane Sandy, 74 children experiencing high and low levels of hurricane-related stress completed tasks that elicited the reward positivity and error-related negativity, event-related potentials indexing sensitivity to reward and threat, respectively. At the post-Hurricane assessment, children completed a self-report questionnaire to measure promotion- and prevention-focused parenting styles. Among children exposed to high levels of hurricane-related stress, lower levels of promotion-focused, but not prevention-focused, parenting were associated with a reduced post-Sandy reward positivity. In addition, in children with high stress exposure, greater prevention-focused, but not promotion-focused, parenting was associated with a larger error-related negativity after Hurricane Sandy. These findings highlight the need to consider contextual variables such as parenting when examining how exposure to stress alters the development of neural reactivity to reward and threat in children.

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Chu, Denise A., Richard A. Bryant, Justine M. Gatt, and Anthony WF Harris. "Cumulative childhood interpersonal trauma is associated with reduced cortical differentiation between threat and non-threat faces in posttraumatic stress disorder adults." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 53, no. 1 (March 9, 2018): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867418761578.

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Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder and childhood trauma frequently co-occur. Both are associated with abnormal neural responses to salient emotion stimuli. As childhood trauma is a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder, differentiating between their neurophysiological effects is necessary to elucidate the neural pathways by which childhood trauma exposure contributes to increased posttraumatic stress disorder risks. Methods: Face-specific N170 evoked response potentials for backward-masked (non-conscious) and conscious threat (fear, angry) and non-threat (happy) faces were measured in 77 adults (18–64 years old, 64% women, 78% right-handed) symptomatic for posttraumatic stress disorder. Differences in N170 peak amplitudes for fear-versus-happy and angry-versus-happy faces at bilateral temporo-occipital (T5, T6) sites were computed. The effect of cumulative exposure to childhood interpersonal trauma, other childhood trauma, adult trauma, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity on the N170 response was assessed using hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Results: T5 N170 peak amplitudes for non-conscious fear-versus-happy faces were inversely related to cumulative childhood interpersonal trauma after accounting for socio-demographic, clinical symptom and other trauma factors. Posttraumatic stress disorder Avoidance was positively associated with N170 peak amplitudes for non-conscious fear-versus-happy faces, primarily due to reduced N170 responsivity to happy faces. Conclusion: Childhood interpersonal trauma exposure is associated with reduced discrimination between fear and happy faces, while avoidance symptom severity is associated with dampened responsivity to automatically processed happy faces in posttraumatic stress disorder adults. Results are discussed in terms of the likely contributions of impaired threat discrimination and deficient reward processing during neural processing of salient emotion stimuli, to increased risks of posttraumatic stress disorder onset and chronicity in childhood interpersonal trauma–exposed adults.

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Negreira, Alyson M., and Chadi G. Abdallah. "A Review of fMRI Affective Processing Paradigms Used in the Neurobiological Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." Chronic Stress 3 (January 2019): 247054701982903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2470547019829035.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder is a chronic and debilitating psychiatric disorder with a complex clinical presentation. The last two decades have seen a proliferation of literature on the neurobiological mechanisms subserving affective processing in posttraumatic stress disorder. The current review will summarize the neuroimaging results of the most common experimental designs used to elucidate the affective signature of posttraumatic stress disorder. From this summary, we will provide a heuristic to organize the various paradigms discussed and report neural patterns of activations using this heuristic as a framework. Next, we will compare these results to the traditional functional neurocircuitry model of posttraumatic stress disorder and discuss biological and analytic variables which may account for the heterogeneity within this literature. We hope that this approach may elucidate the role of experimental parameters in influencing neuroimaging findings.

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Akdeniz, Ceren, Heike Tost, Fabian Streit, Leila Haddad, Stefan Wüst, Axel Schäfer, Michael Schneider, Marcella Rietschel, Peter Kirsch, and Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg. "Neuroimaging Evidence for a Role of Neural Social Stress Processing in Ethnic Minority–Associated Environmental Risk." JAMA Psychiatry 71, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.35.

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Raffone, Antonino, and Cees van Leeuwen. "Chaos and neural coding: Is the binding problem a pseudo-problem?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 5 (October 2001): 826–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0139009x.

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Tsuda's article suggests several plausible concepts of neurodynamic representation and processing, with a thoughtful discussion of their neurobiological grounding and formal properties. However, Tsuda's theory leads to a holistic view of brain functions and to the controversial conclusion that the “binding problem” is a pseudo-problem. By contrast, we stress the role of chaotic patterns in solving the binding problem, in terms of flexible temporal coding of visual scenes through graded and intermittent synchrony.

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Zhang, X., H. Yan, S. Shah, G. Yang, X. Zhao, J. Zhu, X. Zhang, et al. "Rural and Urban Childhood Environment Effects on Episodic Memory." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1025.

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IntroductionChildhoods in urban or rural environments may differentially affect risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we leveraged on dramatic urbanization and rural-urban migration since the 1980s in China to explore the hypothesis that rural or urban childhoods may differentially influence memory processing and neural responses to neutral and aversive stimuli.ObjectivesExplore the underlying mechanisms of childhood environment effect on brain function and neuropsychiatric risk.MethodsWe examined 420 adult subjects with similar current socioeconomic status and living in Beijing, China, but with differing rural (n = 227) or urban (n = 193) childhoods. In an episodic memory paradigm scanned in a 3 T GE MRI, subjects viewed blocks of neutral or aversive pictures in the encoding and retrieval sessions.ResultsEpisodic memory accuracy for neutral stimuli was less than for aversive stimuli (P < 0.001). However, subjects with rural childhoods apparently performed less accurately for memory of aversive but not neutral stimuli (P < 0.01). In subjects with rural childhoods, there was relatively increased engagement of bilateral striatum at encoding, increased engagement of bilateral hippocampus at retrieval of neutral and aversive stimuli, and increased engagement of amygdala at aversive retrieval (P < 0.05 FDR corrected, cluster size > 50).ConclusionsRural or urban childhoods appear associated with physiological and behavioural differences, particularly in the neural processing of aversive episodic memory at medial temporal and striatal brain regions. It remains to be explored the extent to which these effects relate to individual risk for neuropsychiatric or stress-related disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Feldker, K., C. Y. Heitmann, P. Neumeister, S. V. Tupak, E. Schrammen, R. Moeck, P. Zwitserlood, M. Bruchmann, and T. Straube. "Transdiagnostic brain responses to disorder-related threat across four psychiatric disorders." Psychological Medicine 47, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 730–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291716002634.

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BackgroundThere is an ongoing debate whether transdiagnostic neural mechanisms are shared by different anxiety-related disorders or whether different disorders show distinct neural correlates. To investigate this issue, studies controlling for design and stimuli across multiple anxiety-related disorders are needed.MethodThe present functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigated neural correlates of visual disorder-related threat processing across unmedicated patients suffering from panic disorder (n = 20), social anxiety disorder (n = 20), dental phobia (n = 16) and post-traumatic stress disorder (n = 11) relative to healthy controls (HC; n = 67). Each patient group and the corresponding HC group saw a tailor-made picture set with 50 disorder-related and 50 neutral scenes.ResultsAcross all patients, increased activation to disorder-related v. neutral scenes was found in subregions of the bilateral amygdala. In addition, activation of the lateral amygdala to disorder-related v. neutral scenes correlated positively with subjective anxiety ratings of scenes across patients. Furthermore, whole-brain analysis revealed increased responses to disorder-related threat across the four disorders in middle, medial and superior frontal regions, (para-)limbic regions, such as the insula and thalamus, as well as in the brainstem and occipital lobe. We found no disorder-specific brain responses.ConclusionsThe results suggest that pathologically heightened lateral amygdala activation is linked to experienced anxiety across anxiety disorders and trauma- and stressor-related disorders. Furthermore, the transdiagnostically shared activation network points to a common neural basis of abnormal responses to disorder-related threat stimuli across the four investigated disorders.

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Lee, Ah-Hyoung, Jihun Lee, Farah Laiwalla, Vincent Leung, Jiannan Huang, Arto Nurmikko, and Yoon-Kyu Song. "A Scalable and Low Stress Post-CMOS Processing Technique for Implantable Microsensors." Micromachines 11, no. 10 (October 5, 2020): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11100925.

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Implantable active electronic microchips are being developed as multinode in-body sensors and actuators. There is a need to develop high throughput microfabrication techniques applicable to complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-based silicon electronics in order to process bare dies from a foundry to physiologically compatible implant ensembles. Post-processing of a miniature CMOS chip by usual methods is challenging as the typically sub-mm size small dies are hard to handle and not readily compatible with the standard microfabrication, e.g., photolithography. Here, we present a soft material-based, low chemical and mechanical stress, scalable microchip post-CMOS processing method that enables photolithography and electron-beam deposition on hundreds of micrometers scale dies. The technique builds on the use of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) carrier substrate, in which the CMOS chips were embedded and precisely aligned, thereby enabling batch post-processing without complication from additional micromachining or chip treatments. We have demonstrated our technique with 650 μm × 650 μm and 280 μm × 280 μm chips, designed for electrophysiological neural recording and microstimulation implants by monolithic integration of patterned gold and PEDOT:PSS electrodes on the chips and assessed their electrical properties. The functionality of the post-processed chips was verified in saline, and ex vivo experiments using wireless power and data link, to demonstrate the recording and stimulation performance of the microscale electrode interfaces.

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Wang, Qing, J. Lai, and Dong Li Sun. "Artificial Neural Network Models for Predicting Flow Stress and Microstructure Evolution of a Hydrogenized Titanium Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.541.

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The effects of hydrogen contents and processing parameters of hot deformation on a Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy were investigated. Hot compressive tests were conducted at different temperatures and strain rates with various hydrogen contents. Based on these experimental data, the simulation models for predicting flow stress and microstructure evolution have been built by back propagation (BP) neural network. The numerical results gained via the networks were compared with the experimental results.

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Goldin, Philippe, Wiveka Ramel, and James Gross. "Mindfulness Meditation Training and Self-Referential Processing in Social Anxiety Disorder: Behavioral and Neural Effects." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 23, no. 3 (August 2009): 242–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.23.3.242.

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This study examined the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on the brain–behavior mechanisms of self-referential processing in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Sixteen patients underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while encoding self-referential, valence, and orthographic features of social trait adjectives. Post-MBSR, 14 patients completed neuroimaging. Compared to baseline, MBSR completers showed (a) increased self-esteem and decreased anxiety, (b) increased positive and decreased negative self-endorsement, (c) increased activity in a brain network related to attention regulation, and (d) reduced activity in brain systems implicated in conceptual-linguistic self-view. MBSR-related changes in maladaptive or distorted social self-view in adults diagnosed with SAD may be related to modulation of conceptual self-processing and attention regulation. Self-referential processing may serve as a functional biobehavioral target to measure the effects of mindfulness training.

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Leschak, Carrianne J., Janine M. Dutcher, Kate E. Byrne Haltom, Elizabeth C. Breen, Julienne E. Bower, and Naomi I. Eisenberger. "Associations between amygdala reactivity to social threat, perceived stress and C-reactive protein in breast cancer survivors." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 15, no. 10 (February 10, 2020): 1056–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsz103.

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Abstract Chronic inflammation in women diagnosed with breast cancer is critically linked with tumor progression, metastasis and survival. C-reactive protein (CRP)—a circulating marker of inflammation—is an important prognostic marker for cancer-related outcomes in breast cancer survivors (e.g. recurrence, fatigue). Psychological stress, which increases circulating markers of inflammation following sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation, may modulate tumor-relevant inflammatory processes. However, little is known about neural mechanisms that might link stress and downstream SNS-initiated proinflammatory processes, such as elevated CRP. Past work suggests that threat-related neural regions, such as the amygdala, may be key in translating psychological stress into SNS activity and subsequent peripheral inflammation. Thus, we examined amygdala reactivity to socially threatening stimuli in association with perceived stress and plasma CRP levels to further elucidate neuro-immune pathways of social threat processing within breast cancer survivors (N = 37). Significant positive correlations were found between left amygdala reactivity in response to socially threatening stimuli (e.g. angry/fearful faces vs happy faces) and perceived stress in the previous month (r = 0.32, P = 0.025) and between left amygdala reactivity and CRP (r = 0.33, P = 0.025). This work builds on prior research implicating the amygdala as a key structure in crosstalk between threat-related neural circuitries and peripheral inflammation, particularly within cancer survivors.

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van Rooij, S. J. H., A. R. Rademaker, M. Kennis, M. Vink, R. S. Kahn, and E. Geuze. "Neural correlates of trauma-unrelated emotional processing in war veterans with PTSD." Psychological Medicine 45, no. 3 (July 18, 2014): 575–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714001706.

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BackgroundPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is thought to be characterized by general heightened amygdala activation. However, this hypothesis is mainly based on specific studies presenting fear or trauma-related stimuli, hence, a thorough investigation of trauma-unrelated emotional processing in PTSD is needed.MethodsIn this study, 31 male medication-naive veterans with PTSD, 28 male control veterans (combat controls; CC) and 25 non-military men (healthy controls; HC) were included. Participants underwent functional MRI while trauma-unrelated neutral, negative and positive emotional pictures were presented. In addition to the group analyses, PTSD patients with and without major depressive disorder (MDD) were compared.ResultsAll groups showed an increased amygdala response to negative and positive contrasts, but amygdala activation did not differ between groups. However, a heightened dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) response for negative contrasts was observed in PTSD patients compared to HC. The medial superior frontal gyrus was deactivated in the negative contrast in HC, but not in veterans. PTSD+MDD patients showed decreased subgenual ACC (sgACC) activation to all pictures compared to PTSD–MDD.ConclusionOur findings do not support the hypothesis that increased amygdala activation in PTSD generalizes to trauma-unrelated emotional processing. Instead, the increased dACC response found in PTSD patients implicates an attentional bias that extends to trauma-unrelated negative stimuli. Only HC showed decreased medial superior frontal gyrus activation. Finally, decreased sgACC activation was related to MDD status within the PTSD group.

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Nakata, Hiroki, Mari Namba, Ryusuke Kakigi, and Manabu Shibasaki. "Effects of face/head and whole body cooling during passive heat stress on human somatosensory processing." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 312, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): R996—R1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00039.2017.

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We herein investigated the effects of face/head and whole body cooling during passive heat stress on human somatosensory processing recorded by somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) at C4′ and Fz electrodes. Fourteen healthy subjects received a median nerve stimulation at the left wrist. SEPs were recorded at normothermic baseline (Rest), when esophageal temperature had increased by ~1.2°C (heat stress: HS) during passive heating, face/head cooling during passive heating (face/head cooling: FHC), and after HS (whole body cooling: WBC). The latencies and amplitudes of P14, N20, P25, N35, P45, and N60 at C4′ and P14, N18, P22, and N30 at Fz were evaluated. Latency indicated speed of the subcortical and cortical somatosensory processing, while amplitude reflected the strength of neural activity. Blood flow in the internal and common carotid arteries (ICA and CCA, respectively) and psychological comfort were recorded in each session. Increases in esophageal temperature due to HS significantly decreased the amplitude of N60, psychological comfort, and ICA blood flow in the HS session, and also shortened the latencies of SEPs (all, P < 0.05). While esophageal temperature remained elevated, FHC recovered the peak amplitude of N60, psychological comfort, and ICA blood flow toward preheat baseline levels as well as WBC. However, the latencies of SEPs did not recover in the FHC and WBC sessions. These results suggest that impaired neural activity in cortical somatosensory processing during passive HS was recovered by FHC, whereas conduction velocity in the ascending somatosensory input was accelerated by increases in body temperature.

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Singh, Rajiv Ranjan, Sailesh Conjeti, and Rahul Banerjee. "A comparative evaluation of neural network classifiers for stress level analysis of automotive drivers using physiological signals." Biomedical Signal Processing and Control 8, no. 6 (November 2013): 740–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2013.06.014.

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Crozier, Joseph C., Lihong Wang, Scott A. Huettel, and Michael D. De Bellis. "Neural correlates of cognitive and affective processing in maltreated youth with posttraumatic stress symptoms: Does gender matter?" Development and Psychopathology 26, no. 2 (March 12, 2014): 491–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457941400008x.

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AbstractWe investigated the relationship of gender to cognitive and affective processing in maltreated youth with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Maltreated (N = 29, 13 females, 16 males) and nonmaltreated participants (N = 45, 26 females, 19 males) performed an emotional oddball task that involved detection of targets with fear or scrambled face distractors. Results were moderated by gender. During the executive component of this task, left precuneus/posterior middle cingulate hypoactivation to fear versus calm or scrambled face targets were seen in maltreated versus control males and may represent dysfunction and less resilience in attentional networks. Maltreated males also showed decreased activation in the inferior frontal gyrus compared to control males. No differences were found in females. Posterior cingulate activations positively correlated with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. While viewing fear faces, maltreated females exhibited decreased activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and cerebellum I–VI, whereas maltreated males exhibited increased activity in the left hippocampus, fusiform cortex, right cerebellar crus I, and visual cortex compared to their same-gender controls. Gender by maltreatment effects were not attributable to demographic, clinical, or maltreatment parameters. Maltreated girls and boys exhibited distinct patterns of neural activations during executive and affective processing, a new finding in the maltreatment literature.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Neural stress processing'

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